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Page 1
13.50
ACCOUNTING
8. INCORPORATION OF BRANCH BALANCE IN
HEAD OFFICE BOOKS
The method that will be adopted for incorporating the trading result of the branch
with that of the head office would depend on whether it is desired to prepare
(a) Standalone P&L & Balance Sheet for each Branch, or
(b) Consolidated statement of Branch & H.O.
Method I: Separate P&L & Balance Sheet for each Branch
Amount of P&L is shown by Branch & is transfer to H.O. in Branch books & converse
entry is passed in H.O. Books as:
Branch A/c Dr.
To Profit & Loss A/c
In such a case, not only P&L but also separate Balance Sheet for Branch & H.O. is to
be prepared. The Branch Balance Sheet would show the amount advanced by H.O.
to it as "Capital." In H.O. Books such amount would be shown as "Advance to Branch"
Method II: Prepare a consolidated Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet
Individual balances of all the revenue accounts would be separately transferred to
the Head Office Account by debit or credit in the branch books and the converse
entries would be passed in the head office books. The effect thereof will be similar
to the amount of net profit or loss of the branch having been transferred since it
would be composed of the balances that have been transferred. In case it is also
desired that consolidated balance sheet of the branch and the head office should
be prepared, it will also be necessary to transfer the balance of assets and liabilities
of the branch to the head office. The adjusting entries that would be passed in this
respect in the books of branch are shown below:
(a) Head Office Account Dr.
To Asset (individual) Account
(b) (Individual) Liability Account Dr.
To Head Office Account
Converse entries are passed in the head office books.
Page 2
13.50
ACCOUNTING
8. INCORPORATION OF BRANCH BALANCE IN
HEAD OFFICE BOOKS
The method that will be adopted for incorporating the trading result of the branch
with that of the head office would depend on whether it is desired to prepare
(a) Standalone P&L & Balance Sheet for each Branch, or
(b) Consolidated statement of Branch & H.O.
Method I: Separate P&L & Balance Sheet for each Branch
Amount of P&L is shown by Branch & is transfer to H.O. in Branch books & converse
entry is passed in H.O. Books as:
Branch A/c Dr.
To Profit & Loss A/c
In such a case, not only P&L but also separate Balance Sheet for Branch & H.O. is to
be prepared. The Branch Balance Sheet would show the amount advanced by H.O.
to it as "Capital." In H.O. Books such amount would be shown as "Advance to Branch"
Method II: Prepare a consolidated Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet
Individual balances of all the revenue accounts would be separately transferred to
the Head Office Account by debit or credit in the branch books and the converse
entries would be passed in the head office books. The effect thereof will be similar
to the amount of net profit or loss of the branch having been transferred since it
would be composed of the balances that have been transferred. In case it is also
desired that consolidated balance sheet of the branch and the head office should
be prepared, it will also be necessary to transfer the balance of assets and liabilities
of the branch to the head office. The adjusting entries that would be passed in this
respect in the books of branch are shown below:
(a) Head Office Account Dr.
To Asset (individual) Account
(b) (Individual) Liability Account Dr.
To Head Office Account
Converse entries are passed in the head office books.
13.51
ACCOUNTING FOR BRANCHES INCLUDING FOREIGN BRANCHES
It is obvious that after afore-mentioned entries have been passed, the Branch
Account in the Head Office books and Head Office Account in the branch books will
be closed and it will be necessary to restart them at the beginning of the next year.
In consequence, at the beginning of the following year, the under-mentioned entry
is recorded by the branch:
Asset Account (In Detail) Dr.
To Liability Accounts (In Detail)
To H.O. Account (The difference between assets and liabilities)
Illustration 10
KP manufactures a range of goods which it sells to wholesale customers only from its
head office. In addition, the H.O. transfers goods to a newly opened branch at factory
cost plus 15%. The branch then sells these goods to the general public on only cash
basis.
The selling price to wholesale customers is designed to give a factory profit which
amounts to 30% of the sales value. The selling price to the general public is designed
to give a gross margin (i.e., selling price less cost of goods from H.O.) of 30% of the
sales value.
KP operates from rented premises and leases all other types of fixed assets. The rent
and hire charges for these are included in the overhead costs shown in the trial
balances.
From the information given below, you are required to prepare for the year ended
31st Dec., 20X1 in columnar form.
(a) A Profit & Loss account for (i) H.O. (ii) the branch (iii) the entire business.
(b) Balance Sheet as on 31st Dec., 20X1 for the entire business.
H.O. Branch
` ` ` `
Raw materials purchased 35,000
Direct wages 1,08,500
Factory overheads 39,000
Stock on 1-1-20X1
Raw materials 1,800
Page 3
13.50
ACCOUNTING
8. INCORPORATION OF BRANCH BALANCE IN
HEAD OFFICE BOOKS
The method that will be adopted for incorporating the trading result of the branch
with that of the head office would depend on whether it is desired to prepare
(a) Standalone P&L & Balance Sheet for each Branch, or
(b) Consolidated statement of Branch & H.O.
Method I: Separate P&L & Balance Sheet for each Branch
Amount of P&L is shown by Branch & is transfer to H.O. in Branch books & converse
entry is passed in H.O. Books as:
Branch A/c Dr.
To Profit & Loss A/c
In such a case, not only P&L but also separate Balance Sheet for Branch & H.O. is to
be prepared. The Branch Balance Sheet would show the amount advanced by H.O.
to it as "Capital." In H.O. Books such amount would be shown as "Advance to Branch"
Method II: Prepare a consolidated Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet
Individual balances of all the revenue accounts would be separately transferred to
the Head Office Account by debit or credit in the branch books and the converse
entries would be passed in the head office books. The effect thereof will be similar
to the amount of net profit or loss of the branch having been transferred since it
would be composed of the balances that have been transferred. In case it is also
desired that consolidated balance sheet of the branch and the head office should
be prepared, it will also be necessary to transfer the balance of assets and liabilities
of the branch to the head office. The adjusting entries that would be passed in this
respect in the books of branch are shown below:
(a) Head Office Account Dr.
To Asset (individual) Account
(b) (Individual) Liability Account Dr.
To Head Office Account
Converse entries are passed in the head office books.
13.51
ACCOUNTING FOR BRANCHES INCLUDING FOREIGN BRANCHES
It is obvious that after afore-mentioned entries have been passed, the Branch
Account in the Head Office books and Head Office Account in the branch books will
be closed and it will be necessary to restart them at the beginning of the next year.
In consequence, at the beginning of the following year, the under-mentioned entry
is recorded by the branch:
Asset Account (In Detail) Dr.
To Liability Accounts (In Detail)
To H.O. Account (The difference between assets and liabilities)
Illustration 10
KP manufactures a range of goods which it sells to wholesale customers only from its
head office. In addition, the H.O. transfers goods to a newly opened branch at factory
cost plus 15%. The branch then sells these goods to the general public on only cash
basis.
The selling price to wholesale customers is designed to give a factory profit which
amounts to 30% of the sales value. The selling price to the general public is designed
to give a gross margin (i.e., selling price less cost of goods from H.O.) of 30% of the
sales value.
KP operates from rented premises and leases all other types of fixed assets. The rent
and hire charges for these are included in the overhead costs shown in the trial
balances.
From the information given below, you are required to prepare for the year ended
31st Dec., 20X1 in columnar form.
(a) A Profit & Loss account for (i) H.O. (ii) the branch (iii) the entire business.
(b) Balance Sheet as on 31st Dec., 20X1 for the entire business.
H.O. Branch
` ` ` `
Raw materials purchased 35,000
Direct wages 1,08,500
Factory overheads 39,000
Stock on 1-1-20X1
Raw materials 1,800
13.52
ACCOUNTING
Note:
(1) On 28th Dec., 20X1 the branch remitted ` 1,500 to the H.O. and this has not
yet been recorded in the H.O. books. Also, on the same date, the H.O. dispatched
goods to the branch invoiced at ` 1,500 and these too have not yet been entered
into the branch books. It is the company’s policy to adjust items in transit in
the books of the recipient.
(2) The stock of raw materials held at the H.O. on 31st Dec., 20X1 was valued at
` 2,300.
(3) You are advised that:
• there were no stock losses incurred at the H.O. or at the branch.
• it is KP’s practice to value finished goods stock at the H.O. at factory cost.
• there were no opening or closing stock of work-in-progress.
(4) Branch employees are entitled to a bonus of ` 156 under a bilateral agreement.
Finished goods 13,000 9,200
Debtors 37,000
Cash 22,000 1,000
Administrative Salaries 13,900 4,000
Salesmen Salaries 22,500 6,200
Other administrative &
selling overheads 12,500 2,300
Inter-unit accounts 5,000 2,000
Capital 50,000
Sundry Creditors 13,000
Provision for unrealized profit
in stock
1,200
Sales 2,00,000 65,200
Goods sent to Branch 46,000
Goods received from H.O. 44,500
3,10,200 3,10,200 67,200 67,200
Page 4
13.50
ACCOUNTING
8. INCORPORATION OF BRANCH BALANCE IN
HEAD OFFICE BOOKS
The method that will be adopted for incorporating the trading result of the branch
with that of the head office would depend on whether it is desired to prepare
(a) Standalone P&L & Balance Sheet for each Branch, or
(b) Consolidated statement of Branch & H.O.
Method I: Separate P&L & Balance Sheet for each Branch
Amount of P&L is shown by Branch & is transfer to H.O. in Branch books & converse
entry is passed in H.O. Books as:
Branch A/c Dr.
To Profit & Loss A/c
In such a case, not only P&L but also separate Balance Sheet for Branch & H.O. is to
be prepared. The Branch Balance Sheet would show the amount advanced by H.O.
to it as "Capital." In H.O. Books such amount would be shown as "Advance to Branch"
Method II: Prepare a consolidated Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet
Individual balances of all the revenue accounts would be separately transferred to
the Head Office Account by debit or credit in the branch books and the converse
entries would be passed in the head office books. The effect thereof will be similar
to the amount of net profit or loss of the branch having been transferred since it
would be composed of the balances that have been transferred. In case it is also
desired that consolidated balance sheet of the branch and the head office should
be prepared, it will also be necessary to transfer the balance of assets and liabilities
of the branch to the head office. The adjusting entries that would be passed in this
respect in the books of branch are shown below:
(a) Head Office Account Dr.
To Asset (individual) Account
(b) (Individual) Liability Account Dr.
To Head Office Account
Converse entries are passed in the head office books.
13.51
ACCOUNTING FOR BRANCHES INCLUDING FOREIGN BRANCHES
It is obvious that after afore-mentioned entries have been passed, the Branch
Account in the Head Office books and Head Office Account in the branch books will
be closed and it will be necessary to restart them at the beginning of the next year.
In consequence, at the beginning of the following year, the under-mentioned entry
is recorded by the branch:
Asset Account (In Detail) Dr.
To Liability Accounts (In Detail)
To H.O. Account (The difference between assets and liabilities)
Illustration 10
KP manufactures a range of goods which it sells to wholesale customers only from its
head office. In addition, the H.O. transfers goods to a newly opened branch at factory
cost plus 15%. The branch then sells these goods to the general public on only cash
basis.
The selling price to wholesale customers is designed to give a factory profit which
amounts to 30% of the sales value. The selling price to the general public is designed
to give a gross margin (i.e., selling price less cost of goods from H.O.) of 30% of the
sales value.
KP operates from rented premises and leases all other types of fixed assets. The rent
and hire charges for these are included in the overhead costs shown in the trial
balances.
From the information given below, you are required to prepare for the year ended
31st Dec., 20X1 in columnar form.
(a) A Profit & Loss account for (i) H.O. (ii) the branch (iii) the entire business.
(b) Balance Sheet as on 31st Dec., 20X1 for the entire business.
H.O. Branch
` ` ` `
Raw materials purchased 35,000
Direct wages 1,08,500
Factory overheads 39,000
Stock on 1-1-20X1
Raw materials 1,800
13.52
ACCOUNTING
Note:
(1) On 28th Dec., 20X1 the branch remitted ` 1,500 to the H.O. and this has not
yet been recorded in the H.O. books. Also, on the same date, the H.O. dispatched
goods to the branch invoiced at ` 1,500 and these too have not yet been entered
into the branch books. It is the company’s policy to adjust items in transit in
the books of the recipient.
(2) The stock of raw materials held at the H.O. on 31st Dec., 20X1 was valued at
` 2,300.
(3) You are advised that:
• there were no stock losses incurred at the H.O. or at the branch.
• it is KP’s practice to value finished goods stock at the H.O. at factory cost.
• there were no opening or closing stock of work-in-progress.
(4) Branch employees are entitled to a bonus of ` 156 under a bilateral agreement.
Finished goods 13,000 9,200
Debtors 37,000
Cash 22,000 1,000
Administrative Salaries 13,900 4,000
Salesmen Salaries 22,500 6,200
Other administrative &
selling overheads 12,500 2,300
Inter-unit accounts 5,000 2,000
Capital 50,000
Sundry Creditors 13,000
Provision for unrealized profit
in stock
1,200
Sales 2,00,000 65,200
Goods sent to Branch 46,000
Goods received from H.O. 44,500
3,10,200 3,10,200 67,200 67,200
13.53
ACCOUNTING FOR BRANCHES INCLUDING FOREIGN BRANCHES
Solution
In the books of KP
Trading and Profit & Loss Account for the year ended 31st Dec., 20X1
H.O. Branch Total H.O. Branch Total
` ` ` ` ` `
To Opening stock of
finished goods
To Material consumed
(W.N.1)
13,000
34,500
9,200
-
22,200
34,500
By Sales 2,00,000 65,200 2,65,200
To Wages 1,08,500 - 1,08,500 By Goods Sent
to Branch
46,000 - -
To Factory Overheads 39,000 - 39,000
To Goods from H.O. 46,000 By Closing
stock including
transit (W.N.2)
15,000 9,560 24,560
(Bal Fig)
To Gross Profit c/d
(W.N.3)
66,000
(Bal Fig)
19,560 85,560
2,61,000 74,760 2,89,760 2,61,000 74,760 2,89,760
To Admn. Salaries 13,900 4,000 17,900 By Gross Profit
b/d
66,000 19,560 85,560
To Salesmen Salaries 22,500 6,200 28,700
To Other Admn. &
selling Overheads
12,500 2,300 14,800
To Stock Reserve
(W.N.4)
47 - 47
To Bonus to Staff - 156 156
To Net Profit 17,053 6,904 23,957
66,000 19,560 85,560 66,000 19,560 85,560
Balance Sheet as on 31st Dec., 20X1
H.O. Branch Total H.O. Branch Total
` ` ` `
` ` `
Capital 50,000 - 50,000 Fixed Assets - - -
Profit: H.O. 17,053 Current Assets:
Branch 6,904 23,957 23,957 Raw material 2,300 2,300
Trade
Creditors
13,000 13,000 Finished Goods 15,000 9,560 23,313*
Page 5
13.50
ACCOUNTING
8. INCORPORATION OF BRANCH BALANCE IN
HEAD OFFICE BOOKS
The method that will be adopted for incorporating the trading result of the branch
with that of the head office would depend on whether it is desired to prepare
(a) Standalone P&L & Balance Sheet for each Branch, or
(b) Consolidated statement of Branch & H.O.
Method I: Separate P&L & Balance Sheet for each Branch
Amount of P&L is shown by Branch & is transfer to H.O. in Branch books & converse
entry is passed in H.O. Books as:
Branch A/c Dr.
To Profit & Loss A/c
In such a case, not only P&L but also separate Balance Sheet for Branch & H.O. is to
be prepared. The Branch Balance Sheet would show the amount advanced by H.O.
to it as "Capital." In H.O. Books such amount would be shown as "Advance to Branch"
Method II: Prepare a consolidated Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet
Individual balances of all the revenue accounts would be separately transferred to
the Head Office Account by debit or credit in the branch books and the converse
entries would be passed in the head office books. The effect thereof will be similar
to the amount of net profit or loss of the branch having been transferred since it
would be composed of the balances that have been transferred. In case it is also
desired that consolidated balance sheet of the branch and the head office should
be prepared, it will also be necessary to transfer the balance of assets and liabilities
of the branch to the head office. The adjusting entries that would be passed in this
respect in the books of branch are shown below:
(a) Head Office Account Dr.
To Asset (individual) Account
(b) (Individual) Liability Account Dr.
To Head Office Account
Converse entries are passed in the head office books.
13.51
ACCOUNTING FOR BRANCHES INCLUDING FOREIGN BRANCHES
It is obvious that after afore-mentioned entries have been passed, the Branch
Account in the Head Office books and Head Office Account in the branch books will
be closed and it will be necessary to restart them at the beginning of the next year.
In consequence, at the beginning of the following year, the under-mentioned entry
is recorded by the branch:
Asset Account (In Detail) Dr.
To Liability Accounts (In Detail)
To H.O. Account (The difference between assets and liabilities)
Illustration 10
KP manufactures a range of goods which it sells to wholesale customers only from its
head office. In addition, the H.O. transfers goods to a newly opened branch at factory
cost plus 15%. The branch then sells these goods to the general public on only cash
basis.
The selling price to wholesale customers is designed to give a factory profit which
amounts to 30% of the sales value. The selling price to the general public is designed
to give a gross margin (i.e., selling price less cost of goods from H.O.) of 30% of the
sales value.
KP operates from rented premises and leases all other types of fixed assets. The rent
and hire charges for these are included in the overhead costs shown in the trial
balances.
From the information given below, you are required to prepare for the year ended
31st Dec., 20X1 in columnar form.
(a) A Profit & Loss account for (i) H.O. (ii) the branch (iii) the entire business.
(b) Balance Sheet as on 31st Dec., 20X1 for the entire business.
H.O. Branch
` ` ` `
Raw materials purchased 35,000
Direct wages 1,08,500
Factory overheads 39,000
Stock on 1-1-20X1
Raw materials 1,800
13.52
ACCOUNTING
Note:
(1) On 28th Dec., 20X1 the branch remitted ` 1,500 to the H.O. and this has not
yet been recorded in the H.O. books. Also, on the same date, the H.O. dispatched
goods to the branch invoiced at ` 1,500 and these too have not yet been entered
into the branch books. It is the company’s policy to adjust items in transit in
the books of the recipient.
(2) The stock of raw materials held at the H.O. on 31st Dec., 20X1 was valued at
` 2,300.
(3) You are advised that:
• there were no stock losses incurred at the H.O. or at the branch.
• it is KP’s practice to value finished goods stock at the H.O. at factory cost.
• there were no opening or closing stock of work-in-progress.
(4) Branch employees are entitled to a bonus of ` 156 under a bilateral agreement.
Finished goods 13,000 9,200
Debtors 37,000
Cash 22,000 1,000
Administrative Salaries 13,900 4,000
Salesmen Salaries 22,500 6,200
Other administrative &
selling overheads 12,500 2,300
Inter-unit accounts 5,000 2,000
Capital 50,000
Sundry Creditors 13,000
Provision for unrealized profit
in stock
1,200
Sales 2,00,000 65,200
Goods sent to Branch 46,000
Goods received from H.O. 44,500
3,10,200 3,10,200 67,200 67,200
13.53
ACCOUNTING FOR BRANCHES INCLUDING FOREIGN BRANCHES
Solution
In the books of KP
Trading and Profit & Loss Account for the year ended 31st Dec., 20X1
H.O. Branch Total H.O. Branch Total
` ` ` ` ` `
To Opening stock of
finished goods
To Material consumed
(W.N.1)
13,000
34,500
9,200
-
22,200
34,500
By Sales 2,00,000 65,200 2,65,200
To Wages 1,08,500 - 1,08,500 By Goods Sent
to Branch
46,000 - -
To Factory Overheads 39,000 - 39,000
To Goods from H.O. 46,000 By Closing
stock including
transit (W.N.2)
15,000 9,560 24,560
(Bal Fig)
To Gross Profit c/d
(W.N.3)
66,000
(Bal Fig)
19,560 85,560
2,61,000 74,760 2,89,760 2,61,000 74,760 2,89,760
To Admn. Salaries 13,900 4,000 17,900 By Gross Profit
b/d
66,000 19,560 85,560
To Salesmen Salaries 22,500 6,200 28,700
To Other Admn. &
selling Overheads
12,500 2,300 14,800
To Stock Reserve
(W.N.4)
47 - 47
To Bonus to Staff - 156 156
To Net Profit 17,053 6,904 23,957
66,000 19,560 85,560 66,000 19,560 85,560
Balance Sheet as on 31st Dec., 20X1
H.O. Branch Total H.O. Branch Total
` ` ` `
` ` `
Capital 50,000 - 50,000 Fixed Assets - - -
Profit: H.O. 17,053 Current Assets:
Branch 6,904 23,957 23,957 Raw material 2,300 2,300
Trade
Creditors
13,000 13,000 Finished Goods 15,000 9,560 23,313*
13.54
ACCOUNTING
Bonus Payable 156 156 (Less Stock Res.)
H.O. Account* 10,404 Debtors 37,000 - 37,000
Stock Reserve
(W.N.4)
1,247
Cash (including
transit item)
23,500 1,000 24,500
Branch A/c 10,404**
88,204 10,560 87,113 88,204 10,560 87,113
*9,560 × 100/115 i.e., (8,313 + 15,000) = ` 23,313 or (15,000 + 9,560) – 1,247 (Stock reserve)
** (5,000 + 6,904) – 1500 = ` 10,404.
Working Notes:
(1) Material consumed
Opening raw material + Raw Material Purchased – Closing raw material
= 1,800 + 35,000 - 2,300 = 34,500
(2) Closing stock at head office
(a) Calculation of total factor cost = Material consumed + Wages + Factory
overhead
= 34,500 + 1,08,500 + 39,000 = 1,82,000
(b) Cost (factory cost) of goods sold = Sales – Gross profit
= 2,00,000 – 2,00,000 x 30% = 1,40,000
(c) Stock transferred to branch = 46,000 x 100/115 = 40,000
(d) Closing stock = 13,000 (Opening Stock) + 1,82,000 – 1,40,000 – 40,000
= 15,000
(3) Gross profit of Branch = Sales x Gross profit ratio
= 65,200 x 30% = 19,560
(4) Closing stock reserve = 9,560 x 15/115 = 1,247
Charge to profit and loss = 1,247 – 1,200 (existing) = 47
Illustration 11
AFFIX of Kolkata has a branch at Delhi to which the goods are supplied from
Kolkata but the cost thereof is not recorded in the Head Office books.
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FAQs on Accounting for Branches Including Foreign Branches: Notes (Part- 2) - Accounting for CA Intermediate (Old Scheme)
| 1. What is the difference between a branch and a foreign branch in accounting? |  |
Ans. A branch refers to a location or division of a company that operates within the same country as the company's headquarters. On the other hand, a foreign branch refers to a location or division of a company that operates in a different country from the company's headquarters. The main difference lies in the jurisdiction and regulations that apply to each type of branch.
| 2. How are the financial statements of a branch and a foreign branch prepared? | |
Ans. The financial statements of a branch are prepared in a similar manner to the company's main financial statements. The branch's transactions are recorded in the books of the head office, and the financial statements include the branch's revenue, expenses, assets, and liabilities. However, for a foreign branch, the financial statements need to comply with the accounting standards and regulations of the foreign country. This may involve converting the branch's financial statements into the local currency and adjusting for any differences in accounting principles.
| 3. What are the challenges in accounting for foreign branches? | |
Ans. Accounting for foreign branches can pose several challenges. One challenge is the need to comply with the accounting standards and regulations of the foreign country, which may differ from the company's home country. This requires understanding and applying the local accounting principles. Another challenge is the currency conversion and dealing with foreign exchange fluctuations. Additionally, there may be differences in taxation, reporting requirements, and legal regulations that need to be considered when accounting for foreign branches.
| 4. How are interbranch transactions accounted for in branch accounting? | |
Ans. Interbranch transactions in branch accounting are recorded as if they were transactions between independent entities. The branch and the head office are treated as separate entities for accounting purposes. Therefore, when goods or services are transferred between the branch and the head office, they are recorded as sales or purchases at the transfer price. The transfer price should be based on the market value or a predetermined formula agreed upon by the branch and the head office.
| 5. What is the purpose of preparing branch accounts in accounting? | |
Ans. The purpose of preparing branch accounts is to monitor the performance and financial position of each branch within a company. Branch accounts provide information on the revenue, expenses, assets, and liabilities of each branch, allowing management to assess the profitability and efficiency of individual branches. This information helps in making informed decisions regarding resource allocation, expansion, and overall business strategy. Additionally, branch accounts facilitate the consolidation of financial statements at the company level.
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