ISRO & Students | Science & Technology for UPSC 2024 (Pre & Mains) PDF Download

 Page 1


 
ISRO & Students 
•RESPOND (Research Sponsored) Programme  
?Started in 1970s wth the objective of    encouraging academia to participate and contribute in 
various Space related research activities 
?Projects are taken up by Universities/Academic Institutions in the areas of relevance to Space 
Programme. ISRO has evolved the RESPOND programme through which necessary ?nancial and 
technical support is provided to academia in India for conducting research and development 
activities related to space science, space T echnology and space applications 
?RESPOND programme is mutually bene?cial to ISRO and Academia, wherein the rich talent of 
Academia/ faculty is being harnessed to support the nation’s Space programme 
•
IMPRINT (IMPacting Research Innovation and T echnology) Programme 
?It is the ?rst of its kind MHRD supported Pan-IIT + IISc joint initiative to address the major science 
and engineering challenges that India must address and champion to enable, empower and 
embolden the nation for inclusive growth and self-reliance 
?It is synergizing platform for institutions, academia, industry that encourages research & innovation, 
making it socially more relevant 
•Uchchatar Avishkar Yojana (UAY) 
?Aimed to promote industry-speci?c need-based research so as to keep up the competitiveness of 
the Indian industry in the global market 
?All the IITs have been encouraged to work with the industry to identify areas where innovation is 
required and come up with solutions that could be brought up to the commercialisation level 
?The scheme would be applicable to the projects proposed by the Indian Institutes of T echnologies 
initially. The projects should have collaboration between the academia and industry - within or 
outside India 
•Pratham 
?The microsatellite developed by IIT-B students, will be launched as a piggyback with the ISRO’s 
ScatSat PSLV 
?Its primary mission is to count electrons in the Earth’s ionosphere 
?Apart from detecting the exact GPS location, Pratham will also help predict tsunamis 
•Kalamsat-V2 
?Kalamsat-V2, a student payload is ?rst to use fourth stage (PS4) of the PSLV as an orbital platform. 
The satellite was taken to its designated orbit by PSLV-C44 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
!
Page 2


 
ISRO & Students 
•RESPOND (Research Sponsored) Programme  
?Started in 1970s wth the objective of    encouraging academia to participate and contribute in 
various Space related research activities 
?Projects are taken up by Universities/Academic Institutions in the areas of relevance to Space 
Programme. ISRO has evolved the RESPOND programme through which necessary ?nancial and 
technical support is provided to academia in India for conducting research and development 
activities related to space science, space T echnology and space applications 
?RESPOND programme is mutually bene?cial to ISRO and Academia, wherein the rich talent of 
Academia/ faculty is being harnessed to support the nation’s Space programme 
•
IMPRINT (IMPacting Research Innovation and T echnology) Programme 
?It is the ?rst of its kind MHRD supported Pan-IIT + IISc joint initiative to address the major science 
and engineering challenges that India must address and champion to enable, empower and 
embolden the nation for inclusive growth and self-reliance 
?It is synergizing platform for institutions, academia, industry that encourages research & innovation, 
making it socially more relevant 
•Uchchatar Avishkar Yojana (UAY) 
?Aimed to promote industry-speci?c need-based research so as to keep up the competitiveness of 
the Indian industry in the global market 
?All the IITs have been encouraged to work with the industry to identify areas where innovation is 
required and come up with solutions that could be brought up to the commercialisation level 
?The scheme would be applicable to the projects proposed by the Indian Institutes of T echnologies 
initially. The projects should have collaboration between the academia and industry - within or 
outside India 
•Pratham 
?The microsatellite developed by IIT-B students, will be launched as a piggyback with the ISRO’s 
ScatSat PSLV 
?Its primary mission is to count electrons in the Earth’s ionosphere 
?Apart from detecting the exact GPS location, Pratham will also help predict tsunamis 
•Kalamsat-V2 
?Kalamsat-V2, a student payload is ?rst to use fourth stage (PS4) of the PSLV as an orbital platform. 
The satellite was taken to its designated orbit by PSLV-C44 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
! 
Recent Satellite Launches by ISRO 
•South Asia Satellite 
?South Asia Satellite will offer participating countries television services and communications 
technology for bank ATMs and e-governance, and may even serve as a backup for cellular networks, 
especially in places where the terrestrial connectivity is weak 
?Each South Asian country will get access to one transponder through which it will be able to beam 
its own programming, besides common “South Asian programming” . The countries will have to 
develop their own ground infrastructure. India is willing to extend assistance and knowhow 
?The 2,230-kg communication spacecraft, with a mission life of 12 years, will support effective 
communication, broadcasting and Internet services in a region that is geographically challenging, 
economically lagging with limited technological resources 
?SAS or  GSAT-9  is a geostationary communications and meteorology satellite. It will provide 
signi?cant capability to each of the participating countries in terms of DTH (direct-to-home), 
besides linking the countries for disaster information transfer. It will help them in better 
governance, better banking and education in remote areas, more predictable weather forecasting 
and ef?cient natural resource mapping, linking people with top-end medical services through 
telemedicine and quick response to natural disasters.  Its bene?ts also include  deeper IT 
connectivity and fostering people-to-people contact 
?Pakistan is not a part of the project as it had refused to accept India's "invaluable gift" , proposed by 
Modi soon after he became the Prime Minister in 2014 
? Globally, the gift has perhaps no precedent 
?Importance 
? South Asia Satellite (SAS) may boost communication and improve disaster links among its six 
neighbours has  “opened up new horizons of engagement” in the region and  helped it carve a 
unique place for itself in space diplomacy 
? T ermed India's technology largesse from the sky to the peoples of the region, the satellite will 
prove to be a boon in the entire region’s progress 
? Expected to cement bonds among Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, 
Nepal and Sri Lanka 
? Sheikh Hasina said the new satellite would change the face of South Asia and expand 
connectivity from land and water to space 
? It underlined India’s “neighbourhood ?rst” foreign policy and showed its commitment to 
the development of the region 
? Pushpa Kamal Dahal said the satellite was a “testimony” to South Asia becoming self-
reliant in space science. It would boost connectivity in the region that, in turn, would spur 
development 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
!
Page 3


 
ISRO & Students 
•RESPOND (Research Sponsored) Programme  
?Started in 1970s wth the objective of    encouraging academia to participate and contribute in 
various Space related research activities 
?Projects are taken up by Universities/Academic Institutions in the areas of relevance to Space 
Programme. ISRO has evolved the RESPOND programme through which necessary ?nancial and 
technical support is provided to academia in India for conducting research and development 
activities related to space science, space T echnology and space applications 
?RESPOND programme is mutually bene?cial to ISRO and Academia, wherein the rich talent of 
Academia/ faculty is being harnessed to support the nation’s Space programme 
•
IMPRINT (IMPacting Research Innovation and T echnology) Programme 
?It is the ?rst of its kind MHRD supported Pan-IIT + IISc joint initiative to address the major science 
and engineering challenges that India must address and champion to enable, empower and 
embolden the nation for inclusive growth and self-reliance 
?It is synergizing platform for institutions, academia, industry that encourages research & innovation, 
making it socially more relevant 
•Uchchatar Avishkar Yojana (UAY) 
?Aimed to promote industry-speci?c need-based research so as to keep up the competitiveness of 
the Indian industry in the global market 
?All the IITs have been encouraged to work with the industry to identify areas where innovation is 
required and come up with solutions that could be brought up to the commercialisation level 
?The scheme would be applicable to the projects proposed by the Indian Institutes of T echnologies 
initially. The projects should have collaboration between the academia and industry - within or 
outside India 
•Pratham 
?The microsatellite developed by IIT-B students, will be launched as a piggyback with the ISRO’s 
ScatSat PSLV 
?Its primary mission is to count electrons in the Earth’s ionosphere 
?Apart from detecting the exact GPS location, Pratham will also help predict tsunamis 
•Kalamsat-V2 
?Kalamsat-V2, a student payload is ?rst to use fourth stage (PS4) of the PSLV as an orbital platform. 
The satellite was taken to its designated orbit by PSLV-C44 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
! 
Recent Satellite Launches by ISRO 
•South Asia Satellite 
?South Asia Satellite will offer participating countries television services and communications 
technology for bank ATMs and e-governance, and may even serve as a backup for cellular networks, 
especially in places where the terrestrial connectivity is weak 
?Each South Asian country will get access to one transponder through which it will be able to beam 
its own programming, besides common “South Asian programming” . The countries will have to 
develop their own ground infrastructure. India is willing to extend assistance and knowhow 
?The 2,230-kg communication spacecraft, with a mission life of 12 years, will support effective 
communication, broadcasting and Internet services in a region that is geographically challenging, 
economically lagging with limited technological resources 
?SAS or  GSAT-9  is a geostationary communications and meteorology satellite. It will provide 
signi?cant capability to each of the participating countries in terms of DTH (direct-to-home), 
besides linking the countries for disaster information transfer. It will help them in better 
governance, better banking and education in remote areas, more predictable weather forecasting 
and ef?cient natural resource mapping, linking people with top-end medical services through 
telemedicine and quick response to natural disasters.  Its bene?ts also include  deeper IT 
connectivity and fostering people-to-people contact 
?Pakistan is not a part of the project as it had refused to accept India's "invaluable gift" , proposed by 
Modi soon after he became the Prime Minister in 2014 
? Globally, the gift has perhaps no precedent 
?Importance 
? South Asia Satellite (SAS) may boost communication and improve disaster links among its six 
neighbours has  “opened up new horizons of engagement” in the region and  helped it carve a 
unique place for itself in space diplomacy 
? T ermed India's technology largesse from the sky to the peoples of the region, the satellite will 
prove to be a boon in the entire region’s progress 
? Expected to cement bonds among Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, 
Nepal and Sri Lanka 
? Sheikh Hasina said the new satellite would change the face of South Asia and expand 
connectivity from land and water to space 
? It underlined India’s “neighbourhood ?rst” foreign policy and showed its commitment to 
the development of the region 
? Pushpa Kamal Dahal said the satellite was a “testimony” to South Asia becoming self-
reliant in space science. It would boost connectivity in the region that, in turn, would spur 
development 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
! 
? Maithripala Sirisena said the satellite would help alleviate poverty and improve the living 
standards of South Asians 
? Common Network for Disaster Management Support, Meteorological Data sharing, 
Connectivity of academic; scienti?c and research institutions, etc. 
? Dedicated networks for hosting the services by member countries  
?T elevision / Direct-to-Home channels  
? VSAT services, e-governance & banking, cellular backhaul, etc.  
?T ele-medicine & T ele-education etc. 
•
SCATSAT-1 
?It is a continuity mission for Oceansat-2 scatterometer to provide wind vector data products 
for weather forecasting, cyclone detection and tracking services to the users 
?It was placed into a 730 km polar sun synchronous orbit by PSLV 
? This was the ?rst mission of PSLV in which it launched its payloads into different orbits  
•
HYSIS (Hyper spectral Imaging Satellite) 
?HysIS, the primary satellite of PSLV-C43 mission, weighing about 380 kg, is an earth 
observation satellite con?gured around ISRO’s Mini Satellite-2 (IMS-2) bus. The primary goal of 
HysIS is to study the earth’s surface in the visible, near infrared and shortwave infrared regions 
of the electromagnetic spectrum 
?Primary goal of HysIS is to study the earth’s surface in both the visible, near infrared and 
shortwave infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Data from the satellite will be 
used for a wide range of applications including agriculture, forestry, soil/geological 
environments, coastal zones and inland waters, etc. 
?HySIS carries two payloads: one to capture images in the visible near-infrared (VNIR) range of 
the light spectrum, and another in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) range 
•
RISAT (Radar Imaging Satellite) 
?Series of Indian radar imaging reconnaissance satellites built by ISRO 
?Provides all-weather surveillance using synthetic aperture radars (SAR) 
?Data that will come from the all-weather day-and-night satellite are considered to be vital for 
the Armed Forces as also agriculture forecasters and disaster relief agencies 
?Its X-band synthetic aperture radar can give added details such as size of objects on Earth, 
structures, movement and change 
?India depended on images from a Canadian satellite as existing domestic remote sensing 
spacecraft cannot take pictures of the earth during cloud cover
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
!