Healthcare (Analytical) | Science & Technology for UPSC 2024 (Pre & Mains) PDF Download

 Page 1


Healthcare 
Health does not simply mean freedom from diseases. A healthy life is everyone persons’ right. The onus is on the 
government to provide access for all to affordable, inclusive and resilient health systems  
— Narendra Modi 
SDG 3 
Ensure healthy lives and promote well being for all at all ages 
1. By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100 000 live births. 
2. By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries 
aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1000 live births and under-5 mortality 
to at least as low as 25 per 1000 live births. 
3. By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and 
combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases. 
4. By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through 
prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being. 
5. Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and 
harmful use of alcohol. 
6. By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traf?c accidents. 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
Page 2


Healthcare 
Health does not simply mean freedom from diseases. A healthy life is everyone persons’ right. The onus is on the 
government to provide access for all to affordable, inclusive and resilient health systems  
— Narendra Modi 
SDG 3 
Ensure healthy lives and promote well being for all at all ages 
1. By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100 000 live births. 
2. By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries 
aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1000 live births and under-5 mortality 
to at least as low as 25 per 1000 live births. 
3. By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and 
combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases. 
4. By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through 
prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being. 
5. Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and 
harmful use of alcohol. 
6. By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traf?c accidents. 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
7. By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family 
planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies 
and programmes. 
8. Achieve universal health coverage, including ?nancial risk protection, access to quality essential 
health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and 
vaccines for all. 
9. By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, 
water and soil pollution and contamination. 
A. Strengthen the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on T obacco Control in all 
countries, as appropriate. 
B. Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-
communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable 
essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement 
and Public Health, which af?rms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in 
the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding ?exibilities to 
protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all. 
C. Substantially increase health ?nancing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of 
the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island 
developing States. 
D. Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk 
reduction and management of national and global health risks.
Pillars of Healthcare in India 
1. Preventive Healthcare: Special emphasis on yoga, Ayurveda and ?tness  
?India is building more than 125,000 wellness centres and this focus has helped in controlling life 
style diseases such as diabetes, blood pressure and depression 
?Ban on e-cigarettes  
?Clean India Campaign contributed towards saving millions of lives
?Special attention to immunisation: Introducing new vaccines, improving access to vaccination in far 
?ung areas
2. Affordable Healthcare 
?World’s largest health insurance scheme  — Ayushman Bharat.  500 million poor people have been 
given the facility of free treatment worth up to 500,000 rupees every year and last year alone, 4.5 
million people have availed of this facility 
?India has opened more than 5000 special pharmacies where more than 800 varieties of vital 
medicines are available at affordable prices.  
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
Page 3


Healthcare 
Health does not simply mean freedom from diseases. A healthy life is everyone persons’ right. The onus is on the 
government to provide access for all to affordable, inclusive and resilient health systems  
— Narendra Modi 
SDG 3 
Ensure healthy lives and promote well being for all at all ages 
1. By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100 000 live births. 
2. By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries 
aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1000 live births and under-5 mortality 
to at least as low as 25 per 1000 live births. 
3. By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and 
combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases. 
4. By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through 
prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being. 
5. Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and 
harmful use of alcohol. 
6. By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traf?c accidents. 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
7. By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family 
planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies 
and programmes. 
8. Achieve universal health coverage, including ?nancial risk protection, access to quality essential 
health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and 
vaccines for all. 
9. By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, 
water and soil pollution and contamination. 
A. Strengthen the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on T obacco Control in all 
countries, as appropriate. 
B. Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-
communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable 
essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement 
and Public Health, which af?rms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in 
the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding ?exibilities to 
protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all. 
C. Substantially increase health ?nancing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of 
the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island 
developing States. 
D. Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk 
reduction and management of national and global health risks.
Pillars of Healthcare in India 
1. Preventive Healthcare: Special emphasis on yoga, Ayurveda and ?tness  
?India is building more than 125,000 wellness centres and this focus has helped in controlling life 
style diseases such as diabetes, blood pressure and depression 
?Ban on e-cigarettes  
?Clean India Campaign contributed towards saving millions of lives
?Special attention to immunisation: Introducing new vaccines, improving access to vaccination in far 
?ung areas
2. Affordable Healthcare 
?World’s largest health insurance scheme  — Ayushman Bharat.  500 million poor people have been 
given the facility of free treatment worth up to 500,000 rupees every year and last year alone, 4.5 
million people have availed of this facility 
?India has opened more than 5000 special pharmacies where more than 800 varieties of vital 
medicines are available at affordable prices.  
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
?Cost of stents for heart patients has been slashed by 80% and the cost of knee implants has been cut 
down by 50 to 70 per cent.  Hundreds of thousands of kidney patients in India are also taking 
advantage of the free dialysis services provided by the government
3. Improvements on the supply side: Quality medical education and medical infrastructure development
4. Mission Mode Intervention (National Nutrition Initiative): While UN has set a deadline of 2030 in its 
Sustainable Development Goals to ending the TB epidemic, Modi said the target year that India has set 
for itself to end TB is ?ve years ahead of the UN deadline. Campaign has also been started against 
diseases that spread due to air pollution and through animals. 
National Health Policy 2017
Objective 
Improve health status through concerted policy action in all sectors and expand preventive, promotive, 
curative, palliative and rehabilitative services provided through the public health sector with focus on 
quality   
Quantitative Goals and Objectives  
1. Health Status and Programme Impact  
•Increase life expectance at birth from 67.5 to 70 by 2025  
•
Establish regular tracking of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DAL Y) index   
•Reduction of TFR to 2.1 by 2025  
2. Mortality by Age and/or cause  
•
Reduce under ?ve mortality to 23 by 2025 and MMR from current levels to 100 by 2020  
•Reduce infant mortality rate to 28 by 2019  
•
Reduce neo-natal to 16 and still birth rate to ’single digit’ by 2025  
3. Reduction of disease prevalence/incidence   
•
Achieve global target of 2020 which is also termed as target of 90:90:90, for HIV/AIDS  
•
Achieve and maintain elimination status of Leprosy by 2018, Kala-Azar by 2017 and Lymphatic Filariasis 
in endemic pockets by 2017  
•
T o reduce incidence of new cases of TB  and eliminate it by 2025  
•Reduce prevalence of blindness to 0.25/1000 by 2025  
•
Reduce premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory 
diseases by 25% by 2025  
4. Health Systems strengthening  
•
Increase health expenditure from 1.15% to 2.5% by 2025  
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
Page 4


Healthcare 
Health does not simply mean freedom from diseases. A healthy life is everyone persons’ right. The onus is on the 
government to provide access for all to affordable, inclusive and resilient health systems  
— Narendra Modi 
SDG 3 
Ensure healthy lives and promote well being for all at all ages 
1. By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100 000 live births. 
2. By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries 
aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1000 live births and under-5 mortality 
to at least as low as 25 per 1000 live births. 
3. By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and 
combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases. 
4. By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through 
prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being. 
5. Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and 
harmful use of alcohol. 
6. By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traf?c accidents. 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
7. By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family 
planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies 
and programmes. 
8. Achieve universal health coverage, including ?nancial risk protection, access to quality essential 
health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and 
vaccines for all. 
9. By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, 
water and soil pollution and contamination. 
A. Strengthen the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on T obacco Control in all 
countries, as appropriate. 
B. Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-
communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable 
essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement 
and Public Health, which af?rms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in 
the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding ?exibilities to 
protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all. 
C. Substantially increase health ?nancing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of 
the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island 
developing States. 
D. Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk 
reduction and management of national and global health risks.
Pillars of Healthcare in India 
1. Preventive Healthcare: Special emphasis on yoga, Ayurveda and ?tness  
?India is building more than 125,000 wellness centres and this focus has helped in controlling life 
style diseases such as diabetes, blood pressure and depression 
?Ban on e-cigarettes  
?Clean India Campaign contributed towards saving millions of lives
?Special attention to immunisation: Introducing new vaccines, improving access to vaccination in far 
?ung areas
2. Affordable Healthcare 
?World’s largest health insurance scheme  — Ayushman Bharat.  500 million poor people have been 
given the facility of free treatment worth up to 500,000 rupees every year and last year alone, 4.5 
million people have availed of this facility 
?India has opened more than 5000 special pharmacies where more than 800 varieties of vital 
medicines are available at affordable prices.  
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
?Cost of stents for heart patients has been slashed by 80% and the cost of knee implants has been cut 
down by 50 to 70 per cent.  Hundreds of thousands of kidney patients in India are also taking 
advantage of the free dialysis services provided by the government
3. Improvements on the supply side: Quality medical education and medical infrastructure development
4. Mission Mode Intervention (National Nutrition Initiative): While UN has set a deadline of 2030 in its 
Sustainable Development Goals to ending the TB epidemic, Modi said the target year that India has set 
for itself to end TB is ?ve years ahead of the UN deadline. Campaign has also been started against 
diseases that spread due to air pollution and through animals. 
National Health Policy 2017
Objective 
Improve health status through concerted policy action in all sectors and expand preventive, promotive, 
curative, palliative and rehabilitative services provided through the public health sector with focus on 
quality   
Quantitative Goals and Objectives  
1. Health Status and Programme Impact  
•Increase life expectance at birth from 67.5 to 70 by 2025  
•
Establish regular tracking of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DAL Y) index   
•Reduction of TFR to 2.1 by 2025  
2. Mortality by Age and/or cause  
•
Reduce under ?ve mortality to 23 by 2025 and MMR from current levels to 100 by 2020  
•Reduce infant mortality rate to 28 by 2019  
•
Reduce neo-natal to 16 and still birth rate to ’single digit’ by 2025  
3. Reduction of disease prevalence/incidence   
•
Achieve global target of 2020 which is also termed as target of 90:90:90, for HIV/AIDS  
•
Achieve and maintain elimination status of Leprosy by 2018, Kala-Azar by 2017 and Lymphatic Filariasis 
in endemic pockets by 2017  
•
T o reduce incidence of new cases of TB  and eliminate it by 2025  
•Reduce prevalence of blindness to 0.25/1000 by 2025  
•
Reduce premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory 
diseases by 25% by 2025  
4. Health Systems strengthening  
•
Increase health expenditure from 1.15% to 2.5% by 2025  
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
•Increase paramedics, doctors and community health volunteers as per Indian Public Health Standard 
(IPHS)  
•
Establish primary and secondary care facility as per norms in high priority districts by 2025  
7 priority areas  
1. The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan  
2. Balanced, healthy diets and regular exercises  
3. Addressing tobacco, alcohol and substance abuse  
4. Yatri Suraksha — preventing deaths due to rail and road traf?c accidents  
5. Nirbhaya Nari — action against gender violence  
6. Reduced stress and improved safety in the work place  
7. Reducing indoor and outdoor air pollution 
Mental Healthcare
•56 million Indians (4.5% of population) suffer from depression 
•
38 million Indians suffer from anxiety disorders
•WHO: 7.5% of Indians suffer from major or minor mental disorders that require expert intervention 
?Depressive disorders are characterised by sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or 
low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, feelings of tiredness and poor concentration 
?Anxiety disorders refer to a group of mental disorders characterised by feelings of anxiety and 
fear,  including generalised  anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, phobias, social 
anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
?Barriers to  effective care include lack of resources, dearth of trained health-care providers, and 
social stigma associated with mental disorders
?Inaccurate assessment another barrier to effective care
•
Worldwide, prevalence of depression increased by 18% from 2005 to 2015
Mental Healthcare Act 2017
•Patient-centric approach with the aim of increasing participation of service users
•
Ensures every person has the right to access mental healthcare and treatment from health services run 
or funded by the government
•
Free treatment for mentally-ill persons who are homeless or poor, even if they don’t posses a BPL card
•
Provides for the right to make an advance directive in writing specifying the way the person wishes to be 
cared for and treatment for a mental illness
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
Page 5


Healthcare 
Health does not simply mean freedom from diseases. A healthy life is everyone persons’ right. The onus is on the 
government to provide access for all to affordable, inclusive and resilient health systems  
— Narendra Modi 
SDG 3 
Ensure healthy lives and promote well being for all at all ages 
1. By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100 000 live births. 
2. By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries 
aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1000 live births and under-5 mortality 
to at least as low as 25 per 1000 live births. 
3. By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and 
combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases. 
4. By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through 
prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being. 
5. Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and 
harmful use of alcohol. 
6. By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traf?c accidents. 
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
7. By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family 
planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies 
and programmes. 
8. Achieve universal health coverage, including ?nancial risk protection, access to quality essential 
health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and 
vaccines for all. 
9. By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, 
water and soil pollution and contamination. 
A. Strengthen the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on T obacco Control in all 
countries, as appropriate. 
B. Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-
communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable 
essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement 
and Public Health, which af?rms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in 
the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding ?exibilities to 
protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all. 
C. Substantially increase health ?nancing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of 
the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island 
developing States. 
D. Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk 
reduction and management of national and global health risks.
Pillars of Healthcare in India 
1. Preventive Healthcare: Special emphasis on yoga, Ayurveda and ?tness  
?India is building more than 125,000 wellness centres and this focus has helped in controlling life 
style diseases such as diabetes, blood pressure and depression 
?Ban on e-cigarettes  
?Clean India Campaign contributed towards saving millions of lives
?Special attention to immunisation: Introducing new vaccines, improving access to vaccination in far 
?ung areas
2. Affordable Healthcare 
?World’s largest health insurance scheme  — Ayushman Bharat.  500 million poor people have been 
given the facility of free treatment worth up to 500,000 rupees every year and last year alone, 4.5 
million people have availed of this facility 
?India has opened more than 5000 special pharmacies where more than 800 varieties of vital 
medicines are available at affordable prices.  
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
?Cost of stents for heart patients has been slashed by 80% and the cost of knee implants has been cut 
down by 50 to 70 per cent.  Hundreds of thousands of kidney patients in India are also taking 
advantage of the free dialysis services provided by the government
3. Improvements on the supply side: Quality medical education and medical infrastructure development
4. Mission Mode Intervention (National Nutrition Initiative): While UN has set a deadline of 2030 in its 
Sustainable Development Goals to ending the TB epidemic, Modi said the target year that India has set 
for itself to end TB is ?ve years ahead of the UN deadline. Campaign has also been started against 
diseases that spread due to air pollution and through animals. 
National Health Policy 2017
Objective 
Improve health status through concerted policy action in all sectors and expand preventive, promotive, 
curative, palliative and rehabilitative services provided through the public health sector with focus on 
quality   
Quantitative Goals and Objectives  
1. Health Status and Programme Impact  
•Increase life expectance at birth from 67.5 to 70 by 2025  
•
Establish regular tracking of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DAL Y) index   
•Reduction of TFR to 2.1 by 2025  
2. Mortality by Age and/or cause  
•
Reduce under ?ve mortality to 23 by 2025 and MMR from current levels to 100 by 2020  
•Reduce infant mortality rate to 28 by 2019  
•
Reduce neo-natal to 16 and still birth rate to ’single digit’ by 2025  
3. Reduction of disease prevalence/incidence   
•
Achieve global target of 2020 which is also termed as target of 90:90:90, for HIV/AIDS  
•
Achieve and maintain elimination status of Leprosy by 2018, Kala-Azar by 2017 and Lymphatic Filariasis 
in endemic pockets by 2017  
•
T o reduce incidence of new cases of TB  and eliminate it by 2025  
•Reduce prevalence of blindness to 0.25/1000 by 2025  
•
Reduce premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory 
diseases by 25% by 2025  
4. Health Systems strengthening  
•
Increase health expenditure from 1.15% to 2.5% by 2025  
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
•Increase paramedics, doctors and community health volunteers as per Indian Public Health Standard 
(IPHS)  
•
Establish primary and secondary care facility as per norms in high priority districts by 2025  
7 priority areas  
1. The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan  
2. Balanced, healthy diets and regular exercises  
3. Addressing tobacco, alcohol and substance abuse  
4. Yatri Suraksha — preventing deaths due to rail and road traf?c accidents  
5. Nirbhaya Nari — action against gender violence  
6. Reduced stress and improved safety in the work place  
7. Reducing indoor and outdoor air pollution 
Mental Healthcare
•56 million Indians (4.5% of population) suffer from depression 
•
38 million Indians suffer from anxiety disorders
•WHO: 7.5% of Indians suffer from major or minor mental disorders that require expert intervention 
?Depressive disorders are characterised by sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or 
low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, feelings of tiredness and poor concentration 
?Anxiety disorders refer to a group of mental disorders characterised by feelings of anxiety and 
fear,  including generalised  anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, phobias, social 
anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
?Barriers to  effective care include lack of resources, dearth of trained health-care providers, and 
social stigma associated with mental disorders
?Inaccurate assessment another barrier to effective care
•
Worldwide, prevalence of depression increased by 18% from 2005 to 2015
Mental Healthcare Act 2017
•Patient-centric approach with the aim of increasing participation of service users
•
Ensures every person has the right to access mental healthcare and treatment from health services run 
or funded by the government
•
Free treatment for mentally-ill persons who are homeless or poor, even if they don’t posses a BPL card
•
Provides for the right to make an advance directive in writing specifying the way the person wishes to be 
cared for and treatment for a mental illness
www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com 
•Recognises the role of caregivers as those who can be appointed as a nominated representative of a 
mentally ill person, members of central mental health  authority & state mental health authorities or 
members of mental health review boards
•A person who attempts suicide should be presumed to have severe stress and shall not be punished
?Suicide is a mental disease and not a criminal act
•Right to con?dentiality in respect of mental health,  mental healthcare, treatment and  physical 
 healthcare
•
Gov will set up Central Mental Health Authority at national level and State Mental Health Authority in 
every state
?Every mental health institute and mental health practitioners including psychiatric social workers 
need to be registered with this Authority
•
Mental Health Review Board be constituted to protect rights of persons with mental illness and manage 
advance directives? www.YouTube.com/SleepyClasses 
www.SleepyClasses.com