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14@varjk
lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u ^vKs;*
(lu~ 1911&1987)
vKs; dk ewy uke lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u gSA mUgksaus
vKs; uke ls dkO;&jpuk dhA mudk tUe oqQ'khuxj (mÙkj
izns'k) esa gqvk Fkk] ¯drq cpiu y[kuÅ] Jhuxj vkSj tEew esa
chrkA mudh izkjafHkd f'k{kk vaxzs”kh vkSj laLÑr esa gqbZA ¯gnh
mUgksaus ckn esa lh[khA os vkjaHk esa foKku osQ fo|kFkhZ FksA ch-,llh- djus osQ ckn mUgksaus ,e-
,- vaxzs”kh esa izos'k fy;kA Økafrdkjh vkanksyu esa Hkkx ysus osQ dkj.k mUgsa viuk vè;;u chp
esa gh NksM+uk iM+kA os pkj o"kZ tsy esa jgs rFkk nks o"kZ u”kjcanA
vKs; us ns'k&fons'k dh vusd ;k=kk,¡ dhaA mUgksaus dbZ ukSdfj;k¡ dha vkSj NksM+haA oqqQN le; rd
os tksèkiqj fo'ofo|ky; esa izksI
+
ksQlj Hkh jgsA os ¯gnh osQ izfl¼ lekpkj lkIrkfgd fnueku osQ
laLFkkid laiknd FksA oqQN fnuksa rd mUgksaus uoHkkjr VkbEl dk Hkh laiknu fd;kA blosQ vykok
mUgksaus lSfud] fo'kky Hkkjr] izrhd] u;k izrhd vkfn vusd lkfgfR;d i=k&if=kdkvksa dk
laiknu fd;kA vk”kknh osQ ckn dh ¯gnh dfork ij mudk O;kid izHkko gSA mUgksaus lIrd ijaijk
dk lw=kikr djrs gq, rkj lIrd] nwljk lIrd] rhljk lIrd dk laiknu fd;kA izR;sd lIrd esa
lkr dfo;ksa dh dfork,¡ lax`ghr gSa tks 'krkCnh osQ dbZ n'kdksa dh dkO;&psruk dks izdV djrh gSaA
vKs; us dfork osQ lkFk dgkuh] miU;kl] ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar] fucaèk] vkykspuk vkfn vusd
lkfgfR;d foèkkvksa esa ys[ku dk;Z fd;k gSA 'ks[kjµ,d thouh] unh osQ }hi] vius&vius
vtuch (miU;kl)] vjs ;k;koj jgsxk ;kn] ,d cw¡n lglk mNyh (;k=kk&o`Ùkkar)]
f=k'kaoqQ] vkReus in (fucaèk)] foiFkxk] ijaijk] dksBjh dh ckr] 'kj.kkFkhZ] t;nksy vkSj
;s rsjs izfr:i (dgkuh laxzg) izeq[k jpuk,¡ gSaA
vKs; izÑfr&izse vkSj ekuo&eu osQ var}±}ksa osQ dfo gSaA mudh dfork esa O;fDr dh Lora=krk
dk vkxzg gS vkSj ckSf¼drk dk foLrkj HkhA mUgksaus 'kCnksa dks u;k vFkZ nsus dk iz;kl djrs gq,] ¯gnh
dkO;&Hkk"kk dk fodkl fd;k gSA mUgsa vusd iqjLdkj feys gSa] ftuesa lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj]
Hkkjr Hkkjrh lEeku vkSj Hkkjrh; KkuihB iqjLdkj izeq[k gSaA
2024-25
Page 2


14@varjk
lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u ^vKs;*
(lu~ 1911&1987)
vKs; dk ewy uke lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u gSA mUgksaus
vKs; uke ls dkO;&jpuk dhA mudk tUe oqQ'khuxj (mÙkj
izns'k) esa gqvk Fkk] ¯drq cpiu y[kuÅ] Jhuxj vkSj tEew esa
chrkA mudh izkjafHkd f'k{kk vaxzs”kh vkSj laLÑr esa gqbZA ¯gnh
mUgksaus ckn esa lh[khA os vkjaHk esa foKku osQ fo|kFkhZ FksA ch-,llh- djus osQ ckn mUgksaus ,e-
,- vaxzs”kh esa izos'k fy;kA Økafrdkjh vkanksyu esa Hkkx ysus osQ dkj.k mUgsa viuk vè;;u chp
esa gh NksM+uk iM+kA os pkj o"kZ tsy esa jgs rFkk nks o"kZ u”kjcanA
vKs; us ns'k&fons'k dh vusd ;k=kk,¡ dhaA mUgksaus dbZ ukSdfj;k¡ dha vkSj NksM+haA oqqQN le; rd
os tksèkiqj fo'ofo|ky; esa izksI
+
ksQlj Hkh jgsA os ¯gnh osQ izfl¼ lekpkj lkIrkfgd fnueku osQ
laLFkkid laiknd FksA oqQN fnuksa rd mUgksaus uoHkkjr VkbEl dk Hkh laiknu fd;kA blosQ vykok
mUgksaus lSfud] fo'kky Hkkjr] izrhd] u;k izrhd vkfn vusd lkfgfR;d i=k&if=kdkvksa dk
laiknu fd;kA vk”kknh osQ ckn dh ¯gnh dfork ij mudk O;kid izHkko gSA mUgksaus lIrd ijaijk
dk lw=kikr djrs gq, rkj lIrd] nwljk lIrd] rhljk lIrd dk laiknu fd;kA izR;sd lIrd esa
lkr dfo;ksa dh dfork,¡ lax`ghr gSa tks 'krkCnh osQ dbZ n'kdksa dh dkO;&psruk dks izdV djrh gSaA
vKs; us dfork osQ lkFk dgkuh] miU;kl] ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar] fucaèk] vkykspuk vkfn vusd
lkfgfR;d foèkkvksa esa ys[ku dk;Z fd;k gSA 'ks[kjµ,d thouh] unh osQ }hi] vius&vius
vtuch (miU;kl)] vjs ;k;koj jgsxk ;kn] ,d cw¡n lglk mNyh (;k=kk&o`Ùkkar)]
f=k'kaoqQ] vkReus in (fucaèk)] foiFkxk] ijaijk] dksBjh dh ckr] 'kj.kkFkhZ] t;nksy vkSj
;s rsjs izfr:i (dgkuh laxzg) izeq[k jpuk,¡ gSaA
vKs; izÑfr&izse vkSj ekuo&eu osQ var}±}ksa osQ dfo gSaA mudh dfork esa O;fDr dh Lora=krk
dk vkxzg gS vkSj ckSf¼drk dk foLrkj HkhA mUgksaus 'kCnksa dks u;k vFkZ nsus dk iz;kl djrs gq,] ¯gnh
dkO;&Hkk"kk dk fodkl fd;k gSA mUgsa vusd iqjLdkj feys gSa] ftuesa lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj]
Hkkjr Hkkjrh lEeku vkSj Hkkjrh; KkuihB iqjLdkj izeq[k gSaA
2024-25
vKs;@15
mudh eq[; dkO;&Ñfr;k¡ gSaµHkXunwr] ¯prk] gjh ?kkl ij {k.kHkj] baæèkuq jkSans gq, ;s]
vk¡xu osQ ikj }kj] fdruh ukoksa esa fdruh ckj vkfnA vKs; dh laiw.kZ dforkvksa dk ladyu
lnkuhjk uke ls nks Hkkxksa esa izdkf'kr gqvk gSA
;g nhi vosQyk dfork esa vKs; ,sls nhi dh ckr djrs gSa tks Lusg Hkjk gS] xoZ Hkjk
gS] enekrk Hkh gS ¯drq vosQyk gSA vgadkj dk en gesa viuks ls vyx dj nsrk gSA dfo
dgrk gS fd bl vosQys nhi dks Hkh iafDr esa 'kkfey dj yksA iafDr esa 'kkfey djus ls
ml nhi dh egÙkk ,oa lkFkZdrk c<+ tk,xhA nhi lc oqQN gS] lkjs xq.k ,oa 'kfDr;k¡ mlesa
gSa] mldh O;fDrxr lÙkk Hkh de ugha gS fiQj Hkh iafDr dh rqyuk esa og ,d gS] ,dkdh
gSA nhi dk iafDr ;k lewg esa foy; gh mldh rkdr dk] mldh lÙkk dk lkoZHkkSehdj.k
gS] mlosQ y{; ,oa mís'; dk loZO;kihdj.k gSA Bhd ;gh fLFkfr euq"; dh Hkh gSA O;fDr
lc oqQN gS] loZ'kfDreku gS] loZxq.klaiUu gS fiQj Hkh lekt esa mldk foy;] lekt osQ
lkFk mldh varjaxrk ls lekt e”kcwr gksxk] jk"Vª e”kcwr gksxkA bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls
vKs; us O;fDrxr lÙkk dks lkekftd lÙkk osQ lkFk tksM+us ij cy fn;k gSA nhi dk iafDr
esa foy; O;f"V dk lef"V esa foy; gS vkSj vkRecksèk dk fo'ocksèk esa :ikarj.kA
eS us ns[kk ,d cw¡n dfork esa vKs; us leqnz ls vyx izrhr gksrh cw¡n dh {k.kHkaxqjrk
dks O;k[;kf;r fd;k gSA ;g {k.kHkaxqjrk cw¡n dh gS] leqnz dh ughaA cw¡n {k.kHkj osQ fy, <yrs
lwjt dh vkx ls jax tkrh gSA {k.kHkj dk ;g n`'; ns[kdj dfo dks ,d nk'kZfud rRo Hkh
nh[kus yx tkrk gSA fojkV osQ lEeq[k cw¡n dk leqnz ls vyx fn[kuk u'ojrk osQ
nkx ls] u"V gksus osQ cksèk ls eqfDr dk vglkl gSA bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo
us thou esa {k.k osQ egÙo dks] {k.kHkaxqjrk dks izfr"Bkfir fd;k gSA
2024-25
Page 3


14@varjk
lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u ^vKs;*
(lu~ 1911&1987)
vKs; dk ewy uke lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u gSA mUgksaus
vKs; uke ls dkO;&jpuk dhA mudk tUe oqQ'khuxj (mÙkj
izns'k) esa gqvk Fkk] ¯drq cpiu y[kuÅ] Jhuxj vkSj tEew esa
chrkA mudh izkjafHkd f'k{kk vaxzs”kh vkSj laLÑr esa gqbZA ¯gnh
mUgksaus ckn esa lh[khA os vkjaHk esa foKku osQ fo|kFkhZ FksA ch-,llh- djus osQ ckn mUgksaus ,e-
,- vaxzs”kh esa izos'k fy;kA Økafrdkjh vkanksyu esa Hkkx ysus osQ dkj.k mUgsa viuk vè;;u chp
esa gh NksM+uk iM+kA os pkj o"kZ tsy esa jgs rFkk nks o"kZ u”kjcanA
vKs; us ns'k&fons'k dh vusd ;k=kk,¡ dhaA mUgksaus dbZ ukSdfj;k¡ dha vkSj NksM+haA oqqQN le; rd
os tksèkiqj fo'ofo|ky; esa izksI
+
ksQlj Hkh jgsA os ¯gnh osQ izfl¼ lekpkj lkIrkfgd fnueku osQ
laLFkkid laiknd FksA oqQN fnuksa rd mUgksaus uoHkkjr VkbEl dk Hkh laiknu fd;kA blosQ vykok
mUgksaus lSfud] fo'kky Hkkjr] izrhd] u;k izrhd vkfn vusd lkfgfR;d i=k&if=kdkvksa dk
laiknu fd;kA vk”kknh osQ ckn dh ¯gnh dfork ij mudk O;kid izHkko gSA mUgksaus lIrd ijaijk
dk lw=kikr djrs gq, rkj lIrd] nwljk lIrd] rhljk lIrd dk laiknu fd;kA izR;sd lIrd esa
lkr dfo;ksa dh dfork,¡ lax`ghr gSa tks 'krkCnh osQ dbZ n'kdksa dh dkO;&psruk dks izdV djrh gSaA
vKs; us dfork osQ lkFk dgkuh] miU;kl] ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar] fucaèk] vkykspuk vkfn vusd
lkfgfR;d foèkkvksa esa ys[ku dk;Z fd;k gSA 'ks[kjµ,d thouh] unh osQ }hi] vius&vius
vtuch (miU;kl)] vjs ;k;koj jgsxk ;kn] ,d cw¡n lglk mNyh (;k=kk&o`Ùkkar)]
f=k'kaoqQ] vkReus in (fucaèk)] foiFkxk] ijaijk] dksBjh dh ckr] 'kj.kkFkhZ] t;nksy vkSj
;s rsjs izfr:i (dgkuh laxzg) izeq[k jpuk,¡ gSaA
vKs; izÑfr&izse vkSj ekuo&eu osQ var}±}ksa osQ dfo gSaA mudh dfork esa O;fDr dh Lora=krk
dk vkxzg gS vkSj ckSf¼drk dk foLrkj HkhA mUgksaus 'kCnksa dks u;k vFkZ nsus dk iz;kl djrs gq,] ¯gnh
dkO;&Hkk"kk dk fodkl fd;k gSA mUgsa vusd iqjLdkj feys gSa] ftuesa lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj]
Hkkjr Hkkjrh lEeku vkSj Hkkjrh; KkuihB iqjLdkj izeq[k gSaA
2024-25
vKs;@15
mudh eq[; dkO;&Ñfr;k¡ gSaµHkXunwr] ¯prk] gjh ?kkl ij {k.kHkj] baæèkuq jkSans gq, ;s]
vk¡xu osQ ikj }kj] fdruh ukoksa esa fdruh ckj vkfnA vKs; dh laiw.kZ dforkvksa dk ladyu
lnkuhjk uke ls nks Hkkxksa esa izdkf'kr gqvk gSA
;g nhi vosQyk dfork esa vKs; ,sls nhi dh ckr djrs gSa tks Lusg Hkjk gS] xoZ Hkjk
gS] enekrk Hkh gS ¯drq vosQyk gSA vgadkj dk en gesa viuks ls vyx dj nsrk gSA dfo
dgrk gS fd bl vosQys nhi dks Hkh iafDr esa 'kkfey dj yksA iafDr esa 'kkfey djus ls
ml nhi dh egÙkk ,oa lkFkZdrk c<+ tk,xhA nhi lc oqQN gS] lkjs xq.k ,oa 'kfDr;k¡ mlesa
gSa] mldh O;fDrxr lÙkk Hkh de ugha gS fiQj Hkh iafDr dh rqyuk esa og ,d gS] ,dkdh
gSA nhi dk iafDr ;k lewg esa foy; gh mldh rkdr dk] mldh lÙkk dk lkoZHkkSehdj.k
gS] mlosQ y{; ,oa mís'; dk loZO;kihdj.k gSA Bhd ;gh fLFkfr euq"; dh Hkh gSA O;fDr
lc oqQN gS] loZ'kfDreku gS] loZxq.klaiUu gS fiQj Hkh lekt esa mldk foy;] lekt osQ
lkFk mldh varjaxrk ls lekt e”kcwr gksxk] jk"Vª e”kcwr gksxkA bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls
vKs; us O;fDrxr lÙkk dks lkekftd lÙkk osQ lkFk tksM+us ij cy fn;k gSA nhi dk iafDr
esa foy; O;f"V dk lef"V esa foy; gS vkSj vkRecksèk dk fo'ocksèk esa :ikarj.kA
eS us ns[kk ,d cw¡n dfork esa vKs; us leqnz ls vyx izrhr gksrh cw¡n dh {k.kHkaxqjrk
dks O;k[;kf;r fd;k gSA ;g {k.kHkaxqjrk cw¡n dh gS] leqnz dh ughaA cw¡n {k.kHkj osQ fy, <yrs
lwjt dh vkx ls jax tkrh gSA {k.kHkj dk ;g n`'; ns[kdj dfo dks ,d nk'kZfud rRo Hkh
nh[kus yx tkrk gSA fojkV osQ lEeq[k cw¡n dk leqnz ls vyx fn[kuk u'ojrk osQ
nkx ls] u"V gksus osQ cksèk ls eqfDr dk vglkl gSA bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo
us thou esa {k.k osQ egÙo dks] {k.kHkaxqjrk dks izfr"Bkfir fd;k gSA
2024-25
16@varjk
;g nhi vosQyk
;g nhi vosQyk Lusg Hkjk
gS xoZ Hkjk enekrk] ij bldks Hkh iafDr dks ns nksA
;g tu gSµxkrk xhr ftUgsa fiQj vkSj dkSu xk,xk\
iuMqCckµ;s eksrh lPps fiQj dkSu Ñrh yk,xk\
;g lfeèkkµ,slh vkx gBhyk fcjyk lqyxk,xkA
;g vf}rh;µ;g esjkµ;g eSa Lo;a folftZrµ
;g nhi] vosQyk] Lusg Hkjk
gS xoZ Hkjk enekrk] ij bldks Hkh iafDr dks ns nksA
;g eèkq gSµLo;a dky dh ekSuk dk ;qx&lap;]
;g xksjlµthou&dkeèksuq dk ve`r&iwr i;]
;g vaoqQjµiQksM+ èkjk dks jfo dks rdrk fuHkZ;]
;g izÑr] Lo;aHkw] czã] v;qr% bldks Hkh 'kfDr dks ns nksA
;g nhi] vosQyk] Lusg Hkjk
gS xoZ Hkjk enekrk] ij bldks Hkh iafDr dks ns nksA
;g og fo'okl] ugha tks viuh y?kqrk esa Hkh dk¡ik]
og ihM+k] ftl dh xgjkbZ dks Lo;a mlh us ukik_
oqQRlk] vieku] voKk osQ èkq¡èkqvkrs dM+
q
os re esa
;g lnk&nzfor] fpj&tkx:d] vuqjDr&us=k]
mYyac&ckgq] ;g fpj&v[kaM viukikA
ftKklq] izcq¼] lnk J¼ke;] bldks HkfDr dks ns nksµ
;g nhi] vosQyk] Lusg Hkjk
gS xoZ Hkjk enekrk] ij bldks Hkh iafDr dks ns nksA
2024-25
Page 4


14@varjk
lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u ^vKs;*
(lu~ 1911&1987)
vKs; dk ewy uke lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u gSA mUgksaus
vKs; uke ls dkO;&jpuk dhA mudk tUe oqQ'khuxj (mÙkj
izns'k) esa gqvk Fkk] ¯drq cpiu y[kuÅ] Jhuxj vkSj tEew esa
chrkA mudh izkjafHkd f'k{kk vaxzs”kh vkSj laLÑr esa gqbZA ¯gnh
mUgksaus ckn esa lh[khA os vkjaHk esa foKku osQ fo|kFkhZ FksA ch-,llh- djus osQ ckn mUgksaus ,e-
,- vaxzs”kh esa izos'k fy;kA Økafrdkjh vkanksyu esa Hkkx ysus osQ dkj.k mUgsa viuk vè;;u chp
esa gh NksM+uk iM+kA os pkj o"kZ tsy esa jgs rFkk nks o"kZ u”kjcanA
vKs; us ns'k&fons'k dh vusd ;k=kk,¡ dhaA mUgksaus dbZ ukSdfj;k¡ dha vkSj NksM+haA oqqQN le; rd
os tksèkiqj fo'ofo|ky; esa izksI
+
ksQlj Hkh jgsA os ¯gnh osQ izfl¼ lekpkj lkIrkfgd fnueku osQ
laLFkkid laiknd FksA oqQN fnuksa rd mUgksaus uoHkkjr VkbEl dk Hkh laiknu fd;kA blosQ vykok
mUgksaus lSfud] fo'kky Hkkjr] izrhd] u;k izrhd vkfn vusd lkfgfR;d i=k&if=kdkvksa dk
laiknu fd;kA vk”kknh osQ ckn dh ¯gnh dfork ij mudk O;kid izHkko gSA mUgksaus lIrd ijaijk
dk lw=kikr djrs gq, rkj lIrd] nwljk lIrd] rhljk lIrd dk laiknu fd;kA izR;sd lIrd esa
lkr dfo;ksa dh dfork,¡ lax`ghr gSa tks 'krkCnh osQ dbZ n'kdksa dh dkO;&psruk dks izdV djrh gSaA
vKs; us dfork osQ lkFk dgkuh] miU;kl] ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar] fucaèk] vkykspuk vkfn vusd
lkfgfR;d foèkkvksa esa ys[ku dk;Z fd;k gSA 'ks[kjµ,d thouh] unh osQ }hi] vius&vius
vtuch (miU;kl)] vjs ;k;koj jgsxk ;kn] ,d cw¡n lglk mNyh (;k=kk&o`Ùkkar)]
f=k'kaoqQ] vkReus in (fucaèk)] foiFkxk] ijaijk] dksBjh dh ckr] 'kj.kkFkhZ] t;nksy vkSj
;s rsjs izfr:i (dgkuh laxzg) izeq[k jpuk,¡ gSaA
vKs; izÑfr&izse vkSj ekuo&eu osQ var}±}ksa osQ dfo gSaA mudh dfork esa O;fDr dh Lora=krk
dk vkxzg gS vkSj ckSf¼drk dk foLrkj HkhA mUgksaus 'kCnksa dks u;k vFkZ nsus dk iz;kl djrs gq,] ¯gnh
dkO;&Hkk"kk dk fodkl fd;k gSA mUgsa vusd iqjLdkj feys gSa] ftuesa lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj]
Hkkjr Hkkjrh lEeku vkSj Hkkjrh; KkuihB iqjLdkj izeq[k gSaA
2024-25
vKs;@15
mudh eq[; dkO;&Ñfr;k¡ gSaµHkXunwr] ¯prk] gjh ?kkl ij {k.kHkj] baæèkuq jkSans gq, ;s]
vk¡xu osQ ikj }kj] fdruh ukoksa esa fdruh ckj vkfnA vKs; dh laiw.kZ dforkvksa dk ladyu
lnkuhjk uke ls nks Hkkxksa esa izdkf'kr gqvk gSA
;g nhi vosQyk dfork esa vKs; ,sls nhi dh ckr djrs gSa tks Lusg Hkjk gS] xoZ Hkjk
gS] enekrk Hkh gS ¯drq vosQyk gSA vgadkj dk en gesa viuks ls vyx dj nsrk gSA dfo
dgrk gS fd bl vosQys nhi dks Hkh iafDr esa 'kkfey dj yksA iafDr esa 'kkfey djus ls
ml nhi dh egÙkk ,oa lkFkZdrk c<+ tk,xhA nhi lc oqQN gS] lkjs xq.k ,oa 'kfDr;k¡ mlesa
gSa] mldh O;fDrxr lÙkk Hkh de ugha gS fiQj Hkh iafDr dh rqyuk esa og ,d gS] ,dkdh
gSA nhi dk iafDr ;k lewg esa foy; gh mldh rkdr dk] mldh lÙkk dk lkoZHkkSehdj.k
gS] mlosQ y{; ,oa mís'; dk loZO;kihdj.k gSA Bhd ;gh fLFkfr euq"; dh Hkh gSA O;fDr
lc oqQN gS] loZ'kfDreku gS] loZxq.klaiUu gS fiQj Hkh lekt esa mldk foy;] lekt osQ
lkFk mldh varjaxrk ls lekt e”kcwr gksxk] jk"Vª e”kcwr gksxkA bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls
vKs; us O;fDrxr lÙkk dks lkekftd lÙkk osQ lkFk tksM+us ij cy fn;k gSA nhi dk iafDr
esa foy; O;f"V dk lef"V esa foy; gS vkSj vkRecksèk dk fo'ocksèk esa :ikarj.kA
eS us ns[kk ,d cw¡n dfork esa vKs; us leqnz ls vyx izrhr gksrh cw¡n dh {k.kHkaxqjrk
dks O;k[;kf;r fd;k gSA ;g {k.kHkaxqjrk cw¡n dh gS] leqnz dh ughaA cw¡n {k.kHkj osQ fy, <yrs
lwjt dh vkx ls jax tkrh gSA {k.kHkj dk ;g n`'; ns[kdj dfo dks ,d nk'kZfud rRo Hkh
nh[kus yx tkrk gSA fojkV osQ lEeq[k cw¡n dk leqnz ls vyx fn[kuk u'ojrk osQ
nkx ls] u"V gksus osQ cksèk ls eqfDr dk vglkl gSA bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo
us thou esa {k.k osQ egÙo dks] {k.kHkaxqjrk dks izfr"Bkfir fd;k gSA
2024-25
16@varjk
;g nhi vosQyk
;g nhi vosQyk Lusg Hkjk
gS xoZ Hkjk enekrk] ij bldks Hkh iafDr dks ns nksA
;g tu gSµxkrk xhr ftUgsa fiQj vkSj dkSu xk,xk\
iuMqCckµ;s eksrh lPps fiQj dkSu Ñrh yk,xk\
;g lfeèkkµ,slh vkx gBhyk fcjyk lqyxk,xkA
;g vf}rh;µ;g esjkµ;g eSa Lo;a folftZrµ
;g nhi] vosQyk] Lusg Hkjk
gS xoZ Hkjk enekrk] ij bldks Hkh iafDr dks ns nksA
;g eèkq gSµLo;a dky dh ekSuk dk ;qx&lap;]
;g xksjlµthou&dkeèksuq dk ve`r&iwr i;]
;g vaoqQjµiQksM+ èkjk dks jfo dks rdrk fuHkZ;]
;g izÑr] Lo;aHkw] czã] v;qr% bldks Hkh 'kfDr dks ns nksA
;g nhi] vosQyk] Lusg Hkjk
gS xoZ Hkjk enekrk] ij bldks Hkh iafDr dks ns nksA
;g og fo'okl] ugha tks viuh y?kqrk esa Hkh dk¡ik]
og ihM+k] ftl dh xgjkbZ dks Lo;a mlh us ukik_
oqQRlk] vieku] voKk osQ èkq¡èkqvkrs dM+
q
os re esa
;g lnk&nzfor] fpj&tkx:d] vuqjDr&us=k]
mYyac&ckgq] ;g fpj&v[kaM viukikA
ftKklq] izcq¼] lnk J¼ke;] bldks HkfDr dks ns nksµ
;g nhi] vosQyk] Lusg Hkjk
gS xoZ Hkjk enekrk] ij bldks Hkh iafDr dks ns nksA
2024-25
vKs;@17
eSaus ns[kk] ,d cw¡n
eSaus ns[kk
,d cw¡n lglk
mNyh lkxj osQ >kx ls_
jax xbZ {k.kHkj
<yrs lwjt dh vkx lsA
eq> dks nh[k x;k%
lwus fojkV~ osQ lEeq[k
gj vkyksd&Nqvk viukiu
gS mUekspu
u'ojrk osQ nkx ls!
iz'u&vH;kl
;g nhi vosQyk
1- ^nhi vosQyk* osQ izrhdkFkZ dks Li"V djrs gq, ;g crkb, fd mls dfo us Lusg Hkjk] xoZ Hkjk
,oa enekrk D;ksa dgk gS\
2- ;g nhi vosQyk gS ^ij bldks Hkh iafDr dks ns nks* osQ vkèkkj ij O;f"V dk lef"V esa foy;
D;ksa vkSj oSQls laHko gS\
3- ^xhr* vkSj ^eksrh* dh lkFkZdrk fdlls tqM+h gS\
4- ^;g vf}rh;µ;g esjkµ;g eSa Lo;a folftZr*µiafDr osQ vkèkkj ij O;f"V osQ lef"V esa
foltZu dh mi;ksfxrk crkb,A
5- ^;g eèkq gS 
------------
 rdrk fuHkZ;*µiafDr;ksa osQ vkèkkj ij crkb, fd ^eèkq*] ^xksjl* vkSj
^vaoqQj* dh D;k fo'ks"krk gS\
2024-25
Page 5


14@varjk
lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u ^vKs;*
(lu~ 1911&1987)
vKs; dk ewy uke lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u gSA mUgksaus
vKs; uke ls dkO;&jpuk dhA mudk tUe oqQ'khuxj (mÙkj
izns'k) esa gqvk Fkk] ¯drq cpiu y[kuÅ] Jhuxj vkSj tEew esa
chrkA mudh izkjafHkd f'k{kk vaxzs”kh vkSj laLÑr esa gqbZA ¯gnh
mUgksaus ckn esa lh[khA os vkjaHk esa foKku osQ fo|kFkhZ FksA ch-,llh- djus osQ ckn mUgksaus ,e-
,- vaxzs”kh esa izos'k fy;kA Økafrdkjh vkanksyu esa Hkkx ysus osQ dkj.k mUgsa viuk vè;;u chp
esa gh NksM+uk iM+kA os pkj o"kZ tsy esa jgs rFkk nks o"kZ u”kjcanA
vKs; us ns'k&fons'k dh vusd ;k=kk,¡ dhaA mUgksaus dbZ ukSdfj;k¡ dha vkSj NksM+haA oqqQN le; rd
os tksèkiqj fo'ofo|ky; esa izksI
+
ksQlj Hkh jgsA os ¯gnh osQ izfl¼ lekpkj lkIrkfgd fnueku osQ
laLFkkid laiknd FksA oqQN fnuksa rd mUgksaus uoHkkjr VkbEl dk Hkh laiknu fd;kA blosQ vykok
mUgksaus lSfud] fo'kky Hkkjr] izrhd] u;k izrhd vkfn vusd lkfgfR;d i=k&if=kdkvksa dk
laiknu fd;kA vk”kknh osQ ckn dh ¯gnh dfork ij mudk O;kid izHkko gSA mUgksaus lIrd ijaijk
dk lw=kikr djrs gq, rkj lIrd] nwljk lIrd] rhljk lIrd dk laiknu fd;kA izR;sd lIrd esa
lkr dfo;ksa dh dfork,¡ lax`ghr gSa tks 'krkCnh osQ dbZ n'kdksa dh dkO;&psruk dks izdV djrh gSaA
vKs; us dfork osQ lkFk dgkuh] miU;kl] ;k=kk&o`Ùkkar] fucaèk] vkykspuk vkfn vusd
lkfgfR;d foèkkvksa esa ys[ku dk;Z fd;k gSA 'ks[kjµ,d thouh] unh osQ }hi] vius&vius
vtuch (miU;kl)] vjs ;k;koj jgsxk ;kn] ,d cw¡n lglk mNyh (;k=kk&o`Ùkkar)]
f=k'kaoqQ] vkReus in (fucaèk)] foiFkxk] ijaijk] dksBjh dh ckr] 'kj.kkFkhZ] t;nksy vkSj
;s rsjs izfr:i (dgkuh laxzg) izeq[k jpuk,¡ gSaA
vKs; izÑfr&izse vkSj ekuo&eu osQ var}±}ksa osQ dfo gSaA mudh dfork esa O;fDr dh Lora=krk
dk vkxzg gS vkSj ckSf¼drk dk foLrkj HkhA mUgksaus 'kCnksa dks u;k vFkZ nsus dk iz;kl djrs gq,] ¯gnh
dkO;&Hkk"kk dk fodkl fd;k gSA mUgsa vusd iqjLdkj feys gSa] ftuesa lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj]
Hkkjr Hkkjrh lEeku vkSj Hkkjrh; KkuihB iqjLdkj izeq[k gSaA
2024-25
vKs;@15
mudh eq[; dkO;&Ñfr;k¡ gSaµHkXunwr] ¯prk] gjh ?kkl ij {k.kHkj] baæèkuq jkSans gq, ;s]
vk¡xu osQ ikj }kj] fdruh ukoksa esa fdruh ckj vkfnA vKs; dh laiw.kZ dforkvksa dk ladyu
lnkuhjk uke ls nks Hkkxksa esa izdkf'kr gqvk gSA
;g nhi vosQyk dfork esa vKs; ,sls nhi dh ckr djrs gSa tks Lusg Hkjk gS] xoZ Hkjk
gS] enekrk Hkh gS ¯drq vosQyk gSA vgadkj dk en gesa viuks ls vyx dj nsrk gSA dfo
dgrk gS fd bl vosQys nhi dks Hkh iafDr esa 'kkfey dj yksA iafDr esa 'kkfey djus ls
ml nhi dh egÙkk ,oa lkFkZdrk c<+ tk,xhA nhi lc oqQN gS] lkjs xq.k ,oa 'kfDr;k¡ mlesa
gSa] mldh O;fDrxr lÙkk Hkh de ugha gS fiQj Hkh iafDr dh rqyuk esa og ,d gS] ,dkdh
gSA nhi dk iafDr ;k lewg esa foy; gh mldh rkdr dk] mldh lÙkk dk lkoZHkkSehdj.k
gS] mlosQ y{; ,oa mís'; dk loZO;kihdj.k gSA Bhd ;gh fLFkfr euq"; dh Hkh gSA O;fDr
lc oqQN gS] loZ'kfDreku gS] loZxq.klaiUu gS fiQj Hkh lekt esa mldk foy;] lekt osQ
lkFk mldh varjaxrk ls lekt e”kcwr gksxk] jk"Vª e”kcwr gksxkA bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls
vKs; us O;fDrxr lÙkk dks lkekftd lÙkk osQ lkFk tksM+us ij cy fn;k gSA nhi dk iafDr
esa foy; O;f"V dk lef"V esa foy; gS vkSj vkRecksèk dk fo'ocksèk esa :ikarj.kA
eS us ns[kk ,d cw¡n dfork esa vKs; us leqnz ls vyx izrhr gksrh cw¡n dh {k.kHkaxqjrk
dks O;k[;kf;r fd;k gSA ;g {k.kHkaxqjrk cw¡n dh gS] leqnz dh ughaA cw¡n {k.kHkj osQ fy, <yrs
lwjt dh vkx ls jax tkrh gSA {k.kHkj dk ;g n`'; ns[kdj dfo dks ,d nk'kZfud rRo Hkh
nh[kus yx tkrk gSA fojkV osQ lEeq[k cw¡n dk leqnz ls vyx fn[kuk u'ojrk osQ
nkx ls] u"V gksus osQ cksèk ls eqfDr dk vglkl gSA bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo
us thou esa {k.k osQ egÙo dks] {k.kHkaxqjrk dks izfr"Bkfir fd;k gSA
2024-25
16@varjk
;g nhi vosQyk
;g nhi vosQyk Lusg Hkjk
gS xoZ Hkjk enekrk] ij bldks Hkh iafDr dks ns nksA
;g tu gSµxkrk xhr ftUgsa fiQj vkSj dkSu xk,xk\
iuMqCckµ;s eksrh lPps fiQj dkSu Ñrh yk,xk\
;g lfeèkkµ,slh vkx gBhyk fcjyk lqyxk,xkA
;g vf}rh;µ;g esjkµ;g eSa Lo;a folftZrµ
;g nhi] vosQyk] Lusg Hkjk
gS xoZ Hkjk enekrk] ij bldks Hkh iafDr dks ns nksA
;g eèkq gSµLo;a dky dh ekSuk dk ;qx&lap;]
;g xksjlµthou&dkeèksuq dk ve`r&iwr i;]
;g vaoqQjµiQksM+ èkjk dks jfo dks rdrk fuHkZ;]
;g izÑr] Lo;aHkw] czã] v;qr% bldks Hkh 'kfDr dks ns nksA
;g nhi] vosQyk] Lusg Hkjk
gS xoZ Hkjk enekrk] ij bldks Hkh iafDr dks ns nksA
;g og fo'okl] ugha tks viuh y?kqrk esa Hkh dk¡ik]
og ihM+k] ftl dh xgjkbZ dks Lo;a mlh us ukik_
oqQRlk] vieku] voKk osQ èkq¡èkqvkrs dM+
q
os re esa
;g lnk&nzfor] fpj&tkx:d] vuqjDr&us=k]
mYyac&ckgq] ;g fpj&v[kaM viukikA
ftKklq] izcq¼] lnk J¼ke;] bldks HkfDr dks ns nksµ
;g nhi] vosQyk] Lusg Hkjk
gS xoZ Hkjk enekrk] ij bldks Hkh iafDr dks ns nksA
2024-25
vKs;@17
eSaus ns[kk] ,d cw¡n
eSaus ns[kk
,d cw¡n lglk
mNyh lkxj osQ >kx ls_
jax xbZ {k.kHkj
<yrs lwjt dh vkx lsA
eq> dks nh[k x;k%
lwus fojkV~ osQ lEeq[k
gj vkyksd&Nqvk viukiu
gS mUekspu
u'ojrk osQ nkx ls!
iz'u&vH;kl
;g nhi vosQyk
1- ^nhi vosQyk* osQ izrhdkFkZ dks Li"V djrs gq, ;g crkb, fd mls dfo us Lusg Hkjk] xoZ Hkjk
,oa enekrk D;ksa dgk gS\
2- ;g nhi vosQyk gS ^ij bldks Hkh iafDr dks ns nks* osQ vkèkkj ij O;f"V dk lef"V esa foy;
D;ksa vkSj oSQls laHko gS\
3- ^xhr* vkSj ^eksrh* dh lkFkZdrk fdlls tqM+h gS\
4- ^;g vf}rh;µ;g esjkµ;g eSa Lo;a folftZr*µiafDr osQ vkèkkj ij O;f"V osQ lef"V esa
foltZu dh mi;ksfxrk crkb,A
5- ^;g eèkq gS 
------------
 rdrk fuHkZ;*µiafDr;ksa osQ vkèkkj ij crkb, fd ^eèkq*] ^xksjl* vkSj
^vaoqQj* dh D;k fo'ks"krk gS\
2024-25
18@varjk
6- Hkko&lkSan;Z Li"V dhft,µ
(d) ^;g izÑr] Lo;aHkw 
------------ 
'kfDr dks ns nksA*
([k) ^;g lnk&nzfor] fpj&tkx:d 
------------
 fpj&v[kaM viukikA*
(x) ^ftKklq] izcq¼] lnk J¼ke;] bldks HkfDr dks ns nksA*
7- ^;g nhi vosQyk* ,d iz;ksxoknh dfork gSA bl dfork osQ vkèkkj ij ^y?kq ekuo* osQ
vfLrRo vkSj egÙo ij izdk'k Mkfy,A
eSaus ns[kk] ,d cw¡n
1- ^lkxj* vkSj ^cw¡n* ls dfo dk D;k vk'k; gS\
2- ^jax xbZ {k.kHkj] <yrs lwjt dh vkx ls*µiafDr osQ vkèkkj ij cw¡n osQ {k.kHkj jaxus dh
lkFkZdrk crkb,A
3- ^lwus fojkV~ osQ lEeq[k 
------------
 nkx ls!*µ iafDr;ksa dk HkkokFkZ Li"V dhft,A
4- ^{k.k osQ egÙo* dks mtkxj djrs gq, dfork dk ewy Hkko fyf[k,A
;ksX;rk&foLrkj
1- vKs; dh dfork,¡ ^unh osQ }hi* o ^gjh ?kkl ij {k.kHkj* if<+, vkSj d{kk dh fHkfÙk if=kdk
ij yxkb,A
2- ^ekuo vkSj lekt* fo"k; ij ifjppkZ dhft,A
3- Hkkjrh; n'kZu esa ^lkxj* vkSj ^cw¡n* dk lanHkZ tkfu,A
'kCnkFkZ vkSj fVIi.kh
;g nhi vosQyk
Ñrh & HkkX;oku] oqQ'ky
iuMqCck & xksrk[kksj] ,d tyi{kh tks ikuh esa Mwc&Mwcdj eNfy;k¡
idM+rk gS
lfeèkk & ;K dh lkexzh
fcjyk & cgqrksa esa ,d
fol£tr & R;kxk gqvk
xksjl & nwèk] ngh
fuHkZ; & Hk; jfgr] fuMj
izÑr & izÑfr ls mRiUu] izÑfr osQ vuq:i] LokHkkfod
Lo;aHkw & czãk] Lo;a iSnk gqvk
v;qr% & 10 g”kkj dh la[;k] vlac¼] i`Fkd
2024-25
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