Natural Vegetation | Geography for UPSC 2024 (Pre & Mains) PDF Download

 Page 1


 
NATURAL VEGETATION  
Natural Vegetation refers to a plant community that has been left 
undisturbed over a long time, so as to allow its individual species to adjust 
themselves to climate and soil conditions as fully as possible.  
FACTORS AFFECTING VEGETATION  
Temperature  
 Rainfall  
Climate 
 Soil  
Topography 
Land 
Photoperiod  
 
VEGETATION IN INDIA 
1) Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen forests  
2) Tropical Deciduous forests  
3) Tropical Thorn forests  
4) Montane forests  
5) Littoral and Swamp forests.  
Page 2


 
NATURAL VEGETATION  
Natural Vegetation refers to a plant community that has been left 
undisturbed over a long time, so as to allow its individual species to adjust 
themselves to climate and soil conditions as fully as possible.  
FACTORS AFFECTING VEGETATION  
Temperature  
 Rainfall  
Climate 
 Soil  
Topography 
Land 
Photoperiod  
 
VEGETATION IN INDIA 
1) Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen forests  
2) Tropical Deciduous forests  
3) Tropical Thorn forests  
4) Montane forests  
5) Littoral and Swamp forests.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 3


 
NATURAL VEGETATION  
Natural Vegetation refers to a plant community that has been left 
undisturbed over a long time, so as to allow its individual species to adjust 
themselves to climate and soil conditions as fully as possible.  
FACTORS AFFECTING VEGETATION  
Temperature  
 Rainfall  
Climate 
 Soil  
Topography 
Land 
Photoperiod  
 
VEGETATION IN INDIA 
1) Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen forests  
2) Tropical Deciduous forests  
3) Tropical Thorn forests  
4) Montane forests  
5) Littoral and Swamp forests.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TYPES OF FORESTS  
TROPICAL EVERGREEN AND SEMI-EVERGREEN FORESTS  
 
These forests are found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of 
the northeastern region and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.  
Page 4


 
NATURAL VEGETATION  
Natural Vegetation refers to a plant community that has been left 
undisturbed over a long time, so as to allow its individual species to adjust 
themselves to climate and soil conditions as fully as possible.  
FACTORS AFFECTING VEGETATION  
Temperature  
 Rainfall  
Climate 
 Soil  
Topography 
Land 
Photoperiod  
 
VEGETATION IN INDIA 
1) Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen forests  
2) Tropical Deciduous forests  
3) Tropical Thorn forests  
4) Montane forests  
5) Littoral and Swamp forests.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TYPES OF FORESTS  
TROPICAL EVERGREEN AND SEMI-EVERGREEN FORESTS  
 
These forests are found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of 
the northeastern region and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.  
 
They are found in warm and humid areas with an annual precipitation of over 
200 cm and mean annual temperature above 22°C.  
There is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves, flowering and fruition. 
As such these forests appear green all the year round.  
Tropical evergreen forests are well stratified. with layers closer to the ground 
and are covered with shrubs and creepers, with short structured trees followed by 
tall variety of trees.  
In these forests, trees reach great heights up to 60 m or above.  
Species found in these forests include rosewood, mahogony, aini, ebony, etc.  
The semi evergreen forests are found in the less rainy parts of these regions. 
Such forests have a mixture of evergreen and moist deciduous trees.  
Main species of semi-evergreen type are white cedar. hollock and kail.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 5


 
NATURAL VEGETATION  
Natural Vegetation refers to a plant community that has been left 
undisturbed over a long time, so as to allow its individual species to adjust 
themselves to climate and soil conditions as fully as possible.  
FACTORS AFFECTING VEGETATION  
Temperature  
 Rainfall  
Climate 
 Soil  
Topography 
Land 
Photoperiod  
 
VEGETATION IN INDIA 
1) Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen forests  
2) Tropical Deciduous forests  
3) Tropical Thorn forests  
4) Montane forests  
5) Littoral and Swamp forests.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TYPES OF FORESTS  
TROPICAL EVERGREEN AND SEMI-EVERGREEN FORESTS  
 
These forests are found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of 
the northeastern region and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.  
 
They are found in warm and humid areas with an annual precipitation of over 
200 cm and mean annual temperature above 22°C.  
There is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves, flowering and fruition. 
As such these forests appear green all the year round.  
Tropical evergreen forests are well stratified. with layers closer to the ground 
and are covered with shrubs and creepers, with short structured trees followed by 
tall variety of trees.  
In these forests, trees reach great heights up to 60 m or above.  
Species found in these forests include rosewood, mahogony, aini, ebony, etc.  
The semi evergreen forests are found in the less rainy parts of these regions. 
Such forests have a mixture of evergreen and moist deciduous trees.  
Main species of semi-evergreen type are white cedar. hollock and kail.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FORESTS  
 
These are the most widespread forests in India.  
They are also called the monsoon forests.  
They spread over regions which receive rainfall between 70-200 cm.  
Trees of this forest-type shed their leaves one a year.