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Page 1 ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? 2021 ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? (Henley Passport Index), 2021 ??? ??????? ???????? ?? 85??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????: ?????? ???????? ???????: z ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??, ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? z ??? ??? ?? ???. ?????????? ??. ????? (????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????) ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? '????????? ??? ??????????? ????????' (International Air Transport Association- IATA) ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??, ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? z ??? ???? 2006 ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? 199 ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????: z ?????? ???? ????: ? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? (1st) ???? ???? ??? ??? ???, ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?? 191 ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? (190 ?? ???? ?? ???) ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? (189 ?? ???? ?? ???) ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????, ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????-??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???, ???? COVID-19 ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? z ?????? ???? ???? ???: ? ???????, ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? 29, 28 ?? 26 ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? z ???? ?? ????????: ? ?? ??????? ??? ???? 58 ?? ???? ?? ??? 85??? ???? ?? ???? ? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? 2020 (84???) ?? ???? 2019 (82???) ??? ????? ??? ??? z ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? 107??? ?? ????? ?? 104??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???: z ????? ????? ????-??-???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ????? (????? ?? ??????) ?? ?-????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??, ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? Page 2 ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? 2021 ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? (Henley Passport Index), 2021 ??? ??????? ???????? ?? 85??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????: ?????? ???????? ???????: z ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??, ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? z ??? ??? ?? ???. ?????????? ??. ????? (????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????) ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? '????????? ??? ??????????? ????????' (International Air Transport Association- IATA) ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??, ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? z ??? ???? 2006 ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? 199 ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????: z ?????? ???? ????: ? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? (1st) ???? ???? ??? ??? ???, ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?? 191 ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? (190 ?? ???? ?? ???) ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? (189 ?? ???? ?? ???) ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????, ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????-??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???, ???? COVID-19 ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? z ?????? ???? ???? ???: ? ???????, ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? 29, 28 ?? 26 ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? z ???? ?? ????????: ? ?? ??????? ??? ???? 58 ?? ???? ?? ??? 85??? ???? ?? ???? ? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? 2020 (84???) ?? ???? 2019 (82???) ??? ????? ??? ??? z ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? 107??? ?? ????? ?? 104??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???: z ????? ????? ????-??-???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ????? (????? ?? ??????) ?? ?-????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??, ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????: ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? 9 MM ????? ????? (9mm Machine Pistol) ?? ?????????? ????, ???? ?? DRDO ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? (DRDO’s Armament Research & Development Establishment- ARDE), ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? z ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??-??????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????: ?????? ?? ??? ‘?????’ (Asmi) ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????, ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????????: z ?? ?????? ??? 9MM ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? z ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? 2 ????????, ??? (Barre) ?? ????? 8 ??? ?? ??????? (Magazine) ?? ?????? 33 ?????? ??? z ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? (Carbon Fibre) ?? ??? ??? z ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ??? 3???? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????: z ???? ??????? ???????, ???????, ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????-????? ?? ?????, ?????? ??????? ? ???????-????? ???????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????: z ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? 50 ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????????? 15 ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? z ?? ???? ???? ???? 73??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????: z 15 ??????, 1949 ?? ????? ?????? ??.??. ??????? (?? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ??) ?? ????? ?????? ???????-??-???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???????-??-???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??.??. ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? z ??.??. ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????, ????? ???? ?? ‘???? ?? ????’ (Victory of India)? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ???, ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????: z ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??, ???????? ???????? ????, ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? z ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????: z ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??? '?????? ??????? ????' ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? Page 3 ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? 2021 ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? (Henley Passport Index), 2021 ??? ??????? ???????? ?? 85??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????: ?????? ???????? ???????: z ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??, ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? z ??? ??? ?? ???. ?????????? ??. ????? (????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????) ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? '????????? ??? ??????????? ????????' (International Air Transport Association- IATA) ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??, ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? z ??? ???? 2006 ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? 199 ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????: z ?????? ???? ????: ? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? (1st) ???? ???? ??? ??? ???, ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?? 191 ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? (190 ?? ???? ?? ???) ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? (189 ?? ???? ?? ???) ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????, ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????-??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???, ???? COVID-19 ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? z ?????? ???? ???? ???: ? ???????, ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? 29, 28 ?? 26 ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? z ???? ?? ????????: ? ?? ??????? ??? ???? 58 ?? ???? ?? ??? 85??? ???? ?? ???? ? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? 2020 (84???) ?? ???? 2019 (82???) ??? ????? ??? ??? z ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? 107??? ?? ????? ?? 104??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???: z ????? ????? ????-??-???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ????? (????? ?? ??????) ?? ?-????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??, ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????: ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? 9 MM ????? ????? (9mm Machine Pistol) ?? ?????????? ????, ???? ?? DRDO ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? (DRDO’s Armament Research & Development Establishment- ARDE), ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? z ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??-??????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????: ?????? ?? ??? ‘?????’ (Asmi) ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????, ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????????: z ?? ?????? ??? 9MM ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? z ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? 2 ????????, ??? (Barre) ?? ????? 8 ??? ?? ??????? (Magazine) ?? ?????? 33 ?????? ??? z ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? (Carbon Fibre) ?? ??? ??? z ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ??? 3???? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????: z ???? ??????? ???????, ???????, ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????-????? ?? ?????, ?????? ??????? ? ???????-????? ???????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????: z ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? 50 ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????????? 15 ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? z ?? ???? ???? ???? 73??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????: z 15 ??????, 1949 ?? ????? ?????? ??.??. ??????? (?? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ??) ?? ????? ?????? ???????-??-???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???????-??-???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??.??. ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? z ??.??. ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????, ????? ???? ?? ‘???? ?? ????’ (Victory of India)? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ???, ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????: z ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??, ???????? ???????? ????, ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? z ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????: z ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??? '?????? ??????? ????' ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? z ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? 126 ??? ???? ???????? ????? 1 ??????, 1895 ?? ?? ?? ???? z ????? ???? ???? ??????? 2021 (Global Fire Power Index 2021) ?? ??????, ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ????? ???? ???? ???????: ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? 50 ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??, ?????? ???? ??????, ????????? ??????, ??????, ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ?? 15 ??????, 2021 ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ‘?????????? ????’ (Thiruvalluvar Day ) ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????: ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ???: z ?? ????? ??? 17-18 ?? ?? ???? 1935 ??? ????? ??? ??? z ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? 15 ?? 16 ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ???: z ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??, ?? ???? ???-??? ??? ? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????-????? ?? ?????-????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??????? ?????? (Dravidian Groups) ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? '?????' (Tirukkural or ‘Kural') ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??- ? ????- Aram (?????- Virtue)? ? ?????- Porul (????? ?? ????)? ? ????- Kamam (?????)? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????: z ???? 2009 ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ? ?????????? ?? 133 ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? z ?????? 2002 ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? z ???? 1976 ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????-????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??? z 16??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????-???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????-????? ?????? ??????? (Nagi-Nakti Bird Sanctuary) ??? ???? ????-?????? ?????? ???? '????' (Kalrav) ?? ????? ???? ???? z ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? Page 4 ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? 2021 ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? (Henley Passport Index), 2021 ??? ??????? ???????? ?? 85??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????: ?????? ???????? ???????: z ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??, ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? z ??? ??? ?? ???. ?????????? ??. ????? (????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????) ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? '????????? ??? ??????????? ????????' (International Air Transport Association- IATA) ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??, ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? z ??? ???? 2006 ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? 199 ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????: z ?????? ???? ????: ? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? (1st) ???? ???? ??? ??? ???, ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?? 191 ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? (190 ?? ???? ?? ???) ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? (189 ?? ???? ?? ???) ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????, ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????-??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???, ???? COVID-19 ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? z ?????? ???? ???? ???: ? ???????, ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? 29, 28 ?? 26 ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? z ???? ?? ????????: ? ?? ??????? ??? ???? 58 ?? ???? ?? ??? 85??? ???? ?? ???? ? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? 2020 (84???) ?? ???? 2019 (82???) ??? ????? ??? ??? z ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? 107??? ?? ????? ?? 104??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???: z ????? ????? ????-??-???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ????? (????? ?? ??????) ?? ?-????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??, ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????: ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? 9 MM ????? ????? (9mm Machine Pistol) ?? ?????????? ????, ???? ?? DRDO ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? (DRDO’s Armament Research & Development Establishment- ARDE), ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? z ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??-??????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????: ?????? ?? ??? ‘?????’ (Asmi) ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????, ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????????: z ?? ?????? ??? 9MM ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? z ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? 2 ????????, ??? (Barre) ?? ????? 8 ??? ?? ??????? (Magazine) ?? ?????? 33 ?????? ??? z ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? (Carbon Fibre) ?? ??? ??? z ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ??? 3???? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????: z ???? ??????? ???????, ???????, ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????-????? ?? ?????, ?????? ??????? ? ???????-????? ???????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????: z ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? 50 ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????????? 15 ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? z ?? ???? ???? ???? 73??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????: z 15 ??????, 1949 ?? ????? ?????? ??.??. ??????? (?? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ??) ?? ????? ?????? ???????-??-???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???????-??-???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??.??. ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? z ??.??. ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????, ????? ???? ?? ‘???? ?? ????’ (Victory of India)? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ???, ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????: z ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??, ???????? ???????? ????, ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? z ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????: z ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??? '?????? ??????? ????' ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? z ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? 126 ??? ???? ???????? ????? 1 ??????, 1895 ?? ?? ?? ???? z ????? ???? ???? ??????? 2021 (Global Fire Power Index 2021) ?? ??????, ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ????? ???? ???? ???????: ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? 50 ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??, ?????? ???? ??????, ????????? ??????, ??????, ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ?? 15 ??????, 2021 ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ‘?????????? ????’ (Thiruvalluvar Day ) ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????: ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ???: z ?? ????? ??? 17-18 ?? ?? ???? 1935 ??? ????? ??? ??? z ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? 15 ?? 16 ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ???: z ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??, ?? ???? ???-??? ??? ? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????-????? ?? ?????-????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??????? ?????? (Dravidian Groups) ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? '?????' (Tirukkural or ‘Kural') ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??- ? ????- Aram (?????- Virtue)? ? ?????- Porul (????? ?? ????)? ? ????- Kamam (?????)? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????: z ???? 2009 ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ? ?????????? ?? 133 ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? z ?????? 2002 ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? z ???? 1976 ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????-????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??? z 16??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????-???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????-????? ?????? ??????? (Nagi-Nakti Bird Sanctuary) ??? ???? ????-?????? ?????? ???? '????' (Kalrav) ?? ????? ???? ???? z ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????: ??????? ?? ????? ???: z ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??-????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? z ?????-????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??, ?? ????????, ??? ?????, ??????? ?????, ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???: z ?? ????????? ??? ???????? ?? 136 ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ??? z ???-??????? ????: ???????? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????, ???? 1,600 ???-??????? ???? (Bar-headed Geese), ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? 3% ???, ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? z ???-??????? ????: ? ???????? ?????????, ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ???-???????? ????? ??? ? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??, ?? ????????, ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ?????? ??????: ??????? ?????? (Indian Courser), ??????? ?????????? (Sandgrouse), ????-?????? ??????? (Yellow-wattled Lapwing) ?? ??????? ????? (Robin)? z ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????: ???? ?????; ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????; ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????: z ???? ???? ?????? ???????, ??? z ???? ???? ?????? ?????, ???????? z ???????? ????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ???? ????? UAV ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????????? (Idea Forge) ?? ??? 20 ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ‘??? ?????????? ??????’ (High-Altitude Drones) ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? z ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????-????? (IIT-B) ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????-?? ??? z ?? ?????? ‘????? ??????’ (SWITCH UAV) ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??, ?? ??????: ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????: ?????? ?? ????: z ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????????????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? z ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????-?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? z ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? Page 5 ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? 2021 ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? (Henley Passport Index), 2021 ??? ??????? ???????? ?? 85??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????: ?????? ???????? ???????: z ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??, ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? z ??? ??? ?? ???. ?????????? ??. ????? (????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????) ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? '????????? ??? ??????????? ????????' (International Air Transport Association- IATA) ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??, ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? z ??? ???? 2006 ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? 199 ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????: z ?????? ???? ????: ? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? (1st) ???? ???? ??? ??? ???, ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?? 191 ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? (190 ?? ???? ?? ???) ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? (189 ?? ???? ?? ???) ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????, ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????-??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???, ???? COVID-19 ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? z ?????? ???? ???? ???: ? ???????, ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? 29, 28 ?? 26 ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? z ???? ?? ????????: ? ?? ??????? ??? ???? 58 ?? ???? ?? ??? 85??? ???? ?? ???? ? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? 2020 (84???) ?? ???? 2019 (82???) ??? ????? ??? ??? z ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????: ? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? 107??? ?? ????? ?? 104??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???: z ????? ????? ????-??-???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ????? (????? ?? ??????) ?? ?-????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??, ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????: ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? 9 MM ????? ????? (9mm Machine Pistol) ?? ?????????? ????, ???? ?? DRDO ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? (DRDO’s Armament Research & Development Establishment- ARDE), ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? z ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??-??????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????: ?????? ?? ??? ‘?????’ (Asmi) ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????, ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????????: z ?? ?????? ??? 9MM ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? z ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? 2 ????????, ??? (Barre) ?? ????? 8 ??? ?? ??????? (Magazine) ?? ?????? 33 ?????? ??? z ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? (Carbon Fibre) ?? ??? ??? z ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ??? 3???? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????: z ???? ??????? ???????, ???????, ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????-????? ?? ?????, ?????? ??????? ? ???????-????? ???????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????: z ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? 50 ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????????? 15 ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? z ?? ???? ???? ???? 73??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????: z 15 ??????, 1949 ?? ????? ?????? ??.??. ??????? (?? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ??) ?? ????? ?????? ???????-??-???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???????-??-???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??.??. ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? z ??.??. ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????, ????? ???? ?? ‘???? ?? ????’ (Victory of India)? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ???, ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????: z ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??, ???????? ???????? ????, ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? z ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????: z ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??? '?????? ??????? ????' ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? z ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? 126 ??? ???? ???????? ????? 1 ??????, 1895 ?? ?? ?? ???? z ????? ???? ???? ??????? 2021 (Global Fire Power Index 2021) ?? ??????, ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ????? ???? ???? ???????: ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? 50 ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??, ?????? ???? ??????, ????????? ??????, ??????, ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ?? 15 ??????, 2021 ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ‘?????????? ????’ (Thiruvalluvar Day ) ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????: ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ???: z ?? ????? ??? 17-18 ?? ?? ???? 1935 ??? ????? ??? ??? z ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? 15 ?? 16 ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ???: z ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??, ?? ???? ???-??? ??? ? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????-????? ?? ?????-????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??????? ?????? (Dravidian Groups) ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? '?????' (Tirukkural or ‘Kural') ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??- ? ????- Aram (?????- Virtue)? ? ?????- Porul (????? ?? ????)? ? ????- Kamam (?????)? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????: z ???? 2009 ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ? ?????????? ?? 133 ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? z ?????? 2002 ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? z ???? 1976 ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????-????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??? z 16??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????-???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????-????? ?????? ??????? (Nagi-Nakti Bird Sanctuary) ??? ???? ????-?????? ?????? ???? '????' (Kalrav) ?? ????? ???? ???? z ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????: ??????? ?? ????? ???: z ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??-????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? z ?????-????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??, ?? ????????, ??? ?????, ??????? ?????, ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???: z ?? ????????? ??? ???????? ?? 136 ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ??? z ???-??????? ????: ???????? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????, ???? 1,600 ???-??????? ???? (Bar-headed Geese), ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? 3% ???, ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? z ???-??????? ????: ? ???????? ?????????, ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ???-???????? ????? ??? ? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??, ?? ????????, ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ?????? ??????: ??????? ?????? (Indian Courser), ??????? ?????????? (Sandgrouse), ????-?????? ??????? (Yellow-wattled Lapwing) ?? ??????? ????? (Robin)? z ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????: ???? ?????; ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????; ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????: z ???? ???? ?????? ???????, ??? z ???? ???? ?????? ?????, ???????? z ???????? ????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ???? ????? UAV ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????????? (Idea Forge) ?? ??? 20 ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ‘??? ?????????? ??????’ (High-Altitude Drones) ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? z ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????-????? (IIT-B) ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????-?? ??? z ?? ?????? ‘????? ??????’ (SWITCH UAV) ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??, ?? ??????: ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????: ?????? ?? ????: z ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????????????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? z ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????-?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? z ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? UAV ?? ?????: z ???? ?? SWITCH UAV ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???-?? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ??????-???? ???????? ( Fixed-Wing Hybrid ) ???????? ???? ???? (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle- UAV) ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ???: ? 15 ?????. ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ???? 2.6 ????? ???? ?? 1.8 ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? 6.5 ???????? ?? ?? ??? ? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????????? ? ???? ????? ??????, ???????? ?? ????? (Surveillance and Reconnaissance- ISR) ???? ???? ???-??? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ?????????????? (Photogrammetry) ??? ?????: ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????????, ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? z ??? ?????????: ????? ?? ????????, ???? ???????, ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?????: ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????????? ????? (???????) ??? ?? ???? ‘????? ??????’ ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????: z ????????: ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? z ??? ?? ????: ? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??: ??? (????) ?? ??????????? (???) ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? z ??????: ? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????: z ???? ?????? ????????: ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??, ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? z ????? ??????: ? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? (????) ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???, ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? z ?? ????? ????????: ? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ???, ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??-????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??? z ??? ?? ??????? ?????: ? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??, ????- ?????? ?? ????? (???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????)?Read More
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2325 docs|814 tests
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FAQs on Monthly Current Affairs Collection (मासिक करेंट अफेयर्स संग्रह): January 2021 UPSC Current Affairs - Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly
| 1. जनवरी 2021 में कौन-कौन से महत्वपूर्ण घटनाएं हुईं? |  |
उत्तर: जनवरी 2021 में कई महत्वपूर्ण घटनाएं हुईं। कुछ महत्वपूर्ण घटनाओं में संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद की सदस्यता में भारत का चयन, बाइडेन जीते अमेरिका के राष्ट्रपति पद के लिए, ऐपल ने डीएनए संग्रह की शुरुआत की और प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने नर्मदा दम का निर्माण पूरा किया।
| 2. क्या जनवरी 2021 में UPSC परीक्षा की तैयारी करने के लिए कुछ महत्वपूर्ण मुद्दे हुए? | |
उत्तर: हाँ, जनवरी 2021 में UPSC परीक्षा की तैयारी करने के लिए कुछ महत्वपूर्ण मुद्दे हुए। कुछ महत्वपूर्ण मुद्दों में संविधान परिवर्तन, राष्ट्रीय आपदा प्रबंधन नीति, विदेशी नीति और विकास, महिला सशक्तिकरण कार्यक्रम, और विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी के विकास शामिल हैं।
| 3. जनवरी 2021 में विश्व शांति संगठन के कार्यकर्ताओं की नियुक्ति की जाने वाली सम्भावित तारीख क्या थी? | |
उत्तर: जनवरी 2021 में विश्व शांति संगठन के कार्यकर्ताओं की नियुक्ति की जाने वाली सम्भावित तारीख 10 जनवरी थी।
| 4. जनवरी 2021 में बाइडेन जीते अमेरिका के राष्ट्रपति पद की तारीख क्या थी? | |
उत्तर: जनवरी 2021 में बाइडेन जीते अमेरिका के राष्ट्रपति पद की तारीख 20 जनवरी थी।
| 5. जनवरी 2021 में नर्मदा दम का निर्माण पूरा हुआ था, इसकी आधिकारिक घोषणा कब हुई? | |
उत्तर: जनवरी 2021 में नर्मदा दम का निर्माण पूरा हुआ था और इसकी आधिकारिक घोषणा 30 जनवरी को हुई।
Related Exams
About this Document
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Dec 25, 2024 Last updated |
Document Description: Monthly Current Affairs Collection (मासिक करेंट अफेयर्स संग्रह): January 2021 UPSC Current Affairs for UPSC 2024 is part of Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly preparation.
The notes and questions for Monthly Current Affairs Collection (मासिक करेंट अफेयर्स संग्रह): January 2021 UPSC Current Affairs have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Monthly Current Affairs Collection (मासिक करेंट अफेयर्स संग्रह): January 2021 UPSC Current Affairs covers topics
like and Monthly Current Affairs Collection (मासिक करेंट अफेयर्स संग्रह): January 2021 UPSC Current Affairs Example, for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Monthly Current Affairs Collection (मासिक करेंट अफेयर्स संग्रह): January 2021 UPSC Current Affairs.
Introduction of Monthly Current Affairs Collection (मासिक करेंट अफेयर्स संग्रह): January 2021 UPSC Current Affairs in English is available as part of our Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly
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