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Page 1
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???? ?? ?????? ???? : ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????
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?????? ????? ( United Nations- UN) ????? ???? ??????? ‘????? ???? ????????????: ?? ??????? ????? ????’ (Ageing
Water Infrastructure: An Emerging Global Risk) ?? ??????, ???? ??? 1,000 ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? 2025 ???
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?? ?????? ( Dam Decommissioning or Ageing Case Studies) ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???
?????? ?????:
??????? ???????:
z ?????? ??? ?? 58,700 ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? 1930 ?? ???? 1970 ?? ??? 50 ?? 100 ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????
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z ?? ?? 5,200 ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? 1,100 ???? 50 ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? 120 ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??
???? ????
? ???? 2050 ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? 4,400 ?? ??????
z ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? 80% ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? 50- 150 ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???????
z ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? (Shelf Life) ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??
???
z ??????: ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? 1931 ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? 90 ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? 1934 ??? ????????
???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 87 ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????
????
Page 2
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???? ?? ?????? ???? : ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????
????? ??? ?????
?????? ????? ( United Nations- UN) ????? ???? ??????? ‘????? ???? ????????????: ?? ??????? ????? ????’ (Ageing
Water Infrastructure: An Emerging Global Risk) ?? ??????, ???? ??? 1,000 ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? 2025 ???
???? 50 ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????
z ????? ???? ????????? ??? ????, ??????????? ??? ???? (Institute For Water, Environment and Health)
????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? (20??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????) ???? ??
????? ??? ???? ??, ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? 2025 ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????
z ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????, ??????, ?????, ????, ?????, ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???
?? ?????? ( Dam Decommissioning or Ageing Case Studies) ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???
?????? ?????:
??????? ???????:
z ?????? ??? ?? 58,700 ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? 1930 ?? ???? 1970 ?? ??? 50 ?? 100 ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????
??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???
z ???? 2050 ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? 20??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????/???? (Downstream) ?????? ??? ?? ???
?????, ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????
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?? ???? ?? ????
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?????? ???????:
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???? ????
? ???? 2050 ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? 4,400 ?? ??????
z ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? 80% ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? 50- 150 ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???????
z ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? (Shelf Life) ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??
???
z ??????: ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? 1931 ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? 90 ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? 1934 ??? ????????
???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 87 ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????
????
?????:
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z ??????????? ??????:
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??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????
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? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? (Dam Rehabilitation and
Improvement Project- DRIP) ?? ??? II ?? ??? III ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???
? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? 736 ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????, 2019
(Dam Safety Bill, 2019) ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???
??? ?? ???:
z ???? 2050 ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? 21??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????
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Page 3
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???? ?? ?????? ???? : ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????
????? ??? ?????
?????? ????? ( United Nations- UN) ????? ???? ??????? ‘????? ???? ????????????: ?? ??????? ????? ????’ (Ageing
Water Infrastructure: An Emerging Global Risk) ?? ??????, ???? ??? 1,000 ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? 2025 ???
???? 50 ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????
z ????? ???? ????????? ??? ????, ??????????? ??? ???? (Institute For Water, Environment and Health)
????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? (20??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????) ???? ??
????? ??? ???? ??, ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? 2025 ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????
z ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????, ??????, ?????, ????, ?????, ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???
?? ?????? ( Dam Decommissioning or Ageing Case Studies) ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???
?????? ?????:
??????? ???????:
z ?????? ??? ?? 58,700 ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? 1930 ?? ???? 1970 ?? ??? 50 ?? 100 ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????
??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???
z ???? 2050 ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? 20??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????/???? (Downstream) ?????? ??? ?? ???
?????, ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????
? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? 50 ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???
z ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???- ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????, ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????, ?????
?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????
?? ???? ?? ????
z 32,716 ??? ???? (???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? 55%) ????? ??? ?????? ????? (???, ????, ????? ?? ????? ??????) ??? ???, ?????? ??
??????? ????? ?? 50 ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????
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?????? ???????:
z ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???
z ?? ?? 5,200 ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? 1,100 ???? 50 ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? 120 ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??
???? ????
? ???? 2050 ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? 4,400 ?? ??????
z ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? 80% ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? 50- 150 ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???????
z ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? (Shelf Life) ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??
???
z ??????: ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? 1931 ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? 90 ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? 1934 ??? ????????
???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 87 ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????
????
?????:
z ?????? ????? ??? ???:
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?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? 1900 ?? 1950 ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???
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z ??????????? ??????:
? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???
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??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???
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? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? 2020 ??? ????, ???? 2018 ??? ???? ?? ???? 2015
??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????
z ???? ?? ???:
? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? (Dam Rehabilitation and
Improvement Project- DRIP) ?? ??? II ?? ??? III ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???
? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? 736 ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????, 2019
(Dam Safety Bill, 2019) ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???
??? ?? ???:
z ???? 2050 ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? 21??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????
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Page 4
????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???????
???? ?? ?????? ???? : ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????
????? ??? ?????
?????? ????? ( United Nations- UN) ????? ???? ??????? ‘????? ???? ????????????: ?? ??????? ????? ????’ (Ageing
Water Infrastructure: An Emerging Global Risk) ?? ??????, ???? ??? 1,000 ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? 2025 ???
???? 50 ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????
z ????? ???? ????????? ??? ????, ??????????? ??? ???? (Institute For Water, Environment and Health)
????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? (20??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????) ???? ??
????? ??? ???? ??, ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? 2025 ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????
z ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????, ??????, ?????, ????, ?????, ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???
?? ?????? ( Dam Decommissioning or Ageing Case Studies) ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???
?????? ?????:
??????? ???????:
z ?????? ??? ?? 58,700 ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? 1930 ?? ???? 1970 ?? ??? 50 ?? 100 ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????
??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???
z ???? 2050 ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? 20??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????/???? (Downstream) ?????? ??? ?? ???
?????, ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????
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???? ????
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z ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? 80% ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? 50- 150 ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???????
z ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? (Shelf Life) ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??
???
z ??????: ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? 1931 ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? 90 ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? 1934 ??? ????????
???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 87 ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????
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? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????, ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????????
???? ???
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??? ???? ?????
z ??? ?? ?????????:
? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???
? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? 2020 ??? ????, ???? 2018 ??? ???? ?? ???? 2015
??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????
z ???? ?? ???:
? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? (Dam Rehabilitation and
Improvement Project- DRIP) ?? ??? II ?? ??? III ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???
? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? 736 ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????, 2019
(Dam Safety Bill, 2019) ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???
??? ?? ???:
z ???? 2050 ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? 21??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????
??: ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????, ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???-??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ? ???? ?????
??? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???
z ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?????
???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???
z ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????????
???? ???? ???????
z ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???-??? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ????????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???
???
????????? ??? ???? ???
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????-???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??
???? ??? (Flash Flood) ?? ???? ???? ??, ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???
z ????????? ??? ??? 2013 ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???-??? ?? ???? ?? ???
?????? ?????
????????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????:
z ?? ???? ??? ???? (Rishi Ganga) ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??, ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????
????? ?? ???
? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ???
?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????:
z ??? ???? ???? ????????:
? ?? 130MW ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ???
z ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????:
? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? 520 ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???
z ?????-?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????
???? ???:
z ???? ??? ?? ???? ???:
? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???
? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??, ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??
???? ???? ???
? ???? ???, ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???
z ????:
? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????, ?????, ???????????? ?????, ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???
? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??/?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????
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????, ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????
???????
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? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????????
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?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???
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z ??????? ?? ???:
? ??????? ???:
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?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???
? ???:
? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??, ?????
????? ???????? ??? ??? ? ???? ???
??????? ???????? ?? ??????:
z ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??, ????? ????????, ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??
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?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???
?????????
???????:
z ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? (Vasudhara Tal) ?? ???? ???
?????????:
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?????, ???????? ?? ??????? ????
? ????????, ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???
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???????? ??? ?? ????? ???
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????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???
Page 5
????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???????
???? ?? ?????? ???? : ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????
????? ??? ?????
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???? 50 ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????
z ????? ???? ????????? ??? ????, ??????????? ??? ???? (Institute For Water, Environment and Health)
????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? (20??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????) ???? ??
????? ??? ???? ??, ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? 2025 ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????
z ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????, ??????, ?????, ????, ?????, ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???
?? ?????? ( Dam Decommissioning or Ageing Case Studies) ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???
?????? ?????:
??????? ???????:
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??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???
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?????, ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????
? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? 50 ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???
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?? ???? ?? ????
z 32,716 ??? ???? (???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? 55%) ????? ??? ?????? ????? (???, ????, ????? ?? ????? ??????) ??? ???, ?????? ??
??????? ????? ?? 50 ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????
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?????? ???????:
z ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???
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???? ????
? ???? 2050 ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? 4,400 ?? ??????
z ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? 80% ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? 50- 150 ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???????
z ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? (Shelf Life) ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??
???
z ??????: ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? 1931 ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? 90 ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? 1934 ??? ????????
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????
?????:
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z ??????????? ??????:
? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???
? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? (Sedimentation Science) ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??
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??????:
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?? ???? ??, ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???
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? ???? ??? ?? ‘???? (????) ???? ??? ??????’ ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??, ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??
???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???
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? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????, ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????????
???? ???
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??? ???? ?????
z ??? ?? ?????????:
? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???
? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? 2020 ??? ????, ???? 2018 ??? ???? ?? ???? 2015
??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????
z ???? ?? ???:
? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? (Dam Rehabilitation and
Improvement Project- DRIP) ?? ??? II ?? ??? III ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???
? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? 736 ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????, 2019
(Dam Safety Bill, 2019) ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???
??? ?? ???:
z ???? 2050 ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? 21??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????
??: ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????, ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???-??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ? ???? ?????
??? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???
z ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?????
???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???
z ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????????
???? ???? ???????
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???
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???? ??? (Flash Flood) ?? ???? ???? ??, ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???
z ????????? ??? ??? 2013 ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???-??? ?? ???? ?? ???
?????? ?????
????????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????:
z ?? ???? ??? ???? (Rishi Ganga) ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??, ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????
????? ?? ???
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?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????:
z ??? ???? ???? ????????:
? ?? 130MW ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ???
z ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????:
? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? 520 ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???
z ?????-?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????
???? ???:
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???? ???? ???
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? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????, ?????, ???????????? ?????, ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???
? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??/?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????
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????, ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????
???????
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? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????????
???? ????
? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????
? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? 10% ????? ?? ??? ???? ????
? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? (?????? ???????) ?? ????????? ??????? (??? ????)
?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???
? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??, ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????
z ??????? ?? ???:
? ??????? ???:
? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??, ?????? ?????????? ??? (Proglacial Lake) ??? ????
?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???
? ???:
? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??, ?????
????? ???????? ??? ??? ? ???? ???
??????? ???????? ?? ??????:
z ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??, ????? ????????, ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??
???
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?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???
?????????
???????:
z ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? (Vasudhara Tal) ?? ???? ???
?????????:
z ???????? (Dhauliganga), ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??, ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????????,
?????, ???????? ?? ??????? ????
? ????????, ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???
z ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???
? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?????, ????, ?????????, ?????????? ?? ???? ?????-????? ?? ?? ???? ??
???????? ??? ?? ????? ???
? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???
z ???????, ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????, ??????? ????
????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???
???? ???? ??????? ?????
????????:
z ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? 7,817 ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???
???? ???? ??????? ?????:
z ?????? ??? ???????? ???????, ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???
??????:
z ?? ?????? ?? ???? 1982 ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??, ????? ??? ??? ???? ???
???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????
z ??? ???? 1988 ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????
?? ????? ?? ?????????:
z ???? ???? 312 ?????? ?? ?????????? (?????? 17 ?????? ?????????? ????? ???) ?? ??????, ?????, ???????????, ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????
????
????-?????:
z ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????, ??? ??????, ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???-???? ??? ???? ????
????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??, ????? ?????? ?????? ???
????? ????? (Sadiya Earthquake) ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????
???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???
z ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??????-?????? ????? ??? (Tuting-Tidding Suture Zone) ?? ??? ??, ????
?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????-????? ???? ?? ????? ???
?????? ?????
z ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? (Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology- WIHG) ?? ?????????? ?? ???????
?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? 1697 ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????
?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????
? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????????? ????? (Department of Science and Technology- DST) ?? ???
WIHG ?? ??????? ?????? ???
z ?????????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???-??? ?????? ?? ??????? (????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????-????? ???
???? 145 ????. ??? ????) ??? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????
?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???
? ??-????? (Aggradation) ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???
???? ???? ???
? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???
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Document Description: Geography and Disaster Management (भूगोल एवं आपदा प्रबंधन): February 2021 UPSC Current Affairs for UPSC 2024 is part of Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly preparation.
The notes and questions for Geography and Disaster Management (भूगोल एवं आपदा प्रबंधन): February 2021 UPSC Current Affairs have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Geography and Disaster Management (भूगोल एवं आपदा प्रबंधन): February 2021 UPSC Current Affairs covers topics
like and Geography and Disaster Management (भूगोल एवं आपदा प्रबंधन): February 2021 UPSC Current Affairs Example, for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Geography and Disaster Management (भूगोल एवं आपदा प्रबंधन): February 2021 UPSC Current Affairs.
Introduction of Geography and Disaster Management (भूगोल एवं आपदा प्रबंधन): February 2021 UPSC Current Affairs in English is available as part of our Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly
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Information about Geography and Disaster Management (भूगोल एवं आपदा प्रबंधन): February 2021 UPSC Current Affairs
In this doc you can find the meaning of Geography and Disaster Management (भूगोल एवं आपदा प्रबंधन): February 2021 UPSC Current Affairs defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides explaining types of
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,Geography and Disaster Management (भूगोल एवं आपदा प्रबंधन): February 2021 UPSC Current Affairs | Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily
,Geography and Disaster Management (भूगोल एवं आपदा प्रबंधन): February 2021 UPSC Current Affairs | Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily
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Additional Information about Geography and Disaster Management (भूगोल एवं आपदा प्रबंधन): February 2021 UPSC Current Affairs for UPSC Preparation
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