UPSC Exam > UPSC Notes > Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly > Social Justice (सामाजिक न्याय): February 2021 UPSC Current Affairs
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Page 1
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??? ????? ???? (????)
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??????? ???? 2021-22 ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????-6 (SDG-6) ?? ??????, ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????
??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? (????) ?????
?? ????? ?? ?? ???
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?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? 55 ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???
?????? ?????:
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? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ‘?????, ????? ?? ?????’ (IEC) ?????? ?? ??????? ????
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? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??, ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?? ???
z ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????:
? ????? ??? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????, ??????? ?? ?? ???: ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????
??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? (Peyjal Survekshan) ?? ????? ???? ??????
z ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???:
? ???-????? ?? (Non-Revenue Water) ?? 20% ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????
Page 2
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??? ????? ???? (????)
????? ??? ?????
??????? ???? 2021-22 ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????-6 (SDG-6) ?? ??????, ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????
??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? (????) ?????
?? ????? ?? ?? ???
z ?? ?? ???? ???? (??????) ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? 2024 ?? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? (FHTC) ?? ????? ?? ???
?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? 55 ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???
?????? ?????:
??? ????? ???? (????) ?? ??????:
z ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? :
? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? 2.68 ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????
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? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ‘?????, ????? ?? ?????’ (IEC) ?????? ?? ??????? ????
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z ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????:
? ????? ??? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????, ??????? ?? ?? ???: ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????
??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? (Peyjal Survekshan) ?? ????? ???? ??????
z ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???:
? ???-????? ?? (Non-Revenue Water) ?? 20% ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????
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???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? NRW ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????
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? ?????????-???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? 10 ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????
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z ?????????:
? ?????????? ???????? ??? 100% ??????? ??????????
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???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????:
z ????? ???? ????-???? (SBM-U)
z ???????????? ???? ????? (????)
z ???? ???? (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation -AMRUT)
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z ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???
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Page 3
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????? ??? ?????
??????? ???? 2021-22 ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????-6 (SDG-6) ?? ??????, ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????
??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? (????) ?????
?? ????? ?? ?? ???
z ?? ?? ???? ???? (??????) ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? 2024 ?? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? (FHTC) ?? ????? ?? ???
?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? 55 ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???
?????? ?????:
??? ????? ???? (????) ?? ??????:
z ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? :
? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? 2.68 ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????
? 500 ???? ????? ??? 2.64 ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????/?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????
z ?? ??????? ?? ????????? :
? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??
?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? (Sponge city) ?? ??????? ?????
? ???? ???? (Sponge city) ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????
???????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???
z ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????:
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? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ‘?????, ????? ?? ?????’ (IEC) ?????? ?? ??????? ????
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z ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????:
? ????? ??? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????, ??????? ?? ?? ???: ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????
??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? (Peyjal Survekshan) ?? ????? ???? ??????
z ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???:
? ???-????? ?? (Non-Revenue Water) ?? 20% ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????
? ???-????? ??, ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ?????
???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? NRW ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????
?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????
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?? ?????????
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? ?? ??????? ?? ??????????
z ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????:
? ?????????-???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? 10 ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????
?? ?????? 10% ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???
z ?????????:
? ?????????? ???????? ??? 100% ??????? ??????????
? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? 90% ?? ????????? ????? ????? ??????
? 1 ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? 50%, 1 ??? ?? 10 ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??-
????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? 25% ??????? ????????? ???? ??????
? ?????? ?????? ?????????:
? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? (20:40:40) ??? ???? ??????
? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????
???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????:
z ????? ???? ????-???? (SBM-U)
z ???????????? ???? ????? (????)
z ???? ???? (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation -AMRUT)
z ?????? ???? ???? (Smart City Mission)
????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? (Supreme Court) ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? "???? ?????? ???"
(Uniform Minimum Age) ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????
???? ???
z ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???
?????? ?????
z ???? ?? ???? ???????? (Chief Justice of India) ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? "??????? ?????? ????, ?????? ?????? ??
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?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ???
? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???-??? ??? ????? ???????? (???????? 14, ???????? 15 ?? ???????? 21) ???
??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? (Convention on the Elimination of
All Forms of Discrimination Against Women–CEDAW) ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ???
???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????:
z ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????, 1955 (Hindu Marriage Act, 1955) ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? 18 ????
?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? 21 ???? ????????? ???? ???
? ??????? ??? ????? ???-?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???
z ????? ??? ???? (Puberty ) ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???
z ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? (Age of Consent) ?? ????? ????? ??????? (Special
Marriage Act, 1954), 1954 ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? (Prohibition of Child Marriage Act), 2006
????? ?? ????? 18 ?? 21 ???? ????????? ???? ??? ???
???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????:
z ???????-?????? ?????????: ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??:
? ???? ????? ?? (Maternal Mortality Ratio) ?? ?? ???? ????
? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????
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?? ??????? ?? ???? ???
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z ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??
???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????
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z ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??: ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???
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???????
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????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??, ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????, ?????, ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???????
????? ???????
z ????-???? ????? ????? ?? ????????: ????-???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????-???? ?????
?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????
? ??????? ??-??????? (Self-Arranged) ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???
? ?????? ?? ???? ??-????? ????? ????? ????? (Arranged Marriage) ?? ??????? ???? ???, ?????? ???-??? ????-???? ??
??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???
z ??????? ?? ??????? ?????: ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??, ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????
?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????
Page 4
??????? ???? ??????? ????
??? ????? ???? (????)
????? ??? ?????
??????? ???? 2021-22 ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????-6 (SDG-6) ?? ??????, ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????
??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? (????) ?????
?? ????? ?? ?? ???
z ?? ?? ???? ???? (??????) ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? 2024 ?? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? (FHTC) ?? ????? ?? ???
?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? 55 ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???
?????? ?????:
??? ????? ???? (????) ?? ??????:
z ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? :
? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? 2.68 ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????
? 500 ???? ????? ??? 2.64 ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????/?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????
z ?? ??????? ?? ????????? :
? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??
?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? (Sponge city) ?? ??????? ?????
? ???? ???? (Sponge city) ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????
???????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???
z ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????:
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???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????
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z ?? ???????? ?? ??????:
? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ‘?????, ????? ?? ?????’ (IEC) ?????? ?? ??????? ????
??? ???
? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??, ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?? ???
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? ????? ??? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????, ??????? ?? ?? ???: ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????
??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? (Peyjal Survekshan) ?? ????? ???? ??????
z ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???:
? ???-????? ?? (Non-Revenue Water) ?? 20% ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????
? ???-????? ??, ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ?????
???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? NRW ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????
?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????
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?? ?????????
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?? ?????? 10% ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???
z ?????????:
? ?????????? ???????? ??? 100% ??????? ??????????
? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? 90% ?? ????????? ????? ????? ??????
? 1 ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? 50%, 1 ??? ?? 10 ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??-
????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? 25% ??????? ????????? ???? ??????
? ?????? ?????? ?????????:
? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? (20:40:40) ??? ???? ??????
? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????
???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????:
z ????? ???? ????-???? (SBM-U)
z ???????????? ???? ????? (????)
z ???? ???? (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation -AMRUT)
z ?????? ???? ???? (Smart City Mission)
????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? (Supreme Court) ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? "???? ?????? ???"
(Uniform Minimum Age) ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????
???? ???
z ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???
?????? ?????
z ???? ?? ???? ???????? (Chief Justice of India) ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? "??????? ?????? ????, ?????? ?????? ??
??????? ?? ?????" ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???
? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????
????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???
? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? 18 ?? ??????? ?? ???? 21 ???? ????????? ???
z ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? 139A ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????
?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ???
? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???-??? ??? ????? ???????? (???????? 14, ???????? 15 ?? ???????? 21) ???
??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? (Convention on the Elimination of
All Forms of Discrimination Against Women–CEDAW) ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ???
???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????:
z ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????, 1955 (Hindu Marriage Act, 1955) ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? 18 ????
?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? 21 ???? ????????? ???? ???
? ??????? ??? ????? ???-?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???
z ????? ??? ???? (Puberty ) ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???
z ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? (Age of Consent) ?? ????? ????? ??????? (Special
Marriage Act, 1954), 1954 ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? (Prohibition of Child Marriage Act), 2006
????? ?? ????? 18 ?? 21 ???? ????????? ???? ??? ???
???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????:
z ???????-?????? ?????????: ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??:
? ???? ????? ?? (Maternal Mortality Ratio) ?? ?? ???? ????
? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????
? ???? ??????? ?? ???????, ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????
?? ??????? ?? ???? ???
z ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????
??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????
? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? 9.8% ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??-??- ?? 5-7 ??????? ?? ?? ??????
z ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??
???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????
??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????????:
z ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??: ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???
? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???
z ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????: ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? 21 ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????
???????
? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? (Conventions of Rights of Child) ?? ??????, ???? ????? ?? ??
????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??, ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????, ?????, ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???????
????? ???????
z ????-???? ????? ????? ?? ????????: ????-???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????-???? ?????
?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????
? ??????? ??-??????? (Self-Arranged) ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???
? ?????? ?? ???? ??-????? ????? ????? ????? (Arranged Marriage) ?? ??????? ???? ???, ?????? ???-??? ????-???? ??
??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???
z ??????? ?? ??????? ?????: ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??, ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????
?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????
? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????
z ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????: ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????
??? ????-??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???
??? ?? ???
z ??? ?? ?????:
? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????????
???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????
z ??????? ????? ?? ?????:
? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??, ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????
??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???
???? ???????: ?????? II
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ???????????????????? II ?? MPS II ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????
?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????
z MPS II ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???
?????? ?????:
z ?????: MPS II ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??
???? ?? ?? ???????, ????, ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???
z ????: ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? (??????????) ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? 2-??????? (I2S) ?????? ?? ?????? ??
????????? ???? ???
? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????????????? (Glycosaminoglycans or GAGs) ????
???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???
z ??????: I2S ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????, ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? GAG ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???
? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????
? ???: ???? ?? ????? ???? ????
? MPS II ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? (Lysosomal
Storage Disorders) ??? ???? ???
? GAGs ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??, ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??
???? ???
z ????: ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????, ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????, ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? [??????????????????
(Hepatosplenomegaly)], ???? ????, ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???
z ??????????:
? MPS II ??????, X- ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????
??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????
????
Page 5
??????? ???? ??????? ????
??? ????? ???? (????)
????? ??? ?????
??????? ???? 2021-22 ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????-6 (SDG-6) ?? ??????, ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????
??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? (????) ?????
?? ????? ?? ?? ???
z ?? ?? ???? ???? (??????) ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? 2024 ?? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? (FHTC) ?? ????? ?? ???
?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? 55 ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???
?????? ?????:
??? ????? ???? (????) ?? ??????:
z ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? :
? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? 2.68 ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????
? 500 ???? ????? ??? 2.64 ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????/?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????
z ?? ??????? ?? ????????? :
? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??
?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? (Sponge city) ?? ??????? ?????
? ???? ???? (Sponge city) ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????
???????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???
z ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????:
? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????/???: ?????, ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??
???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????
??? ????? ???? (????) ?? ?????????:
z ?????? ???????????? ?? ?????:
? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????????? ??-???? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???
z ?? ???????? ?? ??????:
? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ‘?????, ????? ?? ?????’ (IEC) ?????? ?? ??????? ????
??? ???
? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??, ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?? ???
z ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????:
? ????? ??? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????, ??????? ?? ?? ???: ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????
??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? (Peyjal Survekshan) ?? ????? ???? ??????
z ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???:
? ???-????? ?? (Non-Revenue Water) ?? 20% ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????
? ???-????? ??, ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ?????
???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? NRW ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????
?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????
? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??-??-?? 20% ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??-??-?? 40% ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??
?? ?????????
? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????
? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???????
? ?? ??????? ?? ??????????
z ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????:
? ?????????-???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? 10 ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????
?? ?????? 10% ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???
z ?????????:
? ?????????? ???????? ??? 100% ??????? ??????????
? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? 90% ?? ????????? ????? ????? ??????
? 1 ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? 50%, 1 ??? ?? 10 ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??-
????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? 25% ??????? ????????? ???? ??????
? ?????? ?????? ?????????:
? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? (20:40:40) ??? ???? ??????
? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????
???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????:
z ????? ???? ????-???? (SBM-U)
z ???????????? ???? ????? (????)
z ???? ???? (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation -AMRUT)
z ?????? ???? ???? (Smart City Mission)
????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? (Supreme Court) ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? "???? ?????? ???"
(Uniform Minimum Age) ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????
???? ???
z ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???
?????? ?????
z ???? ?? ???? ???????? (Chief Justice of India) ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? "??????? ?????? ????, ?????? ?????? ??
??????? ?? ?????" ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???
? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????
????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???
? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? 18 ?? ??????? ?? ???? 21 ???? ????????? ???
z ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? 139A ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????
?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ???
? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???-??? ??? ????? ???????? (???????? 14, ???????? 15 ?? ???????? 21) ???
??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? (Convention on the Elimination of
All Forms of Discrimination Against Women–CEDAW) ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ???
???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????:
z ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????, 1955 (Hindu Marriage Act, 1955) ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? 18 ????
?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? 21 ???? ????????? ???? ???
? ??????? ??? ????? ???-?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???
z ????? ??? ???? (Puberty ) ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???
z ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? (Age of Consent) ?? ????? ????? ??????? (Special
Marriage Act, 1954), 1954 ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? (Prohibition of Child Marriage Act), 2006
????? ?? ????? 18 ?? 21 ???? ????????? ???? ??? ???
???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????:
z ???????-?????? ?????????: ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??:
? ???? ????? ?? (Maternal Mortality Ratio) ?? ?? ???? ????
? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????
? ???? ??????? ?? ???????, ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????
?? ??????? ?? ???? ???
z ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????
??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????
? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? 9.8% ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??-??- ?? 5-7 ??????? ?? ?? ??????
z ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??
???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????
??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????????:
z ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??: ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???
? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???
z ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????: ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? 21 ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????
???????
? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? (Conventions of Rights of Child) ?? ??????, ???? ????? ?? ??
????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??, ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????, ?????, ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???????
????? ???????
z ????-???? ????? ????? ?? ????????: ????-???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????-???? ?????
?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????
? ??????? ??-??????? (Self-Arranged) ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???
? ?????? ?? ???? ??-????? ????? ????? ????? (Arranged Marriage) ?? ??????? ???? ???, ?????? ???-??? ????-???? ??
??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???
z ??????? ?? ??????? ?????: ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??, ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????
?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????
? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????
z ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????: ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????
??? ????-??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???
??? ?? ???
z ??? ?? ?????:
? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????????
???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????
z ??????? ????? ?? ?????:
? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??, ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????
??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???
???? ???????: ?????? II
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ???????????????????? II ?? MPS II ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????
?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????
z MPS II ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???
?????? ?????:
z ?????: MPS II ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??
???? ?? ?? ???????, ????, ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???
z ????: ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? (??????????) ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? 2-??????? (I2S) ?????? ?? ?????? ??
????????? ???? ???
? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????????????? (Glycosaminoglycans or GAGs) ????
???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???
z ??????: I2S ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????, ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? GAG ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???
? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????
? ???: ???? ?? ????? ???? ????
? MPS II ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? (Lysosomal
Storage Disorders) ??? ???? ???
? GAGs ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??, ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??
???? ???
z ????: ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????, ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????, ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? [??????????????????
(Hepatosplenomegaly)], ???? ????, ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???
z ??????????:
? MPS II ??????, X- ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????
??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????
????
? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???, ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????
?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??, ?? ?? ??? ?? 25% (4 ??? ?? 1) ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????
?????
?????? ???:
z ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??
??? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ????
z ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???-??? ????? ??? ???? ???-??? ????????? ????
z ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????
z 80 ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ???, ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???
z ???? ??? 56-72 ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????
z ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare) ????? 450 '?????? ?????'
(Rare Diseases) ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???
?????? ?????? ?? ?????
????? ??? ?????
??????? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? (Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment) ?? ?????? ?????? ??
??????, ?????? 2020 ??? ???? ???? ?? '???? ????????' (Kiran Helpline) ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? 70% ???? ????? ??? ????
?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? (Young Adults) ?? ?????? ??????
???? 24/7 ???-??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ’?????, ????, ?????, ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????
?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???
?????? ?????:
z ???? ???????:
? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????: ?????? 13,550 ?? ???? ??? ??, 70.5% ???? ??????? ????? ???? 29.5% ???? ??????? ?????
?? ?? ???
? ?????/??????? ??? ????: ??? ???? ????? ?? 15 ?? 40 ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? 75.5% ?????
?????? ?? , ???? 41 ?? 60 ??? ???? ??? 18.1% ????? ?????? ???
? ?????? ?????: ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????, ???????
?????????, ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???
z ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????:
? ???????? ?????? ??????: ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????
??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???
? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????: ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????, ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???????, ????
?? ??????, ???-????, ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????: ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??
???? ???
? ???? ???? ? ????: ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????
???? ? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???
? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????: ???? 2018 ??? ???????? ???? 250 ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??
????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???
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Additional Information about Social Justice (सामाजिक न्याय): February 2021 UPSC Current Affairs for UPSC Preparation
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