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Page 1
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?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????
????? ??? ?????
??? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? (National Green Tribunal) ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? (Haryana
State Pollution Control Board) ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???, ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????
(Central Pollution Control Board) ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????
z ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????
z ???? ???? ?????? ??????? (Supreme Court) ?? ?????? 2021 ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????
?? ???? ??????? ???? ???
????? ?????
?????????:
z ??????:
? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? (State Pollution Control Boards) ????? ???? 2018 ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????
???? ??? ???? NGT ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???
? ????? ?? (??????? ?????? ??? ???????) ???????, 1974 ??? ???-??? ???? (??????? ?????? ?? ???????) ???????,
1981 ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????
(Consent to Operate) ????????? ????? ???
? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ????? (Central Ground Water Board) ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????
??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???
? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? (Comptroller and Auditor General) ?? ???? 2016 ?? ??????? ??? ???
????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????
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? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ????
?? ???? ????? ?????
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? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????????
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z ???????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? CPCB ?? ????? ??? ??????
z ???? PCB/PCC ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????
z CPCB ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????
Page 2
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?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????
????? ??? ?????
??? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? (National Green Tribunal) ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? (Haryana
State Pollution Control Board) ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???, ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????
(Central Pollution Control Board) ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????
z ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????
z ???? ???? ?????? ??????? (Supreme Court) ?? ?????? 2021 ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????
?? ???? ??????? ???? ???
????? ?????
?????????:
z ??????:
? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? (State Pollution Control Boards) ????? ???? 2018 ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????
???? ??? ???? NGT ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???
? ????? ?? (??????? ?????? ??? ???????) ???????, 1974 ??? ???-??? ???? (??????? ?????? ?? ???????) ???????,
1981 ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????
(Consent to Operate) ????????? ????? ???
? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ????? (Central Ground Water Board) ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????
??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???
? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? (Comptroller and Auditor General) ?? ???? 2016 ?? ??????? ??? ???
????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????
z ???????? ?? ????????:
? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ????
?? ???? ????? ?????
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z ???? PCB/PCC ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????
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?????:
z SPCB ?? ????? ?? ????????????? ??? ??? '?? ?? ?????' ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? CPCB/
SPCB/PCCs ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???
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z CPCB ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???, ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??, ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??
???? ??? ?????? SPCBs ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ???
???:
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Page 3
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??? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? (National Green Tribunal) ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? (Haryana
State Pollution Control Board) ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???, ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????
(Central Pollution Control Board) ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????
z ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????
z ???? ???? ?????? ??????? (Supreme Court) ?? ?????? 2021 ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????
?? ???? ??????? ???? ???
????? ?????
?????????:
z ??????:
? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? (State Pollution Control Boards) ????? ???? 2018 ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????
???? ??? ???? NGT ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???
? ????? ?? (??????? ?????? ??? ???????) ???????, 1974 ??? ???-??? ???? (??????? ?????? ?? ???????) ???????,
1981 ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????
(Consent to Operate) ????????? ????? ???
? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ????? (Central Ground Water Board) ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????
??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???
? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? (Comptroller and Auditor General) ?? ???? 2016 ?? ??????? ??? ???
????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????
z ???????? ?? ????????:
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z ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????
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z ???????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? CPCB ?? ????? ??? ??????
z ???? PCB/PCC ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????
z CPCB ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????
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z SPCB ?? ????? ?? ????????????? ??? ??? '?? ?? ?????' ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? CPCB/
SPCB/PCCs ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???
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???? ??? ?????? SPCBs ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ???
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Page 4
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?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????
????? ??? ?????
??? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? (National Green Tribunal) ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? (Haryana
State Pollution Control Board) ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???, ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????
(Central Pollution Control Board) ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????
z ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????
z ???? ???? ?????? ??????? (Supreme Court) ?? ?????? 2021 ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????
?? ???? ??????? ???? ???
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z ??????:
? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? (State Pollution Control Boards) ????? ???? 2018 ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????
???? ??? ???? NGT ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???
? ????? ?? (??????? ?????? ??? ???????) ???????, 1974 ??? ???-??? ???? (??????? ?????? ?? ???????) ???????,
1981 ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????
(Consent to Operate) ????????? ????? ???
? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ????? (Central Ground Water Board) ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????
??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???
? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? (Comptroller and Auditor General) ?? ???? 2016 ?? ??????? ??? ???
????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????
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? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ????
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Forest Report), 2019 ??? ??????, ???? 2019 ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? 21.67% (7,12,249 ???? ?????.) ??? ??
?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???
? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? 2.89% (95,027 ???? ?????.) ???
z ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????
????
? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???, ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???
z ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????, ??????, ??????, ??????, ???????, ?????, ????????, ?????
?? ???? ?????? ????? ????
z MoEFCC ?? ???? 2020-2021 ?? ??????? ??? ??????, ??? ????? ??? ???-??? ???????? ????????, ??????? ???????? ?? ????????
??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ’?? ???? ???????’ ??? ??? ??? ????
z ?????? ????? ’??‘ ???? ????? ’???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? 26.2% ??? ?? 1,72,374 ???? ?????.
????? ??? ???? ??? ???
??????? ?? ????:
z ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???, ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????
? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???, ????? ??? ?? ??????? (?????) ?? ?????????
??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???
? ??????? ?? ????? ????, ????? ????????, ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???
z ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????,
???????, ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????
z ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ( ????
2019 ?? 2020) ??? ????? 18% ?? 20% ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???
z ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???, ????-???? ?? ???-????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????????
??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???, ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??
?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???
??????? ?? ?????:
z ??????? ?? ?? ????, ?????? ?? ???????, ????? ??? ?????, ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????
z ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??, ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????
???
z ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???
? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???
? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ???
? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???
? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???-???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???
???? ?? ?????:
z ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????
z ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????
? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???
z ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? 1.70 ??? ?????? (???? 2011 ?? ??????) ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????, ????, ????
??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???
??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????:
z FSI ?? ???? 2004 ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? (Forest Fire Alert
System) ?????? ?????
? ?? ????? ?? ?????? 2019 ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????
???? ???
z ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???- ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? (National Action Plan on
Forest Fire), 2018 ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????
????? ????? ????? ?? EU ?? ?????
????? ??? ?????
???????? ??? (EU) ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???
z ?????? 2020 ??? ???????? ???, ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ‘??????’ ?? ‘???????? ????????’ ??? ??, ?????? ??? ?? ?????
???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ???
????? ?????
????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??????:
z ????????? ??????
? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??, ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????
????? ???? ?????? ???? ???
? ????? ‘?????? ?????? ????? ?????’ ??? ??? ???? 5 ?????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ‘??????? ??
???????????, ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????’ ??? ??? ???? 5 ?????? ???? ????? ???
z ???????? ??????
? ????????? ?????? ??? ???, ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????????
??????? ???????? ????- ??????? ?? ????-???????-????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? 2030 ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???
???
Page 5
???????????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ??? ????????
?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????
????? ??? ?????
??? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? (National Green Tribunal) ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? (Haryana
State Pollution Control Board) ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???, ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????
(Central Pollution Control Board) ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????
z ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????
z ???? ???? ?????? ??????? (Supreme Court) ?? ?????? 2021 ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????
?? ???? ??????? ???? ???
????? ?????
?????????:
z ??????:
? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? (State Pollution Control Boards) ????? ???? 2018 ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????
???? ??? ???? NGT ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???
? ????? ?? (??????? ?????? ??? ???????) ???????, 1974 ??? ???-??? ???? (??????? ?????? ?? ???????) ???????,
1981 ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????
(Consent to Operate) ????????? ????? ???
? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ????? (Central Ground Water Board) ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????
??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???
? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? (Comptroller and Auditor General) ?? ???? 2016 ?? ??????? ??? ???
????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????
z ???????? ?? ????????:
? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ????
?? ???? ????? ?????
z ??????? ?? ???????:
? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????????
??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????
??????? ????:
z ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????
z SPCB ?? ????? ??? ????? ????/??????? ??????? ???????? (Pollution Control Committees) ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????
z ???????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? CPCB ?? ????? ??? ??????
z ???? PCB/PCC ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????
z CPCB ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????
?????:
z SPCB ?? ????? ?? ????????????? ??? ??? '?? ?? ?????' ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? CPCB/
SPCB/PCCs ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???
z ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??, ????? ???????
???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???
z CPCB ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???, ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??, ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??
???? ??? ?????? SPCBs ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ???
???:
???????? ?????? ??????? ?????:
z ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? (??????? ?????? ??? ???????) ???????, 1974 ??? ??????? ?????? 1974 ?? ????
????
z ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? (??????? ?????? ??? ???????) ???????, 1981 ??? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ????? ???
z ?? ????? ???????? (??????) ???????, 1986 ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????
???
???? ?????? ??????? ?????:
z ?? ????? CPCB ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????
??? ???? ?????? ???? ????
???????? ??????:
z ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? “??????? ?? ?????????” (Polluter Pays Principle) ?? ??? ????
???
???????? ?????????? ???:
z ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???
? ??????: ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????????
???????: ?? ?????? ?????
????? ??? ?????
???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? 2021 ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???
????? ?????
???????:
z ??? ??????? (Bushfire) ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????, ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????
?? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??, ?? ??????????? ???????????? ????- ???, ???????? ??? ??? ????
?? ????? ???
z ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????, ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ????
???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???
z ??? ??????, ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???
??? ???? ????
???? 2021 ??? ??????? ?? ??????:
z ?????? ??? ????????, ?????? ?????? (????? ?????) ?? ???????-?????? ????? (????? ?????) ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????
????? ????
z ????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????
z ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??
?????? ????? ????
???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????????:
z ??????? ?? ??????? (Forest Survey of India- FSI), ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? (India State of
Forest Report), 2019 ??? ??????, ???? 2019 ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? 21.67% (7,12,249 ???? ?????.) ??? ??
?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???
? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? 2.89% (95,027 ???? ?????.) ???
z ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????
????
? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???, ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???
z ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????, ??????, ??????, ??????, ???????, ?????, ????????, ?????
?? ???? ?????? ????? ????
z MoEFCC ?? ???? 2020-2021 ?? ??????? ??? ??????, ??? ????? ??? ???-??? ???????? ????????, ??????? ???????? ?? ????????
??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ’?? ???? ???????’ ??? ??? ??? ????
z ?????? ????? ’??‘ ???? ????? ’???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? 26.2% ??? ?? 1,72,374 ???? ?????.
????? ??? ???? ??? ???
??????? ?? ????:
z ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???, ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????
? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???, ????? ??? ?? ??????? (?????) ?? ?????????
??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???
? ??????? ?? ????? ????, ????? ????????, ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???
z ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????,
???????, ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????
z ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ( ????
2019 ?? 2020) ??? ????? 18% ?? 20% ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???
z ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???, ????-???? ?? ???-????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????????
??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???, ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??
?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???
??????? ?? ?????:
z ??????? ?? ?? ????, ?????? ?? ???????, ????? ??? ?????, ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????
z ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??, ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????
???
z ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???
? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???
? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ???
? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???
? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???-???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???
???? ?? ?????:
z ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????
z ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????
? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???
z ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? 1.70 ??? ?????? (???? 2011 ?? ??????) ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????, ????, ????
??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???
??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????:
z FSI ?? ???? 2004 ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? (Forest Fire Alert
System) ?????? ?????
? ?? ????? ?? ?????? 2019 ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????
???? ???
z ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???- ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? (National Action Plan on
Forest Fire), 2018 ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????
????? ????? ????? ?? EU ?? ?????
????? ??? ?????
???????? ??? (EU) ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???
z ?????? 2020 ??? ???????? ???, ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ‘??????’ ?? ‘???????? ????????’ ??? ??, ?????? ??? ?? ?????
???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ???
????? ?????
????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??????:
z ????????? ??????
? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??, ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????
????? ???? ?????? ???? ???
? ????? ‘?????? ?????? ????? ?????’ ??? ??? ???? 5 ?????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ‘??????? ??
???????????, ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????’ ??? ??? ???? 5 ?????? ???? ????? ???
z ???????? ??????
? ????????? ?????? ??? ???, ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????????
??????? ???????? ????- ??????? ?? ????-???????-????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? 2030 ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???
???
????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????
z ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??, ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????
?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???
z ?????? ????? ??????? 2020 ??? ?????? ???? 1999 ?? ???? 2018 ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????
????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???
????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???
z ???? 2040 ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? 60% ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???
z ?????? ??? ???????, ?????? ????? ??? ???? 2030 ????? ?????? ?????, ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ????
?????? ?? ???? 2040 ?? ?? ????? ??? ???????? CO2 ??????? ??? ???? 50% ?? ?????? ?????
? ????????????? ????? ??????? (IEA) ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? 2019 ???, ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? 332 ?????? ?? ????? ??
????? ???? ??, ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???
z ????-??? ????? ????? ?????? 2019 ??? ???????, ?? ????? CO2 ??????? ??? ???? ??-????? ????? ???? 2.4 ??????? ????? ???
?????? ?????
????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????
z ?????????? ?? ?????
? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??, ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????- ????,
???? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???
z ??????? ????????
? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???
? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???
?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????
? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???, ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???
?????? ?????????? ??? ???????, ?? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???
? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????, ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???
z ????? ??? ????
? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????-????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??, ?? ??
?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????
? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????
? ???? 2019 ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? 11-11% ?? ?????? ???? ???
??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????:
z ???? 2012 ??? ????? ????? ?? '???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????-???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????’ ?? ?????? ???
z ???? 2007 ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ???
???? 5 ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????-???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????
z ?????? ?? ???? IISc, ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???
????
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Document Description: Environment and Ecology (पर्यावरण और पारिस्थितिकी): April 2021 UPSC Current Affairs for UPSC 2024 is part of Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly preparation.
The notes and questions for Environment and Ecology (पर्यावरण और पारिस्थितिकी): April 2021 UPSC Current Affairs have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Environment and Ecology (पर्यावरण और पारिस्थितिकी): April 2021 UPSC Current Affairs covers topics
like and Environment and Ecology (पर्यावरण और पारिस्थितिकी): April 2021 UPSC Current Affairs Example, for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Environment and Ecology (पर्यावरण और पारिस्थितिकी): April 2021 UPSC Current Affairs.
Introduction of Environment and Ecology (पर्यावरण और पारिस्थितिकी): April 2021 UPSC Current Affairs in English is available as part of our Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly
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Additional Information about Environment and Ecology (पर्यावरण और पारिस्थितिकी): April 2021 UPSC Current Affairs for UPSC Preparation
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Environment and Ecology (पर्यावरण और पारिस्थितिकी): April 2021 UPSC Current Affairs Notes
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