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1. What are the three states of matter?
Ans. The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. In a solid, particles are closely packed and have a fixed shape and volume. In a liquid, particles are close together but can move past each other, taking the shape of their container. In a gas, particles are far apart and can move freely, filling the entire space available.
2. How does matter change from one state to another?
Ans. Matter can change from one state to another through processes called phase changes. For example, when a solid is heated, it can melt and become a liquid. This phase change is called melting. When a liquid is heated further, it can vaporize and become a gas. This phase change is called evaporation. Similarly, when a gas is cooled, it can condense and become a liquid. This phase change is called condensation. Finally, when a liquid is cooled further, it can freeze and become a solid. This phase change is called freezing.
3. What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
Ans. A physical change refers to a change in the state or form of matter without altering its chemical composition. Examples of physical changes include changes in state (solid to liquid to gas), changes in shape, size, or phase. On the other hand, a chemical change refers to a change in matter that results in the formation of new substances with different chemical properties. Examples of chemical changes include burning, rusting, and digestion.
4. What is the significance of the kinetic theory of matter?
Ans. The kinetic theory of matter states that all particles of matter are in constant motion. This theory helps explain the behavior of matter in different states. For example, in a solid, particles vibrate in fixed positions, while in a liquid, particles are in constant motion but still close together. In a gas, particles move randomly and independently. The kinetic theory also explains how temperature affects the motion of particles. As temperature increases, the motion of particles also increases.
5. How does pressure affect the states of matter?
Ans. Pressure is the force exerted on a given area. It can affect the states of matter by compressing or expanding the particles. In a gas, increasing pressure can compress the particles, reducing the volume and causing the gas to turn into a liquid through condensation. On the other hand, decreasing pressure can expand the particles, increasing the volume and causing the liquid to turn into a gas through evaporation. In solids, pressure can also affect their properties, such as changing their shape or density.
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