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1. What is the relationship between moving charges and magnetism?
Ans. Moving charges create magnetic fields around them. This relationship is described by the Biot-Savart Law, which states that the magnetic field produced by a moving charge is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge, the velocity of the charge, and the perpendicular distance from the charge to the point where the magnetic field is being measured.
2. How does a moving charge experience a force in a magnetic field?
Ans. When a moving charge enters a magnetic field, it experiences a force perpendicular to both its velocity and the magnetic field. This force is described by the Lorentz force equation, which states that the force is equal to the magnitude of the charge multiplied by the cross product of its velocity and the magnetic field vector.
3. What is the difference between a permanent magnet and an electromagnet?
Ans. A permanent magnet is a material that naturally possesses a magnetic field, such as iron or lodestone. An electromagnet, on the other hand, is a coil of wire that produces a magnetic field when an electric current flows through it. The magnetic field of an electromagnet can be turned on and off by controlling the flow of electric current.
4. How do moving charges in a wire produce a magnetic field?
Ans. When an electric current flows through a wire, the moving charges (electrons) create a magnetic field around the wire. This magnetic field is circular and follows the right-hand rule, where the direction of the field is determined by the direction of the current. The magnetic field produced by a straight wire can be calculated using Ampere's law.
5. Can magnetic fields affect the motion of charges?
Ans. Yes, magnetic fields can affect the motion of charges. When a charged particle (such as an electron) moves through a magnetic field, it experiences a force perpendicular to its velocity and the magnetic field. This force can cause the charged particle to change its direction of motion, resulting in a curved path. This phenomenon is used in devices such as particle accelerators and cathode ray tubes.
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