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Page 1
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???????-????? ??? ????????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????-???? ????? ?? ???????? (AMR) ?? ???????????????? ???????? ??
????????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???
z ?? ???????? ??? (??????????? ?? ?????????,Artemisinin or Chloroquine) ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????
?? ????? ?????????? ??? ???
?????? ?????
z ??? ????????? ??????:
? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? (????- ????????? ?? ?????) ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??, ?? ????? ???
????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????
? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???
? ??????: ?????? (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) ?? ???, ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????
??????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? (????, ??????? ???????) ??? ?????????
???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???
z AMR ?? ????:
? ??????????? (Mutation):
? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ????
? 2010-2019 ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? 1,044 ??????? ?? PfK13 ??????????? ?? ???????? ???
? ????????? ??????:
? ???????-???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?????, ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??
???????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???
? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??, ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???
z ????????:
? ????????? (CQ) ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????
(WHO) ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??????, ??? WHO ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???
???
? ???? ???? 28 ????? ??? CQ ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????
? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? 22 ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???, ??? ?? 116,000 ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????
???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? 130 ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???
Page 2
??????? ???? ??????? ????
???????-????? ??? ????????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????-???? ????? ?? ???????? (AMR) ?? ???????????????? ???????? ??
????????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???
z ?? ???????? ??? (??????????? ?? ?????????,Artemisinin or Chloroquine) ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????
?? ????? ?????????? ??? ???
?????? ?????
z ??? ????????? ??????:
? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? (????- ????????? ?? ?????) ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??, ?? ????? ???
????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????
? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???
? ??????: ?????? (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) ?? ???, ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????
??????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? (????, ??????? ???????) ??? ?????????
???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???
z AMR ?? ????:
? ??????????? (Mutation):
? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ????
? 2010-2019 ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? 1,044 ??????? ?? PfK13 ??????????? ?? ???????? ???
? ????????? ??????:
? ???????-???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?????, ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??
???????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???
? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??, ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???
z ????????:
? ????????? (CQ) ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????
(WHO) ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??????, ??? WHO ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???
???
? ???? ???? 28 ????? ??? CQ ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????
? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? 22 ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???, ??? ?? 116,000 ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????
???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? 130 ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???
???????
z ??????:
? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? (Mosquito Borne Blood Disease) ?? ?? ?????????? ??????? (Plasmodium
Parasites) ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????, ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????????? ???? ???????????????
???????? ??? ????? ???? ???
? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? (Female Anopheles Mosquitoes) ?? ????? ?? ????
???
? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???, ???? ??? ??? ???? ????????
(Red Blood Cells- RBC) ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????????????? RBCs ?? ????? ???? ???
z ?????:
? ?????? ???, ???????, ????, ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????
z ??????:
? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????, ???. ????, ???. ??????? ?? ???.?????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???:?
z ?????? ????????:
? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? 2% ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? 2% ????? ??
???? ??? ?? ???? ????
? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? 85.2% ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????
? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? 47% ??? ???? ?? (????? ???? ?? ??????-?????? ?????? ?????? ???), ????? ???? ????????
??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ??, ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????
2018 ?? ??????? ???? 2019 ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? 17.6% ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???
z ????????? ??????:
? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (2017-22)
? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???
z ??????? ?? ???? ???? 2018 ??? 4,05,000 ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? 21.8 ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??
????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???
z ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????????? ?????
?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???
z ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? (Molecular Malaria Surveillance)
???? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ????
????? ??????? ???????: ???????????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? (WHO) ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????
?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????
??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???
?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???
Page 3
??????? ???? ??????? ????
???????-????? ??? ????????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????-???? ????? ?? ???????? (AMR) ?? ???????????????? ???????? ??
????????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???
z ?? ???????? ??? (??????????? ?? ?????????,Artemisinin or Chloroquine) ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????
?? ????? ?????????? ??? ???
?????? ?????
z ??? ????????? ??????:
? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? (????- ????????? ?? ?????) ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??, ?? ????? ???
????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????
? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???
? ??????: ?????? (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) ?? ???, ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????
??????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? (????, ??????? ???????) ??? ?????????
???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???
z AMR ?? ????:
? ??????????? (Mutation):
? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ????
? 2010-2019 ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? 1,044 ??????? ?? PfK13 ??????????? ?? ???????? ???
? ????????? ??????:
? ???????-???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?????, ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??
???????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???
? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??, ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???
z ????????:
? ????????? (CQ) ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????
(WHO) ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??????, ??? WHO ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???
???
? ???? ???? 28 ????? ??? CQ ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????
? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? 22 ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???, ??? ?? 116,000 ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????
???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? 130 ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???
???????
z ??????:
? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? (Mosquito Borne Blood Disease) ?? ?? ?????????? ??????? (Plasmodium
Parasites) ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????, ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????????? ???? ???????????????
???????? ??? ????? ???? ???
? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? (Female Anopheles Mosquitoes) ?? ????? ?? ????
???
? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???, ???? ??? ??? ???? ????????
(Red Blood Cells- RBC) ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????????????? RBCs ?? ????? ???? ???
z ?????:
? ?????? ???, ???????, ????, ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????
z ??????:
? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????, ???. ????, ???. ??????? ?? ???.?????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???:?
z ?????? ????????:
? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? 2% ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? 2% ????? ??
???? ??? ?? ???? ????
? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? 85.2% ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????
? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? 47% ??? ???? ?? (????? ???? ?? ??????-?????? ?????? ?????? ???), ????? ???? ????????
??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ??, ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????
2018 ?? ??????? ???? 2019 ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? 17.6% ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???
z ????????? ??????:
? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (2017-22)
? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???
z ??????? ?? ???? ???? 2018 ??? 4,05,000 ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? 21.8 ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??
????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???
z ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????????? ?????
?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???
z ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? (Molecular Malaria Surveillance)
???? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ????
????? ??????? ???????: ???????????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? (WHO) ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????
?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????
??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???
?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???
?????? ?????:
z ?????? ?? ????? ???:
? RTS,S/AS01, ????????? ??? ???????????, ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???. ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????
?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???
? ??? 1987 ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???
? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????, ?????????? ?????????? ??????? (PFP) ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???
? RTS,S ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ????
?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?
? ?? ???????????? B ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???
z ??????:
? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ???? 30% ??, ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???
? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? 2015 ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????
???? ????
? ???? ????????? ?????? ???, ????? ???-??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? (Temporary
Convulsions) ?? ???? ???
z ?????????:
? ??????????: ?? ????? ?? 2 ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????
?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????
? ?????? ???? ?? ???????: 2009 ?? 2014 ?? ??? 10000 ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????
???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? 40% ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????
? ?????????? ????: ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????; ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ??
?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????-????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??, ?? ?????????
?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????
?? ???? ???
? ??????? ????????: ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? 30% ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???????
???????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???, ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??????
???? ???? ?? ??????? ???
z ??????? ?? ???:
? ????????:
? ???? 2019 ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? 229 ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? 4,09,000 ????? ???
????
? 5 ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? 2019 ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???, ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????
??? ???? 67 ??????? (2,74,000) ????? ???
? ????:
? WHO ?? ??????, ???? ??? ???? 2019 ?? ???? 20 ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? 2020 ??? ??????? ?? ???????? 5.6
?????? ???? ????? ???
Page 4
??????? ???? ??????? ????
???????-????? ??? ????????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????-???? ????? ?? ???????? (AMR) ?? ???????????????? ???????? ??
????????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???
z ?? ???????? ??? (??????????? ?? ?????????,Artemisinin or Chloroquine) ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????
?? ????? ?????????? ??? ???
?????? ?????
z ??? ????????? ??????:
? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? (????- ????????? ?? ?????) ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??, ?? ????? ???
????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????
? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???
? ??????: ?????? (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) ?? ???, ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????
??????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? (????, ??????? ???????) ??? ?????????
???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???
z AMR ?? ????:
? ??????????? (Mutation):
? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ????
? 2010-2019 ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? 1,044 ??????? ?? PfK13 ??????????? ?? ???????? ???
? ????????? ??????:
? ???????-???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?????, ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??
???????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???
? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??, ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???
z ????????:
? ????????? (CQ) ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????
(WHO) ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??????, ??? WHO ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???
???
? ???? ???? 28 ????? ??? CQ ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????
? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? 22 ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???, ??? ?? 116,000 ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????
???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? 130 ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???
???????
z ??????:
? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? (Mosquito Borne Blood Disease) ?? ?? ?????????? ??????? (Plasmodium
Parasites) ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????, ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????????? ???? ???????????????
???????? ??? ????? ???? ???
? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? (Female Anopheles Mosquitoes) ?? ????? ?? ????
???
? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???, ???? ??? ??? ???? ????????
(Red Blood Cells- RBC) ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????????????? RBCs ?? ????? ???? ???
z ?????:
? ?????? ???, ???????, ????, ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????
z ??????:
? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????, ???. ????, ???. ??????? ?? ???.?????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???:?
z ?????? ????????:
? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? 2% ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? 2% ????? ??
???? ??? ?? ???? ????
? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? 85.2% ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????
? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? 47% ??? ???? ?? (????? ???? ?? ??????-?????? ?????? ?????? ???), ????? ???? ????????
??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ??, ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????
2018 ?? ??????? ???? 2019 ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? 17.6% ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???
z ????????? ??????:
? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (2017-22)
? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???
z ??????? ?? ???? ???? 2018 ??? 4,05,000 ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? 21.8 ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??
????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???
z ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????????? ?????
?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???
z ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? (Molecular Malaria Surveillance)
???? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ????
????? ??????? ???????: ???????????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? (WHO) ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????
?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????
??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???
?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???
?????? ?????:
z ?????? ?? ????? ???:
? RTS,S/AS01, ????????? ??? ???????????, ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???. ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????
?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???
? ??? 1987 ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???
? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????, ?????????? ?????????? ??????? (PFP) ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???
? RTS,S ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ????
?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?
? ?? ???????????? B ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???
z ??????:
? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ???? 30% ??, ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???
? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? 2015 ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????
???? ????
? ???? ????????? ?????? ???, ????? ???-??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? (Temporary
Convulsions) ?? ???? ???
z ?????????:
? ??????????: ?? ????? ?? 2 ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????
?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????
? ?????? ???? ?? ???????: 2009 ?? 2014 ?? ??? 10000 ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????
???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? 40% ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????
? ?????????? ????: ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????; ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ??
?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????-????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??, ?? ?????????
?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????
?? ???? ???
? ??????? ????????: ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? 30% ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???????
???????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???, ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??????
???? ???? ?? ??????? ???
z ??????? ?? ???:
? ????????:
? ???? 2019 ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? 229 ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? 4,09,000 ????? ???
????
? 5 ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? 2019 ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???, ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????
??? ???? 67 ??????? (2,74,000) ????? ???
? ????:
? WHO ?? ??????, ???? ??? ???? 2019 ?? ???? 20 ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? 2020 ??? ??????? ?? ???????? 5.6
?????? ???? ????? ???
z ??????? ?????? ???? ???:
? ??????? ?? ????? ??? WHO ?? ????????? ????? 11 ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??: ???????? ??? ??????
(2007), ??????? (2010), ????????????? (2010), ???????? (2011), ????????? (2016), ??????????? (2016), ??????? (2018),
?????????? (2018), ???????? (2019), ????????? (2019) ?? ?? ??????? (2021)?
? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? WHO
?????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???
??? ?? ???
z WHO-????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????
???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????
‘??????? ?? ??????’ ?? ????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ‘??????? ?? ??????’ ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???
z ??????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??
???????? ?? ?????? ?????
?????? ?????
z ??????:
? ??????? ?? ??????: ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???:
? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? (?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????) ???
????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? (?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???-????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????)?
? ‘???????’ ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??, ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???
?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???
? ?????
? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???
? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????
?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???
? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????
???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???
? ?????????
? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???
? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???, ???? ?? ???? ????????? ??????, ????? ????????? ??
??????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????
? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? (??????? ?? ???? 1.3%) ?????? ?? ??? ???
? ‘?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????’ (OECD) ?? ???????, ???? ?? ??? ‘???-?? ??????’ ??? ??? ?????? ??????
?? ???? 2.3% ???
? ????? ???? 2025 ?? ??????? ?? 2.5% ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???
? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???-??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ??, ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??
????????? ???
? ?? ?????-19 ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???
Page 5
??????? ???? ??????? ????
???????-????? ??? ????????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????-???? ????? ?? ???????? (AMR) ?? ???????????????? ???????? ??
????????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???
z ?? ???????? ??? (??????????? ?? ?????????,Artemisinin or Chloroquine) ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????
?? ????? ?????????? ??? ???
?????? ?????
z ??? ????????? ??????:
? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? (????- ????????? ?? ?????) ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??, ?? ????? ???
????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????
? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???
? ??????: ?????? (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) ?? ???, ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????
??????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? (????, ??????? ???????) ??? ?????????
???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???
z AMR ?? ????:
? ??????????? (Mutation):
? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ????
? 2010-2019 ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? 1,044 ??????? ?? PfK13 ??????????? ?? ???????? ???
? ????????? ??????:
? ???????-???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?????, ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??
???????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???
? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??, ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???
z ????????:
? ????????? (CQ) ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????
(WHO) ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??????, ??? WHO ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???
???
? ???? ???? 28 ????? ??? CQ ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????
? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? 22 ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???, ??? ?? 116,000 ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????
???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? 130 ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???
???????
z ??????:
? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? (Mosquito Borne Blood Disease) ?? ?? ?????????? ??????? (Plasmodium
Parasites) ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????, ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????????? ???? ???????????????
???????? ??? ????? ???? ???
? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? (Female Anopheles Mosquitoes) ?? ????? ?? ????
???
? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???, ???? ??? ??? ???? ????????
(Red Blood Cells- RBC) ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????????????? RBCs ?? ????? ???? ???
z ?????:
? ?????? ???, ???????, ????, ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????
z ??????:
? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????, ???. ????, ???. ??????? ?? ???.?????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???:?
z ?????? ????????:
? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? 2% ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? 2% ????? ??
???? ??? ?? ???? ????
? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? 85.2% ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????
? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? 47% ??? ???? ?? (????? ???? ?? ??????-?????? ?????? ?????? ???), ????? ???? ????????
??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ??, ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????
2018 ?? ??????? ???? 2019 ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? 17.6% ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???
z ????????? ??????:
? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (2017-22)
? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???
z ??????? ?? ???? ???? 2018 ??? 4,05,000 ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? 21.8 ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??
????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???
z ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????????? ?????
?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???
z ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? (Molecular Malaria Surveillance)
???? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ????
????? ??????? ???????: ???????????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? (WHO) ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????
?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????
??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???
?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???
?????? ?????:
z ?????? ?? ????? ???:
? RTS,S/AS01, ????????? ??? ???????????, ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???. ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????
?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???
? ??? 1987 ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???
? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????, ?????????? ?????????? ??????? (PFP) ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???
? RTS,S ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ????
?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?
? ?? ???????????? B ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???
z ??????:
? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ???? 30% ??, ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???
? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? 2015 ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????
???? ????
? ???? ????????? ?????? ???, ????? ???-??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? (Temporary
Convulsions) ?? ???? ???
z ?????????:
? ??????????: ?? ????? ?? 2 ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????
?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????
? ?????? ???? ?? ???????: 2009 ?? 2014 ?? ??? 10000 ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????
???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? 40% ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????
? ?????????? ????: ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????; ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ??
?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????-????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??, ?? ?????????
?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????
?? ???? ???
? ??????? ????????: ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? 30% ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???????
???????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???, ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??????
???? ???? ?? ??????? ???
z ??????? ?? ???:
? ????????:
? ???? 2019 ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? 229 ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? 4,09,000 ????? ???
????
? 5 ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? 2019 ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???, ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????
??? ???? 67 ??????? (2,74,000) ????? ???
? ????:
? WHO ?? ??????, ???? ??? ???? 2019 ?? ???? 20 ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? 2020 ??? ??????? ?? ???????? 5.6
?????? ???? ????? ???
z ??????? ?????? ???? ???:
? ??????? ?? ????? ??? WHO ?? ????????? ????? 11 ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??: ???????? ??? ??????
(2007), ??????? (2010), ????????????? (2010), ???????? (2011), ????????? (2016), ??????????? (2016), ??????? (2018),
?????????? (2018), ???????? (2019), ????????? (2019) ?? ?? ??????? (2021)?
? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? WHO
?????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???
??? ?? ???
z WHO-????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????
???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????
‘??????? ?? ??????’ ?? ????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ‘??????? ?? ??????’ ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???
z ??????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??
???????? ?? ?????? ?????
?????? ?????
z ??????:
? ??????? ?? ??????: ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???:
? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? (?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????) ???
????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? (?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???-????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????)?
? ‘???????’ ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??, ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???
?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???
? ?????
? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???
? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????
?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???
? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????
???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???
? ?????????
? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???
? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???, ???? ?? ???? ????????? ??????, ????? ????????? ??
??????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????
? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? (??????? ?? ???? 1.3%) ?????? ?? ??? ???
? ‘?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????’ (OECD) ?? ???????, ???? ?? ??? ‘???-?? ??????’ ??? ??? ?????? ??????
?? ???? 2.3% ???
? ????? ???? 2025 ?? ??????? ?? 2.5% ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???
? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???-??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ??, ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??
????????? ???
? ?? ?????-19 ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???
z ?????? ??????
? ??????????
? ????? ??????: ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????-21 ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???
??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???
? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? (DPSP): ????????? 38, 39, 42, 43 ?? 47 ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????
???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ????
? ?????? ??????:
? ‘??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????’ (1996) ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??
???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????????
??????? ???????? ?????? ?????
? ‘????????? ????? ???? ???? ????’ ??? (1989) ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????
??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???, ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???
? ????????????? ????????????:
? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????: ????, ???????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ????? (1948) ?? ????????? 25 ??
?? ?????????????? ???
? ?? ????, ???????, ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????
???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???
??? ?? ???
z ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? '???????' ???? ???? ??
???????? ???
z ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ‘????????? ???? ???????’ (DFI) ?? ??????? ???
z ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???
z ??? ???????, ?????? ???-??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????,
????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???
????? ??? ??????? ??????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? (SC) ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ‘?????? ??????’ ??????? ???? ?????
?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???
z ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ‘?????? ?? ??????’ ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???????
?? ???? ‘??????’ ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????
z ?????-19 ??????? ?? ????? ????-???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??, ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??
????
?????? ?????
z ?????? ??????:
? ‘?????? ??????’ ?? ???????? ???? ???????????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??, ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????
???????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???
? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????
???
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Social Justice (सामाजिक न्याय): October 2021 UPSC Current Affairs Notes
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Social Justice (सामाजिक न्याय): October 2021 UPSC Current Affairs UPSC Questions
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The content of Social Justice (सामाजिक न्याय): October 2021 UPSC Current Affairs is prepared as per the latest UPSC syllabus.
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