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Page 1
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Page 2
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??????? (???-??? ??????? 2021 ???????) ?? ???????, ?????? 2021 ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? 33 ????? ??? ???? 51 ??????
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Page 3
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??????? ????? ??????? ????????? (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees-UNHCR) ?? ??
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?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? 2021 ?? ????? ??? 134% ???? ???
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? ????????? ???????? ??????? ‘???????? ?????’ ?? ?????? 2019 ???, ???? ?? ????? 10 ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????
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?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???
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z ??????? ?????????? 2021 ??? ??????, ?????, ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????
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z ?????? 2013 ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? 19 ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??
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Page 4
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? ???? ?? ?????? 1951 ?? ????????? ?? ?????? 1967 ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??
UNHCR ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???
? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???, ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??
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? ?????-?????? ?????????? ??????: ????????, ?????, ????????? ?? ????? ?????, ?????-?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??
?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???
? ?????? ??????: ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? (?????-????? ?? ???? ?????? ), ??????? ????????? ?? '????-???? ????????’
(???-???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???) ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???
? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????: ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????????, ??????, ??????,
?????, ????? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ??
????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???
??? ?? ???
z ?????? ????? ?? ?????????: ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????????
???????? ???????, ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ???
z ???? ?????? ????: ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? (?? ?????? ??????, ????????? ?? ?????? ???; ?????? ??????
?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????) ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??, ?? ???? ???????????
?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ???
????? ?????? ????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? (WHO) ?? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? 2045 ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? 55
?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? 2021 ?? ????? ??? 134% ???? ???
z ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ??? (Covid-19) ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???
z ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? 14 ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???
?????? ?????
z ??????:
? ?????? ?? ???-??????? ??? (Non-Communicable Disease) ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????
?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???
? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? (peptide) ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????, ????????????, ?????,
??????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??
???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???
z ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ??:
? ????-1 ??????: ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???
? ????-2 ??????: ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????????
???????? (Insulin resistance) ??? ???? ??? ????-2 ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???
z ?????? ?? ??? :
? ???? ???:
? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??, ?????? ???????? 8.7% ????? 20 ?? 70 ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???
? ????????? ???????? ??????? ‘???????? ?????’ ?? ?????? 2019 ???, ???? ?? ????? 10 ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????
? ?????? ?? ??? ???-??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ????, ???????????? ????, ?????? ?? ?????
????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???
? ????????? ??? ??:
? ?? ??????? ??? ???? 6% ????? ??????? 420 ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????-1 ?? ????-2 ?????? ????
? ?? ?????? ?????? ???-??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???
? ?? ????? ???????-19 ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ???
? ?????? 2021 ??? ?????? ??? ???????? 24 ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????
z ???????? ???:
? ??????? ????????? ?????? (World Health Organization- WHO) ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????, ??
?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????, ?????,
??????? ?? ?????????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????
? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???-??????? ??? (National Non-Communicable Disease- NCD) ?????? ?? ??????
?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???
? ?????? 2010 ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????, ??????, ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? (NPCDCS)
?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???
???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????
????? ??? ?????
??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? '??????? ?????? ???????' (19 ???????) ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? '??????? ????
???????' ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? (Safari Mitra Suraksha Challenge- SSC) ???????? ?????? ????
???? ??? ???
z ??????? ?????????? 2021 ??? ??????, ?????, ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????
??????? ?? ???? 20 ???????, 2021 ?? '??????? ???? ???????' ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????
'????? ??????? ????'
z ?????? 2013 ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? 19 ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??
????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????-?? (UN-Water) ????? ????????? ???
z ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??
????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????
z ?????? 2021 ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? (Valuing Toilets) ??? ???????? ???
?????? ?????
z ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???:
? ‘????? ???? ??????? ??????’ ??? ??? 246 ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????, ????
?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????
? ????? ?? ??? ??-???????? (10 ??? ??? ????, 3-10 ??? ?? 3 ??? ?? ?? ?????) ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????
???? 52 ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ???
? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???
z ????? ???? ??????? ??????:
? SSC ?? 19 ???????, 2020 ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???
? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? (SSC) ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??
???? ??????????? ???? ???
? ?????? ????? ?????? 2021 ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????-????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???
????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ??, ?? ???? ????
?????/??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????
z ???? ?? ?? ?????:
? SSC ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? SSC ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????
(NSKFDC), ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????, ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??
??? ???
? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????/??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????/????? ???? ???? ?????????
????? ????? (??????????) ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???
? NSKFDC ?? ????? ??? 115 ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????
???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???
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???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????
? 31 ??????/???????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? (Responsible Sanitation Authority- RSA) ??
?????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??????/???????????? ???????? ?? 210 ????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ???????? (Sanitation Response
Units- SRU) ????? ????
? ??? ???? ?????? ???? 246 ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? (Single-Use Plastic- SUP) ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???
?????? ???????????:
z ?????:
? ?????? ???????????? (Manual Scavenging) ?? "???????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????, ???????
????, ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????" ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???
? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??, ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????
?? ???? ???
? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? 2018 ??? ???? 42,303 ?? ??, ?? ?????? 2008 ??? 7,70,338 ??? ??????
2018 ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? NSKFDC ????? ???? ??? ???
z ???????? ???:
? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????? (???????) ????????, 2020:
? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????
??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ???
? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????, 2013:
? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? (?????? ????????????) ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????
???? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ???? ???
Page 5
???????? ???? ???????? ????
?????? ???????
????? ??? ?????
??????? ????? ??????? ????????? (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees-UNHCR) ?? ??
??????? (???-??? ??????? 2021 ???????) ?? ???????, ?????? 2021 ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? 33 ????? ??? ???? 51 ??????
??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ???
z ???????, ??????? -19, ?????, ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??, ??????
??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ????
z ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ???
?????? ?????
z ?????? ????????? (????):
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???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ????
? ???: ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??:
? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? (????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ??? ???? ????);
? ??? ????? ???????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? (????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ????)?
? ??????? ??? ????: ?????? 1951 ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????, "???????" ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??
???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???
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?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????
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?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????
z ???? ??? ?????? ?????????:
? ????????: ???? ??? IDP ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??, ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??,
??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ???
? ? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????????, 2020 (GRID-2020) ?? ???????, ?????? 2019 ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????
??? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????????? ???
? ?????? ?????: ???? ??? ??????????? ?? IDP ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???
? ???? ?? ?????? 1951 ?? ????????? ?? ?????? 1967 ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??
UNHCR ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???
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?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???
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(???-???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???) ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???
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z ?????? ????? ?? ?????????: ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????????
???????? ???????, ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ???
z ???? ?????? ????: ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? (?? ?????? ??????, ????????? ?? ?????? ???; ?????? ??????
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????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? (WHO) ?? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? 2045 ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? 55
?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? 2021 ?? ????? ??? 134% ???? ???
z ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ??? (Covid-19) ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???
z ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? 14 ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???
?????? ?????
z ??????:
? ?????? ?? ???-??????? ??? (Non-Communicable Disease) ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????
?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???
? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? (peptide) ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????, ????????????, ?????,
??????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??
???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???
z ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ??:
? ????-1 ??????: ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???
? ????-2 ??????: ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????????
???????? (Insulin resistance) ??? ???? ??? ????-2 ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???
z ?????? ?? ??? :
? ???? ???:
? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??, ?????? ???????? 8.7% ????? 20 ?? 70 ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???
? ????????? ???????? ??????? ‘???????? ?????’ ?? ?????? 2019 ???, ???? ?? ????? 10 ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????
? ?????? ?? ??? ???-??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ????, ???????????? ????, ?????? ?? ?????
????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???
? ????????? ??? ??:
? ?? ??????? ??? ???? 6% ????? ??????? 420 ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????-1 ?? ????-2 ?????? ????
? ?? ?????? ?????? ???-??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???
? ?? ????? ???????-19 ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ???
? ?????? 2021 ??? ?????? ??? ???????? 24 ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????
z ???????? ???:
? ??????? ????????? ?????? (World Health Organization- WHO) ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????, ??
?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????, ?????,
??????? ?? ?????????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????
? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???-??????? ??? (National Non-Communicable Disease- NCD) ?????? ?? ??????
?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???
? ?????? 2010 ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????, ??????, ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? (NPCDCS)
?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???
???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????
????? ??? ?????
??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? '??????? ?????? ???????' (19 ???????) ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? '??????? ????
???????' ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? (Safari Mitra Suraksha Challenge- SSC) ???????? ?????? ????
???? ??? ???
z ??????? ?????????? 2021 ??? ??????, ?????, ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????
??????? ?? ???? 20 ???????, 2021 ?? '??????? ???? ???????' ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????
'????? ??????? ????'
z ?????? 2013 ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? 19 ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??
????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????-?? (UN-Water) ????? ????????? ???
z ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??
????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????
z ?????? 2021 ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? (Valuing Toilets) ??? ???????? ???
?????? ?????
z ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???:
? ‘????? ???? ??????? ??????’ ??? ??? 246 ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????, ????
?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????
? ????? ?? ??? ??-???????? (10 ??? ??? ????, 3-10 ??? ?? 3 ??? ?? ?? ?????) ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????
???? 52 ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ???
? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???
z ????? ???? ??????? ??????:
? SSC ?? 19 ???????, 2020 ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???
? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? (SSC) ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??
???? ??????????? ???? ???
? ?????? ????? ?????? 2021 ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????-????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???
????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ??, ?? ???? ????
?????/??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????
z ???? ?? ?? ?????:
? SSC ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? SSC ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????
(NSKFDC), ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????, ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??
??? ???
? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????/??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????/????? ???? ???? ?????????
????? ????? (??????????) ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???
? NSKFDC ?? ????? ??? 115 ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????
???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???
? ??????? ????/??????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? 345 ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????
???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????
? 31 ??????/???????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? (Responsible Sanitation Authority- RSA) ??
?????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??????/???????????? ???????? ?? 210 ????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ???????? (Sanitation Response
Units- SRU) ????? ????
? ??? ???? ?????? ???? 246 ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? (Single-Use Plastic- SUP) ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???
?????? ???????????:
z ?????:
? ?????? ???????????? (Manual Scavenging) ?? "???????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????, ???????
????, ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????" ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???
? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??, ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????
?? ???? ???
? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? 2018 ??? ???? 42,303 ?? ??, ?? ?????? 2008 ??? 7,70,338 ??? ??????
2018 ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? NSKFDC ????? ???? ??? ???
z ???????? ???:
? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????? (???????) ????????, 2020:
? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????
??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ???
? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????, 2013:
? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? (?????? ????????????) ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????
???? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ???? ???
? ??????? ???????? ???????:
? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???
? ????? ???? ??????? ??????:
? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ???-??????????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????????
????-???? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???
? ??????? ???? ????:
? ??????? ???? ?????? 2 ??????, 2014 ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??????, ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????????
???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???
?????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????-19 ?? ??????: ASER 2021
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? (Annual Status of Education Report- ASER 2021) ?????????? ?? 16??????
??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????-19 ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ????
z ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ???
z ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???
????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????:
z ????? ??????? ???????? (Pratham Education Foundation) ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??
?????? ?????? ?????????? ???
z ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???
z ?? ?????? 2011 ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??
?? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???
z ASER 2018 ??? 3 ??? 16 ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????
??? 5 ??? 16 ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????
z ASER 2019 ?? 26 ?????? ????? ??? 4 ??? 8 ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????-???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??
??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? '??????? ???????' ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? '??????-??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????'
?? ??? ???? ????
z ASER 2020 ???? ???-?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? 2020 ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???
?????? ?????
z ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????:
? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??, ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? 10 ??????? ???
?????? ?? ????
? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????/??????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? 2018 ??? 64.3% ?????? 2020 ??? 65.8% ??? ?????? 2021
??? 70.3% ?? ????
? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? 2020 ??? 28.8% ??? ?????? 2021 ??? 24.4% ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ???
z ????? ?? ????????:
? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???
? ?????, ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???
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Document Description: Social Justice (सामाजिक न्याय): November 2021 UPSC Current Affairs for UPSC 2024 is part of Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly preparation.
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