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ifjp;
bl vè;k; esa fo'o&jktuhfr esa i;kZoj.k
vkSj lalk/uksa osQ c<+rs egÙo dh ppkZ dh
xbZ gSA 1960 osQ n'kd ls i;kZoj.k osQ elys
us tksj idM+kA blh i`"BHkwfe dks è;ku esa
j[kdj bl vè;k; esa oqQN egÙoiw.kZ
i;kZoj.k&vkanksyuksa dh rqyukRed ppkZ dh
xbZ gSA ge lk>h laink vkSj ^fo'o dh lk>h
fojklr* tSlh /kj.kkvksa osQ ckjs esa Hkh i<+saxsA
bl vè;k; dks i<+dj vki la{ksi esa tku
ldrs gSa fd i;kZoj.k ls tqM+h gky dh cglksa
esa Hkkjr us dkSu&lk i{k fy;k gSA blosQ ckn
vè;k; esa lalk/uksa dh gksM+ ls tqM+h oSf'od
jktuhfr dh ,d laf{kIr ppkZ dh xbZ gSA
vè;k; dk lekiu ;g crkrs gq, fd;k x;k
gS fd ledkyhu fo'o&jktuhfr esa gkf'k,
ij [kM+h ewyoklh turk (Indigenous
people) osQ bu lokyksa ls D;k ljksdkj gSa
vkSj og D;k lksprh gSA
vè;k; 8
i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd
i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd
lalk/ku lalk/ku
lalk/ku lalk/ku lalk/ku
1992 osQ i`Foh lEesyu us i;kZoj.k dks fo'o jktuhfr osQ çeq[k eqíksa esa
'kkfey djk fn;kA ;gk¡ fn, x, fp=kksa esa o"kkZ osQ ou vkSj xjku
(esuxzksOl) ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA
2018-19
Page 2


ifjp;
bl vè;k; esa fo'o&jktuhfr esa i;kZoj.k
vkSj lalk/uksa osQ c<+rs egÙo dh ppkZ dh
xbZ gSA 1960 osQ n'kd ls i;kZoj.k osQ elys
us tksj idM+kA blh i`"BHkwfe dks è;ku esa
j[kdj bl vè;k; esa oqQN egÙoiw.kZ
i;kZoj.k&vkanksyuksa dh rqyukRed ppkZ dh
xbZ gSA ge lk>h laink vkSj ^fo'o dh lk>h
fojklr* tSlh /kj.kkvksa osQ ckjs esa Hkh i<+saxsA
bl vè;k; dks i<+dj vki la{ksi esa tku
ldrs gSa fd i;kZoj.k ls tqM+h gky dh cglksa
esa Hkkjr us dkSu&lk i{k fy;k gSA blosQ ckn
vè;k; esa lalk/uksa dh gksM+ ls tqM+h oSf'od
jktuhfr dh ,d laf{kIr ppkZ dh xbZ gSA
vè;k; dk lekiu ;g crkrs gq, fd;k x;k
gS fd ledkyhu fo'o&jktuhfr esa gkf'k,
ij [kM+h ewyoklh turk (Indigenous
people) osQ bu lokyksa ls D;k ljksdkj gSa
vkSj og D;k lksprh gSA
vè;k; 8
i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd
i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd
lalk/ku lalk/ku
lalk/ku lalk/ku lalk/ku
1992 osQ i`Foh lEesyu us i;kZoj.k dks fo'o jktuhfr osQ çeq[k eqíksa esa
'kkfey djk fn;kA ;gk¡ fn, x, fp=kksa esa o"kkZ osQ ou vkSj xjku
(esuxzksOl) ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA
2018-19
ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr 118
oSf'od jktuhfr esa i;kZoj.k dh
fpark D;ksas\
bl iqLrd esa geus fo'o&jktuhfr ij cM+s
lhfer vFkks± esa ppkZ dh gS] elyu geus
;q¼ vkSj laf/ dh ckrsa dha_ jkT;'kfDr osQ
mRFkku vkSj iru dh ppkZ gqbZ ;k fiQj geus
varjkZ"Vªh; iQyd ij vius ns'k dh uqekbanxh
djus okyh ljdkjksa vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa
dh ckrsa dhaA vè;k; lkr esa geus
fo'o&jktuhfr osQ nk;js dks FkksM+k c<+kdj
mlesa xjhch vkSj egkekjh tSls fo"k; Hkh
'kkfey dj fy, gSaA ,slk djus esa dksbZ
eqf'dy Hkh ugha D;ksafd ge lc ekurs gSa
fd xjhch vkSj egkekjh ij vaoqQ'k j[kus dh
ftEesnkjh ljdkj dh gSA bl vFkZ esa ;s eqís
fo'o&jktuhfr osQ nk;js esa gh vkrs gSaA vc
”kjk bu eqíksa ij fopkj dhft,A D;k vki
ekurs gSa fd bu tSls eqís ledkyhu
fo'o&jktuhfr osQ nk;js esa vkrs gSa\
nqfu;k Hkj esa Ñf"k&;ksX; Hkwfe esa vc
dksbZ c<+ksÙkjh ugha gks jgh tcfd ekStwnk
mitkÅ tehu osQ ,d cM+s fgLls dh
moZjrk de gks jgh gSA pkjkxkgksa osQ pkjs
[kRe gksus dks gSa vkSj eRL;&HkaMkj ?kV
jgk gSA tyk'k;ksa dh tyjkf'k cM+h
rsth ls de gqbZ gS mlesa çnw"k.k c<+k
gSA blls [kk|& mRiknu esa deh vk
jgh gSA
la;qDr jk"Vªla?k dh ekuo fodkl fjiksVZ
(2016) osQ vuqlkj fodkl'khy ns'kksa
dh 66-3 djksM+ turk dks LoPN ty
miyC/ ugha gksrk vkSj ;gk¡ dh nks
vjc pkyhl djksM+ vkcknh lki
+
Q&li
+
QkbZ
dh lqfo/k ls oafpr gSaA bl otg ls
30 yk[k ls ”;knk cPps gj lky ekSr
osQ f'kdkj gksrs gSaA
çkÑfrd ou tyok;q dks larqfyr
j[kus esa enn djrs gSa] buls typØ
Hkh larqfyr cuk jgrk gS vkSj bUgha
ouksa esa /jrh dh tSo&fofo/rk dk
HkaMkj Hkjk jgrk gS ysfdu ,sls ouksa
dh dVkbZ gks jgh gS vkSj yksx
foLFkkfir gks jgs gSaA tSo&fofo/rk
dh gkfu tkjh gS vkSj bldk dkj.k gS
mu i;kZoklksa dk foèoal tks
tSo&çtkfr;ksa osQ ekeys esa le`¼ gSaA
/jrh osQ Åijh ok;qeaMy esa vks”kksu
xSl dh ek=kk esa yxkrkj deh gks
jgh gSA bls vks”kksu ijr esa Nsn gksuk
Hkh dgrs gSaA blls ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k
vkSj euq"; osQ LokLF; ij ,d cM+k
[krjk eaMjk jgk gSA
iwjs fo'o esa leqærVh; {ks=kksa dk çnw"k.k
Hkh c<+ jgk gSA ;|fi leqæ dk eè;orhZ
Hkkx vc Hkh vis{kkÑr LoPN gS ysfdu
taxy osQ loky ij
jktuhfr] ikuh osQ loky
ij jktuhfr vkSj
ok;qeaMy osQ elys ij
jktuhfr! fiQj] fdl
ckr esa jktuhfr ugha gS!
vjky osQ vklikl cls g”kkjksa yksxksa dks viuk ?kj&ckj NksM+uk iM+k D;ksafd ikuh
osQ fo"kkDr gksus ls eRL;&m|ksx u"V gks x;kA tgktjkuh m|ksx vkSj blls tqM+s
reke dkedkt [kRe gks x,A ikuh esa ued dh lkaærk osQ ”;knk c<+ tkus ls
iSnkokj de gks xbZA vusd vuqla/ku gq, ysfdu bl leL;k dk lek/ku u gks
ldkA njvly bl txg e”kkd&e”kkd esa yksx ,d&nwljs ls dgrs gSa fd ftrus
yksx lkxj osQ vè;;u osQ fy, vk;s os vxj ,d&,d ckYVh ikuh Hkh ykrs rks
;g lkxj Hkj x;k gksrkA (vjky lkxj dh vofLFkfr ns[kus le>us osQ fy,
i`"B 24 ij fn, ekufp=k dks ns[ksaA
lzksr% www.gobartimes.org
2018-19
Page 3


ifjp;
bl vè;k; esa fo'o&jktuhfr esa i;kZoj.k
vkSj lalk/uksa osQ c<+rs egÙo dh ppkZ dh
xbZ gSA 1960 osQ n'kd ls i;kZoj.k osQ elys
us tksj idM+kA blh i`"BHkwfe dks è;ku esa
j[kdj bl vè;k; esa oqQN egÙoiw.kZ
i;kZoj.k&vkanksyuksa dh rqyukRed ppkZ dh
xbZ gSA ge lk>h laink vkSj ^fo'o dh lk>h
fojklr* tSlh /kj.kkvksa osQ ckjs esa Hkh i<+saxsA
bl vè;k; dks i<+dj vki la{ksi esa tku
ldrs gSa fd i;kZoj.k ls tqM+h gky dh cglksa
esa Hkkjr us dkSu&lk i{k fy;k gSA blosQ ckn
vè;k; esa lalk/uksa dh gksM+ ls tqM+h oSf'od
jktuhfr dh ,d laf{kIr ppkZ dh xbZ gSA
vè;k; dk lekiu ;g crkrs gq, fd;k x;k
gS fd ledkyhu fo'o&jktuhfr esa gkf'k,
ij [kM+h ewyoklh turk (Indigenous
people) osQ bu lokyksa ls D;k ljksdkj gSa
vkSj og D;k lksprh gSA
vè;k; 8
i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd
i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd
lalk/ku lalk/ku
lalk/ku lalk/ku lalk/ku
1992 osQ i`Foh lEesyu us i;kZoj.k dks fo'o jktuhfr osQ çeq[k eqíksa esa
'kkfey djk fn;kA ;gk¡ fn, x, fp=kksa esa o"kkZ osQ ou vkSj xjku
(esuxzksOl) ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA
2018-19
ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr 118
oSf'od jktuhfr esa i;kZoj.k dh
fpark D;ksas\
bl iqLrd esa geus fo'o&jktuhfr ij cM+s
lhfer vFkks± esa ppkZ dh gS] elyu geus
;q¼ vkSj laf/ dh ckrsa dha_ jkT;'kfDr osQ
mRFkku vkSj iru dh ppkZ gqbZ ;k fiQj geus
varjkZ"Vªh; iQyd ij vius ns'k dh uqekbanxh
djus okyh ljdkjksa vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa
dh ckrsa dhaA vè;k; lkr esa geus
fo'o&jktuhfr osQ nk;js dks FkksM+k c<+kdj
mlesa xjhch vkSj egkekjh tSls fo"k; Hkh
'kkfey dj fy, gSaA ,slk djus esa dksbZ
eqf'dy Hkh ugha D;ksafd ge lc ekurs gSa
fd xjhch vkSj egkekjh ij vaoqQ'k j[kus dh
ftEesnkjh ljdkj dh gSA bl vFkZ esa ;s eqís
fo'o&jktuhfr osQ nk;js esa gh vkrs gSaA vc
”kjk bu eqíksa ij fopkj dhft,A D;k vki
ekurs gSa fd bu tSls eqís ledkyhu
fo'o&jktuhfr osQ nk;js esa vkrs gSa\
nqfu;k Hkj esa Ñf"k&;ksX; Hkwfe esa vc
dksbZ c<+ksÙkjh ugha gks jgh tcfd ekStwnk
mitkÅ tehu osQ ,d cM+s fgLls dh
moZjrk de gks jgh gSA pkjkxkgksa osQ pkjs
[kRe gksus dks gSa vkSj eRL;&HkaMkj ?kV
jgk gSA tyk'k;ksa dh tyjkf'k cM+h
rsth ls de gqbZ gS mlesa çnw"k.k c<+k
gSA blls [kk|& mRiknu esa deh vk
jgh gSA
la;qDr jk"Vªla?k dh ekuo fodkl fjiksVZ
(2016) osQ vuqlkj fodkl'khy ns'kksa
dh 66-3 djksM+ turk dks LoPN ty
miyC/ ugha gksrk vkSj ;gk¡ dh nks
vjc pkyhl djksM+ vkcknh lki
+
Q&li
+
QkbZ
dh lqfo/k ls oafpr gSaA bl otg ls
30 yk[k ls ”;knk cPps gj lky ekSr
osQ f'kdkj gksrs gSaA
çkÑfrd ou tyok;q dks larqfyr
j[kus esa enn djrs gSa] buls typØ
Hkh larqfyr cuk jgrk gS vkSj bUgha
ouksa esa /jrh dh tSo&fofo/rk dk
HkaMkj Hkjk jgrk gS ysfdu ,sls ouksa
dh dVkbZ gks jgh gS vkSj yksx
foLFkkfir gks jgs gSaA tSo&fofo/rk
dh gkfu tkjh gS vkSj bldk dkj.k gS
mu i;kZoklksa dk foèoal tks
tSo&çtkfr;ksa osQ ekeys esa le`¼ gSaA
/jrh osQ Åijh ok;qeaMy esa vks”kksu
xSl dh ek=kk esa yxkrkj deh gks
jgh gSA bls vks”kksu ijr esa Nsn gksuk
Hkh dgrs gSaA blls ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k
vkSj euq"; osQ LokLF; ij ,d cM+k
[krjk eaMjk jgk gSA
iwjs fo'o esa leqærVh; {ks=kksa dk çnw"k.k
Hkh c<+ jgk gSA ;|fi leqæ dk eè;orhZ
Hkkx vc Hkh vis{kkÑr LoPN gS ysfdu
taxy osQ loky ij
jktuhfr] ikuh osQ loky
ij jktuhfr vkSj
ok;qeaMy osQ elys ij
jktuhfr! fiQj] fdl
ckr esa jktuhfr ugha gS!
vjky osQ vklikl cls g”kkjksa yksxksa dks viuk ?kj&ckj NksM+uk iM+k D;ksafd ikuh
osQ fo"kkDr gksus ls eRL;&m|ksx u"V gks x;kA tgktjkuh m|ksx vkSj blls tqM+s
reke dkedkt [kRe gks x,A ikuh esa ued dh lkaærk osQ ”;knk c<+ tkus ls
iSnkokj de gks xbZA vusd vuqla/ku gq, ysfdu bl leL;k dk lek/ku u gks
ldkA njvly bl txg e”kkd&e”kkd esa yksx ,d&nwljs ls dgrs gSa fd ftrus
yksx lkxj osQ vè;;u osQ fy, vk;s os vxj ,d&,d ckYVh ikuh Hkh ykrs rks
;g lkxj Hkj x;k gksrkA (vjky lkxj dh vofLFkfr ns[kus le>us osQ fy,
i`"B 24 ij fn, ekufp=k dks ns[ksaA
lzksr% www.gobartimes.org
2018-19
119 i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd lalk/u
bldk rVorhZ ty tehuh fØ;kdykiksa
ls çnwf"kr gks jgk gSA iwjh nqfu;k esa
leqærVh; bykdksa esa euq";ksa dh l?ku
clkgV tkjh gS vkSj bl ço`fr ij
vaoqQ'k u yxk rks leqæh i;kZoj.k dh
xq.koÙkk esa Hkkjh fxjkoV vk,xhA
vkidks yx ldrk gS fd ;s rks uSlfxZd
?kVuk,¡ gSa vkSj budk vè;;u jktuhfr foKku
dh txg Hkwxksy okyh d{kk esa fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A ysfdu ”kjk fiQj ls lksfp,A i;kZoj.k
osQ uqdlku ls tqM+s ftu elyksa dh ppkZ
Åij dh xbZ gS mu ij vaoqQ'k j[kus osQ
fy, vxj fofHkUu ns'kksa dh ljdkjsa dne
mBkrh gSa rks bu elyksa dh ifj.kfr bl vFkZ
esa jktuhfrd gksxhA bu elyksa esa vf/dka'k
,sls gSa fd fdlh ,d ns'k dh ljdkj budk
iwjk lek/ku vosQys ne ij ugha dj ldrhA
bl otg ls ;s elys fo'o&jktuhfr dk
fgLlk cu tkrs gSaA cgjgky] i;kZoj.k vkSj
çkÑfrd lalk/uksa osQ elys ,d vkSj xgjs
vFkZ esa jktuhfrd gSaA dkSu i;kZoj.k dks
uqdlku igq¡pkrk gS\ bl ij jksd yxkus osQ
mik; djus dh ftEesnkjh fdldh gS\ /jrh
osQ çkÑfrd lalk/uksa ij fdldks fdrus
bLrseky dk gd gS\ bu lokyksa osQ tokc
cgq/k bl ckr ls fu/kZfjr gksrs gSa fd dkSu
ns'k fdruk rkdroj gSA bl rjg ;s elys
xgjs vFkks± esa jktuhfrd gSaA
gkyk¡fd i;kZoj.k ls tqM+s ljksdkjksa dk
yack bfrgkl gS ysfdu vkfFkZd fodkl osQ
dkj.k i;kZoj.k ij gksus okys vlj dh fpark
us 1960 osQ n'kd osQ ckn ls jktuhfrd
pfj=k xzg.k fd;kA oSf'od ekeyksa ls ljksdkj
j[kus okys ,d fo}r~ lewg ^Dyc vkWo jkse*
us 1972 esa ^fyfeV~l Vw xzksFk* 'kh"kZd ls ,d
iqLrd çdkf'kr dhA ;g iqLrd nqfu;k dh
c<+rh tula[;k osQ vkyksd esa çkÑfrd
lalk/uksa osQ fouk'k osQ vans'ks dks cM+h [kwch
ls crkrh gSA la;qDr jk"Vªla?k i;kZoj.k dk;ZØe
(UNEP) lfgr vusd varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa
us i;kZoj.k ls tqM+h leL;kvksa ij lEesyu
djk;s vkSj bl fo"k; ij vè;;u dks c<+kok
nsuk 'kq: fd;kA bl ç;kl dk mís';
i;kZoj.k dh leL;kvksa ij ”;knk dkjxj
vkSj lqy>h gqbZ igydnfe;ksa dh 'kq#vkr
djuk FkkA rHkh ls i;kZoj.k oSf'od jktuhfr
dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ elyk cu x;kA
1992 esa la;qDr jk"Vªla?k dk i;kZoj.k
vkSj fodkl osQ eqís ij osaQfær ,d lEesyu]
czkthy osQ fj;ks Mh tusfj;ks esa gqvkA bls
i`Foh lEesyu (Earth Summit) dgk
tkrk gSA bl lEesyu esa 170 ns'k] g”kkjksa
Lo;alsoh laxBu rFkk vusd cgqjk"Vªh; fuxeksa
us Hkkx fy;kA oSf'od jktuhfr osQ nk;js esa
i;kZoj.k dks ysdj c<+rs ljksdkjksa dks bl
oSf'od rkio`f¼
;gk¡ vaxqfy;ksa dks fpeuh vkSj fo'o dks ,d ykbZVj osQ :i esa fn[kk;k x;k
gSA ,slk D;ksa\
vius ikl&iM+ksl
dh ,slh [kcjksa
dh drjusa tqVk,¡
ftuesa i;kZoj.k
vkSj jktuhfr osQ
chp laca/
fn[kkbZ nsrk gksA
,jsl] osQxYl dkVZwu
2018-19
Page 4


ifjp;
bl vè;k; esa fo'o&jktuhfr esa i;kZoj.k
vkSj lalk/uksa osQ c<+rs egÙo dh ppkZ dh
xbZ gSA 1960 osQ n'kd ls i;kZoj.k osQ elys
us tksj idM+kA blh i`"BHkwfe dks è;ku esa
j[kdj bl vè;k; esa oqQN egÙoiw.kZ
i;kZoj.k&vkanksyuksa dh rqyukRed ppkZ dh
xbZ gSA ge lk>h laink vkSj ^fo'o dh lk>h
fojklr* tSlh /kj.kkvksa osQ ckjs esa Hkh i<+saxsA
bl vè;k; dks i<+dj vki la{ksi esa tku
ldrs gSa fd i;kZoj.k ls tqM+h gky dh cglksa
esa Hkkjr us dkSu&lk i{k fy;k gSA blosQ ckn
vè;k; esa lalk/uksa dh gksM+ ls tqM+h oSf'od
jktuhfr dh ,d laf{kIr ppkZ dh xbZ gSA
vè;k; dk lekiu ;g crkrs gq, fd;k x;k
gS fd ledkyhu fo'o&jktuhfr esa gkf'k,
ij [kM+h ewyoklh turk (Indigenous
people) osQ bu lokyksa ls D;k ljksdkj gSa
vkSj og D;k lksprh gSA
vè;k; 8
i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd
i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd
lalk/ku lalk/ku
lalk/ku lalk/ku lalk/ku
1992 osQ i`Foh lEesyu us i;kZoj.k dks fo'o jktuhfr osQ çeq[k eqíksa esa
'kkfey djk fn;kA ;gk¡ fn, x, fp=kksa esa o"kkZ osQ ou vkSj xjku
(esuxzksOl) ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA
2018-19
ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr 118
oSf'od jktuhfr esa i;kZoj.k dh
fpark D;ksas\
bl iqLrd esa geus fo'o&jktuhfr ij cM+s
lhfer vFkks± esa ppkZ dh gS] elyu geus
;q¼ vkSj laf/ dh ckrsa dha_ jkT;'kfDr osQ
mRFkku vkSj iru dh ppkZ gqbZ ;k fiQj geus
varjkZ"Vªh; iQyd ij vius ns'k dh uqekbanxh
djus okyh ljdkjksa vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa
dh ckrsa dhaA vè;k; lkr esa geus
fo'o&jktuhfr osQ nk;js dks FkksM+k c<+kdj
mlesa xjhch vkSj egkekjh tSls fo"k; Hkh
'kkfey dj fy, gSaA ,slk djus esa dksbZ
eqf'dy Hkh ugha D;ksafd ge lc ekurs gSa
fd xjhch vkSj egkekjh ij vaoqQ'k j[kus dh
ftEesnkjh ljdkj dh gSA bl vFkZ esa ;s eqís
fo'o&jktuhfr osQ nk;js esa gh vkrs gSaA vc
”kjk bu eqíksa ij fopkj dhft,A D;k vki
ekurs gSa fd bu tSls eqís ledkyhu
fo'o&jktuhfr osQ nk;js esa vkrs gSa\
nqfu;k Hkj esa Ñf"k&;ksX; Hkwfe esa vc
dksbZ c<+ksÙkjh ugha gks jgh tcfd ekStwnk
mitkÅ tehu osQ ,d cM+s fgLls dh
moZjrk de gks jgh gSA pkjkxkgksa osQ pkjs
[kRe gksus dks gSa vkSj eRL;&HkaMkj ?kV
jgk gSA tyk'k;ksa dh tyjkf'k cM+h
rsth ls de gqbZ gS mlesa çnw"k.k c<+k
gSA blls [kk|& mRiknu esa deh vk
jgh gSA
la;qDr jk"Vªla?k dh ekuo fodkl fjiksVZ
(2016) osQ vuqlkj fodkl'khy ns'kksa
dh 66-3 djksM+ turk dks LoPN ty
miyC/ ugha gksrk vkSj ;gk¡ dh nks
vjc pkyhl djksM+ vkcknh lki
+
Q&li
+
QkbZ
dh lqfo/k ls oafpr gSaA bl otg ls
30 yk[k ls ”;knk cPps gj lky ekSr
osQ f'kdkj gksrs gSaA
çkÑfrd ou tyok;q dks larqfyr
j[kus esa enn djrs gSa] buls typØ
Hkh larqfyr cuk jgrk gS vkSj bUgha
ouksa esa /jrh dh tSo&fofo/rk dk
HkaMkj Hkjk jgrk gS ysfdu ,sls ouksa
dh dVkbZ gks jgh gS vkSj yksx
foLFkkfir gks jgs gSaA tSo&fofo/rk
dh gkfu tkjh gS vkSj bldk dkj.k gS
mu i;kZoklksa dk foèoal tks
tSo&çtkfr;ksa osQ ekeys esa le`¼ gSaA
/jrh osQ Åijh ok;qeaMy esa vks”kksu
xSl dh ek=kk esa yxkrkj deh gks
jgh gSA bls vks”kksu ijr esa Nsn gksuk
Hkh dgrs gSaA blls ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k
vkSj euq"; osQ LokLF; ij ,d cM+k
[krjk eaMjk jgk gSA
iwjs fo'o esa leqærVh; {ks=kksa dk çnw"k.k
Hkh c<+ jgk gSA ;|fi leqæ dk eè;orhZ
Hkkx vc Hkh vis{kkÑr LoPN gS ysfdu
taxy osQ loky ij
jktuhfr] ikuh osQ loky
ij jktuhfr vkSj
ok;qeaMy osQ elys ij
jktuhfr! fiQj] fdl
ckr esa jktuhfr ugha gS!
vjky osQ vklikl cls g”kkjksa yksxksa dks viuk ?kj&ckj NksM+uk iM+k D;ksafd ikuh
osQ fo"kkDr gksus ls eRL;&m|ksx u"V gks x;kA tgktjkuh m|ksx vkSj blls tqM+s
reke dkedkt [kRe gks x,A ikuh esa ued dh lkaærk osQ ”;knk c<+ tkus ls
iSnkokj de gks xbZA vusd vuqla/ku gq, ysfdu bl leL;k dk lek/ku u gks
ldkA njvly bl txg e”kkd&e”kkd esa yksx ,d&nwljs ls dgrs gSa fd ftrus
yksx lkxj osQ vè;;u osQ fy, vk;s os vxj ,d&,d ckYVh ikuh Hkh ykrs rks
;g lkxj Hkj x;k gksrkA (vjky lkxj dh vofLFkfr ns[kus le>us osQ fy,
i`"B 24 ij fn, ekufp=k dks ns[ksaA
lzksr% www.gobartimes.org
2018-19
119 i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd lalk/u
bldk rVorhZ ty tehuh fØ;kdykiksa
ls çnwf"kr gks jgk gSA iwjh nqfu;k esa
leqærVh; bykdksa esa euq";ksa dh l?ku
clkgV tkjh gS vkSj bl ço`fr ij
vaoqQ'k u yxk rks leqæh i;kZoj.k dh
xq.koÙkk esa Hkkjh fxjkoV vk,xhA
vkidks yx ldrk gS fd ;s rks uSlfxZd
?kVuk,¡ gSa vkSj budk vè;;u jktuhfr foKku
dh txg Hkwxksy okyh d{kk esa fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A ysfdu ”kjk fiQj ls lksfp,A i;kZoj.k
osQ uqdlku ls tqM+s ftu elyksa dh ppkZ
Åij dh xbZ gS mu ij vaoqQ'k j[kus osQ
fy, vxj fofHkUu ns'kksa dh ljdkjsa dne
mBkrh gSa rks bu elyksa dh ifj.kfr bl vFkZ
esa jktuhfrd gksxhA bu elyksa esa vf/dka'k
,sls gSa fd fdlh ,d ns'k dh ljdkj budk
iwjk lek/ku vosQys ne ij ugha dj ldrhA
bl otg ls ;s elys fo'o&jktuhfr dk
fgLlk cu tkrs gSaA cgjgky] i;kZoj.k vkSj
çkÑfrd lalk/uksa osQ elys ,d vkSj xgjs
vFkZ esa jktuhfrd gSaA dkSu i;kZoj.k dks
uqdlku igq¡pkrk gS\ bl ij jksd yxkus osQ
mik; djus dh ftEesnkjh fdldh gS\ /jrh
osQ çkÑfrd lalk/uksa ij fdldks fdrus
bLrseky dk gd gS\ bu lokyksa osQ tokc
cgq/k bl ckr ls fu/kZfjr gksrs gSa fd dkSu
ns'k fdruk rkdroj gSA bl rjg ;s elys
xgjs vFkks± esa jktuhfrd gSaA
gkyk¡fd i;kZoj.k ls tqM+s ljksdkjksa dk
yack bfrgkl gS ysfdu vkfFkZd fodkl osQ
dkj.k i;kZoj.k ij gksus okys vlj dh fpark
us 1960 osQ n'kd osQ ckn ls jktuhfrd
pfj=k xzg.k fd;kA oSf'od ekeyksa ls ljksdkj
j[kus okys ,d fo}r~ lewg ^Dyc vkWo jkse*
us 1972 esa ^fyfeV~l Vw xzksFk* 'kh"kZd ls ,d
iqLrd çdkf'kr dhA ;g iqLrd nqfu;k dh
c<+rh tula[;k osQ vkyksd esa çkÑfrd
lalk/uksa osQ fouk'k osQ vans'ks dks cM+h [kwch
ls crkrh gSA la;qDr jk"Vªla?k i;kZoj.k dk;ZØe
(UNEP) lfgr vusd varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa
us i;kZoj.k ls tqM+h leL;kvksa ij lEesyu
djk;s vkSj bl fo"k; ij vè;;u dks c<+kok
nsuk 'kq: fd;kA bl ç;kl dk mís';
i;kZoj.k dh leL;kvksa ij ”;knk dkjxj
vkSj lqy>h gqbZ igydnfe;ksa dh 'kq#vkr
djuk FkkA rHkh ls i;kZoj.k oSf'od jktuhfr
dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ elyk cu x;kA
1992 esa la;qDr jk"Vªla?k dk i;kZoj.k
vkSj fodkl osQ eqís ij osaQfær ,d lEesyu]
czkthy osQ fj;ks Mh tusfj;ks esa gqvkA bls
i`Foh lEesyu (Earth Summit) dgk
tkrk gSA bl lEesyu esa 170 ns'k] g”kkjksa
Lo;alsoh laxBu rFkk vusd cgqjk"Vªh; fuxeksa
us Hkkx fy;kA oSf'od jktuhfr osQ nk;js esa
i;kZoj.k dks ysdj c<+rs ljksdkjksa dks bl
oSf'od rkio`f¼
;gk¡ vaxqfy;ksa dks fpeuh vkSj fo'o dks ,d ykbZVj osQ :i esa fn[kk;k x;k
gSA ,slk D;ksa\
vius ikl&iM+ksl
dh ,slh [kcjksa
dh drjusa tqVk,¡
ftuesa i;kZoj.k
vkSj jktuhfr osQ
chp laca/
fn[kkbZ nsrk gksA
,jsl] osQxYl dkVZwu
2018-19
ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr 120
lEesyu esa ,d Bksl :i feykA bl lEesyu
ls ik¡p lky igys (1987) ^voj dkWeu
Ý;wpj* 'kh"kZd cVZySaM fjiksVZ Nih FkhA fjiksVZ
esa psrk;k x;k Fkk fd vkfFkZd fodkl osQ
pkyw rkSj&rjhosQ vkxs pydj fVdkÅ lkfcr
ugha gksaxsA fo'o osQ nf{k.kh fgLls esa vkS|ksfxd
fodkl dh ek¡x ”;knk çcy gS vkSj fjiksVZ
esa blh gokys ls psrkouh nh xbZ FkhA
fj;ks&lEesyu esa ;g ckr [kqydj lkeus
vk;h fd fo'o osQ /uh vkSj fodflr ns'k
;kuh mÙkjh xksyk¼Z rFkk xjhc vkSj fodkl'khy
ns'k ;kuh nf{k.kh xksyk¼Z i;kZoj.k osQ
vyx&vyx vtsaMs osQ iSjksdkj gSaA mÙkjh
ns'kksa dh eq[; fpark vks”kksu ijr dh Nsn
vkSj oSf'od rkio`f¼ (Xykscy ofe±x) dks
ysdj FkhA nf{k.kh ns'k vkfFkZd fodkl vkSj
i;kZoj.k çca/u osQ vkilh fj'rs dks lqy>kus
osQ fy, ”;knk fpafrr FksA
fj;ks&lEesyu esa tyok;q&ifjorZu]
tSo&fofo/rk vkSj okfudh osQ laca/ esa oqQN
fu;ekpkj fu/kZfjr gq,A blesa ^vtsaMk&21*
osQ :i esa fodkl osQ oqQN rkSj&rjhosQ Hkh
lq>k, x,A ysfdu blosQ ckn Hkh vkilh
varj vkSj dfBukb;k¡ cuh jghaA lEesyu esa
bl ckr ij lgefr cuh fd vkfFkZd o`f¼
dk rjhdk ,slk gksuk pkfg, fd blls i;kZoj.k
dks uqdlku u igq¡psA bls ^fVdkÅ fodkl*
dk rjhdk dgk x;kA ysfdu leL;k ;g Fkh
fd ^fVdkÅ fodkl* ij vey dSls fd;k
tk,xkA oqQN vkykspdksa dk dguk gS fd
^vtsaMk&21* dk >qdko i;kZoj.k laj{k.k
dks lqfuf'pr djus osQ ctk; vkfFkZd o`f¼
dh vksj gSA vkb,] vc i;kZoj.k  dh
oSf'od jktuhfr osQ oqQN fookfnr eqíksa ij
,d u”kj Mkyrs gSaA
fo'o dh lk>h laink dh lqj{kk
lk>h laink mu lalk/uksa dks dgrs gSa ftu
ij fdlh ,d dk ugha cfYd iwjs leqnk;
dk vf/dkj gksrk gSA la;qDr ifjokj dk
pwYgk] pkjkxkg] eSnku] oqQvk¡ ;k unh lk>h
laink osQ mnkgj.k gSaA blh rjg fo'o osQ
oqQN fgLls vkSj {ks=k fdlh ,d ns'k osQ
laçHkq {ks=kkf/dkj ls ckgj gksrs gSaA blhfy,
mudk çca/u lk>s rkSj ij varjkZ"Vªh; leqnk;
}kjk fd;k tkrk gSA bUgsa ^oSf'od laink* ;k
D;k i`Foh dh lqj{kk dks ysdj /uh vkSj xjhc ns'kksa osQ u”kfj, esa varj gS\
vxj vki bl xzg dks
cpkuk pkgrs gSa rks vius
gkFk mBk,¡---
,jsl] osQxYl dkVZwu
2018-19
Page 5


ifjp;
bl vè;k; esa fo'o&jktuhfr esa i;kZoj.k
vkSj lalk/uksa osQ c<+rs egÙo dh ppkZ dh
xbZ gSA 1960 osQ n'kd ls i;kZoj.k osQ elys
us tksj idM+kA blh i`"BHkwfe dks è;ku esa
j[kdj bl vè;k; esa oqQN egÙoiw.kZ
i;kZoj.k&vkanksyuksa dh rqyukRed ppkZ dh
xbZ gSA ge lk>h laink vkSj ^fo'o dh lk>h
fojklr* tSlh /kj.kkvksa osQ ckjs esa Hkh i<+saxsA
bl vè;k; dks i<+dj vki la{ksi esa tku
ldrs gSa fd i;kZoj.k ls tqM+h gky dh cglksa
esa Hkkjr us dkSu&lk i{k fy;k gSA blosQ ckn
vè;k; esa lalk/uksa dh gksM+ ls tqM+h oSf'od
jktuhfr dh ,d laf{kIr ppkZ dh xbZ gSA
vè;k; dk lekiu ;g crkrs gq, fd;k x;k
gS fd ledkyhu fo'o&jktuhfr esa gkf'k,
ij [kM+h ewyoklh turk (Indigenous
people) osQ bu lokyksa ls D;k ljksdkj gSa
vkSj og D;k lksprh gSA
vè;k; 8
i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd
i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd
lalk/ku lalk/ku
lalk/ku lalk/ku lalk/ku
1992 osQ i`Foh lEesyu us i;kZoj.k dks fo'o jktuhfr osQ çeq[k eqíksa esa
'kkfey djk fn;kA ;gk¡ fn, x, fp=kksa esa o"kkZ osQ ou vkSj xjku
(esuxzksOl) ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA
2018-19
ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr 118
oSf'od jktuhfr esa i;kZoj.k dh
fpark D;ksas\
bl iqLrd esa geus fo'o&jktuhfr ij cM+s
lhfer vFkks± esa ppkZ dh gS] elyu geus
;q¼ vkSj laf/ dh ckrsa dha_ jkT;'kfDr osQ
mRFkku vkSj iru dh ppkZ gqbZ ;k fiQj geus
varjkZ"Vªh; iQyd ij vius ns'k dh uqekbanxh
djus okyh ljdkjksa vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa
dh ckrsa dhaA vè;k; lkr esa geus
fo'o&jktuhfr osQ nk;js dks FkksM+k c<+kdj
mlesa xjhch vkSj egkekjh tSls fo"k; Hkh
'kkfey dj fy, gSaA ,slk djus esa dksbZ
eqf'dy Hkh ugha D;ksafd ge lc ekurs gSa
fd xjhch vkSj egkekjh ij vaoqQ'k j[kus dh
ftEesnkjh ljdkj dh gSA bl vFkZ esa ;s eqís
fo'o&jktuhfr osQ nk;js esa gh vkrs gSaA vc
”kjk bu eqíksa ij fopkj dhft,A D;k vki
ekurs gSa fd bu tSls eqís ledkyhu
fo'o&jktuhfr osQ nk;js esa vkrs gSa\
nqfu;k Hkj esa Ñf"k&;ksX; Hkwfe esa vc
dksbZ c<+ksÙkjh ugha gks jgh tcfd ekStwnk
mitkÅ tehu osQ ,d cM+s fgLls dh
moZjrk de gks jgh gSA pkjkxkgksa osQ pkjs
[kRe gksus dks gSa vkSj eRL;&HkaMkj ?kV
jgk gSA tyk'k;ksa dh tyjkf'k cM+h
rsth ls de gqbZ gS mlesa çnw"k.k c<+k
gSA blls [kk|& mRiknu esa deh vk
jgh gSA
la;qDr jk"Vªla?k dh ekuo fodkl fjiksVZ
(2016) osQ vuqlkj fodkl'khy ns'kksa
dh 66-3 djksM+ turk dks LoPN ty
miyC/ ugha gksrk vkSj ;gk¡ dh nks
vjc pkyhl djksM+ vkcknh lki
+
Q&li
+
QkbZ
dh lqfo/k ls oafpr gSaA bl otg ls
30 yk[k ls ”;knk cPps gj lky ekSr
osQ f'kdkj gksrs gSaA
çkÑfrd ou tyok;q dks larqfyr
j[kus esa enn djrs gSa] buls typØ
Hkh larqfyr cuk jgrk gS vkSj bUgha
ouksa esa /jrh dh tSo&fofo/rk dk
HkaMkj Hkjk jgrk gS ysfdu ,sls ouksa
dh dVkbZ gks jgh gS vkSj yksx
foLFkkfir gks jgs gSaA tSo&fofo/rk
dh gkfu tkjh gS vkSj bldk dkj.k gS
mu i;kZoklksa dk foèoal tks
tSo&çtkfr;ksa osQ ekeys esa le`¼ gSaA
/jrh osQ Åijh ok;qeaMy esa vks”kksu
xSl dh ek=kk esa yxkrkj deh gks
jgh gSA bls vks”kksu ijr esa Nsn gksuk
Hkh dgrs gSaA blls ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k
vkSj euq"; osQ LokLF; ij ,d cM+k
[krjk eaMjk jgk gSA
iwjs fo'o esa leqærVh; {ks=kksa dk çnw"k.k
Hkh c<+ jgk gSA ;|fi leqæ dk eè;orhZ
Hkkx vc Hkh vis{kkÑr LoPN gS ysfdu
taxy osQ loky ij
jktuhfr] ikuh osQ loky
ij jktuhfr vkSj
ok;qeaMy osQ elys ij
jktuhfr! fiQj] fdl
ckr esa jktuhfr ugha gS!
vjky osQ vklikl cls g”kkjksa yksxksa dks viuk ?kj&ckj NksM+uk iM+k D;ksafd ikuh
osQ fo"kkDr gksus ls eRL;&m|ksx u"V gks x;kA tgktjkuh m|ksx vkSj blls tqM+s
reke dkedkt [kRe gks x,A ikuh esa ued dh lkaærk osQ ”;knk c<+ tkus ls
iSnkokj de gks xbZA vusd vuqla/ku gq, ysfdu bl leL;k dk lek/ku u gks
ldkA njvly bl txg e”kkd&e”kkd esa yksx ,d&nwljs ls dgrs gSa fd ftrus
yksx lkxj osQ vè;;u osQ fy, vk;s os vxj ,d&,d ckYVh ikuh Hkh ykrs rks
;g lkxj Hkj x;k gksrkA (vjky lkxj dh vofLFkfr ns[kus le>us osQ fy,
i`"B 24 ij fn, ekufp=k dks ns[ksaA
lzksr% www.gobartimes.org
2018-19
119 i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd lalk/u
bldk rVorhZ ty tehuh fØ;kdykiksa
ls çnwf"kr gks jgk gSA iwjh nqfu;k esa
leqærVh; bykdksa esa euq";ksa dh l?ku
clkgV tkjh gS vkSj bl ço`fr ij
vaoqQ'k u yxk rks leqæh i;kZoj.k dh
xq.koÙkk esa Hkkjh fxjkoV vk,xhA
vkidks yx ldrk gS fd ;s rks uSlfxZd
?kVuk,¡ gSa vkSj budk vè;;u jktuhfr foKku
dh txg Hkwxksy okyh d{kk esa fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A ysfdu ”kjk fiQj ls lksfp,A i;kZoj.k
osQ uqdlku ls tqM+s ftu elyksa dh ppkZ
Åij dh xbZ gS mu ij vaoqQ'k j[kus osQ
fy, vxj fofHkUu ns'kksa dh ljdkjsa dne
mBkrh gSa rks bu elyksa dh ifj.kfr bl vFkZ
esa jktuhfrd gksxhA bu elyksa esa vf/dka'k
,sls gSa fd fdlh ,d ns'k dh ljdkj budk
iwjk lek/ku vosQys ne ij ugha dj ldrhA
bl otg ls ;s elys fo'o&jktuhfr dk
fgLlk cu tkrs gSaA cgjgky] i;kZoj.k vkSj
çkÑfrd lalk/uksa osQ elys ,d vkSj xgjs
vFkZ esa jktuhfrd gSaA dkSu i;kZoj.k dks
uqdlku igq¡pkrk gS\ bl ij jksd yxkus osQ
mik; djus dh ftEesnkjh fdldh gS\ /jrh
osQ çkÑfrd lalk/uksa ij fdldks fdrus
bLrseky dk gd gS\ bu lokyksa osQ tokc
cgq/k bl ckr ls fu/kZfjr gksrs gSa fd dkSu
ns'k fdruk rkdroj gSA bl rjg ;s elys
xgjs vFkks± esa jktuhfrd gSaA
gkyk¡fd i;kZoj.k ls tqM+s ljksdkjksa dk
yack bfrgkl gS ysfdu vkfFkZd fodkl osQ
dkj.k i;kZoj.k ij gksus okys vlj dh fpark
us 1960 osQ n'kd osQ ckn ls jktuhfrd
pfj=k xzg.k fd;kA oSf'od ekeyksa ls ljksdkj
j[kus okys ,d fo}r~ lewg ^Dyc vkWo jkse*
us 1972 esa ^fyfeV~l Vw xzksFk* 'kh"kZd ls ,d
iqLrd çdkf'kr dhA ;g iqLrd nqfu;k dh
c<+rh tula[;k osQ vkyksd esa çkÑfrd
lalk/uksa osQ fouk'k osQ vans'ks dks cM+h [kwch
ls crkrh gSA la;qDr jk"Vªla?k i;kZoj.k dk;ZØe
(UNEP) lfgr vusd varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa
us i;kZoj.k ls tqM+h leL;kvksa ij lEesyu
djk;s vkSj bl fo"k; ij vè;;u dks c<+kok
nsuk 'kq: fd;kA bl ç;kl dk mís';
i;kZoj.k dh leL;kvksa ij ”;knk dkjxj
vkSj lqy>h gqbZ igydnfe;ksa dh 'kq#vkr
djuk FkkA rHkh ls i;kZoj.k oSf'od jktuhfr
dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ elyk cu x;kA
1992 esa la;qDr jk"Vªla?k dk i;kZoj.k
vkSj fodkl osQ eqís ij osaQfær ,d lEesyu]
czkthy osQ fj;ks Mh tusfj;ks esa gqvkA bls
i`Foh lEesyu (Earth Summit) dgk
tkrk gSA bl lEesyu esa 170 ns'k] g”kkjksa
Lo;alsoh laxBu rFkk vusd cgqjk"Vªh; fuxeksa
us Hkkx fy;kA oSf'od jktuhfr osQ nk;js esa
i;kZoj.k dks ysdj c<+rs ljksdkjksa dks bl
oSf'od rkio`f¼
;gk¡ vaxqfy;ksa dks fpeuh vkSj fo'o dks ,d ykbZVj osQ :i esa fn[kk;k x;k
gSA ,slk D;ksa\
vius ikl&iM+ksl
dh ,slh [kcjksa
dh drjusa tqVk,¡
ftuesa i;kZoj.k
vkSj jktuhfr osQ
chp laca/
fn[kkbZ nsrk gksA
,jsl] osQxYl dkVZwu
2018-19
ledkyhu fo'o jktuhfr 120
lEesyu esa ,d Bksl :i feykA bl lEesyu
ls ik¡p lky igys (1987) ^voj dkWeu
Ý;wpj* 'kh"kZd cVZySaM fjiksVZ Nih FkhA fjiksVZ
esa psrk;k x;k Fkk fd vkfFkZd fodkl osQ
pkyw rkSj&rjhosQ vkxs pydj fVdkÅ lkfcr
ugha gksaxsA fo'o osQ nf{k.kh fgLls esa vkS|ksfxd
fodkl dh ek¡x ”;knk çcy gS vkSj fjiksVZ
esa blh gokys ls psrkouh nh xbZ FkhA
fj;ks&lEesyu esa ;g ckr [kqydj lkeus
vk;h fd fo'o osQ /uh vkSj fodflr ns'k
;kuh mÙkjh xksyk¼Z rFkk xjhc vkSj fodkl'khy
ns'k ;kuh nf{k.kh xksyk¼Z i;kZoj.k osQ
vyx&vyx vtsaMs osQ iSjksdkj gSaA mÙkjh
ns'kksa dh eq[; fpark vks”kksu ijr dh Nsn
vkSj oSf'od rkio`f¼ (Xykscy ofe±x) dks
ysdj FkhA nf{k.kh ns'k vkfFkZd fodkl vkSj
i;kZoj.k çca/u osQ vkilh fj'rs dks lqy>kus
osQ fy, ”;knk fpafrr FksA
fj;ks&lEesyu esa tyok;q&ifjorZu]
tSo&fofo/rk vkSj okfudh osQ laca/ esa oqQN
fu;ekpkj fu/kZfjr gq,A blesa ^vtsaMk&21*
osQ :i esa fodkl osQ oqQN rkSj&rjhosQ Hkh
lq>k, x,A ysfdu blosQ ckn Hkh vkilh
varj vkSj dfBukb;k¡ cuh jghaA lEesyu esa
bl ckr ij lgefr cuh fd vkfFkZd o`f¼
dk rjhdk ,slk gksuk pkfg, fd blls i;kZoj.k
dks uqdlku u igq¡psA bls ^fVdkÅ fodkl*
dk rjhdk dgk x;kA ysfdu leL;k ;g Fkh
fd ^fVdkÅ fodkl* ij vey dSls fd;k
tk,xkA oqQN vkykspdksa dk dguk gS fd
^vtsaMk&21* dk >qdko i;kZoj.k laj{k.k
dks lqfuf'pr djus osQ ctk; vkfFkZd o`f¼
dh vksj gSA vkb,] vc i;kZoj.k  dh
oSf'od jktuhfr osQ oqQN fookfnr eqíksa ij
,d u”kj Mkyrs gSaA
fo'o dh lk>h laink dh lqj{kk
lk>h laink mu lalk/uksa dks dgrs gSa ftu
ij fdlh ,d dk ugha cfYd iwjs leqnk;
dk vf/dkj gksrk gSA la;qDr ifjokj dk
pwYgk] pkjkxkg] eSnku] oqQvk¡ ;k unh lk>h
laink osQ mnkgj.k gSaA blh rjg fo'o osQ
oqQN fgLls vkSj {ks=k fdlh ,d ns'k osQ
laçHkq {ks=kkf/dkj ls ckgj gksrs gSaA blhfy,
mudk çca/u lk>s rkSj ij varjkZ"Vªh; leqnk;
}kjk fd;k tkrk gSA bUgsa ^oSf'od laink* ;k
D;k i`Foh dh lqj{kk dks ysdj /uh vkSj xjhc ns'kksa osQ u”kfj, esa varj gS\
vxj vki bl xzg dks
cpkuk pkgrs gSa rks vius
gkFk mBk,¡---
,jsl] osQxYl dkVZwu
2018-19
121 i;kZoj.k vkSj çkÑfrd lalk/u
^ekuork dh lk>h fojklr* dgk tkrk gSA
blesa i`Foh dk ok;qeaMy] vaVkoZQfVdk] leqæh
lrg vkSj ckgjh varfj{k 'kkfey gSaA
^oSf'od laink* dh lqj{kk osQ loky
ij varjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx dk;e djuk Vs<+h
[khj gSA bl fn'kk esa oqQN egÙoiw.kZ le>kSrs
tSls vaVkoZQfVdk laf/ (1959)] ekafVª;y
U;k;kpkj (çksVksdkWy 1987) vkSj vaVkoZQfVdk
i;kZoj.kh; U;k;kpkj (1991) gks pqosQ gSaA
ikfjfLFkfrdh ls tqM+s gj elys osQ lkFk ,d
cM+h leL;k ;g tqM+h gS fd viq"V oSKkfud
lk{;ksa vkSj le;&lhek dks ysdj erHksn iSnk
gksrs gSaA ,sls esa ,d loZ&lkekU; i;kZoj.kh;
vtsaMk ij lgefr dk;e djuk eqf'dy
cgqr tYnh gh gesa
lquus dks feysxk fd
paæek dk i;kZoj.k Hkh
u"V gks x;k gSA
vaVkoZQfVd egkns'kh; bykdk 1 djksM+ 40 yk[k oxZ
fdyksehVj esa iQSyk gqvk gSA fo'o osQ futZu {ks=k dk
26 çfr'kr fgLlk blh egkns'k osQ varxZr vkrk gSA
LFkyh; fge dk 90 çfr'kr fgLlk vkSj /jrh ij
ekStwn LoPN ty dk 70 çfr'kr fgLlk bl egkns'k
esa ekStwn gSA vaVkoZQfVd egkns'k dk 3 djksM+ 60
yk[k oxZ fdyksehVj rd vfrfjDr foLrkj leqæ esa
gSA lhfer LFkyh; thou okys bl egkns'k dk leqæh
ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=k vR;ar moZj gS ftlesa oqQN ikni
(lw{e 'kSoky] dod vkSj ykbosQu)] leqæh Lru/kjh
tho] eRL; rFkk dfBu okrkoj.k esa thou;kiu osQ
fy, vuqowQfyr fofHkUu i{kh 'kkfey gSaA blesa fØy
eNyh Hkh 'kkfey gS tks leqæh vkgkj  Ük`a[kyk dh /qjh
gS vkSj ftl ij nwljs tkuojksa dk vkgkj fuHkZj gSA
vaVkoZQfVd çns'k fo'o dh tyok;q dks larqfyr j[kus
esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA bl egkns'k dh
van:uh fgekuh ijr xzhu gkÅl xSl osQ teko dk
egÙoiw.kZ lwpuk&lzksr gSA lkFk gh] blls yk[kksa cjl
igys osQ ok;qeaMyh; rkieku dk irk fd;k tk ldrk gSA
fo'o osQ lcls lqnwj Ba<+s vkSj >a>kokrh egkns'k vaVkoZQfVdk ij fdldk LokfeRo gS\ blosQ ckjs esa nks nkos fd;s tkrs gSaaA oqQN
ns'k  tSls µ fczVsu] vtsZUVhuk] fpys] ukosZ] çQkal] vkWLVªsfy;k vkSj U;wthySaM us vaVkoZQfVd {ks=k ij vius laçHkq vf/dkj dk oS/kfud
nkok fd;kA vU; vf/dka'k ns'kksa us blls myVk #[k viuk;k fd vaVkoZQfVd çns'k fo'o dh lk>h laink gS vkSj ;g fdlh Hkh
ns'k osQ {ks=kkf/dkj esa 'kkfey ugha gSA bl erHksn osQ jgrs vaVkoZQfVdk osQ i;kZoj.k vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k dh lqj{kk osQ fu;e cus
vkSj viuk;s x,A ;s fu;e dYiuk'khy vkSj nwjxkeh çHkko okys gSaA vaVkoZQfVdk vkSj i`Foh osQ /zqoh; {ks=k i;kZoj.k&lqj{kk osQ fo'ks"k
{ks=kh; fu;eksa osQ varxZr vkrs gSaA
1959 osQ ckn bl bykosQ esa xfrfof/;k¡ oSKkfud vuqla/ku] eRL; vk[ksV vkSj i;ZVu rd lhfer jgh gSaA ysfdu bruh de
xfrfof/;ksa osQ ckotwn bl {ks=k osQ oqQN fgLls vof'k"V inkFkZ tSls rsy osQ fjlko osQ ncko esa viuh xq.koÙkk [kks jgs gSaA
vaVkoZQfVdk ij fdldk LokfeRo gS\
2018-19
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एनसीईआरटी पाठ्यपुस्तक: पर्यावरण और प्राकृतिक संसाधन | Must Read Old & New NCERTs for UPSC CSE (Hindi)

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एनसीईआरटी पाठ्यपुस्तक: पर्यावरण और प्राकृतिक संसाधन | Must Read Old & New NCERTs for UPSC CSE (Hindi)

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एनसीईआरटी पाठ्यपुस्तक: पर्यावरण और प्राकृतिक संसाधन | Must Read Old & New NCERTs for UPSC CSE (Hindi)

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