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 Page 1


176
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
ifjp;
osaQæh; vkSj çknsf'kd Lrj ij fuokZfpr ljdkj dh ekStwnxh gh fdlh yksdra=k osQ fy,
dkiQh ughaA yksdra=k osQ fy, ;g Hkh ”k:jh gS fd LFkkuh; Lrj ij LFkkuh; ekeyksa dh
ns[kHkky djus okyh ,d fuf'pr ljdkj gksA bl vè;k; esa ge vius ns'k esa ekStwn
LFkkuh; ljdkj dh cukoV dk vè;;u djsaxsA ge ;g Hkh i<+saxs fd LFkkuh; ljdkj dk
D;k egÙo gS vkSj mls Lora=k :i ls 'kfDr çnku djus osQ D;k jkLrs gSaA ;g vè;k; i<+us
osQ ckn vki tku losaQxs fd µ
± LFkkuh; 'kkldh; fudk;ksa dk egÙo D;k gS]
± lafo/ku osQ 73osa vkSj 74osa la'kks/u osQ varxZr D;k çko/ku fd, x, gSa] vkSj
± LFkkuh; 'kkldh; fudk;ksa osQ dke vkSj ftEesnkfj;k¡ dkSu&dkSu&lh gSa\
vè;k; 8
LFkkuh; 'kklu
2018-19
Page 2


176
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
ifjp;
osaQæh; vkSj çknsf'kd Lrj ij fuokZfpr ljdkj dh ekStwnxh gh fdlh yksdra=k osQ fy,
dkiQh ughaA yksdra=k osQ fy, ;g Hkh ”k:jh gS fd LFkkuh; Lrj ij LFkkuh; ekeyksa dh
ns[kHkky djus okyh ,d fuf'pr ljdkj gksA bl vè;k; esa ge vius ns'k esa ekStwn
LFkkuh; ljdkj dh cukoV dk vè;;u djsaxsA ge ;g Hkh i<+saxs fd LFkkuh; ljdkj dk
D;k egÙo gS vkSj mls Lora=k :i ls 'kfDr çnku djus osQ D;k jkLrs gSaA ;g vè;k; i<+us
osQ ckn vki tku losaQxs fd µ
± LFkkuh; 'kkldh; fudk;ksa dk egÙo D;k gS]
± lafo/ku osQ 73osa vkSj 74osa la'kks/u osQ varxZr D;k çko/ku fd, x, gSa] vkSj
± LFkkuh; 'kkldh; fudk;ksa osQ dke vkSj ftEesnkfj;k¡ dkSu&dkSu&lh gSa\
vè;k; 8
LFkkuh; 'kklu
2018-19
177
LFkkuh; 'kklu
ysfdu D;k bl rjg osQ
mnkgj.k ugha gSa tgk¡
xk¡o dh iapk;r osQ
iq#"k lnL; us efgyk
ljiap dks ijs'kku fd;k
gks\ tc efgyk,¡ vf/dkj
osQ in ij cSBrh gSa] rks
iq#"kksa dks blls [kq'kh
D;ksa ugha gksrh\
LFkkuh; ljdkj D;ksa\
eè; çns'k dk ,d ftyk gS flgksjA xhrk jkBkSM+ blh ftys osQ tefu;k
rkykc xzke iapk;r dh jgus okyh gSaA ,d vkjf{kr lhV ls lu~ 1995 esa
xhrk ljiap fuokZfpr gqb±A ysfdu] lu~ 2000 esa xk¡o okyksa us vPNs dkeksa
dk buke nsrs gq, xhrk dks nqckjk pqukA bl ckj xhrk ,d lkekU; lhV ls
pquh xb±A xhrk x`fg.kh gqvk djrh Fkha] ysfdu og jktuhfrd :i ls ,d
nwjn'khZ usrk cudj mHkjhA mUgksaus viuh iapk;r dh tu'kfDr dk bLrseky
rkykc dks iDdk cuokus] LowQy dh bekjr vkSj xk¡o esa lM+d cuokus esa
fd;kA xhrk us viuh iapk;r dh lkewfgd 'kfDr dk bLrseky efgykvksa ij
gksus okyh ?kjsyw fgalk vkSj vR;kpkj ls yM+us] i;kZoj.k osQ çfr tkx:drk
iSnk djus vkSj vius xk¡o esa ou rFkk ty çca/u dks c<+kok nsus esa fd;kA
(iapk;r jkt viMsV] [akM&X;kjg] la&3] iQjojh&2004)
liQy efgyk dh ,slh gh ,d dFkk vkSj gSA ;g efgyk rfeyukMq osQ ,d
xk¡o osaxSoly dh ljiap FkhA lu~ 1997 esa rfeyukMq dh ljdkj us 71 ljdkjh
deZpkfj;ksa dks 2&2 gsDVs;j tehu vkcafVr dhA ;g tehu osaxSoly xzke
iapk;r osQ nk;js esa FkhA mPprj vf/dkfj;ksa osQ funsZ'k ij dkafpiqje ftys osQ
dyDVj us osaxSoly xzke iapk;r osQ ljiap dks vkns'k fn;k fd vkcafVr tehu
osQ laca/ esa tks I
+
kSQlyk fy;k tk pqdk gS] mls ekurs gq, xzke iapk;r ls bl
vk'k; dk çLrko ikfjr djk,A ljiap vkSj xzke iapk;r us dysDVj osQ bl
vkns'k dks ekuus ls budkj dj fn;kA dysDVj us ”kehu osQ vf/xzg.k dk vkns'k
fn;kA xzke iapk;r us dysDVj dh bl dkjZokbZ osQ fojks/ esa eækl mPp U;k;ky;
esa ,d ;kfpdk nk;j dhA mPp U;k;ky; dh ,dy [kaMihB us dysDVj osQ
vkns'k dks tk;t crk;kA vnkyr dk I
+
kSQlyk Fkk fd bl laca/ esa xzke iapk;r
dh vuqefr ysus dh ”k:jr ugha gSA iapk;r us bl I
+
kSQlys osQ f[kykiQ [kaMihB
osQ ikl vihy dhA [kaMihB us ,dy U;k;k/kh'k osQ I
+
kSQlys dks myV fn;kA
U;k;k/h'kksa dk I
+
kSQlyk Fkk fd ljdkjh vkns'k iapk;r dh 'kfDr;ksa dh vogsyuk
rks djrk gh gS] ;g iapk;r dh laoS/kfud gSfl;r dk Hkh ljklj mYya?ku gSA
(^iapk;r jkt viMsV* [kaM&ckjg] twu] 2005)
;s nksuksa dFkk,¡ vyx&vyx ugha gSaA LFkkuh; 'kklu dh laLFkkvksa dks
lu~ 1993 esa laoS/kfud ntkZ çnku fd;k x;kA blosQ ckn ls iwjs Hkkjr esa
cM+s iSekus ij cnyko dh ygj py iM+h gSA ;s dFkk,¡ bl cnyko dk lcwr
is'k djrh gSaA
2018-19
Page 3


176
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
ifjp;
osaQæh; vkSj çknsf'kd Lrj ij fuokZfpr ljdkj dh ekStwnxh gh fdlh yksdra=k osQ fy,
dkiQh ughaA yksdra=k osQ fy, ;g Hkh ”k:jh gS fd LFkkuh; Lrj ij LFkkuh; ekeyksa dh
ns[kHkky djus okyh ,d fuf'pr ljdkj gksA bl vè;k; esa ge vius ns'k esa ekStwn
LFkkuh; ljdkj dh cukoV dk vè;;u djsaxsA ge ;g Hkh i<+saxs fd LFkkuh; ljdkj dk
D;k egÙo gS vkSj mls Lora=k :i ls 'kfDr çnku djus osQ D;k jkLrs gSaA ;g vè;k; i<+us
osQ ckn vki tku losaQxs fd µ
± LFkkuh; 'kkldh; fudk;ksa dk egÙo D;k gS]
± lafo/ku osQ 73osa vkSj 74osa la'kks/u osQ varxZr D;k çko/ku fd, x, gSa] vkSj
± LFkkuh; 'kkldh; fudk;ksa osQ dke vkSj ftEesnkfj;k¡ dkSu&dkSu&lh gSa\
vè;k; 8
LFkkuh; 'kklu
2018-19
177
LFkkuh; 'kklu
ysfdu D;k bl rjg osQ
mnkgj.k ugha gSa tgk¡
xk¡o dh iapk;r osQ
iq#"k lnL; us efgyk
ljiap dks ijs'kku fd;k
gks\ tc efgyk,¡ vf/dkj
osQ in ij cSBrh gSa] rks
iq#"kksa dks blls [kq'kh
D;ksa ugha gksrh\
LFkkuh; ljdkj D;ksa\
eè; çns'k dk ,d ftyk gS flgksjA xhrk jkBkSM+ blh ftys osQ tefu;k
rkykc xzke iapk;r dh jgus okyh gSaA ,d vkjf{kr lhV ls lu~ 1995 esa
xhrk ljiap fuokZfpr gqb±A ysfdu] lu~ 2000 esa xk¡o okyksa us vPNs dkeksa
dk buke nsrs gq, xhrk dks nqckjk pqukA bl ckj xhrk ,d lkekU; lhV ls
pquh xb±A xhrk x`fg.kh gqvk djrh Fkha] ysfdu og jktuhfrd :i ls ,d
nwjn'khZ usrk cudj mHkjhA mUgksaus viuh iapk;r dh tu'kfDr dk bLrseky
rkykc dks iDdk cuokus] LowQy dh bekjr vkSj xk¡o esa lM+d cuokus esa
fd;kA xhrk us viuh iapk;r dh lkewfgd 'kfDr dk bLrseky efgykvksa ij
gksus okyh ?kjsyw fgalk vkSj vR;kpkj ls yM+us] i;kZoj.k osQ çfr tkx:drk
iSnk djus vkSj vius xk¡o esa ou rFkk ty çca/u dks c<+kok nsus esa fd;kA
(iapk;r jkt viMsV] [akM&X;kjg] la&3] iQjojh&2004)
liQy efgyk dh ,slh gh ,d dFkk vkSj gSA ;g efgyk rfeyukMq osQ ,d
xk¡o osaxSoly dh ljiap FkhA lu~ 1997 esa rfeyukMq dh ljdkj us 71 ljdkjh
deZpkfj;ksa dks 2&2 gsDVs;j tehu vkcafVr dhA ;g tehu osaxSoly xzke
iapk;r osQ nk;js esa FkhA mPprj vf/dkfj;ksa osQ funsZ'k ij dkafpiqje ftys osQ
dyDVj us osaxSoly xzke iapk;r osQ ljiap dks vkns'k fn;k fd vkcafVr tehu
osQ laca/ esa tks I
+
kSQlyk fy;k tk pqdk gS] mls ekurs gq, xzke iapk;r ls bl
vk'k; dk çLrko ikfjr djk,A ljiap vkSj xzke iapk;r us dysDVj osQ bl
vkns'k dks ekuus ls budkj dj fn;kA dysDVj us ”kehu osQ vf/xzg.k dk vkns'k
fn;kA xzke iapk;r us dysDVj dh bl dkjZokbZ osQ fojks/ esa eækl mPp U;k;ky;
esa ,d ;kfpdk nk;j dhA mPp U;k;ky; dh ,dy [kaMihB us dysDVj osQ
vkns'k dks tk;t crk;kA vnkyr dk I
+
kSQlyk Fkk fd bl laca/ esa xzke iapk;r
dh vuqefr ysus dh ”k:jr ugha gSA iapk;r us bl I
+
kSQlys osQ f[kykiQ [kaMihB
osQ ikl vihy dhA [kaMihB us ,dy U;k;k/kh'k osQ I
+
kSQlys dks myV fn;kA
U;k;k/h'kksa dk I
+
kSQlyk Fkk fd ljdkjh vkns'k iapk;r dh 'kfDr;ksa dh vogsyuk
rks djrk gh gS] ;g iapk;r dh laoS/kfud gSfl;r dk Hkh ljklj mYya?ku gSA
(^iapk;r jkt viMsV* [kaM&ckjg] twu] 2005)
;s nksuksa dFkk,¡ vyx&vyx ugha gSaA LFkkuh; 'kklu dh laLFkkvksa dks
lu~ 1993 esa laoS/kfud ntkZ çnku fd;k x;kA blosQ ckn ls iwjs Hkkjr esa
cM+s iSekus ij cnyko dh ygj py iM+h gSA ;s dFkk,¡ bl cnyko dk lcwr
is'k djrh gSaA
2018-19
178
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
D;k ;g laHko gS fd
gekjs ;gk¡ ljdkj fliZQ
LFkkuh; Lrj ij gks
vkSj jk"Vªh; Lrj ij
blosQ lek;kstu dk
fudk; gks\ eq>s yxrk
gS fd egkRek xka/h us
blh rjg dh dksbZ ckr
dgh FkhA
xk¡o vkSj ftyk Lrj osQ 'kklu dks LFkkuh; 'kklu dgrs gSaA LFkkuh;
'kklu vke vkneh osQ lcls utnhd dk 'kklu gSA LFkkuh; 'kklu dk
fo"k; gS vke ukxfjd dh leL;k,¡ vkSj mldh jkstejkZ dh f”kanxhA
LFkkuh; 'kklu dh ekU;rk gS fd LFkkuh; Kku vkSj LFkkuh; fgr
yksdrkaf=kd I
+
kSQlyk ysus osQ vfuok;Z ?kVd gSaA dkjxj vkSj tu&fgrdkjh
ç'kklu osQ fy, Hkh ;g ”k:jh gSA LFkkuh; 'kklu dk iQk;nk ;g gS fd
;g yksxksa osQ lcls utnhd gksrk gS vkSj bl dkj.k mudh leL;kvksa dk
lek/ku cgqr rs”kh ls rFkk de [kpsZ esa gks tkrk gSA xhrk jkBkSM+ okys
ekeys esa geus ns[kk fd mUgksaus xzke iapk;r osQ ljiap osQ :i esa lfØ;
Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gq, tefu;k rkykc iapk;r esa cM+k cnyko dj fn[kk;kA
osaxSoly xk¡o dh tehu ij ml xk¡o dk gh gd jgkA viuh tehu osQ
lkFk D;k djuk gS & ;g I
+
kSQlyk djus dk vf/dkj Hkh xk¡o osQ gkFk esa
jgkA ,slk xzke iapk;r osQ ljiap vkSj iapk;r osQ lnL;ksa osQ tq>k:
ç;klksa osQ dkj.k laHko gqvkA bl rjg LFkkuh; 'kklu yksxksa osQ LFkkuh;
fgrksa dh j{kk esa vR;ar dkjxj lkfcr gks ldrk gSA
yksdra=k dk eryc gS lkFkZd HkkxhnkjhA yksdra=k dk fj'rk tokcnsgh
ls Hkh gSA thoar vkSj etcwr LFkkuh; 'kklu lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh vkSj
mís';iw.kZ tokcnsgh dks lqfuf'pr djrk gSA xhrk jkBkSM+ dh dgkuh
çfrc¼rk osQ lkFk yksdra=k esa Hkkxhnkjh djus dh ?kVukvksa esa ,d gSA
osaxSoly xzke iapk;r us viuh tehu ij viuk gd cuk;s j[kus osQ fy,
vFkd ç;kl fd;kA ;g tokcnsgh dks lqfuf'pr djus osQ ,d fe'ku dh
felky gSA LFkkuh; 'kklu osQ Lrj ij vke ukxfjd dks mlosQ thou ls
tqM+s elyksa] ”k:jrksa vkSj mlosQ fodkl osQ ckjs esa I
+
kSQlyk ysus dh çfØ;k
dks 'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gSA
tks dke LFkkuh; Lrj ij fd;s tk ldrs gSa os dke LFkkuh; yksxksa
vkSj muosQ uqekbanksa osQ gkFk esa jgus pkfg,A yksdra=k osQ fy, ;g ”k:jh
gSA vke turk çknsf'kd vFkok osaQæh; ljdkj ls dgha ”;knk ifjfpr
LFkkuh; 'kklu ls gksrh gSA LFkkuh; 'kklu D;k dj jgk gS vkSj D;k djus
esa ukdke jgk gS & vke turk dk bl loky ls dgha ”;knk ljksdkj
gksrk gS] D;ksafd bl ckr dk lh/k vlj mldh jkstejkZ dh f”kanxh ij
2018-19
Page 4


176
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
ifjp;
osaQæh; vkSj çknsf'kd Lrj ij fuokZfpr ljdkj dh ekStwnxh gh fdlh yksdra=k osQ fy,
dkiQh ughaA yksdra=k osQ fy, ;g Hkh ”k:jh gS fd LFkkuh; Lrj ij LFkkuh; ekeyksa dh
ns[kHkky djus okyh ,d fuf'pr ljdkj gksA bl vè;k; esa ge vius ns'k esa ekStwn
LFkkuh; ljdkj dh cukoV dk vè;;u djsaxsA ge ;g Hkh i<+saxs fd LFkkuh; ljdkj dk
D;k egÙo gS vkSj mls Lora=k :i ls 'kfDr çnku djus osQ D;k jkLrs gSaA ;g vè;k; i<+us
osQ ckn vki tku losaQxs fd µ
± LFkkuh; 'kkldh; fudk;ksa dk egÙo D;k gS]
± lafo/ku osQ 73osa vkSj 74osa la'kks/u osQ varxZr D;k çko/ku fd, x, gSa] vkSj
± LFkkuh; 'kkldh; fudk;ksa osQ dke vkSj ftEesnkfj;k¡ dkSu&dkSu&lh gSa\
vè;k; 8
LFkkuh; 'kklu
2018-19
177
LFkkuh; 'kklu
ysfdu D;k bl rjg osQ
mnkgj.k ugha gSa tgk¡
xk¡o dh iapk;r osQ
iq#"k lnL; us efgyk
ljiap dks ijs'kku fd;k
gks\ tc efgyk,¡ vf/dkj
osQ in ij cSBrh gSa] rks
iq#"kksa dks blls [kq'kh
D;ksa ugha gksrh\
LFkkuh; ljdkj D;ksa\
eè; çns'k dk ,d ftyk gS flgksjA xhrk jkBkSM+ blh ftys osQ tefu;k
rkykc xzke iapk;r dh jgus okyh gSaA ,d vkjf{kr lhV ls lu~ 1995 esa
xhrk ljiap fuokZfpr gqb±A ysfdu] lu~ 2000 esa xk¡o okyksa us vPNs dkeksa
dk buke nsrs gq, xhrk dks nqckjk pqukA bl ckj xhrk ,d lkekU; lhV ls
pquh xb±A xhrk x`fg.kh gqvk djrh Fkha] ysfdu og jktuhfrd :i ls ,d
nwjn'khZ usrk cudj mHkjhA mUgksaus viuh iapk;r dh tu'kfDr dk bLrseky
rkykc dks iDdk cuokus] LowQy dh bekjr vkSj xk¡o esa lM+d cuokus esa
fd;kA xhrk us viuh iapk;r dh lkewfgd 'kfDr dk bLrseky efgykvksa ij
gksus okyh ?kjsyw fgalk vkSj vR;kpkj ls yM+us] i;kZoj.k osQ çfr tkx:drk
iSnk djus vkSj vius xk¡o esa ou rFkk ty çca/u dks c<+kok nsus esa fd;kA
(iapk;r jkt viMsV] [akM&X;kjg] la&3] iQjojh&2004)
liQy efgyk dh ,slh gh ,d dFkk vkSj gSA ;g efgyk rfeyukMq osQ ,d
xk¡o osaxSoly dh ljiap FkhA lu~ 1997 esa rfeyukMq dh ljdkj us 71 ljdkjh
deZpkfj;ksa dks 2&2 gsDVs;j tehu vkcafVr dhA ;g tehu osaxSoly xzke
iapk;r osQ nk;js esa FkhA mPprj vf/dkfj;ksa osQ funsZ'k ij dkafpiqje ftys osQ
dyDVj us osaxSoly xzke iapk;r osQ ljiap dks vkns'k fn;k fd vkcafVr tehu
osQ laca/ esa tks I
+
kSQlyk fy;k tk pqdk gS] mls ekurs gq, xzke iapk;r ls bl
vk'k; dk çLrko ikfjr djk,A ljiap vkSj xzke iapk;r us dysDVj osQ bl
vkns'k dks ekuus ls budkj dj fn;kA dysDVj us ”kehu osQ vf/xzg.k dk vkns'k
fn;kA xzke iapk;r us dysDVj dh bl dkjZokbZ osQ fojks/ esa eækl mPp U;k;ky;
esa ,d ;kfpdk nk;j dhA mPp U;k;ky; dh ,dy [kaMihB us dysDVj osQ
vkns'k dks tk;t crk;kA vnkyr dk I
+
kSQlyk Fkk fd bl laca/ esa xzke iapk;r
dh vuqefr ysus dh ”k:jr ugha gSA iapk;r us bl I
+
kSQlys osQ f[kykiQ [kaMihB
osQ ikl vihy dhA [kaMihB us ,dy U;k;k/kh'k osQ I
+
kSQlys dks myV fn;kA
U;k;k/h'kksa dk I
+
kSQlyk Fkk fd ljdkjh vkns'k iapk;r dh 'kfDr;ksa dh vogsyuk
rks djrk gh gS] ;g iapk;r dh laoS/kfud gSfl;r dk Hkh ljklj mYya?ku gSA
(^iapk;r jkt viMsV* [kaM&ckjg] twu] 2005)
;s nksuksa dFkk,¡ vyx&vyx ugha gSaA LFkkuh; 'kklu dh laLFkkvksa dks
lu~ 1993 esa laoS/kfud ntkZ çnku fd;k x;kA blosQ ckn ls iwjs Hkkjr esa
cM+s iSekus ij cnyko dh ygj py iM+h gSA ;s dFkk,¡ bl cnyko dk lcwr
is'k djrh gSaA
2018-19
178
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
D;k ;g laHko gS fd
gekjs ;gk¡ ljdkj fliZQ
LFkkuh; Lrj ij gks
vkSj jk"Vªh; Lrj ij
blosQ lek;kstu dk
fudk; gks\ eq>s yxrk
gS fd egkRek xka/h us
blh rjg dh dksbZ ckr
dgh FkhA
xk¡o vkSj ftyk Lrj osQ 'kklu dks LFkkuh; 'kklu dgrs gSaA LFkkuh;
'kklu vke vkneh osQ lcls utnhd dk 'kklu gSA LFkkuh; 'kklu dk
fo"k; gS vke ukxfjd dh leL;k,¡ vkSj mldh jkstejkZ dh f”kanxhA
LFkkuh; 'kklu dh ekU;rk gS fd LFkkuh; Kku vkSj LFkkuh; fgr
yksdrkaf=kd I
+
kSQlyk ysus osQ vfuok;Z ?kVd gSaA dkjxj vkSj tu&fgrdkjh
ç'kklu osQ fy, Hkh ;g ”k:jh gSA LFkkuh; 'kklu dk iQk;nk ;g gS fd
;g yksxksa osQ lcls utnhd gksrk gS vkSj bl dkj.k mudh leL;kvksa dk
lek/ku cgqr rs”kh ls rFkk de [kpsZ esa gks tkrk gSA xhrk jkBkSM+ okys
ekeys esa geus ns[kk fd mUgksaus xzke iapk;r osQ ljiap osQ :i esa lfØ;
Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gq, tefu;k rkykc iapk;r esa cM+k cnyko dj fn[kk;kA
osaxSoly xk¡o dh tehu ij ml xk¡o dk gh gd jgkA viuh tehu osQ
lkFk D;k djuk gS & ;g I
+
kSQlyk djus dk vf/dkj Hkh xk¡o osQ gkFk esa
jgkA ,slk xzke iapk;r osQ ljiap vkSj iapk;r osQ lnL;ksa osQ tq>k:
ç;klksa osQ dkj.k laHko gqvkA bl rjg LFkkuh; 'kklu yksxksa osQ LFkkuh;
fgrksa dh j{kk esa vR;ar dkjxj lkfcr gks ldrk gSA
yksdra=k dk eryc gS lkFkZd HkkxhnkjhA yksdra=k dk fj'rk tokcnsgh
ls Hkh gSA thoar vkSj etcwr LFkkuh; 'kklu lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh vkSj
mís';iw.kZ tokcnsgh dks lqfuf'pr djrk gSA xhrk jkBkSM+ dh dgkuh
çfrc¼rk osQ lkFk yksdra=k esa Hkkxhnkjh djus dh ?kVukvksa esa ,d gSA
osaxSoly xzke iapk;r us viuh tehu ij viuk gd cuk;s j[kus osQ fy,
vFkd ç;kl fd;kA ;g tokcnsgh dks lqfuf'pr djus osQ ,d fe'ku dh
felky gSA LFkkuh; 'kklu osQ Lrj ij vke ukxfjd dks mlosQ thou ls
tqM+s elyksa] ”k:jrksa vkSj mlosQ fodkl osQ ckjs esa I
+
kSQlyk ysus dh çfØ;k
dks 'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gSA
tks dke LFkkuh; Lrj ij fd;s tk ldrs gSa os dke LFkkuh; yksxksa
vkSj muosQ uqekbanksa osQ gkFk esa jgus pkfg,A yksdra=k osQ fy, ;g ”k:jh
gSA vke turk çknsf'kd vFkok osaQæh; ljdkj ls dgha ”;knk ifjfpr
LFkkuh; 'kklu ls gksrh gSA LFkkuh; 'kklu D;k dj jgk gS vkSj D;k djus
esa ukdke jgk gS & vke turk dk bl loky ls dgha ”;knk ljksdkj
gksrk gS] D;ksafd bl ckr dk lh/k vlj mldh jkstejkZ dh f”kanxh ij
2018-19
179
LFkkuh; 'kklu
dgk¡ igq¡ps\ D;k le>s\
± LFkkuh; 'kklu yksdra=k dks etcwr cukrk gS] oSQls\
± Åij tks mnkgj.k fn;k x;k gS mlesa rfeyukMq ljdkj dks
vkiosQ fglkc ls D;k djuk pkfg, Fkk\
eSa vrhr osQ ckjs esa rks ugha
tkurh ysfdu esjs eu esa
;g 'kadk ”k:j mBrh gS
fd xk¡o dh iapk;r osQ
fy, pquko u gks rks ,slh
iapk;r esa xk¡o osQ cqtqxks±]
vehj yksxksa vkSj lekt osQ
Åijh rcosQ osQ iq#"kksa dk
cksyckyk jgsxkA
iM+rk gSA bl rjg] LFkkuh; 'kklu dks etcwr djuk yksdrkaf=kd çfØ;k dks etcwr
cukus osQ leku gSA
Hkkjr esa LFkkuh; 'kklu dk fodkl
vkb,] bl ckr dh ppkZ djsa fd Hkkjr esa LFkkuh; 'kklu dk fodkl oSQls
gqvk vkSj gekjs lafo/ku esa blosQ ckjs esa D;k dgk x;k gSA ekuk tkrk gS
fd viuk 'kklu [kqn pykus okys xzke leqnk; çkphu Hkkjr esa ^lHkk* osQ
:i esa ekStwn FksA le; chrus osQ lkFk xk¡o dh bu lHkkvksa us iapk;r dk
:i ys fy;kA le; cnyus osQ lkFk&lkFk iapk;rksa dh Hkwfedk vkSj dke
Hkh cnyrs jgsA
vk/qfud le; esa] LFkkuh; 'kklu osQ fuokZfpr fudk; lu~ 1882 osQ
ckn vfLrRo esa vk,A ml oDr ykMZ fjiu (Lord Rippon) Hkkjr dk
ok;ljk; FkkA mlus bu fudk;ksa dks cukus dh fn'kk esa igydneh dhA ml
oDr bls eqdkeh cksMZ (Local Board) dgk tkrk FkkA cgjgky] bl fn'kk
esa çxfr cM+h /heh xfr ls gks jgh FkhA Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl us ljdkj
ls ek¡x dh fd lHkh LFkkuh; cksMks± dks T;knk dkjxj cukus osQ fy, og
”k:jh dne mBk,A xouZesaV vkWiQ bafM;k ,DV&1919 osQ cuus ij vusd
çkarksa esa xzke iapk;r cusA lu~ 1935 osQ xouZesaV vkWiQ bafM;k ,DV osQ ckn
Hkh ;g ço`fÙk tkjh jghA
Hkkjrh; Lora=krk&laxzke osQ fnuksa esa egkRek xka/h us ”kksj nsdj dgk
Fkk fd vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd lRrk dk foosaQæhdj.k gksuk pkfg,A
mudk ekuuk Fkk fd xzke iapk;rksa dks etcwr cukuk lÙkk osQ foosaQæhdj.k
dk dkjxj lk/u gSA fodkl dh gj igydneh esa LFkkuh; yksxksa dh
2018-19
Page 5


176
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
ifjp;
osaQæh; vkSj çknsf'kd Lrj ij fuokZfpr ljdkj dh ekStwnxh gh fdlh yksdra=k osQ fy,
dkiQh ughaA yksdra=k osQ fy, ;g Hkh ”k:jh gS fd LFkkuh; Lrj ij LFkkuh; ekeyksa dh
ns[kHkky djus okyh ,d fuf'pr ljdkj gksA bl vè;k; esa ge vius ns'k esa ekStwn
LFkkuh; ljdkj dh cukoV dk vè;;u djsaxsA ge ;g Hkh i<+saxs fd LFkkuh; ljdkj dk
D;k egÙo gS vkSj mls Lora=k :i ls 'kfDr çnku djus osQ D;k jkLrs gSaA ;g vè;k; i<+us
osQ ckn vki tku losaQxs fd µ
± LFkkuh; 'kkldh; fudk;ksa dk egÙo D;k gS]
± lafo/ku osQ 73osa vkSj 74osa la'kks/u osQ varxZr D;k çko/ku fd, x, gSa] vkSj
± LFkkuh; 'kkldh; fudk;ksa osQ dke vkSj ftEesnkfj;k¡ dkSu&dkSu&lh gSa\
vè;k; 8
LFkkuh; 'kklu
2018-19
177
LFkkuh; 'kklu
ysfdu D;k bl rjg osQ
mnkgj.k ugha gSa tgk¡
xk¡o dh iapk;r osQ
iq#"k lnL; us efgyk
ljiap dks ijs'kku fd;k
gks\ tc efgyk,¡ vf/dkj
osQ in ij cSBrh gSa] rks
iq#"kksa dks blls [kq'kh
D;ksa ugha gksrh\
LFkkuh; ljdkj D;ksa\
eè; çns'k dk ,d ftyk gS flgksjA xhrk jkBkSM+ blh ftys osQ tefu;k
rkykc xzke iapk;r dh jgus okyh gSaA ,d vkjf{kr lhV ls lu~ 1995 esa
xhrk ljiap fuokZfpr gqb±A ysfdu] lu~ 2000 esa xk¡o okyksa us vPNs dkeksa
dk buke nsrs gq, xhrk dks nqckjk pqukA bl ckj xhrk ,d lkekU; lhV ls
pquh xb±A xhrk x`fg.kh gqvk djrh Fkha] ysfdu og jktuhfrd :i ls ,d
nwjn'khZ usrk cudj mHkjhA mUgksaus viuh iapk;r dh tu'kfDr dk bLrseky
rkykc dks iDdk cuokus] LowQy dh bekjr vkSj xk¡o esa lM+d cuokus esa
fd;kA xhrk us viuh iapk;r dh lkewfgd 'kfDr dk bLrseky efgykvksa ij
gksus okyh ?kjsyw fgalk vkSj vR;kpkj ls yM+us] i;kZoj.k osQ çfr tkx:drk
iSnk djus vkSj vius xk¡o esa ou rFkk ty çca/u dks c<+kok nsus esa fd;kA
(iapk;r jkt viMsV] [akM&X;kjg] la&3] iQjojh&2004)
liQy efgyk dh ,slh gh ,d dFkk vkSj gSA ;g efgyk rfeyukMq osQ ,d
xk¡o osaxSoly dh ljiap FkhA lu~ 1997 esa rfeyukMq dh ljdkj us 71 ljdkjh
deZpkfj;ksa dks 2&2 gsDVs;j tehu vkcafVr dhA ;g tehu osaxSoly xzke
iapk;r osQ nk;js esa FkhA mPprj vf/dkfj;ksa osQ funsZ'k ij dkafpiqje ftys osQ
dyDVj us osaxSoly xzke iapk;r osQ ljiap dks vkns'k fn;k fd vkcafVr tehu
osQ laca/ esa tks I
+
kSQlyk fy;k tk pqdk gS] mls ekurs gq, xzke iapk;r ls bl
vk'k; dk çLrko ikfjr djk,A ljiap vkSj xzke iapk;r us dysDVj osQ bl
vkns'k dks ekuus ls budkj dj fn;kA dysDVj us ”kehu osQ vf/xzg.k dk vkns'k
fn;kA xzke iapk;r us dysDVj dh bl dkjZokbZ osQ fojks/ esa eækl mPp U;k;ky;
esa ,d ;kfpdk nk;j dhA mPp U;k;ky; dh ,dy [kaMihB us dysDVj osQ
vkns'k dks tk;t crk;kA vnkyr dk I
+
kSQlyk Fkk fd bl laca/ esa xzke iapk;r
dh vuqefr ysus dh ”k:jr ugha gSA iapk;r us bl I
+
kSQlys osQ f[kykiQ [kaMihB
osQ ikl vihy dhA [kaMihB us ,dy U;k;k/kh'k osQ I
+
kSQlys dks myV fn;kA
U;k;k/h'kksa dk I
+
kSQlyk Fkk fd ljdkjh vkns'k iapk;r dh 'kfDr;ksa dh vogsyuk
rks djrk gh gS] ;g iapk;r dh laoS/kfud gSfl;r dk Hkh ljklj mYya?ku gSA
(^iapk;r jkt viMsV* [kaM&ckjg] twu] 2005)
;s nksuksa dFkk,¡ vyx&vyx ugha gSaA LFkkuh; 'kklu dh laLFkkvksa dks
lu~ 1993 esa laoS/kfud ntkZ çnku fd;k x;kA blosQ ckn ls iwjs Hkkjr esa
cM+s iSekus ij cnyko dh ygj py iM+h gSA ;s dFkk,¡ bl cnyko dk lcwr
is'k djrh gSaA
2018-19
178
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
D;k ;g laHko gS fd
gekjs ;gk¡ ljdkj fliZQ
LFkkuh; Lrj ij gks
vkSj jk"Vªh; Lrj ij
blosQ lek;kstu dk
fudk; gks\ eq>s yxrk
gS fd egkRek xka/h us
blh rjg dh dksbZ ckr
dgh FkhA
xk¡o vkSj ftyk Lrj osQ 'kklu dks LFkkuh; 'kklu dgrs gSaA LFkkuh;
'kklu vke vkneh osQ lcls utnhd dk 'kklu gSA LFkkuh; 'kklu dk
fo"k; gS vke ukxfjd dh leL;k,¡ vkSj mldh jkstejkZ dh f”kanxhA
LFkkuh; 'kklu dh ekU;rk gS fd LFkkuh; Kku vkSj LFkkuh; fgr
yksdrkaf=kd I
+
kSQlyk ysus osQ vfuok;Z ?kVd gSaA dkjxj vkSj tu&fgrdkjh
ç'kklu osQ fy, Hkh ;g ”k:jh gSA LFkkuh; 'kklu dk iQk;nk ;g gS fd
;g yksxksa osQ lcls utnhd gksrk gS vkSj bl dkj.k mudh leL;kvksa dk
lek/ku cgqr rs”kh ls rFkk de [kpsZ esa gks tkrk gSA xhrk jkBkSM+ okys
ekeys esa geus ns[kk fd mUgksaus xzke iapk;r osQ ljiap osQ :i esa lfØ;
Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gq, tefu;k rkykc iapk;r esa cM+k cnyko dj fn[kk;kA
osaxSoly xk¡o dh tehu ij ml xk¡o dk gh gd jgkA viuh tehu osQ
lkFk D;k djuk gS & ;g I
+
kSQlyk djus dk vf/dkj Hkh xk¡o osQ gkFk esa
jgkA ,slk xzke iapk;r osQ ljiap vkSj iapk;r osQ lnL;ksa osQ tq>k:
ç;klksa osQ dkj.k laHko gqvkA bl rjg LFkkuh; 'kklu yksxksa osQ LFkkuh;
fgrksa dh j{kk esa vR;ar dkjxj lkfcr gks ldrk gSA
yksdra=k dk eryc gS lkFkZd HkkxhnkjhA yksdra=k dk fj'rk tokcnsgh
ls Hkh gSA thoar vkSj etcwr LFkkuh; 'kklu lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh vkSj
mís';iw.kZ tokcnsgh dks lqfuf'pr djrk gSA xhrk jkBkSM+ dh dgkuh
çfrc¼rk osQ lkFk yksdra=k esa Hkkxhnkjh djus dh ?kVukvksa esa ,d gSA
osaxSoly xzke iapk;r us viuh tehu ij viuk gd cuk;s j[kus osQ fy,
vFkd ç;kl fd;kA ;g tokcnsgh dks lqfuf'pr djus osQ ,d fe'ku dh
felky gSA LFkkuh; 'kklu osQ Lrj ij vke ukxfjd dks mlosQ thou ls
tqM+s elyksa] ”k:jrksa vkSj mlosQ fodkl osQ ckjs esa I
+
kSQlyk ysus dh çfØ;k
dks 'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gSA
tks dke LFkkuh; Lrj ij fd;s tk ldrs gSa os dke LFkkuh; yksxksa
vkSj muosQ uqekbanksa osQ gkFk esa jgus pkfg,A yksdra=k osQ fy, ;g ”k:jh
gSA vke turk çknsf'kd vFkok osaQæh; ljdkj ls dgha ”;knk ifjfpr
LFkkuh; 'kklu ls gksrh gSA LFkkuh; 'kklu D;k dj jgk gS vkSj D;k djus
esa ukdke jgk gS & vke turk dk bl loky ls dgha ”;knk ljksdkj
gksrk gS] D;ksafd bl ckr dk lh/k vlj mldh jkstejkZ dh f”kanxh ij
2018-19
179
LFkkuh; 'kklu
dgk¡ igq¡ps\ D;k le>s\
± LFkkuh; 'kklu yksdra=k dks etcwr cukrk gS] oSQls\
± Åij tks mnkgj.k fn;k x;k gS mlesa rfeyukMq ljdkj dks
vkiosQ fglkc ls D;k djuk pkfg, Fkk\
eSa vrhr osQ ckjs esa rks ugha
tkurh ysfdu esjs eu esa
;g 'kadk ”k:j mBrh gS
fd xk¡o dh iapk;r osQ
fy, pquko u gks rks ,slh
iapk;r esa xk¡o osQ cqtqxks±]
vehj yksxksa vkSj lekt osQ
Åijh rcosQ osQ iq#"kksa dk
cksyckyk jgsxkA
iM+rk gSA bl rjg] LFkkuh; 'kklu dks etcwr djuk yksdrkaf=kd çfØ;k dks etcwr
cukus osQ leku gSA
Hkkjr esa LFkkuh; 'kklu dk fodkl
vkb,] bl ckr dh ppkZ djsa fd Hkkjr esa LFkkuh; 'kklu dk fodkl oSQls
gqvk vkSj gekjs lafo/ku esa blosQ ckjs esa D;k dgk x;k gSA ekuk tkrk gS
fd viuk 'kklu [kqn pykus okys xzke leqnk; çkphu Hkkjr esa ^lHkk* osQ
:i esa ekStwn FksA le; chrus osQ lkFk xk¡o dh bu lHkkvksa us iapk;r dk
:i ys fy;kA le; cnyus osQ lkFk&lkFk iapk;rksa dh Hkwfedk vkSj dke
Hkh cnyrs jgsA
vk/qfud le; esa] LFkkuh; 'kklu osQ fuokZfpr fudk; lu~ 1882 osQ
ckn vfLrRo esa vk,A ml oDr ykMZ fjiu (Lord Rippon) Hkkjr dk
ok;ljk; FkkA mlus bu fudk;ksa dks cukus dh fn'kk esa igydneh dhA ml
oDr bls eqdkeh cksMZ (Local Board) dgk tkrk FkkA cgjgky] bl fn'kk
esa çxfr cM+h /heh xfr ls gks jgh FkhA Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl us ljdkj
ls ek¡x dh fd lHkh LFkkuh; cksMks± dks T;knk dkjxj cukus osQ fy, og
”k:jh dne mBk,A xouZesaV vkWiQ bafM;k ,DV&1919 osQ cuus ij vusd
çkarksa esa xzke iapk;r cusA lu~ 1935 osQ xouZesaV vkWiQ bafM;k ,DV osQ ckn
Hkh ;g ço`fÙk tkjh jghA
Hkkjrh; Lora=krk&laxzke osQ fnuksa esa egkRek xka/h us ”kksj nsdj dgk
Fkk fd vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd lRrk dk foosaQæhdj.k gksuk pkfg,A
mudk ekuuk Fkk fd xzke iapk;rksa dks etcwr cukuk lÙkk osQ foosaQæhdj.k
dk dkjxj lk/u gSA fodkl dh gj igydneh esa LFkkuh; yksxksa dh
2018-19
180
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
Hkkxhnkjh gksuh pkfg, rkfd ;g liQy gksA bl rjg] iapk;r dks lgHkkxh yksdra=k
dks LFkkfir djus osQ lk/u osQ :i esa ns[kk x;kA fnYyh esa cSBs xouZj tujy osQ gkFk
esa cgqr ”;knk 'kfDr;k¡ Fkha] gekjs Lora=krk laxzke dh fparkvksa esa ;g ckr Hkh 'kkfey
FkhA bl dkj.k] gekjs usrkvksa osQ fy, vk”kknh dk vFkZ ,d vk'oklu Fkk fd I
+
kSQlyk
ysus esa rFkk dk;Zikfydk vkSj ç'kklfud 'kfDr;ksa osQ bLrseky esa foosaQæhdj.k gksxkA
tc lafo/ku cuk rks LFkkuh; 'kklu dk fo"k; çns'kksa dks lkSai fn;k x;kA
lafo/ku osQ ^uhfr funsZ'kd&fl¼karksa esa Hkh bldh ppkZ gSA blesa dgk x;k gS fd
ns'k dh gj ljdkj viuh uhfr esa bls ,d funsZ'kd rÙo ekudj pysA tSlk fd
vkius vè;k;&nks esa i<+k] jkT; osQ uhfr&funsZ'kd fl¼karksa dk vax gksus osQ dkj.k
lafo/ku dk ;g çko/ku vnkyrh okn osQ nk;js esa ugha vkrk vkSj bldh çÑfr
ç/kur% lykg&e'kfojs dh gSA
,slk yxrk gS fd LFkkuh; 'kklu osQ elys dks ftlesa iapk;r Hkh 'kkfey gS]
lafo/ku esa ;Fkksfpr egÙo ugha feykA D;k vki tkurs gSa fd ,slk D;ksa gqvk\ ;gk¡ oqQN
dkj.k crk, tk ldrs gSaA igyh ckr rks ;g fd ns'k&foHkktu dh [kycyh osQ dkj.k
lafo/ku dk >qdko osaQæ dks etcwr cukus dk jgkA usg: [kqn vfr&LFkkuh;rk dks jk"Vª
dh ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk osQ fy, [krjk ekurs FksA nwljs] lafo/ku&lHkk esa MkW ch vkj
vacsMdj osQ usr`Ro esa ,d etcwr vkok”k mB jgh FkhA bldk dguk Fkk fd xzkeh.k Hkkjr
esa tkfr&ikafr vkSj vkilh iQwV dk cksyckyk gSA LFkkuh; 'kklu dk mís'; rks cM+k vPNk
gS ysfdu xzkeh.k Hkkjr osQ ,sls ekgkSy esa ;g mís'; gh efV;kesV gks tk,xkA
cgjgky] fdlh Hkh lnL; us fodkl ;kstukvksa esa tu&Hkkxhnkjh osQ egÙo ls budkj
ugha fd;kA lafo/ku lHkk osQ cgqr&ls lnL; pkgrs Fks fd Hkkjr esa yksdra=k dk vk/kj
Hkkjr dh vk”kknh dk eryc gksuk pkfg, lewps Hkkjr dh vk”kknh
----
 vk”kknh dh
'kq#vkr lcls uhps ls gksuh pkfg,A bl rjg gj xk¡o ,d x.kjkT; gksxk
----
 bldk eryc
;g fd gj xk¡o dks vkRefuHkZj vkSj vius ekeyksa dks [kqn fuiVkus esa dkfcy gksuk
iM+sxkA vufxur xk¡oksa ls cus bl <k¡ps esas vkxs dh vksj iSQyrs vkSj Åij p<+rs nk;js gksaxsA
thou ,d fijkfeM dh rjg gksxk ftlesa 'kh"kZ vk/kj ij fVdk gksxkA
& egkRek xka/h
2018-19
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