NCERT Textbook: अम्बा और भीष्म | NCERT Textbooks & Solutions for Class 7 PDF Download

 Page 1


cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 7
lR;orh osQ iq=k fp=kkaxn cM+s gh ohj] ijarq
LosPNkpkjh FksA ,d ckj fdlh xaèkoZ osQ lkFk
;q¼ gqvk] mlesa og ekjs x,A muosQ dksbZ iq=k
u Fkk] blfy, muosQ NksVs HkkbZ fofp=koh;Z
gfLrukiqj dh jktxíh ij cSBsA fofp=koh;Z dh
vk;q ml le; cgqr NksVh Fkh] bl dkj.k
muosQ ckfyx gksus rd jkt&dkt Hkh"e dks gh
l¡Hkkyuk iM+kA
tc fofp=koh;Z fookg osQ ;ksX; gq,] rks
Hkh"Ek dks muosQ fookg dh ¯prk gqbZA mUgsa
[kcj yxh fd dkf'kjkt dh dU;kvksa dk
Lo;aoj gksusokyk gSA ;g tkudj Hkh"e cM+s
[kq'k gq, vkSj Lo;aoj esa lfEefyr gksus osQ
fy, dk'kh jokuk gks x,A
ns'k&fons'k osQ vusd jktoqQekj ml Lo;aoj
esa Hkkx ysus osQ fy, vk, FksA jktiqf=k;ksa dks
ikus osQ fy, vkil esa cM+h LièkkZ FkhA
{kf=k;ksa esa Hkh"e dh izfrKk dh izfr"Bk
vf}rh; FkhA muosQ egku R;kx vkSj Hkh"k.k
izfrKk dk gky lc tkurs FksA blfy, tc og
Lo;aoj&eaMi esa izfo"V gq,] rks jktoqQekjksa us
lkspk fd og fl- IkZQ Lo;aoj ns[kus osQ fy, vk,
gksaxsA ijarq tc Lo;aoj esa lfEefyr gksusokyksa
esa Hkh"e us Hkh viuk uke fn;k] rks vU;
oqQekjksa dks fujk'k gksuk iM+kA mudks D;k irk Fkk
fd n`<+ozrh Hkh"e vius fy, ughaa] oju~ vius
HkkbZ osQ fy, Lo;aoj esa lfEefyr gq, gSaA
lHkk esa [kycyh ep xbZA pkjksa vksj ls
Hkh"e ij iQfCr;k¡ dlh tkus yxhaµ¶ekuk fd
Hkjroa'kh Hkh"e cM+s cqf¼eku vkSj fo}ku gSa]
Lo;aoj ls bUgsa D;k eryc\ buosQ iz.k dk
D;k gqvk\ thouHkj czãpkjh jgus dh bUgksaus
tks izfrKk dh Fkh] D;k og >wBh Fkh\¸ bl
Hkk¡fr lc jktoqQekjksa us Hkh"e dh g¡lh mM+kbZ]
;gk¡ rd fd dkf'kjkt dh dU;kvksa us Hkh
Hkh"e dh rjI
+
kQ ls n`f"V isQj yh vkSj mudh
vogsyuk&lh djosQ vkxs dh vksj py nhaA
Hkh"e bl vogsyuk dks lg u losQA mUgksaus
lHkh jktoqQekjksa dks gjkdj rhuksa jktdU;kvksa dks
cyiwoZd jFk ij cSBk fy;k vkSj gfLrukiqj dks
py fn,A lkSHkns'k dk jktk 'kkYo cM+k ohj FkkA
dkf'kjkt dh lcls cM+h dU;k vack ml ij
vuq#Dr Fkh vkSj mldks eu&gh&eu viuk ifr
eku pqdh FkhA 'kkYo us Hkh"e osQ jFk dk ihNk
fd;k vkSj mldks jksdus dk iz;Ru fd;kA bl ij
Hkh"e vkSj 'kkYo osQ chp ?kksj ;q¼ fNM+ x;kA
Hkh"e us mls gjk fn;k] ¯drq dkf'kjkt dh dU;kvksa
dh izkFkZuk ij mls thfor gh NksM+ fn;kA
Hkh"e dkf'kjkt dh dU;kvksa dks ysdj
gfLrukiqj igq¡psA fofp=koh;Z osQ fookg dh
lkjh rS;kjh gks tkus osQ ckn tc dU;kvksa dks
fookg&eaMi esa ys tkus dk le; vk;k] rks
dkf'kjkt dh cM+h csVh vack ,dkar esa Hkh"e ls
cksyhµ¶xkaxs;] eSaus vius eu esa lkSHkns'k osQ
jktk 'kkYo dks viuk ifr eku fy;k FkkA blh
chp vki eq>s cyiwoZd ;gk¡ ys vk,A esjs eu
dh ckr tkuus osQ ckn vki esjs ckjs esa vc tks
mfpr le>sa] djsaA¸
vack vkSj Hkh"Ek
4
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 2


cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 7
lR;orh osQ iq=k fp=kkaxn cM+s gh ohj] ijarq
LosPNkpkjh FksA ,d ckj fdlh xaèkoZ osQ lkFk
;q¼ gqvk] mlesa og ekjs x,A muosQ dksbZ iq=k
u Fkk] blfy, muosQ NksVs HkkbZ fofp=koh;Z
gfLrukiqj dh jktxíh ij cSBsA fofp=koh;Z dh
vk;q ml le; cgqr NksVh Fkh] bl dkj.k
muosQ ckfyx gksus rd jkt&dkt Hkh"e dks gh
l¡Hkkyuk iM+kA
tc fofp=koh;Z fookg osQ ;ksX; gq,] rks
Hkh"Ek dks muosQ fookg dh ¯prk gqbZA mUgsa
[kcj yxh fd dkf'kjkt dh dU;kvksa dk
Lo;aoj gksusokyk gSA ;g tkudj Hkh"e cM+s
[kq'k gq, vkSj Lo;aoj esa lfEefyr gksus osQ
fy, dk'kh jokuk gks x,A
ns'k&fons'k osQ vusd jktoqQekj ml Lo;aoj
esa Hkkx ysus osQ fy, vk, FksA jktiqf=k;ksa dks
ikus osQ fy, vkil esa cM+h LièkkZ FkhA
{kf=k;ksa esa Hkh"e dh izfrKk dh izfr"Bk
vf}rh; FkhA muosQ egku R;kx vkSj Hkh"k.k
izfrKk dk gky lc tkurs FksA blfy, tc og
Lo;aoj&eaMi esa izfo"V gq,] rks jktoqQekjksa us
lkspk fd og fl- IkZQ Lo;aoj ns[kus osQ fy, vk,
gksaxsA ijarq tc Lo;aoj esa lfEefyr gksusokyksa
esa Hkh"e us Hkh viuk uke fn;k] rks vU;
oqQekjksa dks fujk'k gksuk iM+kA mudks D;k irk Fkk
fd n`<+ozrh Hkh"e vius fy, ughaa] oju~ vius
HkkbZ osQ fy, Lo;aoj esa lfEefyr gq, gSaA
lHkk esa [kycyh ep xbZA pkjksa vksj ls
Hkh"e ij iQfCr;k¡ dlh tkus yxhaµ¶ekuk fd
Hkjroa'kh Hkh"e cM+s cqf¼eku vkSj fo}ku gSa]
Lo;aoj ls bUgsa D;k eryc\ buosQ iz.k dk
D;k gqvk\ thouHkj czãpkjh jgus dh bUgksaus
tks izfrKk dh Fkh] D;k og >wBh Fkh\¸ bl
Hkk¡fr lc jktoqQekjksa us Hkh"e dh g¡lh mM+kbZ]
;gk¡ rd fd dkf'kjkt dh dU;kvksa us Hkh
Hkh"e dh rjI
+
kQ ls n`f"V isQj yh vkSj mudh
vogsyuk&lh djosQ vkxs dh vksj py nhaA
Hkh"e bl vogsyuk dks lg u losQA mUgksaus
lHkh jktoqQekjksa dks gjkdj rhuksa jktdU;kvksa dks
cyiwoZd jFk ij cSBk fy;k vkSj gfLrukiqj dks
py fn,A lkSHkns'k dk jktk 'kkYo cM+k ohj FkkA
dkf'kjkt dh lcls cM+h dU;k vack ml ij
vuq#Dr Fkh vkSj mldks eu&gh&eu viuk ifr
eku pqdh FkhA 'kkYo us Hkh"e osQ jFk dk ihNk
fd;k vkSj mldks jksdus dk iz;Ru fd;kA bl ij
Hkh"e vkSj 'kkYo osQ chp ?kksj ;q¼ fNM+ x;kA
Hkh"e us mls gjk fn;k] ¯drq dkf'kjkt dh dU;kvksa
dh izkFkZuk ij mls thfor gh NksM+ fn;kA
Hkh"e dkf'kjkt dh dU;kvksa dks ysdj
gfLrukiqj igq¡psA fofp=koh;Z osQ fookg dh
lkjh rS;kjh gks tkus osQ ckn tc dU;kvksa dks
fookg&eaMi esa ys tkus dk le; vk;k] rks
dkf'kjkt dh cM+h csVh vack ,dkar esa Hkh"e ls
cksyhµ¶xkaxs;] eSaus vius eu esa lkSHkns'k osQ
jktk 'kkYo dks viuk ifr eku fy;k FkkA blh
chp vki eq>s cyiwoZd ;gk¡ ys vk,A esjs eu
dh ckr tkuus osQ ckn vki esjs ckjs esa vc tks
mfpr le>sa] djsaA¸
vack vkSj Hkh"Ek
4
Rationalised 2023-24
8 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
Hkh"e dks vack dh ckr t¡phA mUgksaus vack
dks mldh bPNkuqlkj mfpr izcaèk osQ lkFk
'kkYo osQ ikl Hkst fn;k vkSj vack dh nksuksa
cguksaµvafcdk vkSj vackfydkµdk fofp=koh;Z
osQ lkFk fookg djk fn;kA
vack vius euksuhr oj lkSHkjkt 'kkYo osQ
ikl xbZ vkSj lkjk o`Ùkkar dg lquk;kA mlus
dgkµ¶jktu~! eSa vkidks gh viuk ifr eku
pqdh gw¡A esjs vuqjksèk ls Hkh"e us eq>s vkiosQ
ikl Hkstk gSA vki eq>s viuh iRuh Lohdkj dj
ysaA¸
ij 'kkYo u ekukA mlus vack ls dgkµ¶lkjs
jktoqQekjksa osQ lkeus Hkh"e us eq>s ;q¼ esa
ijkftr fd;k vkSj rqEgsa cyiwoZd gj.k djosQ
ys x,A brus cM+s vieku osQ ckn eSa rqEgsa oSQls
Lohdkj dj ldrk gw¡A rqEgkjs fy, vc mfpr
;gh gS fd rqe Hkh"e osQ ikl tkvks vkSj
mudh lykg osQ eqrkfcd gh dke djksA¸
cspkjh vack gfLrukiqj ykSV vkbZ vkSj Hkh"e
dks lkjk gky dg lquk;kA mUgkssaus fofp=koh;Z ls
dgkµ¶oRl] jktk 'kkYo vack dks Lohdkj ugha
djrkA blls fofnr gksrk gS fd mldh bPNk
vack dks iRuh cukus dh ugha FkhA vc mlosQ
lkFk rqEgkjk C;kg djus esa dksbZ vkifÙk ugha jgh
gSA¸ ij fofp=koh;Z vack osQ lkFk C;kg djus
dks jkth u gq,A
cspkjh vack u bèkj dh jgh] u mèkj dhA
dksbZ vkSj jkLrk u ns[k og Hkh"e ls cksyhµ
¶xkaxs;] eSa rks nksuksa vksj ls gh xbZA esjk dksbZ
Hkh lgkjk u jgkA vki gh eq>s gj yk, Fks]
vr% vc vkidk ;g drZO; gS fd vki esjs
lkFk C;kg dj ysaA¸
Hkh"e us mldh ckr è;ku ls lquh vkSj
viuh izfrKk dh ;kn fnykdj cksysµ¶viuh
izfrKk rks eSa ugha rksM+ ldrkA¸ mUgksaus vack dh
ifjfLFkfr le>dj fofp=koh;Z ls nksckjk vkxzg
fd;k] ij og u ekukA Hkh"e us vack dks fiQj
le>k;k vkSj dgk fd lkSHkjkt 'kkYo osQ gh
ikl tkvks vkSj ,d ckj fiQj izkFkZuk djksA
ykpkj vack fiQj 'kkYo osQ ikl xbZ vkSj mldh
cgqr feUursa dha] ysfdu nwljs dh thrh gqbZ
dU;k dks Lohdkj djus ls lkSHkjkt us lkI
+
kQ
badkj dj fn;kA vack bl izdkj Ng lky rd
gfLrukiqj vkSj lkSHkns'k osQ chp Bksdjsa [kkrh
fiQjhA mlus vius bl lkjs nq[k dk dkj.k Hkh"e
dks gh le>kA mu ij mls cgqr ozQksèk vk;k vkSj
izfr¯glk dh vkx mlosQ eu esa tyus yxhA
Hkh"e ls cnyk ysus dh bPNk ls og dbZ
jktkvksa osQ ikl xbZ vkSj mudks viuk nq[kM+k
lquk;kA Hkh"e ls ;q¼ djosQ mudk oèk djus
dh mlus jktkvksa ls izkFkZuk dh] ij jktk yksx
rks Hkh"e osQ uke ls gh Mjrs FksA fdlh esa bruk
lkgl u Fkk fd Hkh"e ls ;q¼ djsA {kf=k;ksa ls
,dne fujk'k gksdj vack us riLoh czkã.kksa dh
'kj.k yhA rifLo;ksa us dgkµ¶csVh] rqe ij'kqjke
osQ ikl tkvksA os rqEgkjh bPNk vo'; iwjh
djsaxsA¸ rc Íf"k;ksa dh lykg ij vack ij'kqjke
osQ ikl xbZA
vack dh djQ.k dgkuh lqudj ij'kqjke dk
ân; fi?ky x;kA mUgksaus n;knzZ Loj esa dgkµ
¶dkf'kjkt&dU;s] rqe eq>ls D;k pkgrh gks\¸
vack us dgkµ¶czkã.k&ohj] esjh izkFkZuk
osQoy ;gh gS fd vki Hkh"e ls ;q¼ djsaA eSa
vkils Hkh"e osQ oèk dh Hkh[k ek¡xrh gw¡A¸
Rationalised 2023-24
Page 3


cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 7
lR;orh osQ iq=k fp=kkaxn cM+s gh ohj] ijarq
LosPNkpkjh FksA ,d ckj fdlh xaèkoZ osQ lkFk
;q¼ gqvk] mlesa og ekjs x,A muosQ dksbZ iq=k
u Fkk] blfy, muosQ NksVs HkkbZ fofp=koh;Z
gfLrukiqj dh jktxíh ij cSBsA fofp=koh;Z dh
vk;q ml le; cgqr NksVh Fkh] bl dkj.k
muosQ ckfyx gksus rd jkt&dkt Hkh"e dks gh
l¡Hkkyuk iM+kA
tc fofp=koh;Z fookg osQ ;ksX; gq,] rks
Hkh"Ek dks muosQ fookg dh ¯prk gqbZA mUgsa
[kcj yxh fd dkf'kjkt dh dU;kvksa dk
Lo;aoj gksusokyk gSA ;g tkudj Hkh"e cM+s
[kq'k gq, vkSj Lo;aoj esa lfEefyr gksus osQ
fy, dk'kh jokuk gks x,A
ns'k&fons'k osQ vusd jktoqQekj ml Lo;aoj
esa Hkkx ysus osQ fy, vk, FksA jktiqf=k;ksa dks
ikus osQ fy, vkil esa cM+h LièkkZ FkhA
{kf=k;ksa esa Hkh"e dh izfrKk dh izfr"Bk
vf}rh; FkhA muosQ egku R;kx vkSj Hkh"k.k
izfrKk dk gky lc tkurs FksA blfy, tc og
Lo;aoj&eaMi esa izfo"V gq,] rks jktoqQekjksa us
lkspk fd og fl- IkZQ Lo;aoj ns[kus osQ fy, vk,
gksaxsA ijarq tc Lo;aoj esa lfEefyr gksusokyksa
esa Hkh"e us Hkh viuk uke fn;k] rks vU;
oqQekjksa dks fujk'k gksuk iM+kA mudks D;k irk Fkk
fd n`<+ozrh Hkh"e vius fy, ughaa] oju~ vius
HkkbZ osQ fy, Lo;aoj esa lfEefyr gq, gSaA
lHkk esa [kycyh ep xbZA pkjksa vksj ls
Hkh"e ij iQfCr;k¡ dlh tkus yxhaµ¶ekuk fd
Hkjroa'kh Hkh"e cM+s cqf¼eku vkSj fo}ku gSa]
Lo;aoj ls bUgsa D;k eryc\ buosQ iz.k dk
D;k gqvk\ thouHkj czãpkjh jgus dh bUgksaus
tks izfrKk dh Fkh] D;k og >wBh Fkh\¸ bl
Hkk¡fr lc jktoqQekjksa us Hkh"e dh g¡lh mM+kbZ]
;gk¡ rd fd dkf'kjkt dh dU;kvksa us Hkh
Hkh"e dh rjI
+
kQ ls n`f"V isQj yh vkSj mudh
vogsyuk&lh djosQ vkxs dh vksj py nhaA
Hkh"e bl vogsyuk dks lg u losQA mUgksaus
lHkh jktoqQekjksa dks gjkdj rhuksa jktdU;kvksa dks
cyiwoZd jFk ij cSBk fy;k vkSj gfLrukiqj dks
py fn,A lkSHkns'k dk jktk 'kkYo cM+k ohj FkkA
dkf'kjkt dh lcls cM+h dU;k vack ml ij
vuq#Dr Fkh vkSj mldks eu&gh&eu viuk ifr
eku pqdh FkhA 'kkYo us Hkh"e osQ jFk dk ihNk
fd;k vkSj mldks jksdus dk iz;Ru fd;kA bl ij
Hkh"e vkSj 'kkYo osQ chp ?kksj ;q¼ fNM+ x;kA
Hkh"e us mls gjk fn;k] ¯drq dkf'kjkt dh dU;kvksa
dh izkFkZuk ij mls thfor gh NksM+ fn;kA
Hkh"e dkf'kjkt dh dU;kvksa dks ysdj
gfLrukiqj igq¡psA fofp=koh;Z osQ fookg dh
lkjh rS;kjh gks tkus osQ ckn tc dU;kvksa dks
fookg&eaMi esa ys tkus dk le; vk;k] rks
dkf'kjkt dh cM+h csVh vack ,dkar esa Hkh"e ls
cksyhµ¶xkaxs;] eSaus vius eu esa lkSHkns'k osQ
jktk 'kkYo dks viuk ifr eku fy;k FkkA blh
chp vki eq>s cyiwoZd ;gk¡ ys vk,A esjs eu
dh ckr tkuus osQ ckn vki esjs ckjs esa vc tks
mfpr le>sa] djsaA¸
vack vkSj Hkh"Ek
4
Rationalised 2023-24
8 / cky egkHkkjr dFkk
Hkh"e dks vack dh ckr t¡phA mUgksaus vack
dks mldh bPNkuqlkj mfpr izcaèk osQ lkFk
'kkYo osQ ikl Hkst fn;k vkSj vack dh nksuksa
cguksaµvafcdk vkSj vackfydkµdk fofp=koh;Z
osQ lkFk fookg djk fn;kA
vack vius euksuhr oj lkSHkjkt 'kkYo osQ
ikl xbZ vkSj lkjk o`Ùkkar dg lquk;kA mlus
dgkµ¶jktu~! eSa vkidks gh viuk ifr eku
pqdh gw¡A esjs vuqjksèk ls Hkh"e us eq>s vkiosQ
ikl Hkstk gSA vki eq>s viuh iRuh Lohdkj dj
ysaA¸
ij 'kkYo u ekukA mlus vack ls dgkµ¶lkjs
jktoqQekjksa osQ lkeus Hkh"e us eq>s ;q¼ esa
ijkftr fd;k vkSj rqEgsa cyiwoZd gj.k djosQ
ys x,A brus cM+s vieku osQ ckn eSa rqEgsa oSQls
Lohdkj dj ldrk gw¡A rqEgkjs fy, vc mfpr
;gh gS fd rqe Hkh"e osQ ikl tkvks vkSj
mudh lykg osQ eqrkfcd gh dke djksA¸
cspkjh vack gfLrukiqj ykSV vkbZ vkSj Hkh"e
dks lkjk gky dg lquk;kA mUgkssaus fofp=koh;Z ls
dgkµ¶oRl] jktk 'kkYo vack dks Lohdkj ugha
djrkA blls fofnr gksrk gS fd mldh bPNk
vack dks iRuh cukus dh ugha FkhA vc mlosQ
lkFk rqEgkjk C;kg djus esa dksbZ vkifÙk ugha jgh
gSA¸ ij fofp=koh;Z vack osQ lkFk C;kg djus
dks jkth u gq,A
cspkjh vack u bèkj dh jgh] u mèkj dhA
dksbZ vkSj jkLrk u ns[k og Hkh"e ls cksyhµ
¶xkaxs;] eSa rks nksuksa vksj ls gh xbZA esjk dksbZ
Hkh lgkjk u jgkA vki gh eq>s gj yk, Fks]
vr% vc vkidk ;g drZO; gS fd vki esjs
lkFk C;kg dj ysaA¸
Hkh"e us mldh ckr è;ku ls lquh vkSj
viuh izfrKk dh ;kn fnykdj cksysµ¶viuh
izfrKk rks eSa ugha rksM+ ldrkA¸ mUgksaus vack dh
ifjfLFkfr le>dj fofp=koh;Z ls nksckjk vkxzg
fd;k] ij og u ekukA Hkh"e us vack dks fiQj
le>k;k vkSj dgk fd lkSHkjkt 'kkYo osQ gh
ikl tkvks vkSj ,d ckj fiQj izkFkZuk djksA
ykpkj vack fiQj 'kkYo osQ ikl xbZ vkSj mldh
cgqr feUursa dha] ysfdu nwljs dh thrh gqbZ
dU;k dks Lohdkj djus ls lkSHkjkt us lkI
+
kQ
badkj dj fn;kA vack bl izdkj Ng lky rd
gfLrukiqj vkSj lkSHkns'k osQ chp Bksdjsa [kkrh
fiQjhA mlus vius bl lkjs nq[k dk dkj.k Hkh"e
dks gh le>kA mu ij mls cgqr ozQksèk vk;k vkSj
izfr¯glk dh vkx mlosQ eu esa tyus yxhA
Hkh"e ls cnyk ysus dh bPNk ls og dbZ
jktkvksa osQ ikl xbZ vkSj mudks viuk nq[kM+k
lquk;kA Hkh"e ls ;q¼ djosQ mudk oèk djus
dh mlus jktkvksa ls izkFkZuk dh] ij jktk yksx
rks Hkh"e osQ uke ls gh Mjrs FksA fdlh esa bruk
lkgl u Fkk fd Hkh"e ls ;q¼ djsA {kf=k;ksa ls
,dne fujk'k gksdj vack us riLoh czkã.kksa dh
'kj.k yhA rifLo;ksa us dgkµ¶csVh] rqe ij'kqjke
osQ ikl tkvksA os rqEgkjh bPNk vo'; iwjh
djsaxsA¸ rc Íf"k;ksa dh lykg ij vack ij'kqjke
osQ ikl xbZA
vack dh djQ.k dgkuh lqudj ij'kqjke dk
ân; fi?ky x;kA mUgksaus n;knzZ Loj esa dgkµ
¶dkf'kjkt&dU;s] rqe eq>ls D;k pkgrh gks\¸
vack us dgkµ¶czkã.k&ohj] esjh izkFkZuk
osQoy ;gh gS fd vki Hkh"e ls ;q¼ djsaA eSa
vkils Hkh"e osQ oèk dh Hkh[k ek¡xrh gw¡A¸
Rationalised 2023-24
cky egkHkkjr dFkk / 9
ij'kqjke dks vack dh izkFkZuk ilan vkbZA
cM+s mRlkg osQ lkFk og Hkh"e osQ ikl x,
vkSj mUgsa ;q¼ osQ fy, yydkjkA nksuksa oqQ'ky
;ks¼k Fks vkSj èkuq"k&fo|k osQ tkudkj HkhA nksuksa
gh ftrsafnz; vkSj czãpkjh FksA leku ;ks¼kvksa
dh VDdj FkhA dbZ fnuksa rd ;q¼ gksrk jgk]
fiQj Hkh gkj&thr dk fu'p; u gks ldkA var
esa ij'kqjke us gkj eku yh vkSj mUgksaus vack ls
dgkµ¶tks oqQN esjs o'k esa Fkk] dj pqdkA vc
rqEgkjs fy, ;gh mfpr gS fd rqe Hkh"e gh dh
'kj.k yksA¸
ij vack ,slh ckrksa ls dc fopfyr gksusokyh
Fkh\ mlus ou esa tkdj fiQj riL;k 'kq: dh
vkSj rikscy ls L=kh&:i NksM+dj iq#"k cu xbZ
vkSj mlus viuk uke f'k[kaMh j[k fy;kA
tc dkSjoksa vkSj ikaMoksa osQ chp oqQ#{ks=k
osQ eSnku esa ;q¼ gqvk] rks Hkh"e osQ fo#¼
yM+rs le; f'k[kaMh jFk osQ vkxs cSBk Fkk vkSj
vtZqu Bhd mlosQ ihNsA Kkuh Hkh"e dks ;g
ckr ekywe Fkh fd vack gh f'k[kaMh dk :i
èkkj.k fd, gq, gSA blfy, mUgksaus ml ij ck.k
pykuk viuh ohjksfpr izfr"Bk osQ fo#¼ le>kA
f'k[kaMh dks vkxs djosQ vtqZu us Hkh"e firkeg
ij geyk fd;k vkSj var esa mu ij fot;
izkIr dhA tc Hkh"e vkgr gksdj i`Foh ij
fxjs] rc tkdj vack dk ozQksèk 'kkar gqvkA
Rationalised 2023-24