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Biotechnology- Principles & Processes Practice Questions - DPP for NEET

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1. What are the principles and processes of biotechnology?
Ans. Biotechnology is a field that combines biology and technology to develop new products and improve existing ones. The principles of biotechnology involve the use of living organisms or their components to produce useful products or perform specific tasks. The processes include techniques such as genetic engineering, fermentation, and tissue culture, which are used to manipulate and modify biological systems for various purposes.
2. How is genetic engineering used in biotechnology?
Ans. Genetic engineering is a technique used in biotechnology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism. It involves inserting or deleting specific genes in an organism's DNA to give it new traits or enhance existing ones. This technique has various applications, such as the production of genetically modified crops, the development of gene therapies, and the creation of recombinant proteins for medical purposes.
3. What is fermentation in biotechnology?
Ans. Fermentation is a process used in biotechnology to convert organic substances into useful products using microorganisms. It involves the anaerobic breakdown of complex molecules, such as sugars, by microorganisms like bacteria or yeast, to produce simpler compounds like alcohol or organic acids. Fermentation is commonly used in the production of alcoholic beverages, bread, and various industrial products like antibiotics and enzymes.
4. How is tissue culture used in biotechnology?
Ans. Tissue culture, also known as cell culture, is a technique used in biotechnology to grow and maintain cells or tissues in a controlled environment. It involves isolating cells or tissues from a plant or animal and providing them with the necessary nutrients and conditions for growth. Tissue culture is used for various purposes, such as the production of disease-resistant plants, the study of cell behavior, and the creation of artificial organs for medical research.
5. What are the potential applications of biotechnology in the future?
Ans. Biotechnology holds immense potential for the future in various fields. It can contribute to advancements in medicine by developing new drugs, vaccines, and personalized therapies. It can also help in the production of sustainable biofuels and bioplastics, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels. Additionally, biotechnology can aid in environmental conservation through the development of bioremediation techniques to clean up pollution. Overall, biotechnology has the potential to revolutionize industries and improve the quality of life for individuals.
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