Kurukshetra Magazine June 2022 - 1 | Monthly Yojana & Kurukshetra Magazine (English) - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


A Journal on Rural Development 
Vol. 70  No. 8  Pages  52
June  2022
Kurukshetra
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of Rural Development to all people. It serves as a forum for free, frank and serious discussion on the problems of Rural 
Development with special focus on Rural Uplift.
The views expressed by the authors in the articles are their own. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government or the organisations they work for.
The readers are requested to verify the claims in the advertisements regarding career guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra does not own responsibility. Maps 
used  are for illustration & study purpose and may not strictly conform to the official map. Images, graphics and illustrations, wherever used, are mostly sourced from 
government channels and are indicative in nature. Final  Editing rights will vest with Kurukshetra Team.
Sales Emporia : ? Delhi - BM (I/c), Publications Division, CGO Complex, Soochna Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 (011-24365609); 
Hall No. 196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054 (011-23890205) ? Kolkata - BM (I/c),  Publications Division, 8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 
(033-22482576) ? Mumbai - BM (I/c), Publications Division, 701, C-Wing, 7th Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614 
(022-27570686) ? Chennai - BM (I/c), Publications Division, ‘A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Besant Nagar, Chennai - 600090 (044-24917673)  
? Thiruvananthapuram - BM, Publications Division, Press Road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthpuram - 6950001 (0471-2330650)  
? Hyderabad - BM, Publications Division, Room No. 204, 2nd Floor, C.G.O. Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500080 (040-27535383)   
? Bengaluru - BM (I/c), Sales Unit,  Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, Bengaluru - 560034 (080-25537244)  
? Patna - BM, Publications Division, Bihar State Co-operative, Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 (0612-2675823)  
? Lucknow - BM, Publications Division, Hall No. 1, 2nd Floor, Kendriya Bhawan, sector – H, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226024 (0522-2325455)  
? Ahmedabad -  Sales Unit, Publications Division, 4-C, Neptune Tower, 4th Floor, Nr HP Petrol Pump, Nehru Bridge Corner, Ashram Road, 
Ahmedabad Gujarat -380009 (079-26588669)  ? Guwahati - Publications Division, Assam Khadi and Village Industries Board, Ground 
Floor, MRD Road, Chandmari, Guwahati - 781003 (0361- 2668237/2664613)
CONTENT
? Rural Tourism: India an Incredible 
Tourism Destination   
Avinash Mishra  
Madhubanti Dutta  5
EDITOR 
Shiela Chaudhary 
Pankhuri Awasthi
JOINT DIRECTOR (PRODUCTION)
D.K.C. Hrudhainath
COVER DESIGN
Rajender Kumar
EDITORIAL OFFICE
Room No. 653,  
Publications Division,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
Phone : 011-24362859  
Email : kurukshetrajournal@gmail.com
For Subscription Enquiries,  
Grievances, Renewals and Agency  
Information, Please Contact:
Journals Unit 
Publications Division, Room No. 779,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM)
TELE : 24367453  FAX: 24365610
Email : pdjucir@gmail.com
Website : publicationsdivision.nic.in
@publicationsdivision
@DPD_India
@dpd_India
For Online Sale, please log on to  
bharatkosh.gov.in/product, and for  
e-books, please visit Google Play,  
Kobo or Amazon.
Subscription* :
Inland
1 Year : ` 230
2 Years : ` 430
3 Years : ` 610
Abroad (Air Mail)
One Year
` 530 (SAARC Countries)
` 730 (Other Countries)
* Revised from April 2016  
   Issue Onwards
? Development of Rural Tourism
Ganji Kamala Vardhana Rao  11
? Rural Tourism-Culture and Heritage  
Hemanth Menon 16
? North-eastern India- A Tourism 
Paradise  
Dr. Tapati Baruah Kashyap 21
? Tourism in Jammu and Kashmir  
Irtif Lone 27
? Tourism for AatmaNirbhar Bharat   
Dr. Namrata Singh Panwar              32
? Tourism Infrastructure Development 
Dr. Suyash Yadav  38
? Reviving Tourism post COVID-19 
Pandemic 
Bhavya Tyagi and Karishma Sharma 45
Page 2


A Journal on Rural Development 
Vol. 70  No. 8  Pages  52
June  2022
Kurukshetra
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of Rural Development to all people. It serves as a forum for free, frank and serious discussion on the problems of Rural 
Development with special focus on Rural Uplift.
The views expressed by the authors in the articles are their own. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government or the organisations they work for.
The readers are requested to verify the claims in the advertisements regarding career guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra does not own responsibility. Maps 
used  are for illustration & study purpose and may not strictly conform to the official map. Images, graphics and illustrations, wherever used, are mostly sourced from 
government channels and are indicative in nature. Final  Editing rights will vest with Kurukshetra Team.
Sales Emporia : ? Delhi - BM (I/c), Publications Division, CGO Complex, Soochna Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 (011-24365609); 
Hall No. 196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054 (011-23890205) ? Kolkata - BM (I/c),  Publications Division, 8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 
(033-22482576) ? Mumbai - BM (I/c), Publications Division, 701, C-Wing, 7th Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614 
(022-27570686) ? Chennai - BM (I/c), Publications Division, ‘A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Besant Nagar, Chennai - 600090 (044-24917673)  
? Thiruvananthapuram - BM, Publications Division, Press Road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthpuram - 6950001 (0471-2330650)  
? Hyderabad - BM, Publications Division, Room No. 204, 2nd Floor, C.G.O. Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500080 (040-27535383)   
? Bengaluru - BM (I/c), Sales Unit,  Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, Bengaluru - 560034 (080-25537244)  
? Patna - BM, Publications Division, Bihar State Co-operative, Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 (0612-2675823)  
? Lucknow - BM, Publications Division, Hall No. 1, 2nd Floor, Kendriya Bhawan, sector – H, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226024 (0522-2325455)  
? Ahmedabad -  Sales Unit, Publications Division, 4-C, Neptune Tower, 4th Floor, Nr HP Petrol Pump, Nehru Bridge Corner, Ashram Road, 
Ahmedabad Gujarat -380009 (079-26588669)  ? Guwahati - Publications Division, Assam Khadi and Village Industries Board, Ground 
Floor, MRD Road, Chandmari, Guwahati - 781003 (0361- 2668237/2664613)
CONTENT
? Rural Tourism: India an Incredible 
Tourism Destination   
Avinash Mishra  
Madhubanti Dutta  5
EDITOR 
Shiela Chaudhary 
Pankhuri Awasthi
JOINT DIRECTOR (PRODUCTION)
D.K.C. Hrudhainath
COVER DESIGN
Rajender Kumar
EDITORIAL OFFICE
Room No. 653,  
Publications Division,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
Phone : 011-24362859  
Email : kurukshetrajournal@gmail.com
For Subscription Enquiries,  
Grievances, Renewals and Agency  
Information, Please Contact:
Journals Unit 
Publications Division, Room No. 779,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM)
TELE : 24367453  FAX: 24365610
Email : pdjucir@gmail.com
Website : publicationsdivision.nic.in
@publicationsdivision
@DPD_India
@dpd_India
For Online Sale, please log on to  
bharatkosh.gov.in/product, and for  
e-books, please visit Google Play,  
Kobo or Amazon.
Subscription* :
Inland
1 Year : ` 230
2 Years : ` 430
3 Years : ` 610
Abroad (Air Mail)
One Year
` 530 (SAARC Countries)
` 730 (Other Countries)
* Revised from April 2016  
   Issue Onwards
? Development of Rural Tourism
Ganji Kamala Vardhana Rao  11
? Rural Tourism-Culture and Heritage  
Hemanth Menon 16
? North-eastern India- A Tourism 
Paradise  
Dr. Tapati Baruah Kashyap 21
? Tourism in Jammu and Kashmir  
Irtif Lone 27
? Tourism for AatmaNirbhar Bharat   
Dr. Namrata Singh Panwar              32
? Tourism Infrastructure Development 
Dr. Suyash Yadav  38
? Reviving Tourism post COVID-19 
Pandemic 
Bhavya Tyagi and Karishma Sharma 45
Kurukshetra      June  2022 4
Overtourism, a newly coined word, influenced by mass culture means a 
very high number of people visiting a few tourist destinations, which suffer from 
the excessive presence of tourism such as Shimla and Goa. Overtourism has 
consequences like destruction of natural ecosystem, increase in the amount of 
waste, inflation, migration of residents and so on. The most preferable solution to 
this problem is a shift towards eco tourism or rural tourism—a fast growing industry 
focused on conservation of nature and local livelihood creation. Rural Tourism can 
provide boost to the tourism industry and help recover the post pandemic setback. 
Therefore, the theme of this issue of Kurukshetra is Rural Tourism.
India’s strength lies in her villages as a large fraction of our population (69 
percent) lives in rural areas and rural economy contributes about 46 percent 
towards the national income and 25-30 percent of India's GDP. Therefore, tourism 
in rural areas has a high potential to stimulate local economic growth and social 
change. Rural Tourism is one of the Niche Tourism Products/sectors promoted by 
the Ministry of Tourism. 
According to our lead article Rural Tourism: India an Incredible Tourism 
Destination, tourism acts as a catalyst for the economic growth of a country. It 
throws a light upon the importance of tourism with a special focus on rural tourism. 
It states that India's rural areas have a lot to offer to the rest of the world. Rural 
India, which is rich in arts, crafts, and culture, has the potential to become a tourist 
hotspot. If the concept of rural tourism is well-marketed, those in the developed 
world, particularly millennials who are fascinated by traditional ways of life, arts, 
and crafts will be drawn to visit rural India.
The article Development of Rural Tourism delves into various schemes and 
programmes undertaken by the Government of India to promote and develop rural 
tourism. It states that rural tourism is an opportunity to promote sustainable and 
responsible tourism.
Pilgrimages were the first forms of tourism mobility to emerge thousands of 
years ago. The article Rural Tourism-Culture and Heritage provides us a glimpse of 
rural tourism through the lens of culture and heritage. According to it even today, a 
lot of tourism-related development in India revolves around pilgrimages, amongst 
other factors of interest.
India’s North-eastern region is a paradise for tourists from all over the world. 
The seven states are full of beautiful places that attract tourists during any time of 
the year. The article North-eastern India- A Tourism Paradise takes us on a journey 
of the seven sister states beautifully. It contains the description of prominent tourist 
places of seven north-eastern states. 
The article Tourism Infrastructure Development introduces us to the 3 “A” 
Approach of tourism infrastructure development. It states that there can be no 
tourism without a destination. For a destination to develop and sustain itself, the 
3 ‘A’s are fundamentally important. These three A’s have to be present in sync for 
any form of tourism to thrive, including rural tourism. An attempt has been made to 
co-relate the ‘A’s with Rural Tourism. An article on Reviving Tourism post COVID-19 
Pandemic has also been included in this issue.
We hope our readers find information provided through various write-ups on 
Rural Tourism valuable, interesting and insightful. We wish our readers a happy 
reading. Stay safe. 
Page 3


A Journal on Rural Development 
Vol. 70  No. 8  Pages  52
June  2022
Kurukshetra
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of Rural Development to all people. It serves as a forum for free, frank and serious discussion on the problems of Rural 
Development with special focus on Rural Uplift.
The views expressed by the authors in the articles are their own. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government or the organisations they work for.
The readers are requested to verify the claims in the advertisements regarding career guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra does not own responsibility. Maps 
used  are for illustration & study purpose and may not strictly conform to the official map. Images, graphics and illustrations, wherever used, are mostly sourced from 
government channels and are indicative in nature. Final  Editing rights will vest with Kurukshetra Team.
Sales Emporia : ? Delhi - BM (I/c), Publications Division, CGO Complex, Soochna Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 (011-24365609); 
Hall No. 196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054 (011-23890205) ? Kolkata - BM (I/c),  Publications Division, 8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 
(033-22482576) ? Mumbai - BM (I/c), Publications Division, 701, C-Wing, 7th Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614 
(022-27570686) ? Chennai - BM (I/c), Publications Division, ‘A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Besant Nagar, Chennai - 600090 (044-24917673)  
? Thiruvananthapuram - BM, Publications Division, Press Road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthpuram - 6950001 (0471-2330650)  
? Hyderabad - BM, Publications Division, Room No. 204, 2nd Floor, C.G.O. Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500080 (040-27535383)   
? Bengaluru - BM (I/c), Sales Unit,  Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, Bengaluru - 560034 (080-25537244)  
? Patna - BM, Publications Division, Bihar State Co-operative, Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 (0612-2675823)  
? Lucknow - BM, Publications Division, Hall No. 1, 2nd Floor, Kendriya Bhawan, sector – H, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226024 (0522-2325455)  
? Ahmedabad -  Sales Unit, Publications Division, 4-C, Neptune Tower, 4th Floor, Nr HP Petrol Pump, Nehru Bridge Corner, Ashram Road, 
Ahmedabad Gujarat -380009 (079-26588669)  ? Guwahati - Publications Division, Assam Khadi and Village Industries Board, Ground 
Floor, MRD Road, Chandmari, Guwahati - 781003 (0361- 2668237/2664613)
CONTENT
? Rural Tourism: India an Incredible 
Tourism Destination   
Avinash Mishra  
Madhubanti Dutta  5
EDITOR 
Shiela Chaudhary 
Pankhuri Awasthi
JOINT DIRECTOR (PRODUCTION)
D.K.C. Hrudhainath
COVER DESIGN
Rajender Kumar
EDITORIAL OFFICE
Room No. 653,  
Publications Division,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
Phone : 011-24362859  
Email : kurukshetrajournal@gmail.com
For Subscription Enquiries,  
Grievances, Renewals and Agency  
Information, Please Contact:
Journals Unit 
Publications Division, Room No. 779,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM)
TELE : 24367453  FAX: 24365610
Email : pdjucir@gmail.com
Website : publicationsdivision.nic.in
@publicationsdivision
@DPD_India
@dpd_India
For Online Sale, please log on to  
bharatkosh.gov.in/product, and for  
e-books, please visit Google Play,  
Kobo or Amazon.
Subscription* :
Inland
1 Year : ` 230
2 Years : ` 430
3 Years : ` 610
Abroad (Air Mail)
One Year
` 530 (SAARC Countries)
` 730 (Other Countries)
* Revised from April 2016  
   Issue Onwards
? Development of Rural Tourism
Ganji Kamala Vardhana Rao  11
? Rural Tourism-Culture and Heritage  
Hemanth Menon 16
? North-eastern India- A Tourism 
Paradise  
Dr. Tapati Baruah Kashyap 21
? Tourism in Jammu and Kashmir  
Irtif Lone 27
? Tourism for AatmaNirbhar Bharat   
Dr. Namrata Singh Panwar              32
? Tourism Infrastructure Development 
Dr. Suyash Yadav  38
? Reviving Tourism post COVID-19 
Pandemic 
Bhavya Tyagi and Karishma Sharma 45
Kurukshetra      June  2022 4
Overtourism, a newly coined word, influenced by mass culture means a 
very high number of people visiting a few tourist destinations, which suffer from 
the excessive presence of tourism such as Shimla and Goa. Overtourism has 
consequences like destruction of natural ecosystem, increase in the amount of 
waste, inflation, migration of residents and so on. The most preferable solution to 
this problem is a shift towards eco tourism or rural tourism—a fast growing industry 
focused on conservation of nature and local livelihood creation. Rural Tourism can 
provide boost to the tourism industry and help recover the post pandemic setback. 
Therefore, the theme of this issue of Kurukshetra is Rural Tourism.
India’s strength lies in her villages as a large fraction of our population (69 
percent) lives in rural areas and rural economy contributes about 46 percent 
towards the national income and 25-30 percent of India's GDP. Therefore, tourism 
in rural areas has a high potential to stimulate local economic growth and social 
change. Rural Tourism is one of the Niche Tourism Products/sectors promoted by 
the Ministry of Tourism. 
According to our lead article Rural Tourism: India an Incredible Tourism 
Destination, tourism acts as a catalyst for the economic growth of a country. It 
throws a light upon the importance of tourism with a special focus on rural tourism. 
It states that India's rural areas have a lot to offer to the rest of the world. Rural 
India, which is rich in arts, crafts, and culture, has the potential to become a tourist 
hotspot. If the concept of rural tourism is well-marketed, those in the developed 
world, particularly millennials who are fascinated by traditional ways of life, arts, 
and crafts will be drawn to visit rural India.
The article Development of Rural Tourism delves into various schemes and 
programmes undertaken by the Government of India to promote and develop rural 
tourism. It states that rural tourism is an opportunity to promote sustainable and 
responsible tourism.
Pilgrimages were the first forms of tourism mobility to emerge thousands of 
years ago. The article Rural Tourism-Culture and Heritage provides us a glimpse of 
rural tourism through the lens of culture and heritage. According to it even today, a 
lot of tourism-related development in India revolves around pilgrimages, amongst 
other factors of interest.
India’s North-eastern region is a paradise for tourists from all over the world. 
The seven states are full of beautiful places that attract tourists during any time of 
the year. The article North-eastern India- A Tourism Paradise takes us on a journey 
of the seven sister states beautifully. It contains the description of prominent tourist 
places of seven north-eastern states. 
The article Tourism Infrastructure Development introduces us to the 3 “A” 
Approach of tourism infrastructure development. It states that there can be no 
tourism without a destination. For a destination to develop and sustain itself, the 
3 ‘A’s are fundamentally important. These three A’s have to be present in sync for 
any form of tourism to thrive, including rural tourism. An attempt has been made to 
co-relate the ‘A’s with Rural Tourism. An article on Reviving Tourism post COVID-19 
Pandemic has also been included in this issue.
We hope our readers find information provided through various write-ups on 
Rural Tourism valuable, interesting and insightful. We wish our readers a happy 
reading. Stay safe. 
Kurukshetra      June  2022 5
Avinash Mishra 
 Madhubanti Dutta
India showcases rich heritage and natural abundance of many incredible places that are worthy enough to represent the 
nation globally. The sector has been instrumental in providing mass employment opportunities and substantially increasing 
income levels of both the formal and informal sectors of the economy. Professional training should be imparted to the 
eligible people with the aim of making them duly qualified and competent with the requisite professional skills so that they 
can take up jobs as heritage tour guides in the tourism industry. A certified guide license will further increase the credibility 
of a tourist guide in the eyes of the tourists, enhance the overall experience of tourists who visit the country, and generate 
employment opportunities in the tourism industry. 
Rural Tourism: India an Incredible Tourism Destination
ndia is one of the world's oldest 
civilisations which offers a kaleidoscope 
of cultural experiences. The country 
has a rich heritage and numerous 
attractions. It stretches from the snow-capped 
Himalayan peaks to the tropical rain forests of the 
south, covering 32,872,263 square kilometers
1
. It is 
the world's seventh-largest country, distinguished 
from the rest of Asia by mountains and the sea 
which gives the country a distinct geographical 
identity. It is a remarkable tourism destination that 
provides visitors with diverse experiences. India 
showcases a variety of heritage resources crafted 
hundreds of years ago, from huge heritage sites to 
pristine sea beaches in Andaman & Nicobar and 
Lakshadweep.
Tourism contributes to substantial economic, 
social, cultural, educational, and political 
development. The tourism industry generates 
both direct and indirect employment. With its 
rapid growth, new opportunities have increased, 
I
ranging from highly skilled and trained managers 
in high-end tourist hotels to semi-skilled workers. 
Tourism has become one of the most important 
economic sectors in countries like India, producing 
significant national income and creating high 
employment opportunities.
It has become the country's fastest-growing 
service industry with excellent potential for 
expansion and diversification.
Tourism- A Catalyst to Economic Growth
Under the Swadesh Darshan scheme, the 
Ministry of Tourism is developing thematic 
circuits in the country in a planned and prioritised 
manner. Under the scheme, 15 thematic circuits 
have been identified for development; namely, 
North-East Circuit, Buddhist Circuit, Himalayan 
Circuit, Coastal Circuit, Krishna Circuit, Desert 
Circuit, Tribal Circuit, Eco Circuit, Wildlife Circuit, 
Rural Circuit, Spiritual Circuit, Ramayana Circuit, 
Heritage Circuit, Sufi Circuit, and Tirthankara 
1
Indian Tourism Statistics, 2019
(City Palace-Jaipur)
Page 4


A Journal on Rural Development 
Vol. 70  No. 8  Pages  52
June  2022
Kurukshetra
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of Rural Development to all people. It serves as a forum for free, frank and serious discussion on the problems of Rural 
Development with special focus on Rural Uplift.
The views expressed by the authors in the articles are their own. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government or the organisations they work for.
The readers are requested to verify the claims in the advertisements regarding career guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra does not own responsibility. Maps 
used  are for illustration & study purpose and may not strictly conform to the official map. Images, graphics and illustrations, wherever used, are mostly sourced from 
government channels and are indicative in nature. Final  Editing rights will vest with Kurukshetra Team.
Sales Emporia : ? Delhi - BM (I/c), Publications Division, CGO Complex, Soochna Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 (011-24365609); 
Hall No. 196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054 (011-23890205) ? Kolkata - BM (I/c),  Publications Division, 8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 
(033-22482576) ? Mumbai - BM (I/c), Publications Division, 701, C-Wing, 7th Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai-400614 
(022-27570686) ? Chennai - BM (I/c), Publications Division, ‘A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Besant Nagar, Chennai - 600090 (044-24917673)  
? Thiruvananthapuram - BM, Publications Division, Press Road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthpuram - 6950001 (0471-2330650)  
? Hyderabad - BM, Publications Division, Room No. 204, 2nd Floor, C.G.O. Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500080 (040-27535383)   
? Bengaluru - BM (I/c), Sales Unit,  Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, Bengaluru - 560034 (080-25537244)  
? Patna - BM, Publications Division, Bihar State Co-operative, Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 (0612-2675823)  
? Lucknow - BM, Publications Division, Hall No. 1, 2nd Floor, Kendriya Bhawan, sector – H, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226024 (0522-2325455)  
? Ahmedabad -  Sales Unit, Publications Division, 4-C, Neptune Tower, 4th Floor, Nr HP Petrol Pump, Nehru Bridge Corner, Ashram Road, 
Ahmedabad Gujarat -380009 (079-26588669)  ? Guwahati - Publications Division, Assam Khadi and Village Industries Board, Ground 
Floor, MRD Road, Chandmari, Guwahati - 781003 (0361- 2668237/2664613)
CONTENT
? Rural Tourism: India an Incredible 
Tourism Destination   
Avinash Mishra  
Madhubanti Dutta  5
EDITOR 
Shiela Chaudhary 
Pankhuri Awasthi
JOINT DIRECTOR (PRODUCTION)
D.K.C. Hrudhainath
COVER DESIGN
Rajender Kumar
EDITORIAL OFFICE
Room No. 653,  
Publications Division,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 
Phone : 011-24362859  
Email : kurukshetrajournal@gmail.com
For Subscription Enquiries,  
Grievances, Renewals and Agency  
Information, Please Contact:
Journals Unit 
Publications Division, Room No. 779,  
Soochna Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex,  
Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM)
TELE : 24367453  FAX: 24365610
Email : pdjucir@gmail.com
Website : publicationsdivision.nic.in
@publicationsdivision
@DPD_India
@dpd_India
For Online Sale, please log on to  
bharatkosh.gov.in/product, and for  
e-books, please visit Google Play,  
Kobo or Amazon.
Subscription* :
Inland
1 Year : ` 230
2 Years : ` 430
3 Years : ` 610
Abroad (Air Mail)
One Year
` 530 (SAARC Countries)
` 730 (Other Countries)
* Revised from April 2016  
   Issue Onwards
? Development of Rural Tourism
Ganji Kamala Vardhana Rao  11
? Rural Tourism-Culture and Heritage  
Hemanth Menon 16
? North-eastern India- A Tourism 
Paradise  
Dr. Tapati Baruah Kashyap 21
? Tourism in Jammu and Kashmir  
Irtif Lone 27
? Tourism for AatmaNirbhar Bharat   
Dr. Namrata Singh Panwar              32
? Tourism Infrastructure Development 
Dr. Suyash Yadav  38
? Reviving Tourism post COVID-19 
Pandemic 
Bhavya Tyagi and Karishma Sharma 45
Kurukshetra      June  2022 4
Overtourism, a newly coined word, influenced by mass culture means a 
very high number of people visiting a few tourist destinations, which suffer from 
the excessive presence of tourism such as Shimla and Goa. Overtourism has 
consequences like destruction of natural ecosystem, increase in the amount of 
waste, inflation, migration of residents and so on. The most preferable solution to 
this problem is a shift towards eco tourism or rural tourism—a fast growing industry 
focused on conservation of nature and local livelihood creation. Rural Tourism can 
provide boost to the tourism industry and help recover the post pandemic setback. 
Therefore, the theme of this issue of Kurukshetra is Rural Tourism.
India’s strength lies in her villages as a large fraction of our population (69 
percent) lives in rural areas and rural economy contributes about 46 percent 
towards the national income and 25-30 percent of India's GDP. Therefore, tourism 
in rural areas has a high potential to stimulate local economic growth and social 
change. Rural Tourism is one of the Niche Tourism Products/sectors promoted by 
the Ministry of Tourism. 
According to our lead article Rural Tourism: India an Incredible Tourism 
Destination, tourism acts as a catalyst for the economic growth of a country. It 
throws a light upon the importance of tourism with a special focus on rural tourism. 
It states that India's rural areas have a lot to offer to the rest of the world. Rural 
India, which is rich in arts, crafts, and culture, has the potential to become a tourist 
hotspot. If the concept of rural tourism is well-marketed, those in the developed 
world, particularly millennials who are fascinated by traditional ways of life, arts, 
and crafts will be drawn to visit rural India.
The article Development of Rural Tourism delves into various schemes and 
programmes undertaken by the Government of India to promote and develop rural 
tourism. It states that rural tourism is an opportunity to promote sustainable and 
responsible tourism.
Pilgrimages were the first forms of tourism mobility to emerge thousands of 
years ago. The article Rural Tourism-Culture and Heritage provides us a glimpse of 
rural tourism through the lens of culture and heritage. According to it even today, a 
lot of tourism-related development in India revolves around pilgrimages, amongst 
other factors of interest.
India’s North-eastern region is a paradise for tourists from all over the world. 
The seven states are full of beautiful places that attract tourists during any time of 
the year. The article North-eastern India- A Tourism Paradise takes us on a journey 
of the seven sister states beautifully. It contains the description of prominent tourist 
places of seven north-eastern states. 
The article Tourism Infrastructure Development introduces us to the 3 “A” 
Approach of tourism infrastructure development. It states that there can be no 
tourism without a destination. For a destination to develop and sustain itself, the 
3 ‘A’s are fundamentally important. These three A’s have to be present in sync for 
any form of tourism to thrive, including rural tourism. An attempt has been made to 
co-relate the ‘A’s with Rural Tourism. An article on Reviving Tourism post COVID-19 
Pandemic has also been included in this issue.
We hope our readers find information provided through various write-ups on 
Rural Tourism valuable, interesting and insightful. We wish our readers a happy 
reading. Stay safe. 
Kurukshetra      June  2022 5
Avinash Mishra 
 Madhubanti Dutta
India showcases rich heritage and natural abundance of many incredible places that are worthy enough to represent the 
nation globally. The sector has been instrumental in providing mass employment opportunities and substantially increasing 
income levels of both the formal and informal sectors of the economy. Professional training should be imparted to the 
eligible people with the aim of making them duly qualified and competent with the requisite professional skills so that they 
can take up jobs as heritage tour guides in the tourism industry. A certified guide license will further increase the credibility 
of a tourist guide in the eyes of the tourists, enhance the overall experience of tourists who visit the country, and generate 
employment opportunities in the tourism industry. 
Rural Tourism: India an Incredible Tourism Destination
ndia is one of the world's oldest 
civilisations which offers a kaleidoscope 
of cultural experiences. The country 
has a rich heritage and numerous 
attractions. It stretches from the snow-capped 
Himalayan peaks to the tropical rain forests of the 
south, covering 32,872,263 square kilometers
1
. It is 
the world's seventh-largest country, distinguished 
from the rest of Asia by mountains and the sea 
which gives the country a distinct geographical 
identity. It is a remarkable tourism destination that 
provides visitors with diverse experiences. India 
showcases a variety of heritage resources crafted 
hundreds of years ago, from huge heritage sites to 
pristine sea beaches in Andaman & Nicobar and 
Lakshadweep.
Tourism contributes to substantial economic, 
social, cultural, educational, and political 
development. The tourism industry generates 
both direct and indirect employment. With its 
rapid growth, new opportunities have increased, 
I
ranging from highly skilled and trained managers 
in high-end tourist hotels to semi-skilled workers. 
Tourism has become one of the most important 
economic sectors in countries like India, producing 
significant national income and creating high 
employment opportunities.
It has become the country's fastest-growing 
service industry with excellent potential for 
expansion and diversification.
Tourism- A Catalyst to Economic Growth
Under the Swadesh Darshan scheme, the 
Ministry of Tourism is developing thematic 
circuits in the country in a planned and prioritised 
manner. Under the scheme, 15 thematic circuits 
have been identified for development; namely, 
North-East Circuit, Buddhist Circuit, Himalayan 
Circuit, Coastal Circuit, Krishna Circuit, Desert 
Circuit, Tribal Circuit, Eco Circuit, Wildlife Circuit, 
Rural Circuit, Spiritual Circuit, Ramayana Circuit, 
Heritage Circuit, Sufi Circuit, and Tirthankara 
1
Indian Tourism Statistics, 2019
(City Palace-Jaipur)
Kurukshetra      June  2022 6
Circuit. The Ministry of Tourism has taken several 
steps to promote tourism in a sustainable way. It 
has launched the Swadesh Darshan and PRASHAD 
schemes to improve its tourism infrastructure. 
By collaborating with various Central Ministries/
Departments, State Governments, and Urban 
Local Bodies, 17 iconic sites in the country have 
been identified for development. 
It has also launched the "Adopt a Heritage-
Apni Dharohar Apni Pehchan" project, aiming to 
improve and maintain visitor facilities at heritage 
sites, monuments, and other tourist attractions. 
Another significant milestone was the provision 
of e-Visas for nationals of 170 countries in five 
subcategories i.e. Tourist visas, e-Business visas, 
e-Medical visas, e-Medical Attendant visas, and 
e-Conference visas
2
.
NITI Aayog has taken up the holistic 
development of a few identified islands in the 
country. The final Site Potential Development 
Report has been prepared for four islands in 
Andaman and Nicobar (A&N), namely Smith, 
Ross, Long, and Aves Islands; and five islands 
in Lakshadweep, namely Minicoy, Bangaram, 
Thinnakara, Cheriyam, and Suheli Islands. Tourism-
based projects have been identified in Long, Aves, 
Smith, and Neil Islands of A&N and Minicoy, 
Kadamat, and Suheli Islands of Lakshadweep. 
Development of Coastal Circuit (Long Island-Ross 
Smith Island- Neil Island- Havelock Island- Baratang 
Island-Port Blair) in Andaman and 
Nicobar under the Coastal thematic 
circuit of Swadesh Darshan Scheme is 
implemented for the development of 
island tourism in the country
3
.
Given Lakshadweep's enormous 
ecotourism and fisheries potential, 
India can become a role model for 
ecotourism and sustainable fisheries 
without jeopardising the fragile and 
sensitive biodiversity of the region. 
Various initiatives, such as undersea 
optical fiber connectivity, airport 
expansion, infrastructure upgrading, 
and a plan to build water villas on 
several islands, are examples of 
commendable efforts. Large-scale 
seaweed cultivation attempts to modernise the 
fisheries sector, and steps to increase production 
of organic coconut oil and coir are also being 
pursued
4
.
National parks form the cornerstone of 
biodiversity and are important for supporting 
ecosystems and the flora that live within them. 
National Parks provide a major boost to the Indian 
economy, with wildlife and nature-based tourism. 
In addition to the economic benefits, tourism 
has promoted cultural interaction between Indian 
citizens and people of other countries and fostered 
regional cooperation. The sector has also played a 
pivotal role in enhancing India's soft power. The 
travel and tourism Industry is one of the fastest-
growing industries globally, with a growth rate of 
3.5 percent vis-à-vis a global economic growth 
rate of 2.5 percent in 2019. The sector contributed 
around 10.4 percent to global GDP, generated 330 
million employees worldwide, and accounted for 
27.4 percent of global services exports. However, 
COVID-19 has had a detrimental impact on the travel 
industry worldwide, with the sector's contribution 
to global GDP and employment declining by 49 
percent and 19 percent, respectively
5
.
The tourism sector contributes immensely 
to foreign exchange reserves in the country and 
provides employment opportunities, both in the 
2
Ministry of Tourism, 03 FEB 2020, PIB Delhi
3
Ministry of Tourism, 07 JAN 2019, PIB Delhi
4
Vice President's Secretariat, 01 JAN 2022, PIB Delhi
5
Economic Impact Reports, World Travel & Tourism Council
(Taj Mahal)
Page 5


A Journal on Rural Development 
Vol. 70  No. 8  Pages  52
June  2022
Kurukshetra
Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of Rural Development to all people. It serves as a forum for free, frank and serious discussion on the problems of Rural 
Development with special focus on Rural Uplift.
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CONTENT
? Rural Tourism: India an Incredible 
Tourism Destination   
Avinash Mishra  
Madhubanti Dutta  5
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Shiela Chaudhary 
Pankhuri Awasthi
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   Issue Onwards
? Development of Rural Tourism
Ganji Kamala Vardhana Rao  11
? Rural Tourism-Culture and Heritage  
Hemanth Menon 16
? North-eastern India- A Tourism 
Paradise  
Dr. Tapati Baruah Kashyap 21
? Tourism in Jammu and Kashmir  
Irtif Lone 27
? Tourism for AatmaNirbhar Bharat   
Dr. Namrata Singh Panwar              32
? Tourism Infrastructure Development 
Dr. Suyash Yadav  38
? Reviving Tourism post COVID-19 
Pandemic 
Bhavya Tyagi and Karishma Sharma 45
Kurukshetra      June  2022 4
Overtourism, a newly coined word, influenced by mass culture means a 
very high number of people visiting a few tourist destinations, which suffer from 
the excessive presence of tourism such as Shimla and Goa. Overtourism has 
consequences like destruction of natural ecosystem, increase in the amount of 
waste, inflation, migration of residents and so on. The most preferable solution to 
this problem is a shift towards eco tourism or rural tourism—a fast growing industry 
focused on conservation of nature and local livelihood creation. Rural Tourism can 
provide boost to the tourism industry and help recover the post pandemic setback. 
Therefore, the theme of this issue of Kurukshetra is Rural Tourism.
India’s strength lies in her villages as a large fraction of our population (69 
percent) lives in rural areas and rural economy contributes about 46 percent 
towards the national income and 25-30 percent of India's GDP. Therefore, tourism 
in rural areas has a high potential to stimulate local economic growth and social 
change. Rural Tourism is one of the Niche Tourism Products/sectors promoted by 
the Ministry of Tourism. 
According to our lead article Rural Tourism: India an Incredible Tourism 
Destination, tourism acts as a catalyst for the economic growth of a country. It 
throws a light upon the importance of tourism with a special focus on rural tourism. 
It states that India's rural areas have a lot to offer to the rest of the world. Rural 
India, which is rich in arts, crafts, and culture, has the potential to become a tourist 
hotspot. If the concept of rural tourism is well-marketed, those in the developed 
world, particularly millennials who are fascinated by traditional ways of life, arts, 
and crafts will be drawn to visit rural India.
The article Development of Rural Tourism delves into various schemes and 
programmes undertaken by the Government of India to promote and develop rural 
tourism. It states that rural tourism is an opportunity to promote sustainable and 
responsible tourism.
Pilgrimages were the first forms of tourism mobility to emerge thousands of 
years ago. The article Rural Tourism-Culture and Heritage provides us a glimpse of 
rural tourism through the lens of culture and heritage. According to it even today, a 
lot of tourism-related development in India revolves around pilgrimages, amongst 
other factors of interest.
India’s North-eastern region is a paradise for tourists from all over the world. 
The seven states are full of beautiful places that attract tourists during any time of 
the year. The article North-eastern India- A Tourism Paradise takes us on a journey 
of the seven sister states beautifully. It contains the description of prominent tourist 
places of seven north-eastern states. 
The article Tourism Infrastructure Development introduces us to the 3 “A” 
Approach of tourism infrastructure development. It states that there can be no 
tourism without a destination. For a destination to develop and sustain itself, the 
3 ‘A’s are fundamentally important. These three A’s have to be present in sync for 
any form of tourism to thrive, including rural tourism. An attempt has been made to 
co-relate the ‘A’s with Rural Tourism. An article on Reviving Tourism post COVID-19 
Pandemic has also been included in this issue.
We hope our readers find information provided through various write-ups on 
Rural Tourism valuable, interesting and insightful. We wish our readers a happy 
reading. Stay safe. 
Kurukshetra      June  2022 5
Avinash Mishra 
 Madhubanti Dutta
India showcases rich heritage and natural abundance of many incredible places that are worthy enough to represent the 
nation globally. The sector has been instrumental in providing mass employment opportunities and substantially increasing 
income levels of both the formal and informal sectors of the economy. Professional training should be imparted to the 
eligible people with the aim of making them duly qualified and competent with the requisite professional skills so that they 
can take up jobs as heritage tour guides in the tourism industry. A certified guide license will further increase the credibility 
of a tourist guide in the eyes of the tourists, enhance the overall experience of tourists who visit the country, and generate 
employment opportunities in the tourism industry. 
Rural Tourism: India an Incredible Tourism Destination
ndia is one of the world's oldest 
civilisations which offers a kaleidoscope 
of cultural experiences. The country 
has a rich heritage and numerous 
attractions. It stretches from the snow-capped 
Himalayan peaks to the tropical rain forests of the 
south, covering 32,872,263 square kilometers
1
. It is 
the world's seventh-largest country, distinguished 
from the rest of Asia by mountains and the sea 
which gives the country a distinct geographical 
identity. It is a remarkable tourism destination that 
provides visitors with diverse experiences. India 
showcases a variety of heritage resources crafted 
hundreds of years ago, from huge heritage sites to 
pristine sea beaches in Andaman & Nicobar and 
Lakshadweep.
Tourism contributes to substantial economic, 
social, cultural, educational, and political 
development. The tourism industry generates 
both direct and indirect employment. With its 
rapid growth, new opportunities have increased, 
I
ranging from highly skilled and trained managers 
in high-end tourist hotels to semi-skilled workers. 
Tourism has become one of the most important 
economic sectors in countries like India, producing 
significant national income and creating high 
employment opportunities.
It has become the country's fastest-growing 
service industry with excellent potential for 
expansion and diversification.
Tourism- A Catalyst to Economic Growth
Under the Swadesh Darshan scheme, the 
Ministry of Tourism is developing thematic 
circuits in the country in a planned and prioritised 
manner. Under the scheme, 15 thematic circuits 
have been identified for development; namely, 
North-East Circuit, Buddhist Circuit, Himalayan 
Circuit, Coastal Circuit, Krishna Circuit, Desert 
Circuit, Tribal Circuit, Eco Circuit, Wildlife Circuit, 
Rural Circuit, Spiritual Circuit, Ramayana Circuit, 
Heritage Circuit, Sufi Circuit, and Tirthankara 
1
Indian Tourism Statistics, 2019
(City Palace-Jaipur)
Kurukshetra      June  2022 6
Circuit. The Ministry of Tourism has taken several 
steps to promote tourism in a sustainable way. It 
has launched the Swadesh Darshan and PRASHAD 
schemes to improve its tourism infrastructure. 
By collaborating with various Central Ministries/
Departments, State Governments, and Urban 
Local Bodies, 17 iconic sites in the country have 
been identified for development. 
It has also launched the "Adopt a Heritage-
Apni Dharohar Apni Pehchan" project, aiming to 
improve and maintain visitor facilities at heritage 
sites, monuments, and other tourist attractions. 
Another significant milestone was the provision 
of e-Visas for nationals of 170 countries in five 
subcategories i.e. Tourist visas, e-Business visas, 
e-Medical visas, e-Medical Attendant visas, and 
e-Conference visas
2
.
NITI Aayog has taken up the holistic 
development of a few identified islands in the 
country. The final Site Potential Development 
Report has been prepared for four islands in 
Andaman and Nicobar (A&N), namely Smith, 
Ross, Long, and Aves Islands; and five islands 
in Lakshadweep, namely Minicoy, Bangaram, 
Thinnakara, Cheriyam, and Suheli Islands. Tourism-
based projects have been identified in Long, Aves, 
Smith, and Neil Islands of A&N and Minicoy, 
Kadamat, and Suheli Islands of Lakshadweep. 
Development of Coastal Circuit (Long Island-Ross 
Smith Island- Neil Island- Havelock Island- Baratang 
Island-Port Blair) in Andaman and 
Nicobar under the Coastal thematic 
circuit of Swadesh Darshan Scheme is 
implemented for the development of 
island tourism in the country
3
.
Given Lakshadweep's enormous 
ecotourism and fisheries potential, 
India can become a role model for 
ecotourism and sustainable fisheries 
without jeopardising the fragile and 
sensitive biodiversity of the region. 
Various initiatives, such as undersea 
optical fiber connectivity, airport 
expansion, infrastructure upgrading, 
and a plan to build water villas on 
several islands, are examples of 
commendable efforts. Large-scale 
seaweed cultivation attempts to modernise the 
fisheries sector, and steps to increase production 
of organic coconut oil and coir are also being 
pursued
4
.
National parks form the cornerstone of 
biodiversity and are important for supporting 
ecosystems and the flora that live within them. 
National Parks provide a major boost to the Indian 
economy, with wildlife and nature-based tourism. 
In addition to the economic benefits, tourism 
has promoted cultural interaction between Indian 
citizens and people of other countries and fostered 
regional cooperation. The sector has also played a 
pivotal role in enhancing India's soft power. The 
travel and tourism Industry is one of the fastest-
growing industries globally, with a growth rate of 
3.5 percent vis-à-vis a global economic growth 
rate of 2.5 percent in 2019. The sector contributed 
around 10.4 percent to global GDP, generated 330 
million employees worldwide, and accounted for 
27.4 percent of global services exports. However, 
COVID-19 has had a detrimental impact on the travel 
industry worldwide, with the sector's contribution 
to global GDP and employment declining by 49 
percent and 19 percent, respectively
5
.
The tourism sector contributes immensely 
to foreign exchange reserves in the country and 
provides employment opportunities, both in the 
2
Ministry of Tourism, 03 FEB 2020, PIB Delhi
3
Ministry of Tourism, 07 JAN 2019, PIB Delhi
4
Vice President's Secretariat, 01 JAN 2022, PIB Delhi
5
Economic Impact Reports, World Travel & Tourism Council
(Taj Mahal)
Kurukshetra      June  2022 7
formal and informal sectors. In 2019, the sector 
accounted for 8.8 percent of the total employment, 
5.8 percent of the total exports, and 6.9 percent of 
GDP
6
. However, the sector now contributes only 4.7 
percent to GDP, 7.3 percent to total employment, 
and 2.5 percent to total exports
7
. The fact that 
the Services sector contributes 55 percent to the 
Indian economy, makes the tourism industry even 
more crucial for the country's overall economic 
growth.
Despite having a diverse culture and rich 
architectural heritage, India holds only a 1.2 
percent share of the international tourism market 
(2019) as against Spain (5.7 percent), the USA (5.4 
percent), China (4.5 percent), the UK (2.7 percent) 
and Thailand (2.7 percent)
8
. Countries like the UK 
and USA have only 34 and 24 World Heritage sites, 
respectively, but their foreign exchange earnings 
from Tourism are much higher than India, which 
has 40 World Heritage sites.
Against this backdrop, India must adopt 
innovative approaches to boost and promote 
different tourism segments such as niche tourism, 
wellness tourism, adventure tourism, and spiritual 
tourism. Given that India has been recognised as 
a destination for spiritual tourism for ages for 
both domestic and international tourists, we must 
unleash the potential of spiritual tourism. 
Importance of Tourism
In most places of the world, tourism is a 
significant source of economic growth. Several 
countries have revolutionised their economies by 
entirely utilising tourism's potential. Tourism has 
the potential to generate large-scale productive 
employment that is multifaceted in nature, 
ranging from highly skilled to semi-skilled. 
Tourism has grown and diversified over the 
decades to become one of the fastest-growing 
economic sectors. Contemporary tourism is 
intricately related to economic growth and socio-
economic development. Presently, tourism also 
has a commercial volume that rivals or exceeds oil 
exports, food items, and automobiles. Tourism has 
grown to be one of the essential participants in 
international trade and one of the primary sources 
of income for many developing countries. This 
expansion is accompanied by increased destination 
diversification and competitiveness. The tourism 
industry's growing importance as an economic 
engine and its potential as a development tool 
is undeniable. It not only drives growth, but also 
improves people's lives by generating large-scale 
employment in a variety of fields. It promotes a 
rich cultural legacy, environmental sustainability, 
and international peace.
In India, tourism has mostly been constrained 
to a few traditional cities and towns of historical, 
architectural, and cultural interest. Due to 
a lack of infrastructure and communication 
many magnificent sites remain unknown or 
underexplored. Almost every region in India has its 
own stunning locations that need to be developed 
and promoted for tourism.
This necessitates a holistic strategy and 
consistent policy execution across the country. 
Furthermore, we require planning and financial 
support from both the States and the Centre in 
order to develop all of these areas in a systematic 
manner. There arises the need to focus on rural 
tourism, which is the future of driving the tourism 
sector ahead.
A Special Focus on Rural Tourism
With the phenomenal rise of the tourism 
industry worldwide, the Government of India has 
implemented several policy initiatives to boost 
tourism. To make "Incredible India" an attractive 
tourist destination globally, new tourism goods 
and packages such as business tourism, health 
tourism, rural tourism, ecotourism, cultural 
tourism, pilgrimage tourism, adventure tourism, 
and sustainable tourism are being developed.
India's rural heartland is an unexplored 
treasure with its different lifestyles focusing on art 
and crafts, culture, and natural heritage. Over the 
past few decades, the country's tourism industry 
has grown exponentially, but rural tourism has 
never been given full attention. India's rural areas 
have a lot to offer to the rest of the world. Rural 
India, which is rich in arts, crafts, and culture, has 
the potential to become a tourist hotspot. If the 
concept of rural tourism is well-marketed, those in 
6
WTTC India Report 2021
7
WTTC India Report 2021
8
India Tourism Statistics at a Glance 2021