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Page 1 Molecular Basis of Inheritance Flash cards Page 2 Molecular Basis of Inheritance Flash cards Do you know what is DNA ? Page 3 Molecular Basis of Inheritance Flash cards Do you know what is DNA ? DNA is a long polymer of deoxyribonucleotides. The length of DNA is usually defined as number of nucleotides (or a pair of nucleotide referred to as base pairs) present in it. A Polynucleotide chain Page 4 Molecular Basis of Inheritance Flash cards Do you know what is DNA ? DNA is a long polymer of deoxyribonucleotides. The length of DNA is usually defined as number of nucleotides (or a pair of nucleotide referred to as base pairs) present in it. A Polynucleotide chain A nucleotide has three components –a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar (ribose in case of RNA, and deoxyribosefor DNA), and a phosphate group. There are two types of nitrogenous bases – Purines(Adenine and Guanine), and Pyrimidines(Cytosine, Uraciland Thymine) Page 5 Molecular Basis of Inheritance Flash cards Do you know what is DNA ? DNA is a long polymer of deoxyribonucleotides. The length of DNA is usually defined as number of nucleotides (or a pair of nucleotide referred to as base pairs) present in it. A Polynucleotide chain A nucleotide has three components –a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar (ribose in case of RNA, and deoxyribosefor DNA), and a phosphate group. There are two types of nitrogenous bases – Purines(Adenine and Guanine), and Pyrimidines(Cytosine, Uraciland Thymine) Cytosine is common for both DNA and RNA and Thymine is present in DNA. Uracil is present in RNA at the place of Thymine.Read More
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FAQs on Flashcards: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Biology Class 12 - NEET
| 1. What is the molecular basis of inheritance? |  |
Ans. The molecular basis of inheritance refers to the mechanism by which genetic information is passed from one generation to the next. It involves the transfer of genetic material in the form of DNA, which contains the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. This process ensures the continuity of traits and characteristics in offspring.
| 2. How does DNA play a role in the molecular basis of inheritance? | |
Ans. DNA plays a central role in the molecular basis of inheritance. It carries the genetic information in the form of genes, which are specific segments of DNA. During reproduction, DNA is replicated and passed on to the offspring. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins, which are responsible for the expression of traits and characteristics.
| 3. What is the significance of DNA replication in the molecular basis of inheritance? | |
Ans. DNA replication is a crucial process in the molecular basis of inheritance. It ensures that each new cell or organism receives a complete and accurate copy of the genetic information. During replication, the DNA molecule unwinds, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a complementary strand. This results in two identical DNA molecules, each containing one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.
| 4. How do mutations affect the molecular basis of inheritance? | |
Ans. Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence and can affect the molecular basis of inheritance. They can alter the genetic information carried by DNA, leading to changes in the expression of traits and characteristics. Some mutations may be harmful, causing genetic disorders or diseases. However, mutations can also introduce genetic variation, which is essential for evolution and adaptation to changing environments.
| 5. What is the role of proteins in the molecular basis of inheritance? | |
Ans. Proteins play a crucial role in the molecular basis of inheritance. They are responsible for carrying out most of the cellular functions, including the expression of genetic information. Proteins are synthesized based on the instructions encoded in DNA. They can act as enzymes, hormones, structural components, and transporters, among other functions. The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in DNA, making proteins an essential link between genotype and phenotype.
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