Equilibrium PPT Chemistry Class 11

 Page 1


Chemical Equilibrium
Page 2


Chemical Equilibrium
The branch of chemistry, which deals with the rate of chemical
reactions or the factors affecting the rate of reactions and the
mechanism of the reaction is calledchemicalkinetics.
Rate of a chemical reaction is the change in the concentration of
any one of the reactants or products per unit time.
It is expressed in mol L
-1
s
-1
or Ms-1 or atm time
-1
units.
Rate of reaction
= (decrease/increase in the concentration of reactant /product
/time taken)
This rate of reaction is known as average rate of reaction
(rav).(rav can be calculated by dividing the concentration
difference by the time interval).
Page 3


Chemical Equilibrium
The branch of chemistry, which deals with the rate of chemical
reactions or the factors affecting the rate of reactions and the
mechanism of the reaction is calledchemicalkinetics.
Rate of a chemical reaction is the change in the concentration of
any one of the reactants or products per unit time.
It is expressed in mol L
-1
s
-1
or Ms-1 or atm time
-1
units.
Rate of reaction
= (decrease/increase in the concentration of reactant /product
/time taken)
This rate of reaction is known as average rate of reaction
(rav).(rav can be calculated by dividing the concentration
difference by the time interval).
Reversible and Irreversible change
The reaction which can be reversed are termed as 
reversible reaction and the reaction which cannot 
be reversed are termed as irreversible reaction 
EQUILIBRIUM STATE
When rate of formation of a product in a process
is in competition with rate of formation of
reactants, the state is then named as “Equilibrium
state ” .
Equilibrium in physical processes:
solid ? liquid ? gas
H
2
O
(s )
? H
2
O
(l)
? H
2
O
(vap)
Page 4


Chemical Equilibrium
The branch of chemistry, which deals with the rate of chemical
reactions or the factors affecting the rate of reactions and the
mechanism of the reaction is calledchemicalkinetics.
Rate of a chemical reaction is the change in the concentration of
any one of the reactants or products per unit time.
It is expressed in mol L
-1
s
-1
or Ms-1 or atm time
-1
units.
Rate of reaction
= (decrease/increase in the concentration of reactant /product
/time taken)
This rate of reaction is known as average rate of reaction
(rav).(rav can be calculated by dividing the concentration
difference by the time interval).
Reversible and Irreversible change
The reaction which can be reversed are termed as 
reversible reaction and the reaction which cannot 
be reversed are termed as irreversible reaction 
EQUILIBRIUM STATE
When rate of formation of a product in a process
is in competition with rate of formation of
reactants, the state is then named as “Equilibrium
state ” .
Equilibrium in physical processes:
solid ? liquid ? gas
H
2
O
(s )
? H
2
O
(l)
? H
2
O
(vap)
Chemical equilibrium occurs when both the reactions
(forward and backward) are occurring at equal rates.
Page 5


Chemical Equilibrium
The branch of chemistry, which deals with the rate of chemical
reactions or the factors affecting the rate of reactions and the
mechanism of the reaction is calledchemicalkinetics.
Rate of a chemical reaction is the change in the concentration of
any one of the reactants or products per unit time.
It is expressed in mol L
-1
s
-1
or Ms-1 or atm time
-1
units.
Rate of reaction
= (decrease/increase in the concentration of reactant /product
/time taken)
This rate of reaction is known as average rate of reaction
(rav).(rav can be calculated by dividing the concentration
difference by the time interval).
Reversible and Irreversible change
The reaction which can be reversed are termed as 
reversible reaction and the reaction which cannot 
be reversed are termed as irreversible reaction 
EQUILIBRIUM STATE
When rate of formation of a product in a process
is in competition with rate of formation of
reactants, the state is then named as “Equilibrium
state ” .
Equilibrium in physical processes:
solid ? liquid ? gas
H
2
O
(s )
? H
2
O
(l)
? H
2
O
(vap)
Chemical equilibrium occurs when both the reactions
(forward and backward) are occurring at equal rates.
EQUILIBRIUM IN PHYSICAL PROCESS
Some of the phase processes of equilibrium are as follows:
•Solid-liquid equilibrium:
For example, ice and water are equilibrium at only one 
temperature is called NORMAL MELTING POINT.
•Liquid-gas equilibrium:
For example, rate of evaporation = rate of condensation
H
2
O(l) ? H
2
O(vap)
•Solid-gas equilibrium:
This process is also called as sublimation
e.g. sublimation of camphor