NEET Exam  >  NEET Notes  >  Physics Class 12  >  PPT: Atomic Nucleus

Atomic Nucleus PPT Physics Class 12

Download, print and study this document offline
Please wait while the PDF view is loading
 Page 1


ATOMIC NUCLEUS
1. Rutherford’s Alpha Scattering Experiment
2. Distance of Closest Approach (Nuclear Size)
3. Impact Parameter
4. Composition of Nucleus
5. Atomic Number, Mass Number and Atomic Mass Unit
6. Radius of the Nucleus and Nuclear Density
7. Mass Energy Relation and Mass Defect 
8. Binding Energy and Binding Energy per Nucleon
9. Binding Energy Curve and Inferences
10.Nuclear Forces and Meson Theory
11.Radioactivity and Soddy’s Displacement Law
12.Rutherford and Soddy’s Laws of Radioactive Decay
13.Radioactive Disintegration Constant and Half-Life Period
14.Units of Radioactivity
15.Nuclear Fission and Fusion
Page 2


ATOMIC NUCLEUS
1. Rutherford’s Alpha Scattering Experiment
2. Distance of Closest Approach (Nuclear Size)
3. Impact Parameter
4. Composition of Nucleus
5. Atomic Number, Mass Number and Atomic Mass Unit
6. Radius of the Nucleus and Nuclear Density
7. Mass Energy Relation and Mass Defect 
8. Binding Energy and Binding Energy per Nucleon
9. Binding Energy Curve and Inferences
10.Nuclear Forces and Meson Theory
11.Radioactivity and Soddy’s Displacement Law
12.Rutherford and Soddy’s Laws of Radioactive Decay
13.Radioactive Disintegration Constant and Half-Life Period
14.Units of Radioactivity
15.Nuclear Fission and Fusion
Rutherford’s Alpha Scattering Experiment
+
Lead Box
Bi-214 or 
Radon
a - Beam
Thin 
Gold Foil
ZnS Screen
Gold Atom
a - Beam
Scattering angle (?)
No. of a-particles 
scattered (N)
a
a
Page 3


ATOMIC NUCLEUS
1. Rutherford’s Alpha Scattering Experiment
2. Distance of Closest Approach (Nuclear Size)
3. Impact Parameter
4. Composition of Nucleus
5. Atomic Number, Mass Number and Atomic Mass Unit
6. Radius of the Nucleus and Nuclear Density
7. Mass Energy Relation and Mass Defect 
8. Binding Energy and Binding Energy per Nucleon
9. Binding Energy Curve and Inferences
10.Nuclear Forces and Meson Theory
11.Radioactivity and Soddy’s Displacement Law
12.Rutherford and Soddy’s Laws of Radioactive Decay
13.Radioactive Disintegration Constant and Half-Life Period
14.Units of Radioactivity
15.Nuclear Fission and Fusion
Rutherford’s Alpha Scattering Experiment
+
Lead Box
Bi-214 or 
Radon
a - Beam
Thin 
Gold Foil
ZnS Screen
Gold Atom
a - Beam
Scattering angle (?)
No. of a-particles 
scattered (N)
a
a
Alpha – particle is a nucleus of helium atom carrying a charge of ‘+2e’ and 
mass equal to 4 times that of hydrogen atom.  It travels with a speed nearly 
10
4 
m/s and is highly penetrating.
Rutherford 
Experiment
Geiger & 
Marsden 
Experiment
Source of          
a-particle
Radon
86
Rn
222
Bismuth
83
Bi
214
Speed of           
a-particle
10
4
m/s 1.6 x 10
7
m/s
Thickness of 
Gold foil
10
-6
m 2.1 x 10
-7
m
Page 4


ATOMIC NUCLEUS
1. Rutherford’s Alpha Scattering Experiment
2. Distance of Closest Approach (Nuclear Size)
3. Impact Parameter
4. Composition of Nucleus
5. Atomic Number, Mass Number and Atomic Mass Unit
6. Radius of the Nucleus and Nuclear Density
7. Mass Energy Relation and Mass Defect 
8. Binding Energy and Binding Energy per Nucleon
9. Binding Energy Curve and Inferences
10.Nuclear Forces and Meson Theory
11.Radioactivity and Soddy’s Displacement Law
12.Rutherford and Soddy’s Laws of Radioactive Decay
13.Radioactive Disintegration Constant and Half-Life Period
14.Units of Radioactivity
15.Nuclear Fission and Fusion
Rutherford’s Alpha Scattering Experiment
+
Lead Box
Bi-214 or 
Radon
a - Beam
Thin 
Gold Foil
ZnS Screen
Gold Atom
a - Beam
Scattering angle (?)
No. of a-particles 
scattered (N)
a
a
Alpha – particle is a nucleus of helium atom carrying a charge of ‘+2e’ and 
mass equal to 4 times that of hydrogen atom.  It travels with a speed nearly 
10
4 
m/s and is highly penetrating.
Rutherford 
Experiment
Geiger & 
Marsden 
Experiment
Source of          
a-particle
Radon
86
Rn
222
Bismuth
83
Bi
214
Speed of           
a-particle
10
4
m/s 1.6 x 10
7
m/s
Thickness of 
Gold foil
10
-6
m 2.1 x 10
-7
m
S. No. Observation Conclusion
1 Most of the a-particles passed 
straight through the gold foil.
It indicates that most of the space 
in an atom is empty.
2 Some of the a-particles were 
scattered by only small angles, 
of the order of a few degrees.
a-particles being +vely charged and 
heavy compared to electron could 
only be deflected by heavy and 
positive region in an atom.  It 
indicates that the positive charges 
and the most of the mass of the 
atom are concentrated at the centre 
called ‘nucleus’.
3 A few a-particles (1 in 9000) 
were deflected through large 
angles (even greater than 90°).
Some of them even retraced 
their path. i.e. angle of 
deflection was 180°.
a-particles which travel towards the 
nucleus directly get retarded due to 
Coulomb’s force of repulsion and 
ultimately comes to rest and then 
fly off in the opposite direction.
N(?) a
1
sin
4
(?/2)
Page 5


ATOMIC NUCLEUS
1. Rutherford’s Alpha Scattering Experiment
2. Distance of Closest Approach (Nuclear Size)
3. Impact Parameter
4. Composition of Nucleus
5. Atomic Number, Mass Number and Atomic Mass Unit
6. Radius of the Nucleus and Nuclear Density
7. Mass Energy Relation and Mass Defect 
8. Binding Energy and Binding Energy per Nucleon
9. Binding Energy Curve and Inferences
10.Nuclear Forces and Meson Theory
11.Radioactivity and Soddy’s Displacement Law
12.Rutherford and Soddy’s Laws of Radioactive Decay
13.Radioactive Disintegration Constant and Half-Life Period
14.Units of Radioactivity
15.Nuclear Fission and Fusion
Rutherford’s Alpha Scattering Experiment
+
Lead Box
Bi-214 or 
Radon
a - Beam
Thin 
Gold Foil
ZnS Screen
Gold Atom
a - Beam
Scattering angle (?)
No. of a-particles 
scattered (N)
a
a
Alpha – particle is a nucleus of helium atom carrying a charge of ‘+2e’ and 
mass equal to 4 times that of hydrogen atom.  It travels with a speed nearly 
10
4 
m/s and is highly penetrating.
Rutherford 
Experiment
Geiger & 
Marsden 
Experiment
Source of          
a-particle
Radon
86
Rn
222
Bismuth
83
Bi
214
Speed of           
a-particle
10
4
m/s 1.6 x 10
7
m/s
Thickness of 
Gold foil
10
-6
m 2.1 x 10
-7
m
S. No. Observation Conclusion
1 Most of the a-particles passed 
straight through the gold foil.
It indicates that most of the space 
in an atom is empty.
2 Some of the a-particles were 
scattered by only small angles, 
of the order of a few degrees.
a-particles being +vely charged and 
heavy compared to electron could 
only be deflected by heavy and 
positive region in an atom.  It 
indicates that the positive charges 
and the most of the mass of the 
atom are concentrated at the centre 
called ‘nucleus’.
3 A few a-particles (1 in 9000) 
were deflected through large 
angles (even greater than 90°).
Some of them even retraced 
their path. i.e. angle of 
deflection was 180°.
a-particles which travel towards the 
nucleus directly get retarded due to 
Coulomb’s force of repulsion and 
ultimately comes to rest and then 
fly off in the opposite direction.
N(?) a
1
sin
4
(?/2)
Distance of Closest Approach (Nuclear size):
+
r
0
When the distance between a-particle 
and the nucleus is equal to the distance 
of the closest approach (r
0
), the a-particle 
comes to rest.
At this point or distance, the kinetic 
energy of a-particle is completely 
converted into electric potential energy 
of the system.
½ mu
2
=
1
4pe
0
2 Ze
2
r
0
r
0 
=
1
4pe
0
2 Ze
2
½ mu
2
Read More
105 videos|425 docs|114 tests

Top Courses for NEET

FAQs on Atomic Nucleus PPT Physics Class 12

1. What is the atomic nucleus?
Ans. The atomic nucleus is the central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons. It is surrounded by electrons, which orbit around the nucleus.
2. How is the atomic nucleus formed?
Ans. The atomic nucleus is formed during a process called nuclear fusion. This occurs when two or more atomic nuclei collide and combine to form a larger nucleus, releasing a significant amount of energy in the process.
3. What is the role of protons in the atomic nucleus?
Ans. Protons are positively charged particles found in the atomic nucleus. They play a crucial role in determining the element and atomic number of an atom. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus determines its unique chemical properties.
4. Can the number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus change?
Ans. Yes, the number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus can vary. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. These isotopes can have different physical properties but will still have the same number of protons.
5. How is the stability of the atomic nucleus maintained?
Ans. The stability of the atomic nucleus is maintained by the strong nuclear force. This force is responsible for holding the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus despite their mutual electrostatic repulsion. The balance between the strong nuclear force and electrostatic repulsion determines the stability of the nucleus.
105 videos|425 docs|114 tests
Download as PDF
Explore Courses for NEET exam

Top Courses for NEET

Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
10M+ students study on EduRev
Related Searches

Atomic Nucleus PPT Physics Class 12

,

Objective type Questions

,

Viva Questions

,

study material

,

Previous Year Questions with Solutions

,

practice quizzes

,

pdf

,

Extra Questions

,

Atomic Nucleus PPT Physics Class 12

,

ppt

,

mock tests for examination

,

Semester Notes

,

Exam

,

Atomic Nucleus PPT Physics Class 12

,

MCQs

,

Free

,

Summary

,

shortcuts and tricks

,

past year papers

,

Sample Paper

,

video lectures

,

Important questions

;