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PPT: Microbes in Human Welfare
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FAQs on PPT: Microbes in Human Welfare
| 1. What are the main types of microbes used in human welfare and how do they help us? |  |
Ans. Microbes benefit humans through bacteria (producing antibiotics and yoghurt), fungi (bread-making and medicines), protozoa (decomposition), and viruses (gene therapy). Bacteria ferment foods, synthesise vitamins, and treat sewage. Fungi produce penicillin and other antibiotics essential for fighting infections. These microorganisms are fundamental to food production, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and waste management in daily life.
| 2. How do microbes help in food production and fermentation processes? | |
Ans. Microbes like Lactobacillus ferment milk into yoghurt, cheese, and buttermilk by converting lactose into lactic acid. Yeast ferments dough for bread-making and produces alcohol in beverages. Acetobacter converts alcohol into acetic acid for vinegar production. These fermentation processes preserve food, enhance flavour, and improve digestibility whilst adding nutritional value through microbial metabolism.
| 3. Which microbes are used to produce antibiotics and how do they work in treating infections? | |
Ans. Penicillium and Streptomyces bacteria produce antibiotics like penicillin and streptomycin respectively. These antimicrobial compounds inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis or protein production, killing pathogenic microorganisms without harming human cells. Antibiotic-producing microbes are cultured industrially through fermentation techniques to manufacture life-saving medicines for treating bacterial infections and diseases.
| 4. What is the role of microbes in wastewater treatment and sewage management? | |
Ans. Microbes decompose organic matter in sewage through aerobic and anaerobic digestion processes. Bacteria break down pollutants, whilst fungi assist in nutrient cycling. Activated sludge contains mixed microbial populations that oxidise harmful compounds into harmless byproducts. This biological treatment method is cost-effective and environmentally sustainable for managing waste water in municipal treatment plants.
| 5. How are microbes used in biofertilisers and improving soil health for agriculture? | |
Ans. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Rhizobium form symbiotic relationships with legume roots, converting atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms. Azotobacter and Azospirillum enhance soil fertility independently. Phosphate-solubilising microbes release locked phosphorus for plant uptake. These biofertilisers reduce chemical fertiliser dependency, improve crop yield, and maintain sustainable agricultural practices whilst promoting soil microbial biodiversity.
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