Biotechnology - Principle & Processes PPT Biology Class 12

 Page 1


Biotechnology - 
Principles and 
Processes
Explore the fascinating world of biotechnology, from 
ancient fermentation to cutting-edge genetic 
engineering.
Page 2


Biotechnology - 
Principles and 
Processes
Explore the fascinating world of biotechnology, from 
ancient fermentation to cutting-edge genetic 
engineering.
Principles of 
Biotechnology
Definition
Biotechnology deals with 
techniques of using live 
organisms or enzymes from 
organisms to produce 
products and processes 
useful to humans.
Evolution
From ancient fermentation 
to modern DNA technology 
and genetic engineering.
Modern Focus
Emphasizes GMOs and molecular techniques for industrial-scale 
production.
Page 3


Biotechnology - 
Principles and 
Processes
Explore the fascinating world of biotechnology, from 
ancient fermentation to cutting-edge genetic 
engineering.
Principles of 
Biotechnology
Definition
Biotechnology deals with 
techniques of using live 
organisms or enzymes from 
organisms to produce 
products and processes 
useful to humans.
Evolution
From ancient fermentation 
to modern DNA technology 
and genetic engineering.
Modern Focus
Emphasizes GMOs and molecular techniques for industrial-scale 
production.
EFB
European 
Federation of 
Biotechnology 
(EFB)
Provides a modern, 
traditional definition 
of biotechnology.
Definition given 
by EFB
The integration of 
natural science and 
organisms, cells, parts 
thereof, and molecular 
analogues for 
products and services9
Practical Applications
Emphasizes both scientific foundation and practical 
utility.
Page 4


Biotechnology - 
Principles and 
Processes
Explore the fascinating world of biotechnology, from 
ancient fermentation to cutting-edge genetic 
engineering.
Principles of 
Biotechnology
Definition
Biotechnology deals with 
techniques of using live 
organisms or enzymes from 
organisms to produce 
products and processes 
useful to humans.
Evolution
From ancient fermentation 
to modern DNA technology 
and genetic engineering.
Modern Focus
Emphasizes GMOs and molecular techniques for industrial-scale 
production.
EFB
European 
Federation of 
Biotechnology 
(EFB)
Provides a modern, 
traditional definition 
of biotechnology.
Definition given 
by EFB
The integration of 
natural science and 
organisms, cells, parts 
thereof, and molecular 
analogues for 
products and services9
Practical Applications
Emphasizes both scientific foundation and practical 
utility.
Principles of Biotechnology
1. Genetic Engineering
Direct manipulation of DNA and RNA to alter 
genetic structure.
Add, remove, or modify genes
Create desired phenotypic changes
Increase crop yields
Produce therapeutic proteins
2. Bioprocess Engineering
Controlled handling of biological systems 
during production.
Contamination-free environments
Growth in bioreactors
Mass production of vaccines
Production of antibiotics and enzymes
Page 5


Biotechnology - 
Principles and 
Processes
Explore the fascinating world of biotechnology, from 
ancient fermentation to cutting-edge genetic 
engineering.
Principles of 
Biotechnology
Definition
Biotechnology deals with 
techniques of using live 
organisms or enzymes from 
organisms to produce 
products and processes 
useful to humans.
Evolution
From ancient fermentation 
to modern DNA technology 
and genetic engineering.
Modern Focus
Emphasizes GMOs and molecular techniques for industrial-scale 
production.
EFB
European 
Federation of 
Biotechnology 
(EFB)
Provides a modern, 
traditional definition 
of biotechnology.
Definition given 
by EFB
The integration of 
natural science and 
organisms, cells, parts 
thereof, and molecular 
analogues for 
products and services9
Practical Applications
Emphasizes both scientific foundation and practical 
utility.
Principles of Biotechnology
1. Genetic Engineering
Direct manipulation of DNA and RNA to alter 
genetic structure.
Add, remove, or modify genes
Create desired phenotypic changes
Increase crop yields
Produce therapeutic proteins
2. Bioprocess Engineering
Controlled handling of biological systems 
during production.
Contamination-free environments
Growth in bioreactors
Mass production of vaccines
Production of antibiotics and enzymes
Conceptual Development of the Principles of 
Genetic Engineering
Advantages of Sexual Reproduction over 
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction: Produces genetic 
variation. Leads to unique genetic 
combinations, some beneficial for survival.
Asexual reproduction: Preserves genetic 
uniformity (no variation).
Traditional hybridisation procedures used in 
plant and animal breeding, very often lead to 
inclusion and multiplication of undesirable 
genes along with the desired genes.
Genetic Engineering Techniques
Recombinant DNA technology
Gene cloning
Gene transfer