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36
uoacj 2022
g
j le; ds HkkX; dks r; djus okyk ,d cqfu;knh rRo gksrk 
gSA tSls tc euq"; dks vUu mitkus dh 'kfä Kkr gqbZ 
rks mlds ckn ,d iwjh lH;rk bl 'kfä ds vklikl fodflr 
gqbZA blh çdkj dHkh m|ksx vkSj e'khuksa us lewph ekuo tkfr 
dh fu;fr dks r; fd;kA ;gh ckr vc foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh 
ds fy, dgh tk ldrh gS D;ksafd ;g fodkl ds lHkh vk;keksa 
dks r; djus esa l{ke gSA pkgs oks jk"Vªh; lqj{kk dk ekeyk gks 
;k thou ls tqM+s {ks=] lc foKku ,oa rduhd ls fu/kkZfjr gks 
jgs gSaA blfy, tgk¡ çxfr dh O;kfIr de gS] ogk¡ foKku dh 
foKku vkSj rduhd ls cnyrh x‚aoksa dh rLohj
vko';drk mruh gh vf/kd gSA t+kfgj&lh ckr gS fd xzkeh.k 
Hkkjr dk HkkX; fu/kkZjd Hkh ;gh cqfu;knh rRo gSA
D;ksa vko';d gS çkS|ksfxdh\
oLrqr% Hkkjr tSls fo'kky vkSj fofo/kh—r ns'k esa tgk¡ 
vFkZO;oLFkk dh jh<+ le>s tkus okyh —f"k ekulwuh vfuf'prrkvksa 
vkSj ckt+kjoknh tksf[keksa ds v/khu jgh gks] tgk¡ vf/kla[; xzkeh.k 
rcdk foÙkh; fuj{kjrk vkSj rduhdh fiNM+siu ls xzflr jgk 
gks] tgk¡ LokLF; lsokvksa dh miyC/krk vkSj LoPNrk dk Lrj 
dkQh fuEu jgk gks] ogk¡ fodkl laca/kh pqukSfr;ksa dh tfVyrk 
µ lUuh dqekj 
vfHkuo Hkkjr
Hkkjr ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds laca/k esa tc ge foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dh ckr djrs gSa rks ge buls oSlk laca/k ugha 
tksM+ ikrs gSa tSlk ,d 'kgjh vkSj fodflr v/kkslajpuk okys {ks=ksa lsA fdarq tc ge tSfod [ksrh] v{k; ÅtkZ] 
ck;ksVsDuksy‚th vkSj VsyhesfMflu vkfn dh ckrsa djrs gSa] rc ;g laca/k dkQh Li"V gksdj gekjs lkeus mHkjrk 
gSA —f"k ds {ks= esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk fcYdqy Li"V gS fdarq ckr ;fn LokLF; lsokvksa dh djsa rks 
;g ,d ,slk {ks= gS ftlesa vk/kqfud foKku ,oa rduhd viuh egrh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs gSaA vkt xzkeh.k Hkkjr 
dks rduhd ls tksM+uk ,d t+:jh igy gS] vkSj bl rduhd ds ek/;e ls fodkl dh ubZ dgkuh fy[kuk bldh 
rkfdZd ifj.kfrA dsaæ ljdkj bl ckr dks vPNs ls le> jgh gS vkSj bl ij vey Hkh dj jgh gSA 
Page 2


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uoacj 2022
g
j le; ds HkkX; dks r; djus okyk ,d cqfu;knh rRo gksrk 
gSA tSls tc euq"; dks vUu mitkus dh 'kfä Kkr gqbZ 
rks mlds ckn ,d iwjh lH;rk bl 'kfä ds vklikl fodflr 
gqbZA blh çdkj dHkh m|ksx vkSj e'khuksa us lewph ekuo tkfr 
dh fu;fr dks r; fd;kA ;gh ckr vc foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh 
ds fy, dgh tk ldrh gS D;ksafd ;g fodkl ds lHkh vk;keksa 
dks r; djus esa l{ke gSA pkgs oks jk"Vªh; lqj{kk dk ekeyk gks 
;k thou ls tqM+s {ks=] lc foKku ,oa rduhd ls fu/kkZfjr gks 
jgs gSaA blfy, tgk¡ çxfr dh O;kfIr de gS] ogk¡ foKku dh 
foKku vkSj rduhd ls cnyrh x‚aoksa dh rLohj
vko';drk mruh gh vf/kd gSA t+kfgj&lh ckr gS fd xzkeh.k 
Hkkjr dk HkkX; fu/kkZjd Hkh ;gh cqfu;knh rRo gSA
D;ksa vko';d gS çkS|ksfxdh\
oLrqr% Hkkjr tSls fo'kky vkSj fofo/kh—r ns'k esa tgk¡ 
vFkZO;oLFkk dh jh<+ le>s tkus okyh —f"k ekulwuh vfuf'prrkvksa 
vkSj ckt+kjoknh tksf[keksa ds v/khu jgh gks] tgk¡ vf/kla[; xzkeh.k 
rcdk foÙkh; fuj{kjrk vkSj rduhdh fiNM+siu ls xzflr jgk 
gks] tgk¡ LokLF; lsokvksa dh miyC/krk vkSj LoPNrk dk Lrj 
dkQh fuEu jgk gks] ogk¡ fodkl laca/kh pqukSfr;ksa dh tfVyrk 
µ lUuh dqekj 
vfHkuo Hkkjr
Hkkjr ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds laca/k esa tc ge foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dh ckr djrs gSa rks ge buls oSlk laca/k ugha 
tksM+ ikrs gSa tSlk ,d 'kgjh vkSj fodflr v/kkslajpuk okys {ks=ksa lsA fdarq tc ge tSfod [ksrh] v{k; ÅtkZ] 
ck;ksVsDuksy‚th vkSj VsyhesfMflu vkfn dh ckrsa djrs gSa] rc ;g laca/k dkQh Li"V gksdj gekjs lkeus mHkjrk 
gSA —f"k ds {ks= esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk fcYdqy Li"V gS fdarq ckr ;fn LokLF; lsokvksa dh djsa rks 
;g ,d ,slk {ks= gS ftlesa vk/kqfud foKku ,oa rduhd viuh egrh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs gSaA vkt xzkeh.k Hkkjr 
dks rduhd ls tksM+uk ,d t+:jh igy gS] vkSj bl rduhd ds ek/;e ls fodkl dh ubZ dgkuh fy[kuk bldh 
rkfdZd ifj.kfrA dsaæ ljdkj bl ckr dks vPNs ls le> jgh gS vkSj bl ij vey Hkh dj jgh gSA 
37
uoacj 2022
dk vuqeku lgt gh yxk;k tk ldrk gSA vkt+knh ds ckn ls 
gh Hkkjr bu pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus ds fy, fofHkUu rjhdksa vkSj 
ek/;eksa dk lgkjk ysrk jgk gS vkSj dqN gn rd blesa lQy 
Hkh jgk gSA fdarq oS'ohdj.k vkSj lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ds bl ;qx esa 
os ijEijkxr i)fr;k¡ vkSj iqjkus rjhds bfPNr ifj.kke ugha ns 
ik jgs gSa vkSj blfy, t+:jh gS fd ge mu phtksa dks viuk,¡ 
tks vkt dh t+:jr gSa vkSj ftu ij Hkkjr dk lqugjk Hkfo"; 
fuHkZj djrk gSA 
dgus dh vko';drk ugha fd ge xzkeh.k Hkkjr esa lwpuk 
vkSj lapkj çkS|ksfxdh ds leqUur mi;ksx dh ckr dj jgs gSaA 
bu rduhdksa dk ç;ksx vkt xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa —f"k] LokLF;] 
f'k{kk vkSj LoPNrk vkfn dbZ {ks=ksa esa cqfu;knh vkSj vHkwriwoZ 
ifjorZu yk jgk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, tSlkfd ge tkurs gSa fd 
vkuqokaf'kd :i ls laof/kZr Qlyksa ds mRiknu ls U;wu mRiknu 
dh leL;k dk lek/kku fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj bl rjhds ds 
ç;kl u dsoy —f"k iSnkokj dh mRikndrk dks c<+k jgs gSa cfYd 
Qlyksa ds O;kolk;hdj.k] fofo/khdj.k vkSj ewY;oèkZu vkfn ds  
}kjk bls ykHkksUeq[kh Hkh cukus esa ennxkj gSa fdarq tc rd blds 
LoLFk o lqjf{kr mi;ksx ls lacaf/kr vk¡dM+s Li"V ugha gks tkrs 
rc rd ge bls [kk| Qlyksa ij ykxw ugha dj ldrs vkSj bUgh 
vk¡dM+ksa ds fo'ys"k.k esa fMftVy çkS|ksfxdh viuh vge~ Hkwfedk 
vnk djrh gSa vkSj dj ldrh gSA ;g dsoy ,d mnkgj.k ek= 
gSA blds vfrfjä] tyok;q vk/kkfjr Qly i)fr viukus ls 
ysdj daI;wVjh—r Hkwfe fjd‚MZ j[kus tSls dbZ ,sls igyw gSa ftuesa 
rduhd viuh vuU; Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gS@ldrh gSA 
vkt+knh ds ckn foKku&izkS|ksfxdh dh fn'kk
vkt+knh ds ckn ls gh xzkeh.k Hkkjr ds fy, ,d Bksl foKku 
uhfr cuuh 'kq: gks xbZ FkhA vxj lexz :i ls bls le>us dk 
ç;kl djsa rks çeq[k uhfr;ksa vkSj iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa dks ns[kuk 
Js;Ldj gksxk D;ksafd varr% bUgha ds ek/;e ls ns'k ds fodkl 
dks xfr nh tk jgh FkhA bl laca/k esa eq[;r% pkj uhfr;ksa & 
^lkbafVfQd i‚fylh fjt+ksY;w'ku^ ¼1958½] ^VsDuksy‚th i‚fylh 
LVsVesaV^ ¼1983½] ^lkbal ,aM VsDuksy‚th i‚fylh^ ¼2003½ vkSj 
^lkbal ,aM VsDuksy‚th i‚fylh^ ¼2013½ dh ppkZ i;kZIr gksxhA 
blds ckn ds fodklØe dh ppkZ vkxs Øe'k% {ks=okj dh xbZA 
pw¡fd 1958 dh uhfr vkt+knh ds rqjar ckn vkbZ Fkh rks bldk 
eq[; t+ksj {kerk fuekZ.k vkSj lS)kafrd o O;kogkfjd foKku 
ds fodkl ij FkkA lkFk gh] ns'k dh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ esa 
foKku dh Hkwfedk dks lqfuf'pr djuk Hkh Fkk] blfy, ,d vksj 
tgk¡ blds ek/;e ls lqj{kk t+:jrksa dks lk/kus dh dksf'k'k dh 
xbZ ogha xzkeh.k Hkkjr ds mRFkku ds fy, —f"k fodkl ij t+ksj 
fn;k x;kA blds vykok] ukxfjdksa dks oSKkfud <ax ls fopkj 
dj ldus dh {kerk dk fodkl djuk bl i‚fylh dk mís'; 
Fkk rkfd oks thou ds fofo/k {ks=ksa esa mUufr dj ldsaA /;ku 
j[kus ;ksX; ckr gS fd ;g ogh le; gS tc ns'k esa lkeqnkf;d 
fodkl dk;ZØe ¼CDP½ lapkfyr gks jgk FkkA njvly] blds 
ek/;e ls xk¡oksa ds ,d lewg dks pqudj ogk¡ rduhdh volajpuk 
dk fodkl fd;k tk jgk Fkk vkSj leqnk; dks ^vkRefuHkZj^ <ax 
ls fodkl ds fy, çksRlkfgr fd;k tk jgk FkkA blesa lapkj 
ds lkèkuksa ds fodkl ds lkFk xzkeh.k LokLF; vkSj LoPNrk 
ds fodkl ij cy fn;k tk jgk FkkA blds vykok] —f"k ds 
vkèkqfudhdj.k vkSj dqVhj m|ksxksa dks c<+kok nsuk bl dk;ZØe 
ds eq[; mís'; FksA dgus dk Hkko gS fd 1950 ds n'kd esa 'kq: 
gq, bl dk;ZØe ds ek/;e ls xzkeh.k fodkl dh cqfu;kn Mkyh 
tk pqdh FkhA
vc nwljh foKku uhfr dh ckr djsa rks ;g rc vkbZ tc 
çkS|ksfxdh dk Lo:i dkQh cny pqdk Fkk vkSj ;g thou ds 
fofo/k {ks=ksa esa çR;{k gks jgh FkhA lapkj ls ysdj euksjatu 
rd u, rduhdh cnyko rks gks gh jgs Fks( lkFk gh] ns'k ,d 
^Økafrdkjh gfjr cnyko^ dk lk{kh gks pqdk FkkA ,sls esa bl uhfr 
dk eq[; t+ksj rduhdh fodkl ds ek/;e ls yksxksa dh vkdka{kk 
iwfrZ ij FkkA blesa LFkkuh; lalk/kuksa ds vuqdwyre mi;ksx vkSj 
lwpuk] bysDVª‚fuDl vkSj tSo&VsDuksy‚th dks et+cwr djus ij 
Page 3


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uoacj 2022
g
j le; ds HkkX; dks r; djus okyk ,d cqfu;knh rRo gksrk 
gSA tSls tc euq"; dks vUu mitkus dh 'kfä Kkr gqbZ 
rks mlds ckn ,d iwjh lH;rk bl 'kfä ds vklikl fodflr 
gqbZA blh çdkj dHkh m|ksx vkSj e'khuksa us lewph ekuo tkfr 
dh fu;fr dks r; fd;kA ;gh ckr vc foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh 
ds fy, dgh tk ldrh gS D;ksafd ;g fodkl ds lHkh vk;keksa 
dks r; djus esa l{ke gSA pkgs oks jk"Vªh; lqj{kk dk ekeyk gks 
;k thou ls tqM+s {ks=] lc foKku ,oa rduhd ls fu/kkZfjr gks 
jgs gSaA blfy, tgk¡ çxfr dh O;kfIr de gS] ogk¡ foKku dh 
foKku vkSj rduhd ls cnyrh x‚aoksa dh rLohj
vko';drk mruh gh vf/kd gSA t+kfgj&lh ckr gS fd xzkeh.k 
Hkkjr dk HkkX; fu/kkZjd Hkh ;gh cqfu;knh rRo gSA
D;ksa vko';d gS çkS|ksfxdh\
oLrqr% Hkkjr tSls fo'kky vkSj fofo/kh—r ns'k esa tgk¡ 
vFkZO;oLFkk dh jh<+ le>s tkus okyh —f"k ekulwuh vfuf'prrkvksa 
vkSj ckt+kjoknh tksf[keksa ds v/khu jgh gks] tgk¡ vf/kla[; xzkeh.k 
rcdk foÙkh; fuj{kjrk vkSj rduhdh fiNM+siu ls xzflr jgk 
gks] tgk¡ LokLF; lsokvksa dh miyC/krk vkSj LoPNrk dk Lrj 
dkQh fuEu jgk gks] ogk¡ fodkl laca/kh pqukSfr;ksa dh tfVyrk 
µ lUuh dqekj 
vfHkuo Hkkjr
Hkkjr ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds laca/k esa tc ge foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dh ckr djrs gSa rks ge buls oSlk laca/k ugha 
tksM+ ikrs gSa tSlk ,d 'kgjh vkSj fodflr v/kkslajpuk okys {ks=ksa lsA fdarq tc ge tSfod [ksrh] v{k; ÅtkZ] 
ck;ksVsDuksy‚th vkSj VsyhesfMflu vkfn dh ckrsa djrs gSa] rc ;g laca/k dkQh Li"V gksdj gekjs lkeus mHkjrk 
gSA —f"k ds {ks= esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk fcYdqy Li"V gS fdarq ckr ;fn LokLF; lsokvksa dh djsa rks 
;g ,d ,slk {ks= gS ftlesa vk/kqfud foKku ,oa rduhd viuh egrh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs gSaA vkt xzkeh.k Hkkjr 
dks rduhd ls tksM+uk ,d t+:jh igy gS] vkSj bl rduhd ds ek/;e ls fodkl dh ubZ dgkuh fy[kuk bldh 
rkfdZd ifj.kfrA dsaæ ljdkj bl ckr dks vPNs ls le> jgh gS vkSj bl ij vey Hkh dj jgh gSA 
37
uoacj 2022
dk vuqeku lgt gh yxk;k tk ldrk gSA vkt+knh ds ckn ls 
gh Hkkjr bu pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus ds fy, fofHkUu rjhdksa vkSj 
ek/;eksa dk lgkjk ysrk jgk gS vkSj dqN gn rd blesa lQy 
Hkh jgk gSA fdarq oS'ohdj.k vkSj lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ds bl ;qx esa 
os ijEijkxr i)fr;k¡ vkSj iqjkus rjhds bfPNr ifj.kke ugha ns 
ik jgs gSa vkSj blfy, t+:jh gS fd ge mu phtksa dks viuk,¡ 
tks vkt dh t+:jr gSa vkSj ftu ij Hkkjr dk lqugjk Hkfo"; 
fuHkZj djrk gSA 
dgus dh vko';drk ugha fd ge xzkeh.k Hkkjr esa lwpuk 
vkSj lapkj çkS|ksfxdh ds leqUur mi;ksx dh ckr dj jgs gSaA 
bu rduhdksa dk ç;ksx vkt xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa —f"k] LokLF;] 
f'k{kk vkSj LoPNrk vkfn dbZ {ks=ksa esa cqfu;knh vkSj vHkwriwoZ 
ifjorZu yk jgk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, tSlkfd ge tkurs gSa fd 
vkuqokaf'kd :i ls laof/kZr Qlyksa ds mRiknu ls U;wu mRiknu 
dh leL;k dk lek/kku fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj bl rjhds ds 
ç;kl u dsoy —f"k iSnkokj dh mRikndrk dks c<+k jgs gSa cfYd 
Qlyksa ds O;kolk;hdj.k] fofo/khdj.k vkSj ewY;oèkZu vkfn ds  
}kjk bls ykHkksUeq[kh Hkh cukus esa ennxkj gSa fdarq tc rd blds 
LoLFk o lqjf{kr mi;ksx ls lacaf/kr vk¡dM+s Li"V ugha gks tkrs 
rc rd ge bls [kk| Qlyksa ij ykxw ugha dj ldrs vkSj bUgh 
vk¡dM+ksa ds fo'ys"k.k esa fMftVy çkS|ksfxdh viuh vge~ Hkwfedk 
vnk djrh gSa vkSj dj ldrh gSA ;g dsoy ,d mnkgj.k ek= 
gSA blds vfrfjä] tyok;q vk/kkfjr Qly i)fr viukus ls 
ysdj daI;wVjh—r Hkwfe fjd‚MZ j[kus tSls dbZ ,sls igyw gSa ftuesa 
rduhd viuh vuU; Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gS@ldrh gSA 
vkt+knh ds ckn foKku&izkS|ksfxdh dh fn'kk
vkt+knh ds ckn ls gh xzkeh.k Hkkjr ds fy, ,d Bksl foKku 
uhfr cuuh 'kq: gks xbZ FkhA vxj lexz :i ls bls le>us dk 
ç;kl djsa rks çeq[k uhfr;ksa vkSj iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa dks ns[kuk 
Js;Ldj gksxk D;ksafd varr% bUgha ds ek/;e ls ns'k ds fodkl 
dks xfr nh tk jgh FkhA bl laca/k esa eq[;r% pkj uhfr;ksa & 
^lkbafVfQd i‚fylh fjt+ksY;w'ku^ ¼1958½] ^VsDuksy‚th i‚fylh 
LVsVesaV^ ¼1983½] ^lkbal ,aM VsDuksy‚th i‚fylh^ ¼2003½ vkSj 
^lkbal ,aM VsDuksy‚th i‚fylh^ ¼2013½ dh ppkZ i;kZIr gksxhA 
blds ckn ds fodklØe dh ppkZ vkxs Øe'k% {ks=okj dh xbZA 
pw¡fd 1958 dh uhfr vkt+knh ds rqjar ckn vkbZ Fkh rks bldk 
eq[; t+ksj {kerk fuekZ.k vkSj lS)kafrd o O;kogkfjd foKku 
ds fodkl ij FkkA lkFk gh] ns'k dh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ esa 
foKku dh Hkwfedk dks lqfuf'pr djuk Hkh Fkk] blfy, ,d vksj 
tgk¡ blds ek/;e ls lqj{kk t+:jrksa dks lk/kus dh dksf'k'k dh 
xbZ ogha xzkeh.k Hkkjr ds mRFkku ds fy, —f"k fodkl ij t+ksj 
fn;k x;kA blds vykok] ukxfjdksa dks oSKkfud <ax ls fopkj 
dj ldus dh {kerk dk fodkl djuk bl i‚fylh dk mís'; 
Fkk rkfd oks thou ds fofo/k {ks=ksa esa mUufr dj ldsaA /;ku 
j[kus ;ksX; ckr gS fd ;g ogh le; gS tc ns'k esa lkeqnkf;d 
fodkl dk;ZØe ¼CDP½ lapkfyr gks jgk FkkA njvly] blds 
ek/;e ls xk¡oksa ds ,d lewg dks pqudj ogk¡ rduhdh volajpuk 
dk fodkl fd;k tk jgk Fkk vkSj leqnk; dks ^vkRefuHkZj^ <ax 
ls fodkl ds fy, çksRlkfgr fd;k tk jgk FkkA blesa lapkj 
ds lkèkuksa ds fodkl ds lkFk xzkeh.k LokLF; vkSj LoPNrk 
ds fodkl ij cy fn;k tk jgk FkkA blds vykok] —f"k ds 
vkèkqfudhdj.k vkSj dqVhj m|ksxksa dks c<+kok nsuk bl dk;ZØe 
ds eq[; mís'; FksA dgus dk Hkko gS fd 1950 ds n'kd esa 'kq: 
gq, bl dk;ZØe ds ek/;e ls xzkeh.k fodkl dh cqfu;kn Mkyh 
tk pqdh FkhA
vc nwljh foKku uhfr dh ckr djsa rks ;g rc vkbZ tc 
çkS|ksfxdh dk Lo:i dkQh cny pqdk Fkk vkSj ;g thou ds 
fofo/k {ks=ksa esa çR;{k gks jgh FkhA lapkj ls ysdj euksjatu 
rd u, rduhdh cnyko rks gks gh jgs Fks( lkFk gh] ns'k ,d 
^Økafrdkjh gfjr cnyko^ dk lk{kh gks pqdk FkkA ,sls esa bl uhfr 
dk eq[; t+ksj rduhdh fodkl ds ek/;e ls yksxksa dh vkdka{kk 
iwfrZ ij FkkA blesa LFkkuh; lalk/kuksa ds vuqdwyre mi;ksx vkSj 
lwpuk] bysDVª‚fuDl vkSj tSo&VsDuksy‚th dks et+cwr djus ij 
38
uoacj 2022
Qksdl fd;k x;kA blds ckn 2003 vkSj 2013 dh uhfr;ksa 
ds eq[; /;s; dh ckr djsa rks ;s Øe'k% {kerkvksa ds dq'kyre 
mi;ksx vkSj buksos'ku ij dsafær gks x,A
blds ckn iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa dks ns[ksa rks ,slh igyh 
;kstuk esa ewy :i ls cqfu;knh rduhdh lqfo/kkvksa ds fodkl] 
ç;ksx'kkykvksa vkSj ,sls dsaæksa ds fodkl ij vf/kd cy fn;k 
x;kA vxj xzkeh.k fodkl ij dsafær igy dh ckr djsa rks 
bldh Bksl 'kq#vkr i‚¡poha ;kstuk ls gqbZA blesa —f"k ij 
[kklrkSj ls /;ku fn;k x;k rFkk —f"k jksxksa dh igpku o 
fu;a=.k] MªkbZ QkfeaZx vkSj ,sls gh vU; rduhdh igyqvksa ij t+ksj 
fn;k x;kA blh çdkj lkroha ;kstuk esa çkS|ksfxdh mUu;u ds 
ek/;e ls vUu mRikndrk dks c<+kus dk ç;kl fd;k x;k rks 
vkBoha ;kstuk esa foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh dks lkekftd&vkfFkZd 
fodkl ls lhèks rkSj ij tksM+ fn;k x;kA blh ;kstuk esa xzkeh.k 
fodkl ij lcls vfèkd cy fn;k x;k vkSj rduhd ds ek/;e 
ls xk¡oksa rd LoPN is;ty dh vkiwfrZ] LokLF; vkSj LoPNrk 
dks csgrj djus rFkk iks"k.k ls ysdj ÅtkZ t+:jrksa rd dks iwjk 
djus dh uhfr rS;kj dh xbZA blh /;s; dk foLrkj vkxs lHkh 
;kstukvksa esa gqvk vkSj fQj tc iapo"khZ; ;kstuk lekIr gqbZ rks 
orZeku ljdkj us vyx&vyx eapksa vkSj uhfr;ksa ds ek/;e ls 
foKku dks xzkeh.k vko';drkvksa ls lac) dj fn;kA
—f"k {ks= esa foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh
Hkkjr tSls fodkl'khy vkSj —f"k ç/kku vFkZO;oLFkk esa 
foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx u dsoy muds —f"k mRiknksa 
dks lrr :i ls c<+kus esa enn djsxk cfYd ns'k dh [kk| lqj{kk 
dks Hkh lqfuf'pr djus esa ennxkj lkfcr gksxkA Hkkjrh; —f"k 
ds lkeus tks eq[; pqukSrh gS] og gS fo'kky tula[;k dh rqyuk 
esa lalkèkuksa tSls Hkwfe] ty]iwath vkfn dh Hkkjh dehA blds 
vykok] de mRikndrk vkSj mit dh Hkkjh ekax bls vkSj xaHkhj 
cuk nsrh gSA 
,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj Qly mit dh ekax o"kZ 2000 
ds 192 fefy;u Vu dh rqyuk esa o"kZ 2030 rd 342 fefy;u 
Vu gks tkus dk vuqeku gS tcfd vxj ge fdlkuksa dh vkSlr 
Hkw&èkkfjrk dks ns[ksa rks vkt+knh ds ckn ls ;g fujarj ?kVrh gh 
tk jgh gSA o"kZ 1970 esa tgka ;g vk¡dM+k 2-30 gsDVs;j çfr 
fdlku Fkk rks o"kZ 2000 rd vkrs&vkrs ;g ?kVdj 1-32 gsDVs;j 
jg x;kA bruk gh ugha o"kZ 2020 rd ;g yxHkx vkèkk gksdj 
0-68 gsDVs;j gks x;k vkSj ,slk ekuk tk jgk gS fd o"kZ 2030 
rd ;g blds Hkh vk/ks ls de gksdj 0-32 gsDVs;j gks tk,xkA 
blds vykok] gesa ;g ckr vPNh rjg ls le> ysuh pkfg, fd 
geus viuh —f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe dk yxHkx laiw.kZ mi;ksx dj fy;k 
gS vkSj vc blesa dgha ls Hkh o`f) dh laHkkouk ugha gS cfYd 
orZeku fodkl dk;ksaZ dks ns[krs gq, rks ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS 
fd blesa vc deh gh vk,xhA 
^n us'kuy C;wjks vkWQ l‚;y ,aM ySaM] xouZesaV v‚Q bafM;k^ 
ds vuqlkj lu 1950&51 esa xSj&—f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe dk fgLlk tgka 
ek= 3 izfr'kr Fkk ogka orZeku esa ;g c<+dj yxHkx 11 izfr'kr 
gks pqdk gSA tcfd blh chp tula[;k o`f) rhu xquk ls Hkh 
T+;knk gks pqdh gSA ,sls esa gekjs ikl —f"k mRikndrk c<+kus ds 
vykok 'kk;n gh dksbZ vkSj fodYi 'ks"k cprk gS] vkSj ;gh og 
{ks= gS tgka foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh viuh vge Hkwfedk vnk dj 
ldrs gSaA
lcls igys Hkw&/kkfjrk dh deh dh leL;k ls fuiVus ds 
fy, gesa mu rduhdh uokpkjksa dh vko';drk gksxh tks ,slh 
fLFkfr;ksa ds vuqdwy gksA mnkgj.k ds fy, lh-,l-vkbZ-vkj- }kjk  
NksVs fdlkuksa ds fy, fodflr ,d yk[k —f"k 'kfä VªSDVj vFkok 
bu NksVs Hkw&Lokfe;ksa dks laLFkkxr :i ls mit vkiwfrZ Ük`a[kyk 
esa tksM+ nsukA blh rjg dh fLçadj vkSj fMªi flapkbZ tSlh uohu 
flapkbZ rduhdksa ds ek/;e ls tgka ty dh deh dh leL;k dks 
nwj fd;k tk ldrk gS ogha eksckby dE;qfuds'ku ;k o‚;l csLM 
d‚y lsaVj dh enn ls ekSle laca/kh lwpuk] v|ru mit ewY; 
vkSj Qly iSVuZ dh tkudkjh eqgS;k djkdj ckt+kj tksf[keksa vkSj 
tyok;q laca/kh pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVk tk ldrk gSA e`nk LokLF; 
dkMZ tSls oSKkfud rjhdksa ds ek/;e ls tgka vuqdwy moZjdksa 
vkSj dhVuk'kdksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS ogh thih,l 
vkSj rduhd vk/kkfjr chek lqfo/kk dh enn ls Qlyh uqdlku 
dk irk yxkdj mldh vklkuh ls HkjikbZ dh tk ldrh gSA 
dgus dk vFkZ ;g gS fd ,sls vusd rduhdh uokpkj gSa ftudh 
enn ls xzkeh.k —"kd vFkZO;oLFkk esa vkewypwy cnyko yk;k tk 
ldrk gSA gkyk¡fd uhfrxr Lrj ij vc lexzrk ls gh foKku 
LokfeRo ;kstuk
vkt xzkeh.k Hkkjr dks rduhd ls tksM+uk ,d t+:jh 
dne gS] vkSj bl rduhd ds ek/;e ls fodkl dh ubZ 
dgkuh fy[kuk mldh rkfdZd ifj.kfrA LokfeRo ;kstuk 
blh dM+h esa ,d igy gSA bl ;kstuk ds rgr xk¡o rFkk 
ogk¡ dh Hkwfe dk Mªksu ds ek/;e ls losZ{k.k fd;k tk jgk 
gSA ;g çfØ;k iwjh gks tkus ds ckn Hkwfe lR;kiu dk dk;Z 
vR;ar vklku gks tk,xkA blds ckn ftl Hkh Hkw[kaM ij 
,d ls vf/kd O;fä ekfydkuk gd dk nkok djsaxs] Mªksu 
losZ{k.k vkSj ljdkjh fjdkMZ ds feyku ls mldk vf/kÑr 
lR;kiu dj fn;k tk,xkA bldh lwpuk iksVZy ij Mky 
nh tk,xh tgk¡ ls lacaf/kr O;fä bl laifÙk vfèkdkj ds 
dkMZ dks çkIr dj ldrk gSA ;g iwjh çfØ;k Hkw&fjd‚MZ dks 
ikjn'khZ cuk,xhA
Page 4


36
uoacj 2022
g
j le; ds HkkX; dks r; djus okyk ,d cqfu;knh rRo gksrk 
gSA tSls tc euq"; dks vUu mitkus dh 'kfä Kkr gqbZ 
rks mlds ckn ,d iwjh lH;rk bl 'kfä ds vklikl fodflr 
gqbZA blh çdkj dHkh m|ksx vkSj e'khuksa us lewph ekuo tkfr 
dh fu;fr dks r; fd;kA ;gh ckr vc foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh 
ds fy, dgh tk ldrh gS D;ksafd ;g fodkl ds lHkh vk;keksa 
dks r; djus esa l{ke gSA pkgs oks jk"Vªh; lqj{kk dk ekeyk gks 
;k thou ls tqM+s {ks=] lc foKku ,oa rduhd ls fu/kkZfjr gks 
jgs gSaA blfy, tgk¡ çxfr dh O;kfIr de gS] ogk¡ foKku dh 
foKku vkSj rduhd ls cnyrh x‚aoksa dh rLohj
vko';drk mruh gh vf/kd gSA t+kfgj&lh ckr gS fd xzkeh.k 
Hkkjr dk HkkX; fu/kkZjd Hkh ;gh cqfu;knh rRo gSA
D;ksa vko';d gS çkS|ksfxdh\
oLrqr% Hkkjr tSls fo'kky vkSj fofo/kh—r ns'k esa tgk¡ 
vFkZO;oLFkk dh jh<+ le>s tkus okyh —f"k ekulwuh vfuf'prrkvksa 
vkSj ckt+kjoknh tksf[keksa ds v/khu jgh gks] tgk¡ vf/kla[; xzkeh.k 
rcdk foÙkh; fuj{kjrk vkSj rduhdh fiNM+siu ls xzflr jgk 
gks] tgk¡ LokLF; lsokvksa dh miyC/krk vkSj LoPNrk dk Lrj 
dkQh fuEu jgk gks] ogk¡ fodkl laca/kh pqukSfr;ksa dh tfVyrk 
µ lUuh dqekj 
vfHkuo Hkkjr
Hkkjr ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds laca/k esa tc ge foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dh ckr djrs gSa rks ge buls oSlk laca/k ugha 
tksM+ ikrs gSa tSlk ,d 'kgjh vkSj fodflr v/kkslajpuk okys {ks=ksa lsA fdarq tc ge tSfod [ksrh] v{k; ÅtkZ] 
ck;ksVsDuksy‚th vkSj VsyhesfMflu vkfn dh ckrsa djrs gSa] rc ;g laca/k dkQh Li"V gksdj gekjs lkeus mHkjrk 
gSA —f"k ds {ks= esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk fcYdqy Li"V gS fdarq ckr ;fn LokLF; lsokvksa dh djsa rks 
;g ,d ,slk {ks= gS ftlesa vk/kqfud foKku ,oa rduhd viuh egrh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs gSaA vkt xzkeh.k Hkkjr 
dks rduhd ls tksM+uk ,d t+:jh igy gS] vkSj bl rduhd ds ek/;e ls fodkl dh ubZ dgkuh fy[kuk bldh 
rkfdZd ifj.kfrA dsaæ ljdkj bl ckr dks vPNs ls le> jgh gS vkSj bl ij vey Hkh dj jgh gSA 
37
uoacj 2022
dk vuqeku lgt gh yxk;k tk ldrk gSA vkt+knh ds ckn ls 
gh Hkkjr bu pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus ds fy, fofHkUu rjhdksa vkSj 
ek/;eksa dk lgkjk ysrk jgk gS vkSj dqN gn rd blesa lQy 
Hkh jgk gSA fdarq oS'ohdj.k vkSj lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ds bl ;qx esa 
os ijEijkxr i)fr;k¡ vkSj iqjkus rjhds bfPNr ifj.kke ugha ns 
ik jgs gSa vkSj blfy, t+:jh gS fd ge mu phtksa dks viuk,¡ 
tks vkt dh t+:jr gSa vkSj ftu ij Hkkjr dk lqugjk Hkfo"; 
fuHkZj djrk gSA 
dgus dh vko';drk ugha fd ge xzkeh.k Hkkjr esa lwpuk 
vkSj lapkj çkS|ksfxdh ds leqUur mi;ksx dh ckr dj jgs gSaA 
bu rduhdksa dk ç;ksx vkt xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa —f"k] LokLF;] 
f'k{kk vkSj LoPNrk vkfn dbZ {ks=ksa esa cqfu;knh vkSj vHkwriwoZ 
ifjorZu yk jgk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, tSlkfd ge tkurs gSa fd 
vkuqokaf'kd :i ls laof/kZr Qlyksa ds mRiknu ls U;wu mRiknu 
dh leL;k dk lek/kku fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj bl rjhds ds 
ç;kl u dsoy —f"k iSnkokj dh mRikndrk dks c<+k jgs gSa cfYd 
Qlyksa ds O;kolk;hdj.k] fofo/khdj.k vkSj ewY;oèkZu vkfn ds  
}kjk bls ykHkksUeq[kh Hkh cukus esa ennxkj gSa fdarq tc rd blds 
LoLFk o lqjf{kr mi;ksx ls lacaf/kr vk¡dM+s Li"V ugha gks tkrs 
rc rd ge bls [kk| Qlyksa ij ykxw ugha dj ldrs vkSj bUgh 
vk¡dM+ksa ds fo'ys"k.k esa fMftVy çkS|ksfxdh viuh vge~ Hkwfedk 
vnk djrh gSa vkSj dj ldrh gSA ;g dsoy ,d mnkgj.k ek= 
gSA blds vfrfjä] tyok;q vk/kkfjr Qly i)fr viukus ls 
ysdj daI;wVjh—r Hkwfe fjd‚MZ j[kus tSls dbZ ,sls igyw gSa ftuesa 
rduhd viuh vuU; Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gS@ldrh gSA 
vkt+knh ds ckn foKku&izkS|ksfxdh dh fn'kk
vkt+knh ds ckn ls gh xzkeh.k Hkkjr ds fy, ,d Bksl foKku 
uhfr cuuh 'kq: gks xbZ FkhA vxj lexz :i ls bls le>us dk 
ç;kl djsa rks çeq[k uhfr;ksa vkSj iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa dks ns[kuk 
Js;Ldj gksxk D;ksafd varr% bUgha ds ek/;e ls ns'k ds fodkl 
dks xfr nh tk jgh FkhA bl laca/k esa eq[;r% pkj uhfr;ksa & 
^lkbafVfQd i‚fylh fjt+ksY;w'ku^ ¼1958½] ^VsDuksy‚th i‚fylh 
LVsVesaV^ ¼1983½] ^lkbal ,aM VsDuksy‚th i‚fylh^ ¼2003½ vkSj 
^lkbal ,aM VsDuksy‚th i‚fylh^ ¼2013½ dh ppkZ i;kZIr gksxhA 
blds ckn ds fodklØe dh ppkZ vkxs Øe'k% {ks=okj dh xbZA 
pw¡fd 1958 dh uhfr vkt+knh ds rqjar ckn vkbZ Fkh rks bldk 
eq[; t+ksj {kerk fuekZ.k vkSj lS)kafrd o O;kogkfjd foKku 
ds fodkl ij FkkA lkFk gh] ns'k dh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ esa 
foKku dh Hkwfedk dks lqfuf'pr djuk Hkh Fkk] blfy, ,d vksj 
tgk¡ blds ek/;e ls lqj{kk t+:jrksa dks lk/kus dh dksf'k'k dh 
xbZ ogha xzkeh.k Hkkjr ds mRFkku ds fy, —f"k fodkl ij t+ksj 
fn;k x;kA blds vykok] ukxfjdksa dks oSKkfud <ax ls fopkj 
dj ldus dh {kerk dk fodkl djuk bl i‚fylh dk mís'; 
Fkk rkfd oks thou ds fofo/k {ks=ksa esa mUufr dj ldsaA /;ku 
j[kus ;ksX; ckr gS fd ;g ogh le; gS tc ns'k esa lkeqnkf;d 
fodkl dk;ZØe ¼CDP½ lapkfyr gks jgk FkkA njvly] blds 
ek/;e ls xk¡oksa ds ,d lewg dks pqudj ogk¡ rduhdh volajpuk 
dk fodkl fd;k tk jgk Fkk vkSj leqnk; dks ^vkRefuHkZj^ <ax 
ls fodkl ds fy, çksRlkfgr fd;k tk jgk FkkA blesa lapkj 
ds lkèkuksa ds fodkl ds lkFk xzkeh.k LokLF; vkSj LoPNrk 
ds fodkl ij cy fn;k tk jgk FkkA blds vykok] —f"k ds 
vkèkqfudhdj.k vkSj dqVhj m|ksxksa dks c<+kok nsuk bl dk;ZØe 
ds eq[; mís'; FksA dgus dk Hkko gS fd 1950 ds n'kd esa 'kq: 
gq, bl dk;ZØe ds ek/;e ls xzkeh.k fodkl dh cqfu;kn Mkyh 
tk pqdh FkhA
vc nwljh foKku uhfr dh ckr djsa rks ;g rc vkbZ tc 
çkS|ksfxdh dk Lo:i dkQh cny pqdk Fkk vkSj ;g thou ds 
fofo/k {ks=ksa esa çR;{k gks jgh FkhA lapkj ls ysdj euksjatu 
rd u, rduhdh cnyko rks gks gh jgs Fks( lkFk gh] ns'k ,d 
^Økafrdkjh gfjr cnyko^ dk lk{kh gks pqdk FkkA ,sls esa bl uhfr 
dk eq[; t+ksj rduhdh fodkl ds ek/;e ls yksxksa dh vkdka{kk 
iwfrZ ij FkkA blesa LFkkuh; lalk/kuksa ds vuqdwyre mi;ksx vkSj 
lwpuk] bysDVª‚fuDl vkSj tSo&VsDuksy‚th dks et+cwr djus ij 
38
uoacj 2022
Qksdl fd;k x;kA blds ckn 2003 vkSj 2013 dh uhfr;ksa 
ds eq[; /;s; dh ckr djsa rks ;s Øe'k% {kerkvksa ds dq'kyre 
mi;ksx vkSj buksos'ku ij dsafær gks x,A
blds ckn iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa dks ns[ksa rks ,slh igyh 
;kstuk esa ewy :i ls cqfu;knh rduhdh lqfo/kkvksa ds fodkl] 
ç;ksx'kkykvksa vkSj ,sls dsaæksa ds fodkl ij vf/kd cy fn;k 
x;kA vxj xzkeh.k fodkl ij dsafær igy dh ckr djsa rks 
bldh Bksl 'kq#vkr i‚¡poha ;kstuk ls gqbZA blesa —f"k ij 
[kklrkSj ls /;ku fn;k x;k rFkk —f"k jksxksa dh igpku o 
fu;a=.k] MªkbZ QkfeaZx vkSj ,sls gh vU; rduhdh igyqvksa ij t+ksj 
fn;k x;kA blh çdkj lkroha ;kstuk esa çkS|ksfxdh mUu;u ds 
ek/;e ls vUu mRikndrk dks c<+kus dk ç;kl fd;k x;k rks 
vkBoha ;kstuk esa foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh dks lkekftd&vkfFkZd 
fodkl ls lhèks rkSj ij tksM+ fn;k x;kA blh ;kstuk esa xzkeh.k 
fodkl ij lcls vfèkd cy fn;k x;k vkSj rduhd ds ek/;e 
ls xk¡oksa rd LoPN is;ty dh vkiwfrZ] LokLF; vkSj LoPNrk 
dks csgrj djus rFkk iks"k.k ls ysdj ÅtkZ t+:jrksa rd dks iwjk 
djus dh uhfr rS;kj dh xbZA blh /;s; dk foLrkj vkxs lHkh 
;kstukvksa esa gqvk vkSj fQj tc iapo"khZ; ;kstuk lekIr gqbZ rks 
orZeku ljdkj us vyx&vyx eapksa vkSj uhfr;ksa ds ek/;e ls 
foKku dks xzkeh.k vko';drkvksa ls lac) dj fn;kA
—f"k {ks= esa foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh
Hkkjr tSls fodkl'khy vkSj —f"k ç/kku vFkZO;oLFkk esa 
foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx u dsoy muds —f"k mRiknksa 
dks lrr :i ls c<+kus esa enn djsxk cfYd ns'k dh [kk| lqj{kk 
dks Hkh lqfuf'pr djus esa ennxkj lkfcr gksxkA Hkkjrh; —f"k 
ds lkeus tks eq[; pqukSrh gS] og gS fo'kky tula[;k dh rqyuk 
esa lalkèkuksa tSls Hkwfe] ty]iwath vkfn dh Hkkjh dehA blds 
vykok] de mRikndrk vkSj mit dh Hkkjh ekax bls vkSj xaHkhj 
cuk nsrh gSA 
,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj Qly mit dh ekax o"kZ 2000 
ds 192 fefy;u Vu dh rqyuk esa o"kZ 2030 rd 342 fefy;u 
Vu gks tkus dk vuqeku gS tcfd vxj ge fdlkuksa dh vkSlr 
Hkw&èkkfjrk dks ns[ksa rks vkt+knh ds ckn ls ;g fujarj ?kVrh gh 
tk jgh gSA o"kZ 1970 esa tgka ;g vk¡dM+k 2-30 gsDVs;j çfr 
fdlku Fkk rks o"kZ 2000 rd vkrs&vkrs ;g ?kVdj 1-32 gsDVs;j 
jg x;kA bruk gh ugha o"kZ 2020 rd ;g yxHkx vkèkk gksdj 
0-68 gsDVs;j gks x;k vkSj ,slk ekuk tk jgk gS fd o"kZ 2030 
rd ;g blds Hkh vk/ks ls de gksdj 0-32 gsDVs;j gks tk,xkA 
blds vykok] gesa ;g ckr vPNh rjg ls le> ysuh pkfg, fd 
geus viuh —f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe dk yxHkx laiw.kZ mi;ksx dj fy;k 
gS vkSj vc blesa dgha ls Hkh o`f) dh laHkkouk ugha gS cfYd 
orZeku fodkl dk;ksaZ dks ns[krs gq, rks ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS 
fd blesa vc deh gh vk,xhA 
^n us'kuy C;wjks vkWQ l‚;y ,aM ySaM] xouZesaV v‚Q bafM;k^ 
ds vuqlkj lu 1950&51 esa xSj&—f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe dk fgLlk tgka 
ek= 3 izfr'kr Fkk ogka orZeku esa ;g c<+dj yxHkx 11 izfr'kr 
gks pqdk gSA tcfd blh chp tula[;k o`f) rhu xquk ls Hkh 
T+;knk gks pqdh gSA ,sls esa gekjs ikl —f"k mRikndrk c<+kus ds 
vykok 'kk;n gh dksbZ vkSj fodYi 'ks"k cprk gS] vkSj ;gh og 
{ks= gS tgka foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh viuh vge Hkwfedk vnk dj 
ldrs gSaA
lcls igys Hkw&/kkfjrk dh deh dh leL;k ls fuiVus ds 
fy, gesa mu rduhdh uokpkjksa dh vko';drk gksxh tks ,slh 
fLFkfr;ksa ds vuqdwy gksA mnkgj.k ds fy, lh-,l-vkbZ-vkj- }kjk  
NksVs fdlkuksa ds fy, fodflr ,d yk[k —f"k 'kfä VªSDVj vFkok 
bu NksVs Hkw&Lokfe;ksa dks laLFkkxr :i ls mit vkiwfrZ Ük`a[kyk 
esa tksM+ nsukA blh rjg dh fLçadj vkSj fMªi flapkbZ tSlh uohu 
flapkbZ rduhdksa ds ek/;e ls tgka ty dh deh dh leL;k dks 
nwj fd;k tk ldrk gS ogha eksckby dE;qfuds'ku ;k o‚;l csLM 
d‚y lsaVj dh enn ls ekSle laca/kh lwpuk] v|ru mit ewY; 
vkSj Qly iSVuZ dh tkudkjh eqgS;k djkdj ckt+kj tksf[keksa vkSj 
tyok;q laca/kh pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVk tk ldrk gSA e`nk LokLF; 
dkMZ tSls oSKkfud rjhdksa ds ek/;e ls tgka vuqdwy moZjdksa 
vkSj dhVuk'kdksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS ogh thih,l 
vkSj rduhd vk/kkfjr chek lqfo/kk dh enn ls Qlyh uqdlku 
dk irk yxkdj mldh vklkuh ls HkjikbZ dh tk ldrh gSA 
dgus dk vFkZ ;g gS fd ,sls vusd rduhdh uokpkj gSa ftudh 
enn ls xzkeh.k —"kd vFkZO;oLFkk esa vkewypwy cnyko yk;k tk 
ldrk gSA gkyk¡fd uhfrxr Lrj ij vc lexzrk ls gh foKku 
LokfeRo ;kstuk
vkt xzkeh.k Hkkjr dks rduhd ls tksM+uk ,d t+:jh 
dne gS] vkSj bl rduhd ds ek/;e ls fodkl dh ubZ 
dgkuh fy[kuk mldh rkfdZd ifj.kfrA LokfeRo ;kstuk 
blh dM+h esa ,d igy gSA bl ;kstuk ds rgr xk¡o rFkk 
ogk¡ dh Hkwfe dk Mªksu ds ek/;e ls losZ{k.k fd;k tk jgk 
gSA ;g çfØ;k iwjh gks tkus ds ckn Hkwfe lR;kiu dk dk;Z 
vR;ar vklku gks tk,xkA blds ckn ftl Hkh Hkw[kaM ij 
,d ls vf/kd O;fä ekfydkuk gd dk nkok djsaxs] Mªksu 
losZ{k.k vkSj ljdkjh fjdkMZ ds feyku ls mldk vf/kÑr 
lR;kiu dj fn;k tk,xkA bldh lwpuk iksVZy ij Mky 
nh tk,xh tgk¡ ls lacaf/kr O;fä bl laifÙk vfèkdkj ds 
dkMZ dks çkIr dj ldrk gSA ;g iwjh çfØ;k Hkw&fjd‚MZ dks 
ikjn'khZ cuk,xhA
39
uoacj 2022
,oa çkS|ksfxdh dks fodkl ds ,d midj.k esa :i esa viuk;k 
tkrk gS fQj Hkh dqN ,sls ç;klksa dk ftØ djuk t+:jh gksxkA 
jk"Vªh; —f"k ckt+kj 
;g ,d vf[ky Hkkjrh; bysDVª‚fud O;kikj iksVZy gSA 
bldk mís'; —f"k mRiknksa ds fy, ,dh—r cktkj miyC/k 
djkuk gS rkfd fdlkuksa dks ekax&vkiwfrZ Ük`a[kyk dk loksZÙke ykHk 
fey ldsA blds rgr gt+kj ls vf/kd eafM;ksa dks tksM+k tk 
pqdk gSA dsaæ ljdkj dh bl ;kstuk dks ,xzh Vsd bUÝkLVªDpj 
QaM ¼AITF½ ls foÙkiks"k.k çkIr gksrk gSA bl igy us fuf'pr 
gh —f"k vk; dks c<+kus dk dk;Z fd;k gSA 
jk"Vªh; —f"k foLrkj vkSj çkS|ksfxdh fe'ku 
bl fe'ku dk mís'; —f"k dk;Z dks mUur vkSj uohu 
çkS|ksfxdh ls ySl djuk gSA blds fy, ;g laLFkkxr ç;kl dh 
ckr djrk gSA ;g Hkh dsaæ ljdkj dh ,d ;kstuk gS ftls —f"k 
çkS|ksfxdh çca/ku ,tsalh ¼ATMA½ ds çk;kstu esa çkjaHk fd;k 
x;k FkkA blds varxZr —f"k ;a=hdj.k mi fe'ku ¼SMAM½] 
cht ,oa ikS/kkjksi.k lkexzh ij mi fe'ku ¼SMSP½] ikS/k laj{k.k 
ij mi fe'ku ¼SMPP½ tSls vusd mife'ku lapkfyr gks jgs gSa 
ftudk mís'; Øe'k% y?kq ,oa lhekar fdlkuksa rd —f"k e'khuksa 
dks igq¡pkuk] xq.koÙkk;qä cht dk mRiknu vkSj vkiwfrZ rFkk tSo 
lqj{kk ds mik; djuk gSA
—f"k foKku dsaæ 
;s dsaæ Hkkjrh; —f"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn }kjk lapkfyr fd, 
tkrs gSaA bu dsaæksa ds ek/;e ls xzkeh.k ;qokvksa vkSj fdlkuksa ds 
dkS'ky fodkl çf'k{k.k ij cy fn;k tkrk gSA ;s dsaæ laiw.kZ 
—f"k çfØ;k esa uohure buiqV çnku djrs gSa vkSj jk"Vªh; —f"k 
vuqla/kku ç.kkyh ls tqM+dj tyok;q vuqdwy çkS|ksfxdh ls —f"k 
mRiknu dks tksM+rs gSaA
xzkeh.k LokLF; {ks= esa çkS|ksfxdh
Hkkjr ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds laca/k esa tc ge foKku vkSj 
çkS|ksfxdh dh ckr djrs gSa rks ge buls oSlk laca/k ugha tksM+ 
ikrs gSa tSlk ,d 'kgjh vkSj fodflr v/kkslajpuk okys {ks=ksa 
ds fy, tksM+ ldrs gSa fdarq tc ge tSfod [ksrh] v{k; ÅtkZ]
ck;ksVsDuksy‚th vkSj VsyhesfMflu vkfn dh ckrs djrs gSa rc 
;g laca/k dkQh Li"V gksdj gekjs lkeus mHkjrk gSA —f"k {ks= 
esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk fcYdqy Li"V gS fdarq ckr 
;fn LokLF; lsokvksa dh djsa rks ;g ,d ,slk {ks= gS ftles 
vkèkqfud foKku ,oa rduhd viuh egrh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrk 
gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd fpfdRlk lqfo/kkvksa dk vHkko xzkeh.k 
{ks=ksa ds fy, lcls cM+h leL;k gS vkSj ;g ,d ,slh vifjgk;Z 
vko';drk gS ftls Vkyk ugha tk ldrk gSA ,d cM+h la[;k 
esa xk¡oksa ls yksx csgrj fpfdRlk lqfo/kkvksa ds fy, 'kgjksa dh 
vksj iyk;u djrs gSa vkSj bl nkSjku mUgsa vusd leL;kvksa dk 
lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS vkSj bUgha leL;kvksa ds lek/kku esa foKku 
,oa çkS|ksfxdh dh mi;ksfxrk ns[kh tk ldrh gSA bl laca/k esa 
fofHkUu ljdkjh vkSj xSj&ljdkjh ç;kl fd, tk jgs gSa ftudk 
fooj.k uhps fn;k tk jgk gS%&
,e l[kh
;g iqjL—r eksckby Qksu ,si gS tks LokLF; dk;ZdrkZvksa dks 
Hkkjr ds nwjnjkt {ks=ksa esa ifjokjksa dks mPp&Lrjh; LokLF; lsok,a 
nsus esa enn djrk gSA blesa bysDVª‚fud :i ls LokLF; lacaèkh 
fjd‚MZ dks j[kk tkrk gS ftlds ek/;e ls LokLF; dk;ZdrkZ 
v|ru Vªsfuax vkSj lwpukvksa ls tqM+s jgrs gSaA
bruk gh ugha bl ,si ds }kjk vk'kk dk;ZdrkZ Hkh vius 
LekVZQksu dh enn ls vius dkS'ky dks csgrj cuk ldrs gSa vkSj 
LokLF; ls lacaf/kr egRoiw.kZ MkVk ds ckjs esa tkudkjh çkIr dj 
ldrs gSaA
fdydkjh ,si
bl ,si ds ek/;e ls le;c) :i esa fofHkUu ifjokjksa dks 
xHkkZoLFkk vkSj cPpksa dh ns[kHkky ls lacaf/kr 72 v‚fM;ks eSlst 
lkIrkfgd vk/kkj ij muds LekVZQksu ij fn, tkrs gSaA
eksckby vdkneh
;g ,d eq¶r v‚fM;ks Vªsfuax dkslZ gS tks [kkldj vk'kk 
dk;ZdrkZvksa ds fy, rS;kj fd;k x;k gS rkfd os vius laokn 
dkS'ky dks csgrj cuk ldsaA blds ek/;e ls vk'kk dk;ZdrkZ ?kj 
cSBs vkSj viuh lqfo/kkuqlkj le; dk p;u djrs gq, çf'k{k.k 
çkIr dj ldrh gSa tks yach nwjh dh mudh ;k=k dks de djus 
esa ennxkj lkfcr gksrk gSA
bZ&vLirky
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 'kq: dh xbZ ;g ,d v‚uykbu iathdj.k 
lsok gS ftlesa yksx jftLVªs'ku vkSj vi‚baVesaV cqfdax dj LokLF; 
fjiksVZ~l vkSj [kwu dh fofHkUu ljdkjh vLirkyksa esa miyC/krk 
vkfn v‚uykbu ek/;e ls gh ns[k ldrs gSaA rduhd ds ç;ksx 
dk ;g ç;kl oSls yksxksa ds fy, ojnku ls de ugha gS ftUgsa [kwu 
dh miyC/krk laca/kh lwpuk vkSj mls vius fy, vkjf{kr djokus 
ds fy, vyx&vyx vLirkyksa ds pDdj dkVus iM+rs FksA bl 
lsok ds ek/;e ls jksxh dks vius vk/kkj uacj dk lR;kiu dj 
lacaf/kr foHkkx vkSj vi‚baVesaV dh rkjh[k cqd djuh iM+rh gSA 
bl eap ds ek/;e ls vc vLirky Hkh iathdj.k vkSj vi‚baVesaV 
çfØ;k ij vklkuh ls fuxjkuh j[k ldrs gSaA
vueksy
vueksy ,si dk mís'; xzkeh.k {ks= dh efgykvksa vkSj cPpksa 
dks xq.koÙkkiw.kZ vkSj le;c) fpfdRlk lsok miyC/k djkuk gSA 
bl ,si esa fp=ksa vkSj ohfM;ks ds ek/;e ls cqfu;knh LokLF; 
ns[kHkky vkSj cpko ds lkFk&lkFk LoPNrk dks cjdjkj j[kus 
laca/kh reke ckrksa ds ckjs esa tkx:d vkSj f'kf{kr fd;k tkrk gSA
Page 5


36
uoacj 2022
g
j le; ds HkkX; dks r; djus okyk ,d cqfu;knh rRo gksrk 
gSA tSls tc euq"; dks vUu mitkus dh 'kfä Kkr gqbZ 
rks mlds ckn ,d iwjh lH;rk bl 'kfä ds vklikl fodflr 
gqbZA blh çdkj dHkh m|ksx vkSj e'khuksa us lewph ekuo tkfr 
dh fu;fr dks r; fd;kA ;gh ckr vc foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh 
ds fy, dgh tk ldrh gS D;ksafd ;g fodkl ds lHkh vk;keksa 
dks r; djus esa l{ke gSA pkgs oks jk"Vªh; lqj{kk dk ekeyk gks 
;k thou ls tqM+s {ks=] lc foKku ,oa rduhd ls fu/kkZfjr gks 
jgs gSaA blfy, tgk¡ çxfr dh O;kfIr de gS] ogk¡ foKku dh 
foKku vkSj rduhd ls cnyrh x‚aoksa dh rLohj
vko';drk mruh gh vf/kd gSA t+kfgj&lh ckr gS fd xzkeh.k 
Hkkjr dk HkkX; fu/kkZjd Hkh ;gh cqfu;knh rRo gSA
D;ksa vko';d gS çkS|ksfxdh\
oLrqr% Hkkjr tSls fo'kky vkSj fofo/kh—r ns'k esa tgk¡ 
vFkZO;oLFkk dh jh<+ le>s tkus okyh —f"k ekulwuh vfuf'prrkvksa 
vkSj ckt+kjoknh tksf[keksa ds v/khu jgh gks] tgk¡ vf/kla[; xzkeh.k 
rcdk foÙkh; fuj{kjrk vkSj rduhdh fiNM+siu ls xzflr jgk 
gks] tgk¡ LokLF; lsokvksa dh miyC/krk vkSj LoPNrk dk Lrj 
dkQh fuEu jgk gks] ogk¡ fodkl laca/kh pqukSfr;ksa dh tfVyrk 
µ lUuh dqekj 
vfHkuo Hkkjr
Hkkjr ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds laca/k esa tc ge foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dh ckr djrs gSa rks ge buls oSlk laca/k ugha 
tksM+ ikrs gSa tSlk ,d 'kgjh vkSj fodflr v/kkslajpuk okys {ks=ksa lsA fdarq tc ge tSfod [ksrh] v{k; ÅtkZ] 
ck;ksVsDuksy‚th vkSj VsyhesfMflu vkfn dh ckrsa djrs gSa] rc ;g laca/k dkQh Li"V gksdj gekjs lkeus mHkjrk 
gSA —f"k ds {ks= esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk fcYdqy Li"V gS fdarq ckr ;fn LokLF; lsokvksa dh djsa rks 
;g ,d ,slk {ks= gS ftlesa vk/kqfud foKku ,oa rduhd viuh egrh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs gSaA vkt xzkeh.k Hkkjr 
dks rduhd ls tksM+uk ,d t+:jh igy gS] vkSj bl rduhd ds ek/;e ls fodkl dh ubZ dgkuh fy[kuk bldh 
rkfdZd ifj.kfrA dsaæ ljdkj bl ckr dks vPNs ls le> jgh gS vkSj bl ij vey Hkh dj jgh gSA 
37
uoacj 2022
dk vuqeku lgt gh yxk;k tk ldrk gSA vkt+knh ds ckn ls 
gh Hkkjr bu pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus ds fy, fofHkUu rjhdksa vkSj 
ek/;eksa dk lgkjk ysrk jgk gS vkSj dqN gn rd blesa lQy 
Hkh jgk gSA fdarq oS'ohdj.k vkSj lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ds bl ;qx esa 
os ijEijkxr i)fr;k¡ vkSj iqjkus rjhds bfPNr ifj.kke ugha ns 
ik jgs gSa vkSj blfy, t+:jh gS fd ge mu phtksa dks viuk,¡ 
tks vkt dh t+:jr gSa vkSj ftu ij Hkkjr dk lqugjk Hkfo"; 
fuHkZj djrk gSA 
dgus dh vko';drk ugha fd ge xzkeh.k Hkkjr esa lwpuk 
vkSj lapkj çkS|ksfxdh ds leqUur mi;ksx dh ckr dj jgs gSaA 
bu rduhdksa dk ç;ksx vkt xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa —f"k] LokLF;] 
f'k{kk vkSj LoPNrk vkfn dbZ {ks=ksa esa cqfu;knh vkSj vHkwriwoZ 
ifjorZu yk jgk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, tSlkfd ge tkurs gSa fd 
vkuqokaf'kd :i ls laof/kZr Qlyksa ds mRiknu ls U;wu mRiknu 
dh leL;k dk lek/kku fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj bl rjhds ds 
ç;kl u dsoy —f"k iSnkokj dh mRikndrk dks c<+k jgs gSa cfYd 
Qlyksa ds O;kolk;hdj.k] fofo/khdj.k vkSj ewY;oèkZu vkfn ds  
}kjk bls ykHkksUeq[kh Hkh cukus esa ennxkj gSa fdarq tc rd blds 
LoLFk o lqjf{kr mi;ksx ls lacaf/kr vk¡dM+s Li"V ugha gks tkrs 
rc rd ge bls [kk| Qlyksa ij ykxw ugha dj ldrs vkSj bUgh 
vk¡dM+ksa ds fo'ys"k.k esa fMftVy çkS|ksfxdh viuh vge~ Hkwfedk 
vnk djrh gSa vkSj dj ldrh gSA ;g dsoy ,d mnkgj.k ek= 
gSA blds vfrfjä] tyok;q vk/kkfjr Qly i)fr viukus ls 
ysdj daI;wVjh—r Hkwfe fjd‚MZ j[kus tSls dbZ ,sls igyw gSa ftuesa 
rduhd viuh vuU; Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gS@ldrh gSA 
vkt+knh ds ckn foKku&izkS|ksfxdh dh fn'kk
vkt+knh ds ckn ls gh xzkeh.k Hkkjr ds fy, ,d Bksl foKku 
uhfr cuuh 'kq: gks xbZ FkhA vxj lexz :i ls bls le>us dk 
ç;kl djsa rks çeq[k uhfr;ksa vkSj iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa dks ns[kuk 
Js;Ldj gksxk D;ksafd varr% bUgha ds ek/;e ls ns'k ds fodkl 
dks xfr nh tk jgh FkhA bl laca/k esa eq[;r% pkj uhfr;ksa & 
^lkbafVfQd i‚fylh fjt+ksY;w'ku^ ¼1958½] ^VsDuksy‚th i‚fylh 
LVsVesaV^ ¼1983½] ^lkbal ,aM VsDuksy‚th i‚fylh^ ¼2003½ vkSj 
^lkbal ,aM VsDuksy‚th i‚fylh^ ¼2013½ dh ppkZ i;kZIr gksxhA 
blds ckn ds fodklØe dh ppkZ vkxs Øe'k% {ks=okj dh xbZA 
pw¡fd 1958 dh uhfr vkt+knh ds rqjar ckn vkbZ Fkh rks bldk 
eq[; t+ksj {kerk fuekZ.k vkSj lS)kafrd o O;kogkfjd foKku 
ds fodkl ij FkkA lkFk gh] ns'k dh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ esa 
foKku dh Hkwfedk dks lqfuf'pr djuk Hkh Fkk] blfy, ,d vksj 
tgk¡ blds ek/;e ls lqj{kk t+:jrksa dks lk/kus dh dksf'k'k dh 
xbZ ogha xzkeh.k Hkkjr ds mRFkku ds fy, —f"k fodkl ij t+ksj 
fn;k x;kA blds vykok] ukxfjdksa dks oSKkfud <ax ls fopkj 
dj ldus dh {kerk dk fodkl djuk bl i‚fylh dk mís'; 
Fkk rkfd oks thou ds fofo/k {ks=ksa esa mUufr dj ldsaA /;ku 
j[kus ;ksX; ckr gS fd ;g ogh le; gS tc ns'k esa lkeqnkf;d 
fodkl dk;ZØe ¼CDP½ lapkfyr gks jgk FkkA njvly] blds 
ek/;e ls xk¡oksa ds ,d lewg dks pqudj ogk¡ rduhdh volajpuk 
dk fodkl fd;k tk jgk Fkk vkSj leqnk; dks ^vkRefuHkZj^ <ax 
ls fodkl ds fy, çksRlkfgr fd;k tk jgk FkkA blesa lapkj 
ds lkèkuksa ds fodkl ds lkFk xzkeh.k LokLF; vkSj LoPNrk 
ds fodkl ij cy fn;k tk jgk FkkA blds vykok] —f"k ds 
vkèkqfudhdj.k vkSj dqVhj m|ksxksa dks c<+kok nsuk bl dk;ZØe 
ds eq[; mís'; FksA dgus dk Hkko gS fd 1950 ds n'kd esa 'kq: 
gq, bl dk;ZØe ds ek/;e ls xzkeh.k fodkl dh cqfu;kn Mkyh 
tk pqdh FkhA
vc nwljh foKku uhfr dh ckr djsa rks ;g rc vkbZ tc 
çkS|ksfxdh dk Lo:i dkQh cny pqdk Fkk vkSj ;g thou ds 
fofo/k {ks=ksa esa çR;{k gks jgh FkhA lapkj ls ysdj euksjatu 
rd u, rduhdh cnyko rks gks gh jgs Fks( lkFk gh] ns'k ,d 
^Økafrdkjh gfjr cnyko^ dk lk{kh gks pqdk FkkA ,sls esa bl uhfr 
dk eq[; t+ksj rduhdh fodkl ds ek/;e ls yksxksa dh vkdka{kk 
iwfrZ ij FkkA blesa LFkkuh; lalk/kuksa ds vuqdwyre mi;ksx vkSj 
lwpuk] bysDVª‚fuDl vkSj tSo&VsDuksy‚th dks et+cwr djus ij 
38
uoacj 2022
Qksdl fd;k x;kA blds ckn 2003 vkSj 2013 dh uhfr;ksa 
ds eq[; /;s; dh ckr djsa rks ;s Øe'k% {kerkvksa ds dq'kyre 
mi;ksx vkSj buksos'ku ij dsafær gks x,A
blds ckn iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa dks ns[ksa rks ,slh igyh 
;kstuk esa ewy :i ls cqfu;knh rduhdh lqfo/kkvksa ds fodkl] 
ç;ksx'kkykvksa vkSj ,sls dsaæksa ds fodkl ij vf/kd cy fn;k 
x;kA vxj xzkeh.k fodkl ij dsafær igy dh ckr djsa rks 
bldh Bksl 'kq#vkr i‚¡poha ;kstuk ls gqbZA blesa —f"k ij 
[kklrkSj ls /;ku fn;k x;k rFkk —f"k jksxksa dh igpku o 
fu;a=.k] MªkbZ QkfeaZx vkSj ,sls gh vU; rduhdh igyqvksa ij t+ksj 
fn;k x;kA blh çdkj lkroha ;kstuk esa çkS|ksfxdh mUu;u ds 
ek/;e ls vUu mRikndrk dks c<+kus dk ç;kl fd;k x;k rks 
vkBoha ;kstuk esa foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh dks lkekftd&vkfFkZd 
fodkl ls lhèks rkSj ij tksM+ fn;k x;kA blh ;kstuk esa xzkeh.k 
fodkl ij lcls vfèkd cy fn;k x;k vkSj rduhd ds ek/;e 
ls xk¡oksa rd LoPN is;ty dh vkiwfrZ] LokLF; vkSj LoPNrk 
dks csgrj djus rFkk iks"k.k ls ysdj ÅtkZ t+:jrksa rd dks iwjk 
djus dh uhfr rS;kj dh xbZA blh /;s; dk foLrkj vkxs lHkh 
;kstukvksa esa gqvk vkSj fQj tc iapo"khZ; ;kstuk lekIr gqbZ rks 
orZeku ljdkj us vyx&vyx eapksa vkSj uhfr;ksa ds ek/;e ls 
foKku dks xzkeh.k vko';drkvksa ls lac) dj fn;kA
—f"k {ks= esa foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh
Hkkjr tSls fodkl'khy vkSj —f"k ç/kku vFkZO;oLFkk esa 
foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx u dsoy muds —f"k mRiknksa 
dks lrr :i ls c<+kus esa enn djsxk cfYd ns'k dh [kk| lqj{kk 
dks Hkh lqfuf'pr djus esa ennxkj lkfcr gksxkA Hkkjrh; —f"k 
ds lkeus tks eq[; pqukSrh gS] og gS fo'kky tula[;k dh rqyuk 
esa lalkèkuksa tSls Hkwfe] ty]iwath vkfn dh Hkkjh dehA blds 
vykok] de mRikndrk vkSj mit dh Hkkjh ekax bls vkSj xaHkhj 
cuk nsrh gSA 
,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj Qly mit dh ekax o"kZ 2000 
ds 192 fefy;u Vu dh rqyuk esa o"kZ 2030 rd 342 fefy;u 
Vu gks tkus dk vuqeku gS tcfd vxj ge fdlkuksa dh vkSlr 
Hkw&èkkfjrk dks ns[ksa rks vkt+knh ds ckn ls ;g fujarj ?kVrh gh 
tk jgh gSA o"kZ 1970 esa tgka ;g vk¡dM+k 2-30 gsDVs;j çfr 
fdlku Fkk rks o"kZ 2000 rd vkrs&vkrs ;g ?kVdj 1-32 gsDVs;j 
jg x;kA bruk gh ugha o"kZ 2020 rd ;g yxHkx vkèkk gksdj 
0-68 gsDVs;j gks x;k vkSj ,slk ekuk tk jgk gS fd o"kZ 2030 
rd ;g blds Hkh vk/ks ls de gksdj 0-32 gsDVs;j gks tk,xkA 
blds vykok] gesa ;g ckr vPNh rjg ls le> ysuh pkfg, fd 
geus viuh —f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe dk yxHkx laiw.kZ mi;ksx dj fy;k 
gS vkSj vc blesa dgha ls Hkh o`f) dh laHkkouk ugha gS cfYd 
orZeku fodkl dk;ksaZ dks ns[krs gq, rks ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS 
fd blesa vc deh gh vk,xhA 
^n us'kuy C;wjks vkWQ l‚;y ,aM ySaM] xouZesaV v‚Q bafM;k^ 
ds vuqlkj lu 1950&51 esa xSj&—f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe dk fgLlk tgka 
ek= 3 izfr'kr Fkk ogka orZeku esa ;g c<+dj yxHkx 11 izfr'kr 
gks pqdk gSA tcfd blh chp tula[;k o`f) rhu xquk ls Hkh 
T+;knk gks pqdh gSA ,sls esa gekjs ikl —f"k mRikndrk c<+kus ds 
vykok 'kk;n gh dksbZ vkSj fodYi 'ks"k cprk gS] vkSj ;gh og 
{ks= gS tgka foKku ,oa çkS|ksfxdh viuh vge Hkwfedk vnk dj 
ldrs gSaA
lcls igys Hkw&/kkfjrk dh deh dh leL;k ls fuiVus ds 
fy, gesa mu rduhdh uokpkjksa dh vko';drk gksxh tks ,slh 
fLFkfr;ksa ds vuqdwy gksA mnkgj.k ds fy, lh-,l-vkbZ-vkj- }kjk  
NksVs fdlkuksa ds fy, fodflr ,d yk[k —f"k 'kfä VªSDVj vFkok 
bu NksVs Hkw&Lokfe;ksa dks laLFkkxr :i ls mit vkiwfrZ Ük`a[kyk 
esa tksM+ nsukA blh rjg dh fLçadj vkSj fMªi flapkbZ tSlh uohu 
flapkbZ rduhdksa ds ek/;e ls tgka ty dh deh dh leL;k dks 
nwj fd;k tk ldrk gS ogha eksckby dE;qfuds'ku ;k o‚;l csLM 
d‚y lsaVj dh enn ls ekSle laca/kh lwpuk] v|ru mit ewY; 
vkSj Qly iSVuZ dh tkudkjh eqgS;k djkdj ckt+kj tksf[keksa vkSj 
tyok;q laca/kh pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVk tk ldrk gSA e`nk LokLF; 
dkMZ tSls oSKkfud rjhdksa ds ek/;e ls tgka vuqdwy moZjdksa 
vkSj dhVuk'kdksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS ogh thih,l 
vkSj rduhd vk/kkfjr chek lqfo/kk dh enn ls Qlyh uqdlku 
dk irk yxkdj mldh vklkuh ls HkjikbZ dh tk ldrh gSA 
dgus dk vFkZ ;g gS fd ,sls vusd rduhdh uokpkj gSa ftudh 
enn ls xzkeh.k —"kd vFkZO;oLFkk esa vkewypwy cnyko yk;k tk 
ldrk gSA gkyk¡fd uhfrxr Lrj ij vc lexzrk ls gh foKku 
LokfeRo ;kstuk
vkt xzkeh.k Hkkjr dks rduhd ls tksM+uk ,d t+:jh 
dne gS] vkSj bl rduhd ds ek/;e ls fodkl dh ubZ 
dgkuh fy[kuk mldh rkfdZd ifj.kfrA LokfeRo ;kstuk 
blh dM+h esa ,d igy gSA bl ;kstuk ds rgr xk¡o rFkk 
ogk¡ dh Hkwfe dk Mªksu ds ek/;e ls losZ{k.k fd;k tk jgk 
gSA ;g çfØ;k iwjh gks tkus ds ckn Hkwfe lR;kiu dk dk;Z 
vR;ar vklku gks tk,xkA blds ckn ftl Hkh Hkw[kaM ij 
,d ls vf/kd O;fä ekfydkuk gd dk nkok djsaxs] Mªksu 
losZ{k.k vkSj ljdkjh fjdkMZ ds feyku ls mldk vf/kÑr 
lR;kiu dj fn;k tk,xkA bldh lwpuk iksVZy ij Mky 
nh tk,xh tgk¡ ls lacaf/kr O;fä bl laifÙk vfèkdkj ds 
dkMZ dks çkIr dj ldrk gSA ;g iwjh çfØ;k Hkw&fjd‚MZ dks 
ikjn'khZ cuk,xhA
39
uoacj 2022
,oa çkS|ksfxdh dks fodkl ds ,d midj.k esa :i esa viuk;k 
tkrk gS fQj Hkh dqN ,sls ç;klksa dk ftØ djuk t+:jh gksxkA 
jk"Vªh; —f"k ckt+kj 
;g ,d vf[ky Hkkjrh; bysDVª‚fud O;kikj iksVZy gSA 
bldk mís'; —f"k mRiknksa ds fy, ,dh—r cktkj miyC/k 
djkuk gS rkfd fdlkuksa dks ekax&vkiwfrZ Ük`a[kyk dk loksZÙke ykHk 
fey ldsA blds rgr gt+kj ls vf/kd eafM;ksa dks tksM+k tk 
pqdk gSA dsaæ ljdkj dh bl ;kstuk dks ,xzh Vsd bUÝkLVªDpj 
QaM ¼AITF½ ls foÙkiks"k.k çkIr gksrk gSA bl igy us fuf'pr 
gh —f"k vk; dks c<+kus dk dk;Z fd;k gSA 
jk"Vªh; —f"k foLrkj vkSj çkS|ksfxdh fe'ku 
bl fe'ku dk mís'; —f"k dk;Z dks mUur vkSj uohu 
çkS|ksfxdh ls ySl djuk gSA blds fy, ;g laLFkkxr ç;kl dh 
ckr djrk gSA ;g Hkh dsaæ ljdkj dh ,d ;kstuk gS ftls —f"k 
çkS|ksfxdh çca/ku ,tsalh ¼ATMA½ ds çk;kstu esa çkjaHk fd;k 
x;k FkkA blds varxZr —f"k ;a=hdj.k mi fe'ku ¼SMAM½] 
cht ,oa ikS/kkjksi.k lkexzh ij mi fe'ku ¼SMSP½] ikS/k laj{k.k 
ij mi fe'ku ¼SMPP½ tSls vusd mife'ku lapkfyr gks jgs gSa 
ftudk mís'; Øe'k% y?kq ,oa lhekar fdlkuksa rd —f"k e'khuksa 
dks igq¡pkuk] xq.koÙkk;qä cht dk mRiknu vkSj vkiwfrZ rFkk tSo 
lqj{kk ds mik; djuk gSA
—f"k foKku dsaæ 
;s dsaæ Hkkjrh; —f"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn }kjk lapkfyr fd, 
tkrs gSaA bu dsaæksa ds ek/;e ls xzkeh.k ;qokvksa vkSj fdlkuksa ds 
dkS'ky fodkl çf'k{k.k ij cy fn;k tkrk gSA ;s dsaæ laiw.kZ 
—f"k çfØ;k esa uohure buiqV çnku djrs gSa vkSj jk"Vªh; —f"k 
vuqla/kku ç.kkyh ls tqM+dj tyok;q vuqdwy çkS|ksfxdh ls —f"k 
mRiknu dks tksM+rs gSaA
xzkeh.k LokLF; {ks= esa çkS|ksfxdh
Hkkjr ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds laca/k esa tc ge foKku vkSj 
çkS|ksfxdh dh ckr djrs gSa rks ge buls oSlk laca/k ugha tksM+ 
ikrs gSa tSlk ,d 'kgjh vkSj fodflr v/kkslajpuk okys {ks=ksa 
ds fy, tksM+ ldrs gSa fdarq tc ge tSfod [ksrh] v{k; ÅtkZ]
ck;ksVsDuksy‚th vkSj VsyhesfMflu vkfn dh ckrs djrs gSa rc 
;g laca/k dkQh Li"V gksdj gekjs lkeus mHkjrk gSA —f"k {ks= 
esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk fcYdqy Li"V gS fdarq ckr 
;fn LokLF; lsokvksa dh djsa rks ;g ,d ,slk {ks= gS ftles 
vkèkqfud foKku ,oa rduhd viuh egrh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrk 
gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd fpfdRlk lqfo/kkvksa dk vHkko xzkeh.k 
{ks=ksa ds fy, lcls cM+h leL;k gS vkSj ;g ,d ,slh vifjgk;Z 
vko';drk gS ftls Vkyk ugha tk ldrk gSA ,d cM+h la[;k 
esa xk¡oksa ls yksx csgrj fpfdRlk lqfo/kkvksa ds fy, 'kgjksa dh 
vksj iyk;u djrs gSa vkSj bl nkSjku mUgsa vusd leL;kvksa dk 
lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS vkSj bUgha leL;kvksa ds lek/kku esa foKku 
,oa çkS|ksfxdh dh mi;ksfxrk ns[kh tk ldrh gSA bl laca/k esa 
fofHkUu ljdkjh vkSj xSj&ljdkjh ç;kl fd, tk jgs gSa ftudk 
fooj.k uhps fn;k tk jgk gS%&
,e l[kh
;g iqjL—r eksckby Qksu ,si gS tks LokLF; dk;ZdrkZvksa dks 
Hkkjr ds nwjnjkt {ks=ksa esa ifjokjksa dks mPp&Lrjh; LokLF; lsok,a 
nsus esa enn djrk gSA blesa bysDVª‚fud :i ls LokLF; lacaèkh 
fjd‚MZ dks j[kk tkrk gS ftlds ek/;e ls LokLF; dk;ZdrkZ 
v|ru Vªsfuax vkSj lwpukvksa ls tqM+s jgrs gSaA
bruk gh ugha bl ,si ds }kjk vk'kk dk;ZdrkZ Hkh vius 
LekVZQksu dh enn ls vius dkS'ky dks csgrj cuk ldrs gSa vkSj 
LokLF; ls lacaf/kr egRoiw.kZ MkVk ds ckjs esa tkudkjh çkIr dj 
ldrs gSaA
fdydkjh ,si
bl ,si ds ek/;e ls le;c) :i esa fofHkUu ifjokjksa dks 
xHkkZoLFkk vkSj cPpksa dh ns[kHkky ls lacaf/kr 72 v‚fM;ks eSlst 
lkIrkfgd vk/kkj ij muds LekVZQksu ij fn, tkrs gSaA
eksckby vdkneh
;g ,d eq¶r v‚fM;ks Vªsfuax dkslZ gS tks [kkldj vk'kk 
dk;ZdrkZvksa ds fy, rS;kj fd;k x;k gS rkfd os vius laokn 
dkS'ky dks csgrj cuk ldsaA blds ek/;e ls vk'kk dk;ZdrkZ ?kj 
cSBs vkSj viuh lqfo/kkuqlkj le; dk p;u djrs gq, çf'k{k.k 
çkIr dj ldrh gSa tks yach nwjh dh mudh ;k=k dks de djus 
esa ennxkj lkfcr gksrk gSA
bZ&vLirky
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 'kq: dh xbZ ;g ,d v‚uykbu iathdj.k 
lsok gS ftlesa yksx jftLVªs'ku vkSj vi‚baVesaV cqfdax dj LokLF; 
fjiksVZ~l vkSj [kwu dh fofHkUu ljdkjh vLirkyksa esa miyC/krk 
vkfn v‚uykbu ek/;e ls gh ns[k ldrs gSaA rduhd ds ç;ksx 
dk ;g ç;kl oSls yksxksa ds fy, ojnku ls de ugha gS ftUgsa [kwu 
dh miyC/krk laca/kh lwpuk vkSj mls vius fy, vkjf{kr djokus 
ds fy, vyx&vyx vLirkyksa ds pDdj dkVus iM+rs FksA bl 
lsok ds ek/;e ls jksxh dks vius vk/kkj uacj dk lR;kiu dj 
lacaf/kr foHkkx vkSj vi‚baVesaV dh rkjh[k cqd djuh iM+rh gSA 
bl eap ds ek/;e ls vc vLirky Hkh iathdj.k vkSj vi‚baVesaV 
çfØ;k ij vklkuh ls fuxjkuh j[k ldrs gSaA
vueksy
vueksy ,si dk mís'; xzkeh.k {ks= dh efgykvksa vkSj cPpksa 
dks xq.koÙkkiw.kZ vkSj le;c) fpfdRlk lsok miyC/k djkuk gSA 
bl ,si esa fp=ksa vkSj ohfM;ks ds ek/;e ls cqfu;knh LokLF; 
ns[kHkky vkSj cpko ds lkFk&lkFk LoPNrk dks cjdjkj j[kus 
laca/kh reke ckrksa ds ckjs esa tkx:d vkSj f'kf{kr fd;k tkrk gSA
40
uoacj 2022
esjk vLirky
;g Hkkjr ljdkj ds LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=ky; 
dk ,d ç;kl gS ftlds ek/;e ls ljdkjh vLirkyksa esa bykt 
djok pqds jksfx;ksa dks ,l,e,l vkSj osciksVZy vkfn ds ek/;e 
ls QhMcSd nsus ds fy, dgk tkrk gSA bl QhMcSd dk ,d=.k 
vkSj fo'ys"k.k dj LokLF; laca/kh lsokvksa dks vkSj csgrj cukus 
dk ç;kl fd;k tkrk gSA
blds vykok ,e&LokLF;] enj] bZ&eerk] bZ&vkS"kf/k] 
lathouh tSls vU; ç;kl Hkh LokLF; lacaèkh lsokvksa dks fujarj 
csgrj cukus dk dke dj jgs gSaA bl rjg ge ns[k ldrs gSa fd 
osc iksVZy] lks'ky ehfM;k] fo'ks"kK ç.kkyh] bZ&yfuaZx] eksckby 
,si] fMftVy ohfM;ks] lkeqnkf;d jsfM;ks vkfn uohu rduhdh 
i)fr;ksa us xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa thou dks dkQh vklku vkSj csgrj 
cukus dk dk;Z fd;k gSA 
fMftVy Hkkjr vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl
dsaæ ljdkj us 2015 esa fMftVy bafM;k dk;ZØe dh 
'kq#vkr dhA ;g dk;ZØe ^ifjorZu dks l{ke cukus ds fy, 
çkS|ksfxdh dks dsaæh; cukuk^ ds n'kZu ls 'kq: gqvk FkkA ;g n'kZu 
bl :i esa vkxs c<+uk Fkk fd Hkkjr Kku dh nqfu;k ds lkFk 
Bhd ls lek;kstu dj ldsA bls ewrZ :i çnku djus ds fy, 
ljdkj us ukS vk/kkj LrEHk&cz‚McSaM gkbZos] eksckby dusfDVfoVh 
ds fy, lkoZHkkSfed igq¡p] ifCyd baVjusV ,Dlsl dk;ZØe] 
bZ&xousaZl ds ek/;e ls ljdkj esa lq/kkj] lsokvksa dh bysDVª‚fud 
fMyhojh] lHkh ds fy, lwpuk] bysDVªkWfuDl fofuekZ.k] ukSdfj;ksa 
ds fy, vkbZVh vkSj vyhZ gkosZLV dk;ZØe rS;kj fd,A bu lHkh 
dkjdksa dh lgk;rk ls ljdkj rhu eq[; mís';ksa&ukxfjdksa ds 
fy, mi;ksxh volajpuk fufeZr djuk] ekax vkèkkfjr lsokvksa dks 
miyC/k djkus vkSj ukxfjdksa ds fMftVy l'kähdj.k dks lkèkus 
dh dksf'k'k dj jgh FkhA bl çdkj] lHkh iapk;rksa rd mPp xfr 
dk baVjusV igq¡pkuk] fMftVy igpku ij cy nsuk] eksckby dh 
lgk;rk ls foÙkh; {ks= esa fMftVy l{kerk çnku djuk rFkk 
d‚eu lfoZl lsaVj [kksyus ds ek/;e ls ,d mi;ksxh volajpuk 
fodkl ij cy fn;k x;kA lkFk gh] ;wfuolZy fMftVy lk{kjrk] 
ljdkjh nLrkost+ksa ds DykmM laxzg.k dh lqfo/kk] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa 
esa fMftVy lsokvksa dh miyC/krk ds ek/;e ls ukxfjdksa dks 
fMftVy :i ls l'kä cukus dk y{; j[kk x;kA
ljdkj us 'kgj vkSj xk¡o ds chp dh nwjh dks de djus 
ds fy, fMftVyhdj.k dk jkLrk viuk;kA blds rgr xzkeh.k 
Hkkjr ds cgqvk;keh fodkl dks yf{kr fd;k x;kA bl çdkj 
viukbZ xbZ dqN igyksa dh ppkZ djsa rks lHkh xk¡oksa esa 3th] 4th 
vkSj 5 th baVjusV lsok dks miyC/k djkus ds lkFk gh çR;sd 
xzke iapk;r dks v‚fIVdy Qkbcj ds ek/;e ls cz‚McSaM gkbZos ls 
tksM+uk çkjaHk fd;k x;kA oSls ukxfjd tks eksckby ds mi;ksx 
dks ysdj cgqr lgt ugha Fks] muds fy, çR;sd xzke iapk;r 
esa ^lkekU; lsok dsaæ^ [kksyuk r; gqvk rkfd mUgsa Hkh ljdkjh 
lqfoèkkvksa dk ykHk lgh le; ij vkSj iwjh ikjnf'kZrk ls fey 
ldsA 
blh Øe esa ns[ksa rks ^bZ&Økafr^ ds ek/;e ls yxHkx 41 
uokpkj 'kq: fd, x, ftuesa vf/kdka'k lh/ks xzkeh.k Hkkjr dks 
ykHk igq¡pkrs FksA lcls igys blds rgr bZ&,tqds'ku ds ek/;e 
ls loZf'k{kk ds y{; dks lk/kus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZA Ldwy 
,oa d‚yst dks baVjusV ls tksM+us dh igy 'kq: dh xbZ rkfd 
fMftVy lk{kjrk ds jkLrs ij vkxs c<+k tk ldsA blds vykok] 
fMftVy lk{kjrk dh ;kstuk ns'kHkj esa 52-5 yk[k yksxksa dks 
çf'k{k.k nsus ds fy, pykbZ tk jgh gS] ftlds rgr ns'kHkj esa 
lHkh jkT;ksa@dsaæ'kkflr {ks=ksa esa vf/k—r jk'ku Mhyjksa lfgr 
vk¡xuokM+h vkSj vk'kk dk;ZdrkZvksa dks lkekU; lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh 
dk Kku vkSj çf'k{k.k fn;k tkrk gSA fdlkuksa dks Bhd le; ij 
dherksa dh tkudkjh gks lds vkSj eksckby cSafdax ds ek/;e ls 
yksu vkfn dh lqfo/kk fey lds] bldh Hkh O;oLFkk dh xbZA lkFk 
gh] fMftVy xzhu tSls mik;ksa ds ek/;e ls fdlkuksa dks —f"k 
fo'ks"kKksa ls lh/ks ckr djus dk volj feykA buls oks csgrj 
—f"k djus esa leFkZ gq,A
,sls xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa] tgk¡ HkkSfrd foÙkh; volajpuk vPNh 
ugha Fkh] ogk¡ fMftVy lqfo/kk ds ek/;e ls yksxksa dks vkSipkfjd 
foÙkh; O;oLFkk ls tksM+k x;kA blls u dsoy u, m|eksa ds 
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FAQs on Kurukshetra Magazine November 2022 - 3 (Hindi) - Monthly Yojana & Kurukshetra Magazine in Hindi - UPSC

1. कुरुक्षेत्र पत्रिका का उपयोग किस परीक्षा के लिए किया जा सकता है?
Ans. कुरुक्षेत्र पत्रिका का उपयोग UPSC परीक्षा की तैयारी के लिए किया जा सकता है।
2. नवम्बर 2022 की कुरुक्षेत्र पत्रिका के विषय में क्या है?
Ans. नवम्बर 2022 की कुरुक्षेत्र पत्रिका में विभिन्न विषयों पर लेख शामिल हैं, जैसे समाजशास्त्र, राजनीति, आर्थिक विकास, किसानों की समस्याएं आदि।
3. कुरुक्षेत्र पत्रिका के लेखों को कैसे खोलें?
Ans. कुरुक्षेत्र पत्रिका के लेखों को आप इंटरनेट के माध्यम से खोल सकते हैं। उन्हें डाउनलोड भी किया जा सकता है।
4. कुरुक्षेत्र पत्रिका में कितने लेख शामिल हैं?
Ans. कुरुक्षेत्र पत्रिका में अक्टूबर 2022 के लिए लगभग 10 लेख शामिल हैं।
5. कुरुक्षेत्र पत्रिका का उपयोग किस भाषा में किया जा सकता है?
Ans. कुरुक्षेत्र पत्रिका का उपयोग हिंदी भाषा में किया जा सकता है।
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