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FAQs on Short Notes: Boundary Layer - Short Notes for Mechanical Engineering

1. What is the boundary layer in fluid mechanics?
Ans. The boundary layer in fluid mechanics refers to the thin layer of fluid that forms near a solid surface where the fluid velocity is significantly affected by the presence of the surface. It is characterized by a gradual transition from the influence of the solid surface to the bulk flow of the fluid.
2. Why is the study of boundary layer important in aerodynamics?
Ans. The study of boundary layer is important in aerodynamics as it helps in understanding the flow behavior near solid surfaces, such as aircraft wings or bodies. It provides insights into the drag forces acting on the surface, heat transfer characteristics, and flow separation phenomena, which are crucial for designing efficient and safe aircraft.
3. What are the types of boundary layers?
Ans. There are two main types of boundary layers: laminar and turbulent. In a laminar boundary layer, the fluid particles move in smooth layers parallel to the surface. In a turbulent boundary layer, the fluid particles exhibit chaotic motion with random fluctuations in velocity and pressure.
4. How does the boundary layer affect drag on an object?
Ans. The boundary layer significantly influences the drag on an object. In a laminar boundary layer, the drag is relatively low due to the smooth flow near the surface. However, as the boundary layer transitions to a turbulent state, the drag increases significantly due to the increased mixing and momentum transfer between the fluid layers.
5. What are the factors that affect the thickness of the boundary layer?
Ans. The thickness of the boundary layer is influenced by several factors, including the viscosity of the fluid, the velocity of the flow, and the roughness of the surface. Higher viscosity or slower flow results in thicker boundary layers, while rough surfaces can cause the boundary layer to become thicker and more turbulent.

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