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 Page 1


 
 
 
 
 
 
Impedance Parameters 
1 11 1 12 2
V Z I Z I ??
 
2 21 1 22 2
V Z I Z I ??
 
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
1 11 12 1
2 21 22 2
VZ
In matrix form 
ZI
I
  
V Z Z
 
 
?
??
2
1
11
1
I0
V
Z
I
 open circuit input impedance 
?
??
1
1
12
2
I0
V
Z
I
 open circuit transfer impedance form part 1 to part 2 
?
??
2
2
21
1
I0
V
Z
I
 open circuit transfer impedance form part 2 to part 1. 
?
??
1
2
22
2
I0
V
Z
I
 open circuit output impedance 
 
Admittance parameters 
1 11 1 12 2
I y V y V ??
 
2 21 1 22 2
I y V y V ??
 
In matrix form,  
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
1 11 12 1
2 21 22 2
I y y V
I y y V
 
?
?
2
1
11
1
V0
I
y
V
 = short circuit input admittance. 
?
?
1
1
12
2
V0
I
y
V
 = short circuit transfer admittance from part 1 to part 2. 
 
Page 2


 
 
 
 
 
 
Impedance Parameters 
1 11 1 12 2
V Z I Z I ??
 
2 21 1 22 2
V Z I Z I ??
 
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
1 11 12 1
2 21 22 2
VZ
In matrix form 
ZI
I
  
V Z Z
 
 
?
??
2
1
11
1
I0
V
Z
I
 open circuit input impedance 
?
??
1
1
12
2
I0
V
Z
I
 open circuit transfer impedance form part 1 to part 2 
?
??
2
2
21
1
I0
V
Z
I
 open circuit transfer impedance form part 2 to part 1. 
?
??
1
2
22
2
I0
V
Z
I
 open circuit output impedance 
 
Admittance parameters 
1 11 1 12 2
I y V y V ??
 
2 21 1 22 2
I y V y V ??
 
In matrix form,  
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
1 11 12 1
2 21 22 2
I y y V
I y y V
 
?
?
2
1
11
1
V0
I
y
V
 = short circuit input admittance. 
?
?
1
1
12
2
V0
I
y
V
 = short circuit transfer admittance from part 1 to part 2. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
?
?
2
2
21
1
V0
I
y
V
 = short circuit transfer admittance from part 2 to part 1. 
?
?
1
2
22
2
V0
I
y
V
 = short circuit output admittance. 
1
11 12 11 12
21 22 21 22
y y Z Z
y y Z Z
?
? ? ? ?
?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
 
Hybrid parameters 
1 11 1 12 2
V h I h V ??
 
2 21 1 22 2
I h I h V ??
 
In matrix form, 
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
1 11 12 1
2 21 22 2
V h h I
I h h V
 
?
?
2
1
11
1
V0
V
h
I
 = short circuit input impedance. 
?
?
1
1
12
2
I0
V
h
V
 = open circuit reverse voltage gain. 
?
?
2
2
21
1
V0
I
h
I
 = short circuit forward current gain. 
?
?
1
2
22
2
I0
I
h
V
 = open circuit output admittance. 
Inverse hybrid parameters 
 
 
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
1 11 12 1
2 21 22 2
I g g V
V g g I
 
 
1
11 12 11 12
21 22 21 22
g g h h
g g h h
?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
 
Page 3


 
 
 
 
 
 
Impedance Parameters 
1 11 1 12 2
V Z I Z I ??
 
2 21 1 22 2
V Z I Z I ??
 
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
1 11 12 1
2 21 22 2
VZ
In matrix form 
ZI
I
  
V Z Z
 
 
?
??
2
1
11
1
I0
V
Z
I
 open circuit input impedance 
?
??
1
1
12
2
I0
V
Z
I
 open circuit transfer impedance form part 1 to part 2 
?
??
2
2
21
1
I0
V
Z
I
 open circuit transfer impedance form part 2 to part 1. 
?
??
1
2
22
2
I0
V
Z
I
 open circuit output impedance 
 
Admittance parameters 
1 11 1 12 2
I y V y V ??
 
2 21 1 22 2
I y V y V ??
 
In matrix form,  
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
1 11 12 1
2 21 22 2
I y y V
I y y V
 
?
?
2
1
11
1
V0
I
y
V
 = short circuit input admittance. 
?
?
1
1
12
2
V0
I
y
V
 = short circuit transfer admittance from part 1 to part 2. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
?
?
2
2
21
1
V0
I
y
V
 = short circuit transfer admittance from part 2 to part 1. 
?
?
1
2
22
2
V0
I
y
V
 = short circuit output admittance. 
1
11 12 11 12
21 22 21 22
y y Z Z
y y Z Z
?
? ? ? ?
?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
 
Hybrid parameters 
1 11 1 12 2
V h I h V ??
 
2 21 1 22 2
I h I h V ??
 
In matrix form, 
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
1 11 12 1
2 21 22 2
V h h I
I h h V
 
?
?
2
1
11
1
V0
V
h
I
 = short circuit input impedance. 
?
?
1
1
12
2
I0
V
h
V
 = open circuit reverse voltage gain. 
?
?
2
2
21
1
V0
I
h
I
 = short circuit forward current gain. 
?
?
1
2
22
2
I0
I
h
V
 = open circuit output admittance. 
Inverse hybrid parameters 
 
 
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
1 11 12 1
2 21 22 2
I g g V
V g g I
 
 
1
11 12 11 12
21 22 21 22
g g h h
g g h h
?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transmission parameters 
1 2 2
V AV BI ??
 
1 2 2
I CV DI ??
 
12
12
V A B V
I C D I
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
 
 
?
?
2
1
2
I0
V
A
V
 = open circuits voltage ratio 
 
?
?
?
2
1
2
V0
V
B
I
 = negative short circuit transfer impedance. 
 
?
?
2
1
2
I0
I
C
V
 = open circuit transfer admittance. 
 
?
??
2
1
2
V0
I
D
I
 = negative short circuit current ratio. 
Symmetrical & Reciprocal N/w 
For a reciprocal 2-part Network: 
 ?
12 21
ZZ 
 ?
12 21
YY 
 ??
12 21
hh 
 
AD BC 1 ??
 
 ??
12 21
gg 
For a symmetric 2-part network: 
 ?
11 22
ZZ 
 ?
11 22
YY 
 ??
11 22 21 12
h h h h 1 
 A = D 
 ??
11 22 21 12
g g g g 1 
 
 
Page 4


 
 
 
 
 
 
Impedance Parameters 
1 11 1 12 2
V Z I Z I ??
 
2 21 1 22 2
V Z I Z I ??
 
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
1 11 12 1
2 21 22 2
VZ
In matrix form 
ZI
I
  
V Z Z
 
 
?
??
2
1
11
1
I0
V
Z
I
 open circuit input impedance 
?
??
1
1
12
2
I0
V
Z
I
 open circuit transfer impedance form part 1 to part 2 
?
??
2
2
21
1
I0
V
Z
I
 open circuit transfer impedance form part 2 to part 1. 
?
??
1
2
22
2
I0
V
Z
I
 open circuit output impedance 
 
Admittance parameters 
1 11 1 12 2
I y V y V ??
 
2 21 1 22 2
I y V y V ??
 
In matrix form,  
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
1 11 12 1
2 21 22 2
I y y V
I y y V
 
?
?
2
1
11
1
V0
I
y
V
 = short circuit input admittance. 
?
?
1
1
12
2
V0
I
y
V
 = short circuit transfer admittance from part 1 to part 2. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
?
?
2
2
21
1
V0
I
y
V
 = short circuit transfer admittance from part 2 to part 1. 
?
?
1
2
22
2
V0
I
y
V
 = short circuit output admittance. 
1
11 12 11 12
21 22 21 22
y y Z Z
y y Z Z
?
? ? ? ?
?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
 
Hybrid parameters 
1 11 1 12 2
V h I h V ??
 
2 21 1 22 2
I h I h V ??
 
In matrix form, 
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
1 11 12 1
2 21 22 2
V h h I
I h h V
 
?
?
2
1
11
1
V0
V
h
I
 = short circuit input impedance. 
?
?
1
1
12
2
I0
V
h
V
 = open circuit reverse voltage gain. 
?
?
2
2
21
1
V0
I
h
I
 = short circuit forward current gain. 
?
?
1
2
22
2
I0
I
h
V
 = open circuit output admittance. 
Inverse hybrid parameters 
 
 
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
1 11 12 1
2 21 22 2
I g g V
V g g I
 
 
1
11 12 11 12
21 22 21 22
g g h h
g g h h
?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transmission parameters 
1 2 2
V AV BI ??
 
1 2 2
I CV DI ??
 
12
12
V A B V
I C D I
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
 
 
?
?
2
1
2
I0
V
A
V
 = open circuits voltage ratio 
 
?
?
?
2
1
2
V0
V
B
I
 = negative short circuit transfer impedance. 
 
?
?
2
1
2
I0
I
C
V
 = open circuit transfer admittance. 
 
?
??
2
1
2
V0
I
D
I
 = negative short circuit current ratio. 
Symmetrical & Reciprocal N/w 
For a reciprocal 2-part Network: 
 ?
12 21
ZZ 
 ?
12 21
YY 
 ??
12 21
hh 
 
AD BC 1 ??
 
 ??
12 21
gg 
For a symmetric 2-part network: 
 ?
11 22
ZZ 
 ?
11 22
YY 
 ??
11 22 21 12
h h h h 1 
 A = D 
 ??
11 22 21 12
g g g g 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interconnection of 2-part networks 
? For a series connection of two networks 
ab
N & N having z-parameters metric ? ? ? ?
ab
Z & Z
 
??
?? ??
?? ??
??
??
eq a b
Z Z Z 
Z – Parameter matrices are added. 
 
? For a parallel connection of two networks 
ab
N &N having y-parameter matrices ? ? ? ?
ao
y & y
 
? ? ? ?
eq a b
y y y ????
??
 
Y – Parameter matrices are added. 
 
? For a cascade connection of two networks 
ab
N &N having transmission parameters matrices 
? ? ? ?
ab
T & T
 
? ? ? ?
eq a b
T T T ?? ?
??
 
Transmission parameter matrices are multiplied. 
 
  
  
  
 
 
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