Yojana Magazine May 2023 - 3 (Hindi) | Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

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47 ?? 2023
5?? ??? ???  
????? ??????? ?? ?????????? 
?? ???? ?????
???????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ? ? ???? ???????? 
?-???? sameer.patil@orfonline.org
th ;kuh eksckby usVodZ dh ik¡poha ih<+h] csrkj 
lapkj dk uohure oSf'od ekunaM gSA izR;sd o"kZ 
ckn] eksckby lapkj dh ,d ubZ ih<+h vkrh gS tks 
1th] 2th] 3th] 4th usVodZ bR;kfn osQ uke ls tkuh xbZA gj 
ubZ ih<+h vius lkFk MkVk dh ek=kk vkSj xfr c<+krh jgh vkSj 
çs"k.k vFkok çkfIr dk le; ?kVkrh xbZ& ;kuh MkVk Vªkali+Qj 
vkSj MkmuyksM esa le; de gksrk x;kA vk'kk gS fd 5th ls 
vkSlr MkVk nj 100 esxkfcV~l çfr lsd.M gksxh vkSj ;g 
c<+dj 20 xSxkfcV~l çfr lSd.M gks ldrh gSA bruh rhoz xfr 
gksus ls le;&foyEcrk nj vkSj ?kVsxh rFkk bl çdkj eksckby 
MkVk lapkj esa vfèkd fo'oluh;rk lqfuf'pr gksxhA
ge baVjusV ij lkexzh dk lapkj vkSj miHkksx ftl 
çdkj djrs gSa mlesa 5th dh vfr&rhoz xfr okLro esa 
Økafrdkjh cnyko yk ldrh gSA 5th usVodZ 'kq: gksus dk 
lokZfèkd è;ku nsus ;ksX; çHkko] mÂr eksckby lsok esa ns•us 
dks feykA
1
 blosQ ckn rks ;g vc èkhjs&èkhjs f'k{kk çkS|ksfxdh 
(,MVsd) Lok;Ùk vkSj jksckWfVd ç.kkfy;ksa] VsyhesfMflu vkSj 
lVhd Ñf"k (fçlkbt+ ,xzhdYpj) dks çHkkfor djsxkA ;gh 
ge ftl çdkj ls baVjusV ij lkexzh dk lapkj vkSj miHkksx djrs gSa mls ns•rs gq, 5th dh 
vfr&rhoz xfr ls okLro esa Økafrdkjh cnyko gks ldrs gSaA Hkkjr esa vDrwcj 2022 esa 5th 
lsok,a vkjEHk gqb± Fkha vkSj bu fnuksa nwjlapkj dEifu;k¡ oqQN pqus gq, 'kgjksa esa bldh lsok,a 
ns jgh gSaA ns'k esa 2024 osQ vUr rd 15 djksM+ ls vfèkd 5th mi;ksDrk gksus dk vuqeku gS 
tks ekStwnk 1 vjc 20 djksM+ eksckby i+Qksu mi;ksDrkvksa dk ,d NksVk&lk va'k gSA gky esa 
c<+s lkbcj geyksa vkSj 'k=kq ns'kksa rFkk •+rjk iSnk djus okys vU; dkjdksa }kjk MkVk pksjh ;k 
lsaèkekjh osQ ihNs Hkw&jktuhfrd çfr}fU}rk] okf.kfT;d mís'; vkSj MkVk lap;u tSls ekSfyd 
dkj.k gSaA blfy, ;g 5th usVodZ osQ fy, Hkh •+rjk iSnk djsaxsA buesa egRoiw.kZ jk‘ªh; 
cqfu;knh <k¡ps dks fu'kkuk cukus okyksa dh ;g ço`fÙk c<+h gSA 
5
nwjlapkj {ks=k
iQksdl
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47 ?? 2023
5?? ??? ???  
????? ??????? ?? ?????????? 
?? ???? ?????
???????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ? ? ???? ???????? 
?-???? sameer.patil@orfonline.org
th ;kuh eksckby usVodZ dh ik¡poha ih<+h] csrkj 
lapkj dk uohure oSf'od ekunaM gSA izR;sd o"kZ 
ckn] eksckby lapkj dh ,d ubZ ih<+h vkrh gS tks 
1th] 2th] 3th] 4th usVodZ bR;kfn osQ uke ls tkuh xbZA gj 
ubZ ih<+h vius lkFk MkVk dh ek=kk vkSj xfr c<+krh jgh vkSj 
çs"k.k vFkok çkfIr dk le; ?kVkrh xbZ& ;kuh MkVk Vªkali+Qj 
vkSj MkmuyksM esa le; de gksrk x;kA vk'kk gS fd 5th ls 
vkSlr MkVk nj 100 esxkfcV~l çfr lsd.M gksxh vkSj ;g 
c<+dj 20 xSxkfcV~l çfr lSd.M gks ldrh gSA bruh rhoz xfr 
gksus ls le;&foyEcrk nj vkSj ?kVsxh rFkk bl çdkj eksckby 
MkVk lapkj esa vfèkd fo'oluh;rk lqfuf'pr gksxhA
ge baVjusV ij lkexzh dk lapkj vkSj miHkksx ftl 
çdkj djrs gSa mlesa 5th dh vfr&rhoz xfr okLro esa 
Økafrdkjh cnyko yk ldrh gSA 5th usVodZ 'kq: gksus dk 
lokZfèkd è;ku nsus ;ksX; çHkko] mÂr eksckby lsok esa ns•us 
dks feykA
1
 blosQ ckn rks ;g vc èkhjs&èkhjs f'k{kk çkS|ksfxdh 
(,MVsd) Lok;Ùk vkSj jksckWfVd ç.kkfy;ksa] VsyhesfMflu vkSj 
lVhd Ñf"k (fçlkbt+ ,xzhdYpj) dks çHkkfor djsxkA ;gh 
ge ftl çdkj ls baVjusV ij lkexzh dk lapkj vkSj miHkksx djrs gSa mls ns•rs gq, 5th dh 
vfr&rhoz xfr ls okLro esa Økafrdkjh cnyko gks ldrs gSaA Hkkjr esa vDrwcj 2022 esa 5th 
lsok,a vkjEHk gqb± Fkha vkSj bu fnuksa nwjlapkj dEifu;k¡ oqQN pqus gq, 'kgjksa esa bldh lsok,a 
ns jgh gSaA ns'k esa 2024 osQ vUr rd 15 djksM+ ls vfèkd 5th mi;ksDrk gksus dk vuqeku gS 
tks ekStwnk 1 vjc 20 djksM+ eksckby i+Qksu mi;ksDrkvksa dk ,d NksVk&lk va'k gSA gky esa 
c<+s lkbcj geyksa vkSj 'k=kq ns'kksa rFkk •+rjk iSnk djus okys vU; dkjdksa }kjk MkVk pksjh ;k 
lsaèkekjh osQ ihNs Hkw&jktuhfrd çfr}fU}rk] okf.kfT;d mís'; vkSj MkVk lap;u tSls ekSfyd 
dkj.k gSaA blfy, ;g 5th usVodZ osQ fy, Hkh •+rjk iSnk djsaxsA buesa egRoiw.kZ jk‘ªh; 
cqfu;knh <k¡ps dks fu'kkuk cukus okyksa dh ;g ço`fÙk c<+h gSA 
5
nwjlapkj {ks=k
iQksdl
48 ?? 2023
ugha] 5th baVjusV vkWi+Q fFkaXl (vkbZvksVh) çkS|ksfxfd;ksa 
vkSj dusDVsM midj.kksa osQ ykHk Hkh lkeus yk;sxkA rhoz 
xfr vkSj vYi&foyEcrk dusDVsM midj.kksa dks okLrfod 
le; esa laokn djus esa l{ke djsxh] tks csgrj vkSj vfèkd 
fo'oluh; dk;Z{kerk gksxhA blls ?kjsyw mís';ksa (tSls 
vkbZvksVh&l{ke LekVZ gkse) vkSj vkS|ksfxd {ks=k (tSls&LekVZ 
dkj•kus vkSj Lopkfyr fofuekZ.k) dks ykHk gksxkA ,d 
vè;;u osQ vuqlkj 2035 rd 5th dh cnkSyr oSf'od 
vkfFkZd mRiknu 13 •jc 20 vjc vejhdh MkWyj gks 
losQxk vkSj 22 djksM+ 30 yk• ukSdfj;ksa dh enn nsxkA
2
 
Hkkjr esa 5th lsok vDrwcj 2022 esa vkjEHk gqbZ vkSj 
nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa us fnYyh] eqEcbZ] csaxyq# vkSj dksydkrk 
tSls pqus gq, 'kgjksa esa bldh lsok nsuk 'kq: dj fn;kA ns'k 
esa 2024 osQ var rd 15 djksM+ mi;ksDrk gksus dk vuqeku 
gS tks eksckby iQksu dk bLrseky djus okyh ,d vjc chl 
djksM+ dh vkcknh dk va'kek=k gSA ysfdu nwljh vkSj rhljh 
Js.kh osQ 'kgjksa esa ,d ckj 5th usVodZ vkjEHk gksus osQ ckn] 
;g la[;k dki+Qh c<+ ldrh gSA 
5th dh Hkw&jktuhfr
gekjs fMftVy Hkfo"; dks çHkkfor djus vkSj vkfFkZd 
ifjorZu ykus dh bldh {kerk dks ns•rs gq,] dksbZ vk'p;Z 
ugha gS fd vxz.kh rduhdh 'kfDr;ksa us 5th çkS|ksfxdh esa 
^i+QLVZ ewoj* ykHk çkIr djus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA gkyk¡fd] 
nqfu;k dh vxz.kh nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa us 5th çkS|ksfxdh 
fodflr djus dk chM+k mBk;k] ysfdu vlyh cy phuh 
nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa us Mkyk tks çkS|ksfxdh dk O;kolk;hdj.k 
vkSj bls vius çfrLifèkZ;ksa dh rqyuk esa lLrh njksa ij is'k 
djosQ u;s ckt+kjksa esa vkØked :i ls ços'k dj jgh gSaA 
blls ;g fpUrk iSnk gks xbZ fd phu j.kuhfrd :i ls bu 
dEifu;ksa dks oSf'od ckt+kjksa ij dCt+k djus osQ fy, çsfjr 
djosQ tklwlh dk ,d fo'kky ra=k LFkkfir dj ldrk gSA
,slh Hkh vk'kadk,a gSa fd phu viuh nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa 
dks miHkksDrkvksa dh lwpuk,a ljdkj osQ lkFk lk>k djus dks 
etcwj djosQ] 5th çkS|ksfxdh dks viuk gfFk;kj cuk ldrk 
gS ;k dEifu;ksa dks Hkw&jktuhfrd mFky&iqFky osQ le; 5th 
usVodZ cUn djus rd osQ fy, etcwj dj ldrk gSA
3
 dbZ 
ns'kksa esa lkbcj tklwlh dh ?kVukvksa vkSj vkjksiksa esa dbZ phuh 
nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa dk uke vkus osQ ckn ls bu fpUrkvksa dks 
cy gh feyk gSA
4
 mnkgj.kkFkZ& vxLr 2020 esa vkWLVªsfy;kbZ 
ljdkj vkSj ikiqvk U;w fxuh osQ jkԻh; lkbcj lqj{kk osQUnz 
dh ,d fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k fd ,d phuh nwjlapkj dEiuh 
ftlus ikiqvk U;w fxuh dk jk‘ªh; MkVk osQUæ cuk;k Fkk] mlesa 
lkbcj lqj{kk lEcUèkh vusd eqís ik;s x;s ftlus ljdkj dk 
xksiuh; MkVk mtkxj dj fn;kA blh rjg 2019 esa] brkyoh 
nwjlapkj usVodZ osQ fy, blh phuh dEiuh osQ yxk, 
midj.kksa esa dbZ rjg dh dfe;k¡ ikbZ xb±A bu mnkgj.kksa us 
phuh nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa osQ midj.kksa dh lqj{kk] miyCèkrk 
vkSj fo'oluh;rk ij lUnsg iSnk fd;k gS& dbZ fo'ks"kKksa 
dk ekuuk gS fd ,slh fpUrk,¡ 5th Mksesu esa vkSj c<+saxh ghA 
ifj.kkeo'k] fiNys oqQN o"kks± ls vejhdk us 5th ckt+kj 
esa phuh nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa osQ çHkqRo dk eqd+kcyk djus 
dk vfHk;ku 'kq: fd;k gSA vejhdh ljdkj us gqvkosbZ vkSj 
t+SMVhbZ dks jk‘ªh; lqj{kk osQ fy;s •+rjk crk fn;k
5
] vejhdh 
dEifu;ksa dks buosQ midj.k •+jhnus esa ljdkjh lfClMh dk 
mi;ksx djus ij çfrcaèk yxk fn;k] vkSj ,d fof'k‘ ykblsal 
osQ fcuk gqvkosbZ dEiuh dks lsehoaQMDVj fpIl cspus ij 
Hkh çfrcUèk yxk fn;kA gky esa] uoEcj 2022 esa ,d vkSj 
O;kid dkjZokbZ djrs gq, vejhdk us phu dh ik¡p dEifu;ksa 
osQ lapkj osQ u;s midj.k cspus vkSj mudk vk;kr djus 
jkԻh; fodkl vkSj vkfFkZd fodkl esa 5th 
dh lEHkkfor Hkwfedk dks ns•rs gq, bls 
fu%lansg ,d egRoiw.kZ cqfu;knh <k¡pk ekuk 
tk ldrk gSA blfy, 5th lapkj usVodZ] 
rksM+iQksM+ lfgr lkbcj geyksa dk ,d vge 
fu'kkuk gksxkA
5th  
osQ fy;s ,d 
lqn`<+ bdksflLVe 
dk fuekZ.k
nwjlapkj vkSj usVofd±x mRiknksa osQ fy;s 
ih,yvkbZ Ldhe 42 dEifu;ksa rd c<+kbZ xbZ
fMt+kbu vkèkkfjr fofuekZ.k ij 
fo'ks"k cy
4]115 djksM+ #i;s dk ifjO;;
44]000 u;s jkst+xkj dk l`tu
Page 3


47 ?? 2023
5?? ??? ???  
????? ??????? ?? ?????????? 
?? ???? ?????
???????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ? ? ???? ???????? 
?-???? sameer.patil@orfonline.org
th ;kuh eksckby usVodZ dh ik¡poha ih<+h] csrkj 
lapkj dk uohure oSf'od ekunaM gSA izR;sd o"kZ 
ckn] eksckby lapkj dh ,d ubZ ih<+h vkrh gS tks 
1th] 2th] 3th] 4th usVodZ bR;kfn osQ uke ls tkuh xbZA gj 
ubZ ih<+h vius lkFk MkVk dh ek=kk vkSj xfr c<+krh jgh vkSj 
çs"k.k vFkok çkfIr dk le; ?kVkrh xbZ& ;kuh MkVk Vªkali+Qj 
vkSj MkmuyksM esa le; de gksrk x;kA vk'kk gS fd 5th ls 
vkSlr MkVk nj 100 esxkfcV~l çfr lsd.M gksxh vkSj ;g 
c<+dj 20 xSxkfcV~l çfr lSd.M gks ldrh gSA bruh rhoz xfr 
gksus ls le;&foyEcrk nj vkSj ?kVsxh rFkk bl çdkj eksckby 
MkVk lapkj esa vfèkd fo'oluh;rk lqfuf'pr gksxhA
ge baVjusV ij lkexzh dk lapkj vkSj miHkksx ftl 
çdkj djrs gSa mlesa 5th dh vfr&rhoz xfr okLro esa 
Økafrdkjh cnyko yk ldrh gSA 5th usVodZ 'kq: gksus dk 
lokZfèkd è;ku nsus ;ksX; çHkko] mÂr eksckby lsok esa ns•us 
dks feykA
1
 blosQ ckn rks ;g vc èkhjs&èkhjs f'k{kk çkS|ksfxdh 
(,MVsd) Lok;Ùk vkSj jksckWfVd ç.kkfy;ksa] VsyhesfMflu vkSj 
lVhd Ñf"k (fçlkbt+ ,xzhdYpj) dks çHkkfor djsxkA ;gh 
ge ftl çdkj ls baVjusV ij lkexzh dk lapkj vkSj miHkksx djrs gSa mls ns•rs gq, 5th dh 
vfr&rhoz xfr ls okLro esa Økafrdkjh cnyko gks ldrs gSaA Hkkjr esa vDrwcj 2022 esa 5th 
lsok,a vkjEHk gqb± Fkha vkSj bu fnuksa nwjlapkj dEifu;k¡ oqQN pqus gq, 'kgjksa esa bldh lsok,a 
ns jgh gSaA ns'k esa 2024 osQ vUr rd 15 djksM+ ls vfèkd 5th mi;ksDrk gksus dk vuqeku gS 
tks ekStwnk 1 vjc 20 djksM+ eksckby i+Qksu mi;ksDrkvksa dk ,d NksVk&lk va'k gSA gky esa 
c<+s lkbcj geyksa vkSj 'k=kq ns'kksa rFkk •+rjk iSnk djus okys vU; dkjdksa }kjk MkVk pksjh ;k 
lsaèkekjh osQ ihNs Hkw&jktuhfrd çfr}fU}rk] okf.kfT;d mís'; vkSj MkVk lap;u tSls ekSfyd 
dkj.k gSaA blfy, ;g 5th usVodZ osQ fy, Hkh •+rjk iSnk djsaxsA buesa egRoiw.kZ jk‘ªh; 
cqfu;knh <k¡ps dks fu'kkuk cukus okyksa dh ;g ço`fÙk c<+h gSA 
5
nwjlapkj {ks=k
iQksdl
48 ?? 2023
ugha] 5th baVjusV vkWi+Q fFkaXl (vkbZvksVh) çkS|ksfxfd;ksa 
vkSj dusDVsM midj.kksa osQ ykHk Hkh lkeus yk;sxkA rhoz 
xfr vkSj vYi&foyEcrk dusDVsM midj.kksa dks okLrfod 
le; esa laokn djus esa l{ke djsxh] tks csgrj vkSj vfèkd 
fo'oluh; dk;Z{kerk gksxhA blls ?kjsyw mís';ksa (tSls 
vkbZvksVh&l{ke LekVZ gkse) vkSj vkS|ksfxd {ks=k (tSls&LekVZ 
dkj•kus vkSj Lopkfyr fofuekZ.k) dks ykHk gksxkA ,d 
vè;;u osQ vuqlkj 2035 rd 5th dh cnkSyr oSf'od 
vkfFkZd mRiknu 13 •jc 20 vjc vejhdh MkWyj gks 
losQxk vkSj 22 djksM+ 30 yk• ukSdfj;ksa dh enn nsxkA
2
 
Hkkjr esa 5th lsok vDrwcj 2022 esa vkjEHk gqbZ vkSj 
nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa us fnYyh] eqEcbZ] csaxyq# vkSj dksydkrk 
tSls pqus gq, 'kgjksa esa bldh lsok nsuk 'kq: dj fn;kA ns'k 
esa 2024 osQ var rd 15 djksM+ mi;ksDrk gksus dk vuqeku 
gS tks eksckby iQksu dk bLrseky djus okyh ,d vjc chl 
djksM+ dh vkcknh dk va'kek=k gSA ysfdu nwljh vkSj rhljh 
Js.kh osQ 'kgjksa esa ,d ckj 5th usVodZ vkjEHk gksus osQ ckn] 
;g la[;k dki+Qh c<+ ldrh gSA 
5th dh Hkw&jktuhfr
gekjs fMftVy Hkfo"; dks çHkkfor djus vkSj vkfFkZd 
ifjorZu ykus dh bldh {kerk dks ns•rs gq,] dksbZ vk'p;Z 
ugha gS fd vxz.kh rduhdh 'kfDr;ksa us 5th çkS|ksfxdh esa 
^i+QLVZ ewoj* ykHk çkIr djus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA gkyk¡fd] 
nqfu;k dh vxz.kh nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa us 5th çkS|ksfxdh 
fodflr djus dk chM+k mBk;k] ysfdu vlyh cy phuh 
nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa us Mkyk tks çkS|ksfxdh dk O;kolk;hdj.k 
vkSj bls vius çfrLifèkZ;ksa dh rqyuk esa lLrh njksa ij is'k 
djosQ u;s ckt+kjksa esa vkØked :i ls ços'k dj jgh gSaA 
blls ;g fpUrk iSnk gks xbZ fd phu j.kuhfrd :i ls bu 
dEifu;ksa dks oSf'od ckt+kjksa ij dCt+k djus osQ fy, çsfjr 
djosQ tklwlh dk ,d fo'kky ra=k LFkkfir dj ldrk gSA
,slh Hkh vk'kadk,a gSa fd phu viuh nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa 
dks miHkksDrkvksa dh lwpuk,a ljdkj osQ lkFk lk>k djus dks 
etcwj djosQ] 5th çkS|ksfxdh dks viuk gfFk;kj cuk ldrk 
gS ;k dEifu;ksa dks Hkw&jktuhfrd mFky&iqFky osQ le; 5th 
usVodZ cUn djus rd osQ fy, etcwj dj ldrk gSA
3
 dbZ 
ns'kksa esa lkbcj tklwlh dh ?kVukvksa vkSj vkjksiksa esa dbZ phuh 
nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa dk uke vkus osQ ckn ls bu fpUrkvksa dks 
cy gh feyk gSA
4
 mnkgj.kkFkZ& vxLr 2020 esa vkWLVªsfy;kbZ 
ljdkj vkSj ikiqvk U;w fxuh osQ jkԻh; lkbcj lqj{kk osQUnz 
dh ,d fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k fd ,d phuh nwjlapkj dEiuh 
ftlus ikiqvk U;w fxuh dk jk‘ªh; MkVk osQUæ cuk;k Fkk] mlesa 
lkbcj lqj{kk lEcUèkh vusd eqís ik;s x;s ftlus ljdkj dk 
xksiuh; MkVk mtkxj dj fn;kA blh rjg 2019 esa] brkyoh 
nwjlapkj usVodZ osQ fy, blh phuh dEiuh osQ yxk, 
midj.kksa esa dbZ rjg dh dfe;k¡ ikbZ xb±A bu mnkgj.kksa us 
phuh nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa osQ midj.kksa dh lqj{kk] miyCèkrk 
vkSj fo'oluh;rk ij lUnsg iSnk fd;k gS& dbZ fo'ks"kKksa 
dk ekuuk gS fd ,slh fpUrk,¡ 5th Mksesu esa vkSj c<+saxh ghA 
ifj.kkeo'k] fiNys oqQN o"kks± ls vejhdk us 5th ckt+kj 
esa phuh nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa osQ çHkqRo dk eqd+kcyk djus 
dk vfHk;ku 'kq: fd;k gSA vejhdh ljdkj us gqvkosbZ vkSj 
t+SMVhbZ dks jk‘ªh; lqj{kk osQ fy;s •+rjk crk fn;k
5
] vejhdh 
dEifu;ksa dks buosQ midj.k •+jhnus esa ljdkjh lfClMh dk 
mi;ksx djus ij çfrcaèk yxk fn;k] vkSj ,d fof'k‘ ykblsal 
osQ fcuk gqvkosbZ dEiuh dks lsehoaQMDVj fpIl cspus ij 
Hkh çfrcUèk yxk fn;kA gky esa] uoEcj 2022 esa ,d vkSj 
O;kid dkjZokbZ djrs gq, vejhdk us phu dh ik¡p dEifu;ksa 
osQ lapkj osQ u;s midj.k cspus vkSj mudk vk;kr djus 
jkԻh; fodkl vkSj vkfFkZd fodkl esa 5th 
dh lEHkkfor Hkwfedk dks ns•rs gq, bls 
fu%lansg ,d egRoiw.kZ cqfu;knh <k¡pk ekuk 
tk ldrk gSA blfy, 5th lapkj usVodZ] 
rksM+iQksM+ lfgr lkbcj geyksa dk ,d vge 
fu'kkuk gksxkA
5th  
osQ fy;s ,d 
lqn`<+ bdksflLVe 
dk fuekZ.k
nwjlapkj vkSj usVofd±x mRiknksa osQ fy;s 
ih,yvkbZ Ldhe 42 dEifu;ksa rd c<+kbZ xbZ
fMt+kbu vkèkkfjr fofuekZ.k ij 
fo'ks"k cy
4]115 djksM+ #i;s dk ifjO;;
44]000 u;s jkst+xkj dk l`tu
49 ?? 2023
ij çfrcUèk yxk fn;kA ;gh ugha] vejhdk us vius lg;ksxh 
ns'kksa dks vius ?kjsyw 5th usVodZ esa phuh midj.kksa dk 
mi;ksx u djus osQ fy, Hkh jkt+h dj fy;k gSA
6
 
t+kfgj gS bu ?kVukØeksa us u osQoy phu vkSj vejhdk 
osQ chp O;kikj dks çHkkfor fd;k vfirq yksdrkaf=kd ns'kksa 
vkSj rkuk'kkgh 'kkluksa osQ chp O;kid rduhdh çfrLièkkZ 
Hkh lkeus vkbZ gSA urhtru] phu vkSj :l tSls rkuk'kkgh 
'kkluksa ls mRi rduhdh pqukSrh ls la;qDr :i ls fuiVus 
osQ fy, leku fopkjèkkjk okys vkSj vxz.kh yksdrkaf=kd 
ns'kksa dks ,dtqV djus osQ ç;kl fd;s x;s gSaA
7
 mnkgj.k 
osQ fy,] fczVsu osQ iwoZ çèkkuea=kh ckWfjl tkWulu us 5th 
vkSj vU; mHkjrh çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dh ,d oSdfYid vkiwfrZ 
 Ük`a•yk cukus osQ fy, nl yksdra=kh; ns'kksa osQ xBcaèku Mh&10 
dk fopkj is'k fd;k FkkA pkj ns'kksa dh lqj{kk okrkZ ;kuh 
DokM (Hkkjr] tkiku] vkWLVªsfy;k vkSj la;qDr jkT; vejhdk) 
us Hkh varj&lapkyu&l{kerk (baVjvkWijsfcfyVh) vkSj laj{kk 
dk dke vkxs c<+kus vkSj 5th lIyk;j Mk;oflZfi+Qds'ku 
vkSj vksiu jSu (vkj,,u) ij dke djus dk ladYi O;Dr 
fd;k gS tks flXuy&çkslsflax dk dk;Z nksgjkus osQ fy, 
lkWÝVos;j dk mi;ksx djrk gSA
8
 pwafd rkuk'kkgh 'kklu 5th 
ls ijs dh mHkjrh çkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds vuqlkj dk;Z djrs gSa 
blfy;s ;g ço`fÙk Hkfo"; esa vkSj c<+us dh mEehn gSA 
5th vkSj lkbcj •+rjs
5th osQ lkbcj •+rjs dk ifjn`';] phuh nwjlapkj 
dEifu;ksa osQ ncncs vkSj gkMZos;j ls iSnk gq, tksf•e 
ls Hkh ijs dk gSA gky esa c<+s lkbcj geyksa vkSj 'k=kq 
ns'kksa rFkk vU; •+rjksa osQ ihNs ewy dkj.k (Hkw&jktuhfrd  
çfr}fU}rk] okf.kfT;d mís'; vkSj MkVk lap;u) vc Hkh 
fo|eku gSaA blfy, os 5th usVodZ osQ fy, Hkh •+rjk iSnk 
djsaxs vkSj buesa egRoiw.kZ jk‘ªh; cqfu;knh <k¡ps dks fu'kkuk 
cukus dh c<+rh ço`fÙk gSA jk‘ªh; fodkl vkSj vkfFkZd 
fodkl esa 5th dh lEHkkfor Hkwfedk dks ns•rs gq, bls 
fu%lansg ,d egRoiw.kZ cqfu;knh <k¡pk ekuk tk ldrk gSA 
blfy, 5th lapkj usVodZ] rksM+iQksM+ lfgr lkbcj geyksa 
dk ,d vge fu'kkuk gksxkA 
,slk djrs le;] •+rjk iSnk djus okys 5th usVodZ 
vkSj blosQ ra=k (bdksflLVe) dh dbZ det+ksfj;ksa 
(oyuj,fcfyVh) i+Qk;nk mBk,axsA çkS|ksfxdh dh tfVyrk 
osQ dkj.k 5th osQ ra=k esa dbZ ,sls xfr'khy fgLls gSa tks 
bu fgLlksa esa ls çR;sd osQ yphysiu dks ysdj vfuf'prrk 
c<+krk gSA ;gh vfuf'prrk] bl •+rjs dk ifjn`'; ukVdh; 
:i ls c<+k nsrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn usVodZ osQ oqQN 
flLVEl esa iwjh rjg ls lqèkkj ugha fd, x;s rks ;g lkbcj 
lqj{kk esa lcls det+ksj dM+h gks ldrs gSaA blfy, 5th osQ 
dusD'ku] midj.kksa vkSj vuqç;ksxksa (,IyhosQ'kal) dh lqj{kk 
ij vfèkd è;ku nsus dh vko';drk gksxhA
9
rhoz xfr vkSj c<+h gqbZ {kerk osQ dkj.k 5th dks LFkkuh; 
usVodZ ;k midj.k ls baVjusV osQ tqM+us osQ LFkku ij vfèkd 
rhoz xfr vkSj c<+h gqbZ {kerk osQ dkj.k 
5th dks LFkkuh; usVodZ ;k midj.k ls 
baVjusV osQ tqM+us osQ LFkku ij vfèkd ,DlSl 
IokbaV vkSj usVodZ fdukjksa (,ft+t+) dh 
vko';drk gksrh gSA blls usVodZ osQ vge 
dk;Z] fdukjksa dh vksj tkdj miHkksDrk 
osQ vfèkd d+jhc gks tkrs gSa ftlls t+:jh 
lqj{kk dj ikuk vkSj vfèkd fo'oluh; 
rhljs i{k dk osaMj lqfuf'pr djuk 
pqukSrhiw.kZ gks tkrk gSA ;gh ifjfLFkfr;k¡] 
•+rjk •M+k djus okys dkjdksa osQ fy,] 
geys dh lrg dk foLrkj djrh gSaA blosQ 
vykok] fefJr çdkj osQ usVodZ & tSls 
5th dk 4th tSlh iqjkuh ç.kkfy;ksa osQ lkFk 
dke djuk Hkh 5th usVodZ dk] fiNyh 
ih<+h osQ usVodZ dh det+ksfj;ksa ls lkeuk 
djok nsrs gSaA
ofVZdy
vkb, 5th {ks=k esa vius  
volj c<+k,a
ij tk,a
Page 4


47 ?? 2023
5?? ??? ???  
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?? ???? ?????
???????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ? ? ???? ???????? 
?-???? sameer.patil@orfonline.org
th ;kuh eksckby usVodZ dh ik¡poha ih<+h] csrkj 
lapkj dk uohure oSf'od ekunaM gSA izR;sd o"kZ 
ckn] eksckby lapkj dh ,d ubZ ih<+h vkrh gS tks 
1th] 2th] 3th] 4th usVodZ bR;kfn osQ uke ls tkuh xbZA gj 
ubZ ih<+h vius lkFk MkVk dh ek=kk vkSj xfr c<+krh jgh vkSj 
çs"k.k vFkok çkfIr dk le; ?kVkrh xbZ& ;kuh MkVk Vªkali+Qj 
vkSj MkmuyksM esa le; de gksrk x;kA vk'kk gS fd 5th ls 
vkSlr MkVk nj 100 esxkfcV~l çfr lsd.M gksxh vkSj ;g 
c<+dj 20 xSxkfcV~l çfr lSd.M gks ldrh gSA bruh rhoz xfr 
gksus ls le;&foyEcrk nj vkSj ?kVsxh rFkk bl çdkj eksckby 
MkVk lapkj esa vfèkd fo'oluh;rk lqfuf'pr gksxhA
ge baVjusV ij lkexzh dk lapkj vkSj miHkksx ftl 
çdkj djrs gSa mlesa 5th dh vfr&rhoz xfr okLro esa 
Økafrdkjh cnyko yk ldrh gSA 5th usVodZ 'kq: gksus dk 
lokZfèkd è;ku nsus ;ksX; çHkko] mÂr eksckby lsok esa ns•us 
dks feykA
1
 blosQ ckn rks ;g vc èkhjs&èkhjs f'k{kk çkS|ksfxdh 
(,MVsd) Lok;Ùk vkSj jksckWfVd ç.kkfy;ksa] VsyhesfMflu vkSj 
lVhd Ñf"k (fçlkbt+ ,xzhdYpj) dks çHkkfor djsxkA ;gh 
ge ftl çdkj ls baVjusV ij lkexzh dk lapkj vkSj miHkksx djrs gSa mls ns•rs gq, 5th dh 
vfr&rhoz xfr ls okLro esa Økafrdkjh cnyko gks ldrs gSaA Hkkjr esa vDrwcj 2022 esa 5th 
lsok,a vkjEHk gqb± Fkha vkSj bu fnuksa nwjlapkj dEifu;k¡ oqQN pqus gq, 'kgjksa esa bldh lsok,a 
ns jgh gSaA ns'k esa 2024 osQ vUr rd 15 djksM+ ls vfèkd 5th mi;ksDrk gksus dk vuqeku gS 
tks ekStwnk 1 vjc 20 djksM+ eksckby i+Qksu mi;ksDrkvksa dk ,d NksVk&lk va'k gSA gky esa 
c<+s lkbcj geyksa vkSj 'k=kq ns'kksa rFkk •+rjk iSnk djus okys vU; dkjdksa }kjk MkVk pksjh ;k 
lsaèkekjh osQ ihNs Hkw&jktuhfrd çfr}fU}rk] okf.kfT;d mís'; vkSj MkVk lap;u tSls ekSfyd 
dkj.k gSaA blfy, ;g 5th usVodZ osQ fy, Hkh •+rjk iSnk djsaxsA buesa egRoiw.kZ jk‘ªh; 
cqfu;knh <k¡ps dks fu'kkuk cukus okyksa dh ;g ço`fÙk c<+h gSA 
5
nwjlapkj {ks=k
iQksdl
48 ?? 2023
ugha] 5th baVjusV vkWi+Q fFkaXl (vkbZvksVh) çkS|ksfxfd;ksa 
vkSj dusDVsM midj.kksa osQ ykHk Hkh lkeus yk;sxkA rhoz 
xfr vkSj vYi&foyEcrk dusDVsM midj.kksa dks okLrfod 
le; esa laokn djus esa l{ke djsxh] tks csgrj vkSj vfèkd 
fo'oluh; dk;Z{kerk gksxhA blls ?kjsyw mís';ksa (tSls 
vkbZvksVh&l{ke LekVZ gkse) vkSj vkS|ksfxd {ks=k (tSls&LekVZ 
dkj•kus vkSj Lopkfyr fofuekZ.k) dks ykHk gksxkA ,d 
vè;;u osQ vuqlkj 2035 rd 5th dh cnkSyr oSf'od 
vkfFkZd mRiknu 13 •jc 20 vjc vejhdh MkWyj gks 
losQxk vkSj 22 djksM+ 30 yk• ukSdfj;ksa dh enn nsxkA
2
 
Hkkjr esa 5th lsok vDrwcj 2022 esa vkjEHk gqbZ vkSj 
nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa us fnYyh] eqEcbZ] csaxyq# vkSj dksydkrk 
tSls pqus gq, 'kgjksa esa bldh lsok nsuk 'kq: dj fn;kA ns'k 
esa 2024 osQ var rd 15 djksM+ mi;ksDrk gksus dk vuqeku 
gS tks eksckby iQksu dk bLrseky djus okyh ,d vjc chl 
djksM+ dh vkcknh dk va'kek=k gSA ysfdu nwljh vkSj rhljh 
Js.kh osQ 'kgjksa esa ,d ckj 5th usVodZ vkjEHk gksus osQ ckn] 
;g la[;k dki+Qh c<+ ldrh gSA 
5th dh Hkw&jktuhfr
gekjs fMftVy Hkfo"; dks çHkkfor djus vkSj vkfFkZd 
ifjorZu ykus dh bldh {kerk dks ns•rs gq,] dksbZ vk'p;Z 
ugha gS fd vxz.kh rduhdh 'kfDr;ksa us 5th çkS|ksfxdh esa 
^i+QLVZ ewoj* ykHk çkIr djus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA gkyk¡fd] 
nqfu;k dh vxz.kh nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa us 5th çkS|ksfxdh 
fodflr djus dk chM+k mBk;k] ysfdu vlyh cy phuh 
nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa us Mkyk tks çkS|ksfxdh dk O;kolk;hdj.k 
vkSj bls vius çfrLifèkZ;ksa dh rqyuk esa lLrh njksa ij is'k 
djosQ u;s ckt+kjksa esa vkØked :i ls ços'k dj jgh gSaA 
blls ;g fpUrk iSnk gks xbZ fd phu j.kuhfrd :i ls bu 
dEifu;ksa dks oSf'od ckt+kjksa ij dCt+k djus osQ fy, çsfjr 
djosQ tklwlh dk ,d fo'kky ra=k LFkkfir dj ldrk gSA
,slh Hkh vk'kadk,a gSa fd phu viuh nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa 
dks miHkksDrkvksa dh lwpuk,a ljdkj osQ lkFk lk>k djus dks 
etcwj djosQ] 5th çkS|ksfxdh dks viuk gfFk;kj cuk ldrk 
gS ;k dEifu;ksa dks Hkw&jktuhfrd mFky&iqFky osQ le; 5th 
usVodZ cUn djus rd osQ fy, etcwj dj ldrk gSA
3
 dbZ 
ns'kksa esa lkbcj tklwlh dh ?kVukvksa vkSj vkjksiksa esa dbZ phuh 
nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa dk uke vkus osQ ckn ls bu fpUrkvksa dks 
cy gh feyk gSA
4
 mnkgj.kkFkZ& vxLr 2020 esa vkWLVªsfy;kbZ 
ljdkj vkSj ikiqvk U;w fxuh osQ jkԻh; lkbcj lqj{kk osQUnz 
dh ,d fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k fd ,d phuh nwjlapkj dEiuh 
ftlus ikiqvk U;w fxuh dk jk‘ªh; MkVk osQUæ cuk;k Fkk] mlesa 
lkbcj lqj{kk lEcUèkh vusd eqís ik;s x;s ftlus ljdkj dk 
xksiuh; MkVk mtkxj dj fn;kA blh rjg 2019 esa] brkyoh 
nwjlapkj usVodZ osQ fy, blh phuh dEiuh osQ yxk, 
midj.kksa esa dbZ rjg dh dfe;k¡ ikbZ xb±A bu mnkgj.kksa us 
phuh nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa osQ midj.kksa dh lqj{kk] miyCèkrk 
vkSj fo'oluh;rk ij lUnsg iSnk fd;k gS& dbZ fo'ks"kKksa 
dk ekuuk gS fd ,slh fpUrk,¡ 5th Mksesu esa vkSj c<+saxh ghA 
ifj.kkeo'k] fiNys oqQN o"kks± ls vejhdk us 5th ckt+kj 
esa phuh nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa osQ çHkqRo dk eqd+kcyk djus 
dk vfHk;ku 'kq: fd;k gSA vejhdh ljdkj us gqvkosbZ vkSj 
t+SMVhbZ dks jk‘ªh; lqj{kk osQ fy;s •+rjk crk fn;k
5
] vejhdh 
dEifu;ksa dks buosQ midj.k •+jhnus esa ljdkjh lfClMh dk 
mi;ksx djus ij çfrcaèk yxk fn;k] vkSj ,d fof'k‘ ykblsal 
osQ fcuk gqvkosbZ dEiuh dks lsehoaQMDVj fpIl cspus ij 
Hkh çfrcUèk yxk fn;kA gky esa] uoEcj 2022 esa ,d vkSj 
O;kid dkjZokbZ djrs gq, vejhdk us phu dh ik¡p dEifu;ksa 
osQ lapkj osQ u;s midj.k cspus vkSj mudk vk;kr djus 
jkԻh; fodkl vkSj vkfFkZd fodkl esa 5th 
dh lEHkkfor Hkwfedk dks ns•rs gq, bls 
fu%lansg ,d egRoiw.kZ cqfu;knh <k¡pk ekuk 
tk ldrk gSA blfy, 5th lapkj usVodZ] 
rksM+iQksM+ lfgr lkbcj geyksa dk ,d vge 
fu'kkuk gksxkA
5th  
osQ fy;s ,d 
lqn`<+ bdksflLVe 
dk fuekZ.k
nwjlapkj vkSj usVofd±x mRiknksa osQ fy;s 
ih,yvkbZ Ldhe 42 dEifu;ksa rd c<+kbZ xbZ
fMt+kbu vkèkkfjr fofuekZ.k ij 
fo'ks"k cy
4]115 djksM+ #i;s dk ifjO;;
44]000 u;s jkst+xkj dk l`tu
49 ?? 2023
ij çfrcUèk yxk fn;kA ;gh ugha] vejhdk us vius lg;ksxh 
ns'kksa dks vius ?kjsyw 5th usVodZ esa phuh midj.kksa dk 
mi;ksx u djus osQ fy, Hkh jkt+h dj fy;k gSA
6
 
t+kfgj gS bu ?kVukØeksa us u osQoy phu vkSj vejhdk 
osQ chp O;kikj dks çHkkfor fd;k vfirq yksdrkaf=kd ns'kksa 
vkSj rkuk'kkgh 'kkluksa osQ chp O;kid rduhdh çfrLièkkZ 
Hkh lkeus vkbZ gSA urhtru] phu vkSj :l tSls rkuk'kkgh 
'kkluksa ls mRi rduhdh pqukSrh ls la;qDr :i ls fuiVus 
osQ fy, leku fopkjèkkjk okys vkSj vxz.kh yksdrkaf=kd 
ns'kksa dks ,dtqV djus osQ ç;kl fd;s x;s gSaA
7
 mnkgj.k 
osQ fy,] fczVsu osQ iwoZ çèkkuea=kh ckWfjl tkWulu us 5th 
vkSj vU; mHkjrh çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dh ,d oSdfYid vkiwfrZ 
 Ük`a•yk cukus osQ fy, nl yksdra=kh; ns'kksa osQ xBcaèku Mh&10 
dk fopkj is'k fd;k FkkA pkj ns'kksa dh lqj{kk okrkZ ;kuh 
DokM (Hkkjr] tkiku] vkWLVªsfy;k vkSj la;qDr jkT; vejhdk) 
us Hkh varj&lapkyu&l{kerk (baVjvkWijsfcfyVh) vkSj laj{kk 
dk dke vkxs c<+kus vkSj 5th lIyk;j Mk;oflZfi+Qds'ku 
vkSj vksiu jSu (vkj,,u) ij dke djus dk ladYi O;Dr 
fd;k gS tks flXuy&çkslsflax dk dk;Z nksgjkus osQ fy, 
lkWÝVos;j dk mi;ksx djrk gSA
8
 pwafd rkuk'kkgh 'kklu 5th 
ls ijs dh mHkjrh çkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds vuqlkj dk;Z djrs gSa 
blfy;s ;g ço`fÙk Hkfo"; esa vkSj c<+us dh mEehn gSA 
5th vkSj lkbcj •+rjs
5th osQ lkbcj •+rjs dk ifjn`';] phuh nwjlapkj 
dEifu;ksa osQ ncncs vkSj gkMZos;j ls iSnk gq, tksf•e 
ls Hkh ijs dk gSA gky esa c<+s lkbcj geyksa vkSj 'k=kq 
ns'kksa rFkk vU; •+rjksa osQ ihNs ewy dkj.k (Hkw&jktuhfrd  
çfr}fU}rk] okf.kfT;d mís'; vkSj MkVk lap;u) vc Hkh 
fo|eku gSaA blfy, os 5th usVodZ osQ fy, Hkh •+rjk iSnk 
djsaxs vkSj buesa egRoiw.kZ jk‘ªh; cqfu;knh <k¡ps dks fu'kkuk 
cukus dh c<+rh ço`fÙk gSA jk‘ªh; fodkl vkSj vkfFkZd 
fodkl esa 5th dh lEHkkfor Hkwfedk dks ns•rs gq, bls 
fu%lansg ,d egRoiw.kZ cqfu;knh <k¡pk ekuk tk ldrk gSA 
blfy, 5th lapkj usVodZ] rksM+iQksM+ lfgr lkbcj geyksa 
dk ,d vge fu'kkuk gksxkA 
,slk djrs le;] •+rjk iSnk djus okys 5th usVodZ 
vkSj blosQ ra=k (bdksflLVe) dh dbZ det+ksfj;ksa 
(oyuj,fcfyVh) i+Qk;nk mBk,axsA çkS|ksfxdh dh tfVyrk 
osQ dkj.k 5th osQ ra=k esa dbZ ,sls xfr'khy fgLls gSa tks 
bu fgLlksa esa ls çR;sd osQ yphysiu dks ysdj vfuf'prrk 
c<+krk gSA ;gh vfuf'prrk] bl •+rjs dk ifjn`'; ukVdh; 
:i ls c<+k nsrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn usVodZ osQ oqQN 
flLVEl esa iwjh rjg ls lqèkkj ugha fd, x;s rks ;g lkbcj 
lqj{kk esa lcls det+ksj dM+h gks ldrs gSaA blfy, 5th osQ 
dusD'ku] midj.kksa vkSj vuqç;ksxksa (,IyhosQ'kal) dh lqj{kk 
ij vfèkd è;ku nsus dh vko';drk gksxhA
9
rhoz xfr vkSj c<+h gqbZ {kerk osQ dkj.k 5th dks LFkkuh; 
usVodZ ;k midj.k ls baVjusV osQ tqM+us osQ LFkku ij vfèkd 
rhoz xfr vkSj c<+h gqbZ {kerk osQ dkj.k 
5th dks LFkkuh; usVodZ ;k midj.k ls 
baVjusV osQ tqM+us osQ LFkku ij vfèkd ,DlSl 
IokbaV vkSj usVodZ fdukjksa (,ft+t+) dh 
vko';drk gksrh gSA blls usVodZ osQ vge 
dk;Z] fdukjksa dh vksj tkdj miHkksDrk 
osQ vfèkd d+jhc gks tkrs gSa ftlls t+:jh 
lqj{kk dj ikuk vkSj vfèkd fo'oluh; 
rhljs i{k dk osaMj lqfuf'pr djuk 
pqukSrhiw.kZ gks tkrk gSA ;gh ifjfLFkfr;k¡] 
•+rjk •M+k djus okys dkjdksa osQ fy,] 
geys dh lrg dk foLrkj djrh gSaA blosQ 
vykok] fefJr çdkj osQ usVodZ & tSls 
5th dk 4th tSlh iqjkuh ç.kkfy;ksa osQ lkFk 
dke djuk Hkh 5th usVodZ dk] fiNyh 
ih<+h osQ usVodZ dh det+ksfj;ksa ls lkeuk 
djok nsrs gSaA
ofVZdy
vkb, 5th {ks=k esa vius  
volj c<+k,a
ij tk,a
50 ?? 2023
,Dlsl IokbaV vkSj usVodZ fdukjksa (,ft+t+) dh vko';drk 
gksrh gSA
10
 blls usVodZ osQ vge dk;Z] fdukjksa dh vksj 
tkdj mi;ksDrk osQ vfèkd d+jhc gks tkrs gSa ftlls t+:jh 
lqj{kk dj ikuk vkSj vfèkd fo'oluh; rhljs i{k dk osaMj 
lqfuf'pr djuk pqukSrhiw.kZ gks tkrk gSA ;gh ifjfLFkfr;k¡] 
•+rjk •M+k djus okys dkjdksa osQ fy,] geys dh lrg dk 
foLrkj djrh gSaA blosQ vykok] fefJr çdkj osQ usVodZ & 
tSls 5th dk 4th tSlh iqjkuh ç.kkfy;ksa osQ lkFk dke djuk 
Hkh 5th usVodZ dk] fiNyh ih<+h osQ usVodZ dh det+ksfj;ksa 
ls lkeuk djok nsrs gSaA
11
 
blosQ vykok tSlk igys mYys• fd;k x;k gS] 5th 
usVodZ vkbZvksVh&l{ke midj.kksa dk O;kid çlkj djsxkA 
,d vuqeku osQ vuqlkj 2025 rd] yxHkx 27 vjc dusDVsM 
vkbZvksVh&midj.k gksaxsA blls •+rjk dbZ xquk c<+ tkrk gS 
D;ksafd bu midj.kksa osQ lkFk u;k ekyos;j vkSj ckWVusV Hkh 
gksxkA ;g vius lkFk fMfLVªC;qfVM fMuk;y&vkWi+Q&lfoZl 
;k eSu&bu&n&fefMy tSls geyksa dh vfèkd vk'kadk iSnk 
djsaxsA ,slh ?kVuk,a igys gks pqdh gSaA tSls 2016 esa] fejkbZ 
ckWVusV us gt+kjksa jkmVj] lqj{kk oSQejksa vkSj fMftVy ohfM;ks 
fjdkWMZj osQ dkedkt esa ckèkk Mkyus osQ fy, vlqjf{kr 
vkbZvksVh&midj.kksa dh dfe;ksa dk i+Qk;nk mBk;kA
13
5th osQ lanHkZ esa ,d vkSj egRoiw.kZ vk;ke xksiuh;rk 
dk tksf•e gSA 4th dh rqyuk esa] 5th ij pyus okys 
usVodZ dk dojst {ks=k cgqr NksVk gksrk gSA blfy, bUgsa 
dbZ NksVs ,afVuk vkSj csl&LVs'kuksa dh t+:jr iM+rh gSA ;g 
eksckby i+Qksu ;k vUnj vkSj ckgj baVjusV mi;ksDrk dh 
lVhd yksosQ'ku VªSd djok ldrk gS ftlls mudh futrk 
Hkax gks ldrh gSA
14
 ;gh ugha] 5th dks fiNyh ih<+h osQ 
çksVksdkWy ls Hks|rk fojklr esa feyh gS ;kuh •+rjk iSnk 
djus okys dkjd] varjjk‘ªh; eksckby lClØkbcj igpku 
(IMSI) vFkkZr~ eksckby usVodZ ij xzkgdksa dh igpku 
djus vkSj çekf.kr djus esa mi;ksx gksus okyk uEcj idM+ 
ldrs gSaA vkbZ,e,lvkbZ dks vius dCt+s esa djosQ •+rjs 
osQ dkjd] fdlh O;fDrxr mi;ksDrk dh xfrfofèk ij ut+j 
j•us osQ fy, {ks=k fo'ks"k esa VªSfoaQx yksosQ'ku vkSj dkWy 
baVjlsIV lfgr eksckby VªSfi+Qd jksd ldrs gSaA 
 lkbcj lqj{kk dh ;g pqukSfr;k¡ vkSj xksiuh;rk 
tksf•e osQoy 5th rd gh lhfer ugha jgsaxsA Hkys gh 5th 
usVodZ dk èkhjs&èkhjs nqfu;k Hkj esa çlkj gks jgk gS ysfdu 
çkS|ksfxdh dh vxz.kh dEifu;ksa us igys gh vxyh ih<+h 
dh çkS|ksfxfd;ksa ij dke djuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA mnkgj.k 
osQ fy,] DokM ns'kksa us varfj{k&vkèkkfjr 6th ij lg;ksx 
dh ;kstuk ?kksf"kr dh gS rkfd çkS|ksfxdh osQ vkdkj ysus 
osQ lkFk gh fMt+kbu&vkèkkfjr lqj{kk vkSj lkbcj lqj{kk  
dk;Zç.kkfy;ksa dks 'kkfey djuk lqfuf'pr fd;k tk losQA
15
 
mèkj phu Hkh 6th çkS|ksfxfd;ksa osQ ckjs esa mÂr vuqlaèkku 
vkSj uokpkj dh ;kstuk rS;kj dj jgk gSA
16
fu"d"kZ
la{ksi esa] 5th fMftVyhdj.k vkSj fodkl osQ u;s volj 
çnku djrk gS] ysfdu çkS|ksfxdh vkSj usVodZ fMt+kbu lqjf{kr 
ugha gSaA blfy,] Hkkjr tSls tks ns'k 5th viuk jgs gSa muosQ 
ikl ,d lkbcj yphyh ;kstuk igys ls rS;kj gksuk vko';d 
gSA cgqr oqQN bdksflLVe osQ fofHk rRoksa dh lkbcj vkSj 
lwpuk&lqj{kk uhfr;ksa ij fuHkZj djrk gSA 5th usVodZ ls tqM+us 
okys laxBuksa dks mHkjrs •+rjksa dh tkudkjh gksuh pkfg, vkSj 
muosQ vuqlkj lqj{kk çksVksdkWy viukus pkfg,] vius fy;s 
•+rjs dh fLFkfr fuèkkZfjr djuh pkfg,] vkSj viuk fMftVy 
cqfu;knh <k¡pk lqjf{kr djuk pkfg,A blosQ fy, yxkrkj 
viMsV vkSj vixzsM djus dh vko';drk gksxh D;ksafd 
•+rjk iSnk djus okys dkjd] mHkjrh det+ksfj;ksa dk i+Qk;nk 
mBkuk tkjh j•rs gSaA bl yphysiu esa] vafre mi;ksDrkvksa 
dh tkx#drk Hkh ,d egRoiw.kZ rRo gksxhA mudh lkbcj 
gkbthu&lkbcj Lisl dh lqjf{kr çFkkvksa dh mudh le> & 
mUgsa •+rjksa ls csgrj <ax ls fuiVus vkSj viuh j{kk djus esa 
enn dj ldrh gSA                              ?
lanHkZ
1- baVSy] ¶Top Use Cases foFk 5th Technology”¸ https%//www.
intel.com/content/www/us/en/wireless&network/5g&use&-
cases&applications.html
vkRefuHkZj
5th VSLVcSaM
LVkVZvIl osQ fy;s
fu%'kqYd 5th VSLVcSaM
tuojh 2024 rd
t+cjnLr çksRlkgu
Hkkjr esa fufeZr çkS|ksfxdh dks
Hkkjr esa  
5 LFkkuksa ij miyCèk
Page 5


47 ?? 2023
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th ;kuh eksckby usVodZ dh ik¡poha ih<+h] csrkj 
lapkj dk uohure oSf'od ekunaM gSA izR;sd o"kZ 
ckn] eksckby lapkj dh ,d ubZ ih<+h vkrh gS tks 
1th] 2th] 3th] 4th usVodZ bR;kfn osQ uke ls tkuh xbZA gj 
ubZ ih<+h vius lkFk MkVk dh ek=kk vkSj xfr c<+krh jgh vkSj 
çs"k.k vFkok çkfIr dk le; ?kVkrh xbZ& ;kuh MkVk Vªkali+Qj 
vkSj MkmuyksM esa le; de gksrk x;kA vk'kk gS fd 5th ls 
vkSlr MkVk nj 100 esxkfcV~l çfr lsd.M gksxh vkSj ;g 
c<+dj 20 xSxkfcV~l çfr lSd.M gks ldrh gSA bruh rhoz xfr 
gksus ls le;&foyEcrk nj vkSj ?kVsxh rFkk bl çdkj eksckby 
MkVk lapkj esa vfèkd fo'oluh;rk lqfuf'pr gksxhA
ge baVjusV ij lkexzh dk lapkj vkSj miHkksx ftl 
çdkj djrs gSa mlesa 5th dh vfr&rhoz xfr okLro esa 
Økafrdkjh cnyko yk ldrh gSA 5th usVodZ 'kq: gksus dk 
lokZfèkd è;ku nsus ;ksX; çHkko] mÂr eksckby lsok esa ns•us 
dks feykA
1
 blosQ ckn rks ;g vc èkhjs&èkhjs f'k{kk çkS|ksfxdh 
(,MVsd) Lok;Ùk vkSj jksckWfVd ç.kkfy;ksa] VsyhesfMflu vkSj 
lVhd Ñf"k (fçlkbt+ ,xzhdYpj) dks çHkkfor djsxkA ;gh 
ge ftl çdkj ls baVjusV ij lkexzh dk lapkj vkSj miHkksx djrs gSa mls ns•rs gq, 5th dh 
vfr&rhoz xfr ls okLro esa Økafrdkjh cnyko gks ldrs gSaA Hkkjr esa vDrwcj 2022 esa 5th 
lsok,a vkjEHk gqb± Fkha vkSj bu fnuksa nwjlapkj dEifu;k¡ oqQN pqus gq, 'kgjksa esa bldh lsok,a 
ns jgh gSaA ns'k esa 2024 osQ vUr rd 15 djksM+ ls vfèkd 5th mi;ksDrk gksus dk vuqeku gS 
tks ekStwnk 1 vjc 20 djksM+ eksckby i+Qksu mi;ksDrkvksa dk ,d NksVk&lk va'k gSA gky esa 
c<+s lkbcj geyksa vkSj 'k=kq ns'kksa rFkk •+rjk iSnk djus okys vU; dkjdksa }kjk MkVk pksjh ;k 
lsaèkekjh osQ ihNs Hkw&jktuhfrd çfr}fU}rk] okf.kfT;d mís'; vkSj MkVk lap;u tSls ekSfyd 
dkj.k gSaA blfy, ;g 5th usVodZ osQ fy, Hkh •+rjk iSnk djsaxsA buesa egRoiw.kZ jk‘ªh; 
cqfu;knh <k¡ps dks fu'kkuk cukus okyksa dh ;g ço`fÙk c<+h gSA 
5
nwjlapkj {ks=k
iQksdl
48 ?? 2023
ugha] 5th baVjusV vkWi+Q fFkaXl (vkbZvksVh) çkS|ksfxfd;ksa 
vkSj dusDVsM midj.kksa osQ ykHk Hkh lkeus yk;sxkA rhoz 
xfr vkSj vYi&foyEcrk dusDVsM midj.kksa dks okLrfod 
le; esa laokn djus esa l{ke djsxh] tks csgrj vkSj vfèkd 
fo'oluh; dk;Z{kerk gksxhA blls ?kjsyw mís';ksa (tSls 
vkbZvksVh&l{ke LekVZ gkse) vkSj vkS|ksfxd {ks=k (tSls&LekVZ 
dkj•kus vkSj Lopkfyr fofuekZ.k) dks ykHk gksxkA ,d 
vè;;u osQ vuqlkj 2035 rd 5th dh cnkSyr oSf'od 
vkfFkZd mRiknu 13 •jc 20 vjc vejhdh MkWyj gks 
losQxk vkSj 22 djksM+ 30 yk• ukSdfj;ksa dh enn nsxkA
2
 
Hkkjr esa 5th lsok vDrwcj 2022 esa vkjEHk gqbZ vkSj 
nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa us fnYyh] eqEcbZ] csaxyq# vkSj dksydkrk 
tSls pqus gq, 'kgjksa esa bldh lsok nsuk 'kq: dj fn;kA ns'k 
esa 2024 osQ var rd 15 djksM+ mi;ksDrk gksus dk vuqeku 
gS tks eksckby iQksu dk bLrseky djus okyh ,d vjc chl 
djksM+ dh vkcknh dk va'kek=k gSA ysfdu nwljh vkSj rhljh 
Js.kh osQ 'kgjksa esa ,d ckj 5th usVodZ vkjEHk gksus osQ ckn] 
;g la[;k dki+Qh c<+ ldrh gSA 
5th dh Hkw&jktuhfr
gekjs fMftVy Hkfo"; dks çHkkfor djus vkSj vkfFkZd 
ifjorZu ykus dh bldh {kerk dks ns•rs gq,] dksbZ vk'p;Z 
ugha gS fd vxz.kh rduhdh 'kfDr;ksa us 5th çkS|ksfxdh esa 
^i+QLVZ ewoj* ykHk çkIr djus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA gkyk¡fd] 
nqfu;k dh vxz.kh nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa us 5th çkS|ksfxdh 
fodflr djus dk chM+k mBk;k] ysfdu vlyh cy phuh 
nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa us Mkyk tks çkS|ksfxdh dk O;kolk;hdj.k 
vkSj bls vius çfrLifèkZ;ksa dh rqyuk esa lLrh njksa ij is'k 
djosQ u;s ckt+kjksa esa vkØked :i ls ços'k dj jgh gSaA 
blls ;g fpUrk iSnk gks xbZ fd phu j.kuhfrd :i ls bu 
dEifu;ksa dks oSf'od ckt+kjksa ij dCt+k djus osQ fy, çsfjr 
djosQ tklwlh dk ,d fo'kky ra=k LFkkfir dj ldrk gSA
,slh Hkh vk'kadk,a gSa fd phu viuh nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa 
dks miHkksDrkvksa dh lwpuk,a ljdkj osQ lkFk lk>k djus dks 
etcwj djosQ] 5th çkS|ksfxdh dks viuk gfFk;kj cuk ldrk 
gS ;k dEifu;ksa dks Hkw&jktuhfrd mFky&iqFky osQ le; 5th 
usVodZ cUn djus rd osQ fy, etcwj dj ldrk gSA
3
 dbZ 
ns'kksa esa lkbcj tklwlh dh ?kVukvksa vkSj vkjksiksa esa dbZ phuh 
nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa dk uke vkus osQ ckn ls bu fpUrkvksa dks 
cy gh feyk gSA
4
 mnkgj.kkFkZ& vxLr 2020 esa vkWLVªsfy;kbZ 
ljdkj vkSj ikiqvk U;w fxuh osQ jkԻh; lkbcj lqj{kk osQUnz 
dh ,d fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k fd ,d phuh nwjlapkj dEiuh 
ftlus ikiqvk U;w fxuh dk jk‘ªh; MkVk osQUæ cuk;k Fkk] mlesa 
lkbcj lqj{kk lEcUèkh vusd eqís ik;s x;s ftlus ljdkj dk 
xksiuh; MkVk mtkxj dj fn;kA blh rjg 2019 esa] brkyoh 
nwjlapkj usVodZ osQ fy, blh phuh dEiuh osQ yxk, 
midj.kksa esa dbZ rjg dh dfe;k¡ ikbZ xb±A bu mnkgj.kksa us 
phuh nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa osQ midj.kksa dh lqj{kk] miyCèkrk 
vkSj fo'oluh;rk ij lUnsg iSnk fd;k gS& dbZ fo'ks"kKksa 
dk ekuuk gS fd ,slh fpUrk,¡ 5th Mksesu esa vkSj c<+saxh ghA 
ifj.kkeo'k] fiNys oqQN o"kks± ls vejhdk us 5th ckt+kj 
esa phuh nwjlapkj dEifu;ksa osQ çHkqRo dk eqd+kcyk djus 
dk vfHk;ku 'kq: fd;k gSA vejhdh ljdkj us gqvkosbZ vkSj 
t+SMVhbZ dks jk‘ªh; lqj{kk osQ fy;s •+rjk crk fn;k
5
] vejhdh 
dEifu;ksa dks buosQ midj.k •+jhnus esa ljdkjh lfClMh dk 
mi;ksx djus ij çfrcaèk yxk fn;k] vkSj ,d fof'k‘ ykblsal 
osQ fcuk gqvkosbZ dEiuh dks lsehoaQMDVj fpIl cspus ij 
Hkh çfrcUèk yxk fn;kA gky esa] uoEcj 2022 esa ,d vkSj 
O;kid dkjZokbZ djrs gq, vejhdk us phu dh ik¡p dEifu;ksa 
osQ lapkj osQ u;s midj.k cspus vkSj mudk vk;kr djus 
jkԻh; fodkl vkSj vkfFkZd fodkl esa 5th 
dh lEHkkfor Hkwfedk dks ns•rs gq, bls 
fu%lansg ,d egRoiw.kZ cqfu;knh <k¡pk ekuk 
tk ldrk gSA blfy, 5th lapkj usVodZ] 
rksM+iQksM+ lfgr lkbcj geyksa dk ,d vge 
fu'kkuk gksxkA
5th  
osQ fy;s ,d 
lqn`<+ bdksflLVe 
dk fuekZ.k
nwjlapkj vkSj usVofd±x mRiknksa osQ fy;s 
ih,yvkbZ Ldhe 42 dEifu;ksa rd c<+kbZ xbZ
fMt+kbu vkèkkfjr fofuekZ.k ij 
fo'ks"k cy
4]115 djksM+ #i;s dk ifjO;;
44]000 u;s jkst+xkj dk l`tu
49 ?? 2023
ij çfrcUèk yxk fn;kA ;gh ugha] vejhdk us vius lg;ksxh 
ns'kksa dks vius ?kjsyw 5th usVodZ esa phuh midj.kksa dk 
mi;ksx u djus osQ fy, Hkh jkt+h dj fy;k gSA
6
 
t+kfgj gS bu ?kVukØeksa us u osQoy phu vkSj vejhdk 
osQ chp O;kikj dks çHkkfor fd;k vfirq yksdrkaf=kd ns'kksa 
vkSj rkuk'kkgh 'kkluksa osQ chp O;kid rduhdh çfrLièkkZ 
Hkh lkeus vkbZ gSA urhtru] phu vkSj :l tSls rkuk'kkgh 
'kkluksa ls mRi rduhdh pqukSrh ls la;qDr :i ls fuiVus 
osQ fy, leku fopkjèkkjk okys vkSj vxz.kh yksdrkaf=kd 
ns'kksa dks ,dtqV djus osQ ç;kl fd;s x;s gSaA
7
 mnkgj.k 
osQ fy,] fczVsu osQ iwoZ çèkkuea=kh ckWfjl tkWulu us 5th 
vkSj vU; mHkjrh çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dh ,d oSdfYid vkiwfrZ 
 Ük`a•yk cukus osQ fy, nl yksdra=kh; ns'kksa osQ xBcaèku Mh&10 
dk fopkj is'k fd;k FkkA pkj ns'kksa dh lqj{kk okrkZ ;kuh 
DokM (Hkkjr] tkiku] vkWLVªsfy;k vkSj la;qDr jkT; vejhdk) 
us Hkh varj&lapkyu&l{kerk (baVjvkWijsfcfyVh) vkSj laj{kk 
dk dke vkxs c<+kus vkSj 5th lIyk;j Mk;oflZfi+Qds'ku 
vkSj vksiu jSu (vkj,,u) ij dke djus dk ladYi O;Dr 
fd;k gS tks flXuy&çkslsflax dk dk;Z nksgjkus osQ fy, 
lkWÝVos;j dk mi;ksx djrk gSA
8
 pwafd rkuk'kkgh 'kklu 5th 
ls ijs dh mHkjrh çkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds vuqlkj dk;Z djrs gSa 
blfy;s ;g ço`fÙk Hkfo"; esa vkSj c<+us dh mEehn gSA 
5th vkSj lkbcj •+rjs
5th osQ lkbcj •+rjs dk ifjn`';] phuh nwjlapkj 
dEifu;ksa osQ ncncs vkSj gkMZos;j ls iSnk gq, tksf•e 
ls Hkh ijs dk gSA gky esa c<+s lkbcj geyksa vkSj 'k=kq 
ns'kksa rFkk vU; •+rjksa osQ ihNs ewy dkj.k (Hkw&jktuhfrd  
çfr}fU}rk] okf.kfT;d mís'; vkSj MkVk lap;u) vc Hkh 
fo|eku gSaA blfy, os 5th usVodZ osQ fy, Hkh •+rjk iSnk 
djsaxs vkSj buesa egRoiw.kZ jk‘ªh; cqfu;knh <k¡ps dks fu'kkuk 
cukus dh c<+rh ço`fÙk gSA jk‘ªh; fodkl vkSj vkfFkZd 
fodkl esa 5th dh lEHkkfor Hkwfedk dks ns•rs gq, bls 
fu%lansg ,d egRoiw.kZ cqfu;knh <k¡pk ekuk tk ldrk gSA 
blfy, 5th lapkj usVodZ] rksM+iQksM+ lfgr lkbcj geyksa 
dk ,d vge fu'kkuk gksxkA 
,slk djrs le;] •+rjk iSnk djus okys 5th usVodZ 
vkSj blosQ ra=k (bdksflLVe) dh dbZ det+ksfj;ksa 
(oyuj,fcfyVh) i+Qk;nk mBk,axsA çkS|ksfxdh dh tfVyrk 
osQ dkj.k 5th osQ ra=k esa dbZ ,sls xfr'khy fgLls gSa tks 
bu fgLlksa esa ls çR;sd osQ yphysiu dks ysdj vfuf'prrk 
c<+krk gSA ;gh vfuf'prrk] bl •+rjs dk ifjn`'; ukVdh; 
:i ls c<+k nsrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn usVodZ osQ oqQN 
flLVEl esa iwjh rjg ls lqèkkj ugha fd, x;s rks ;g lkbcj 
lqj{kk esa lcls det+ksj dM+h gks ldrs gSaA blfy, 5th osQ 
dusD'ku] midj.kksa vkSj vuqç;ksxksa (,IyhosQ'kal) dh lqj{kk 
ij vfèkd è;ku nsus dh vko';drk gksxhA
9
rhoz xfr vkSj c<+h gqbZ {kerk osQ dkj.k 5th dks LFkkuh; 
usVodZ ;k midj.k ls baVjusV osQ tqM+us osQ LFkku ij vfèkd 
rhoz xfr vkSj c<+h gqbZ {kerk osQ dkj.k 
5th dks LFkkuh; usVodZ ;k midj.k ls 
baVjusV osQ tqM+us osQ LFkku ij vfèkd ,DlSl 
IokbaV vkSj usVodZ fdukjksa (,ft+t+) dh 
vko';drk gksrh gSA blls usVodZ osQ vge 
dk;Z] fdukjksa dh vksj tkdj miHkksDrk 
osQ vfèkd d+jhc gks tkrs gSa ftlls t+:jh 
lqj{kk dj ikuk vkSj vfèkd fo'oluh; 
rhljs i{k dk osaMj lqfuf'pr djuk 
pqukSrhiw.kZ gks tkrk gSA ;gh ifjfLFkfr;k¡] 
•+rjk •M+k djus okys dkjdksa osQ fy,] 
geys dh lrg dk foLrkj djrh gSaA blosQ 
vykok] fefJr çdkj osQ usVodZ & tSls 
5th dk 4th tSlh iqjkuh ç.kkfy;ksa osQ lkFk 
dke djuk Hkh 5th usVodZ dk] fiNyh 
ih<+h osQ usVodZ dh det+ksfj;ksa ls lkeuk 
djok nsrs gSaA
ofVZdy
vkb, 5th {ks=k esa vius  
volj c<+k,a
ij tk,a
50 ?? 2023
,Dlsl IokbaV vkSj usVodZ fdukjksa (,ft+t+) dh vko';drk 
gksrh gSA
10
 blls usVodZ osQ vge dk;Z] fdukjksa dh vksj 
tkdj mi;ksDrk osQ vfèkd d+jhc gks tkrs gSa ftlls t+:jh 
lqj{kk dj ikuk vkSj vfèkd fo'oluh; rhljs i{k dk osaMj 
lqfuf'pr djuk pqukSrhiw.kZ gks tkrk gSA ;gh ifjfLFkfr;k¡] 
•+rjk •M+k djus okys dkjdksa osQ fy,] geys dh lrg dk 
foLrkj djrh gSaA blosQ vykok] fefJr çdkj osQ usVodZ & 
tSls 5th dk 4th tSlh iqjkuh ç.kkfy;ksa osQ lkFk dke djuk 
Hkh 5th usVodZ dk] fiNyh ih<+h osQ usVodZ dh det+ksfj;ksa 
ls lkeuk djok nsrs gSaA
11
 
blosQ vykok tSlk igys mYys• fd;k x;k gS] 5th 
usVodZ vkbZvksVh&l{ke midj.kksa dk O;kid çlkj djsxkA 
,d vuqeku osQ vuqlkj 2025 rd] yxHkx 27 vjc dusDVsM 
vkbZvksVh&midj.k gksaxsA blls •+rjk dbZ xquk c<+ tkrk gS 
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lanHkZ
1- baVSy] ¶Top Use Cases foFk 5th Technology”¸ https%//www.
intel.com/content/www/us/en/wireless&network/5g&use&-
cases&applications.html
vkRefuHkZj
5th VSLVcSaM
LVkVZvIl osQ fy;s
fu%'kqYd 5th VSLVcSaM
tuojh 2024 rd
t+cjnLr çksRlkgu
Hkkjr esa fufeZr çkS|ksfxdh dks
Hkkjr esa  
5 LFkkuksa ij miyCèk
51 ?? 2023
2- vkbZ,p,l efdZr] ¶The 5th Economy]¸ uoEcj 2019] https://
www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-as-
sets/documents/the_ihs_5g_economy_-_2019.pdf
3- vk¡æsvkl oqQ,É vkSj r`"kk jk;] ¶This Connection is Secure% 
A 5th Risk and Resilience Framework for The QUAD,¸ 
Observer Research Foundation, December 1, 2021, https://
www.orfonline.org/research/a-5g-risk-and-resilience-
framework-for-the-quad/
4- lehj ikfVy vkSj fdf'kdk egktu] ¶Expanding Chinese 
cyber&espionage threat against India,¸ Observer Re-
search Foundation, April 18, 2022, https://www.orfon-
line.org/expert-speak/expanding-chinese-cyber-espio-
nage-threat-against-india/ 
5- i+QSMsjy dE;qfuosQ'kal deh'ku] ¶FCC Designates Huawei and 
ZTE as National Security Threats,' June 30, 2020, https://
www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-designates-huawei-and-zte-na-
tional-security-threats
6- C;wjks vkWi+Q bUMLVªh ,aM flD;ksfjVh] ;w,l fMikVZesaV vkWi+Q dkWelZ] 
'Supplement No. 4 to Part 744 of the Export Administration 
Regulations,' https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/
documents/regulations-docs/2326-supplement-no-4-to-part-
744-entity-list-4/file
7- lehj ikfVy] 'Tech collaboration between democracies,  
vkWCt+oZj jhlpZ iQkm.Ms'ku] flrEcj 15, 2022, https://www.
orfonline.org/expert-speak/tech-collaboration-between-
democracies/ 
8- n OgkbV gkml] 'Quad Joint Leaders' Statement'¸ ebZ 24] 2022] 
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-
releases/2022/05/24/quad-joint-leaders-statement/ 
9- VkWe Oghyj vkSj MsfoM flEilu] 'Why 5th requires new 
approaches to cybersecurity'¸ czqfoaQXt+] flrEcj 3] 2019] 
https://www.brookings.edu/research/why-5g-requires-new-
approaches-to-cybersecurity/
10- jkt f'kojktw] 'Cybersecurity challenges that could potentially 
arise in the 5th era'¸ i+QkbuSfU'k;y ,Dlçsl] uoEcj 26] 
2022] https://www.financialexpress.com/education-2/
cybersecurity-5g-technology-challenges-of-5g-internet-of-
things-education/2892243/
11- oqQ,É vkSj jk;] 'This connection is secure'
12- eksgEen glu] 'State of IoT 2022% Number of connected 
IoT devices growing 18% to 14.4 billion globally'¸ vkbZvksVh 
,ukfyfVDl] ebZ 18] 2022] https://iot-analytics.com/number-
connected-iot-devices/
13- tkW'k ÚqfÈaxj] 'The Mirai botnet explained: How teen scammers 
and CCTV cameras almost brought down the internet'¸ lh,lvks] 
ekpZ 9] 2018] https://www.csoonline.com/article/3258748/the-
mirai-botnet-explained-how-teen-scammers-and-cctv-cam-
eras-almost-brought-down-the-internet.html
14- uksfd;k] 'Privacy challenges and security solutions for 5th 
networks', https://www.nokia.com/thought-leadership/arti-
cles/privacy-challenges-security-solutions-5g-networks/ 
15- ,f'k;u U;wt+ baVjus'kuy] 'Quad Countries to Focus on Tack-
ling China Threat In Telecom, 6G Technology', ,uMhVhoh] 
i+Qjojh 3] 2023] https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/quad-
countries-to-focus-on-tackling-china-threat-in-telecom-6g-
technology-3749668
16- Xykscy VkbEl] 'China to formulate 6G industry development 
plan, seek breakthroughs'¸ Xykscy VkbEl] ekpZ 1] 2023] 
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202303/1286460.shtml
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