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 Page 1


40 ??? 2023
ekuo e'khu dk lq[kn dk;Z] fofHkUu ?kVd] Hkkxksa dh lkeatL;iw.kZ xfrfofèk ij fuHkZj djrk 
gSA xkaèkhth dh laèkkj.kh; vkSj U;wure vko';drkvksa osQ lkFk thus dh 'kSyh vkRe&vuq'kklu 
ij vkèkkfjr FkhA ifjxzg dk rkRi;Z Hkfo"; osQ fy, çkoèkku ls gSA ;fn çR;sd O;fDr vius 
ikl osQoy mruk j[ks ftrus dh mls vko';drk gS] rks dksbZ Hkh vHkkoxzLr ugha gksxk] vkSj 
lHkh larks"k esa jgsaxsA
?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ????? varshadas42@gmail.com
èkhth 1930 esa tc ;jonk osQaæh; dkjkxkj esa 
Fks] rc muosQ vkJeoklh çkFkZuk osQ ckn muosQ 
nSfud çopuksa dks ;kn djrs Fks] blfy, muosQ 
vkxzg ij xkaèkhth us lR;kxzg vkJe dks lkIrkfgd i=k fy[ksA 
muesa vkJe osQ çeq[k vuq"Bkuksa osQ vuqikyu dh ljljh ij[k 
gksrh Fkh] ftls X;kjg çfrKkvksa osQ :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA buesa 
xkaèkhoknh fopkj vkSj n'kZu lekfgr gSA ;s gSa% lR;] vfgalk] 
czãp;Z&'kq¼rk] Lokn ij fu;a=k.k] vLrs;] vifjxzg] fuHkZ;rk] 
vLi`';rk dk mUewyu] jksVh osQ fy, Je] lfg".kqrk&èkeks± dh 
lekurk vkSj Lons'khA
xkaèkhth osQ vuqlkj] ladYi dk vFkZ gS n`<+ fu'p;] 
;g gesa çyksHku osQ f[+kyki+Q enn djrk gSA n`<+ ladYi ;fn 
vlqfoèkk osQ lkeus >qd tkrk gS rks mldk dksbZ ewY; ugha gSA 
ftl çdkj vfgalk dk ikyu cyoku O;fDr gh dj ldrk gS] 
dk;j ugha] mlh çdkj ladYi Hkh 'kfDr dk y{k.k gS] nqcZyrk 
dk ugha] xkaèkhth bu çfrKkvksa osQ lkFk thrs FksA okLro esa] og 
Lo;a ij ç;ksx djosQ bu fu"d"kks± ij igqapsA blhfy, mudh 
vkRedFkk dks ^lR; osQ lkFk esjs ç;ksx* osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk 
gSA mudk thou lR; ls lR; dh ;k=kk gSA
eksgunkl djepan xkaèkh dkSu Fks\
og xqtjkr çkar osQ iksjcanj esa ,d vPNs (vehj) ifjokj 
ls rkYyqd j[krs FksA os 1888 esa baXySaM x, vkSj cSfjLVj dh 
mikfèk çkIr dhA mUgksaus [kqn dks fczfV'k ckj esa ukekafdr fd;k 
ysfdu] vxys gh fnu Hkkjr osQ fy, jokuk gks x,A Hkkjr 
okil vkdj os ckWEcs x,] cSfjLVj osQ :i esa mPp U;k;ky; 
esa ukekadu osQ fy, vkosnu fd;k] odkyr djus dh dksf'k'k 
dh ysfdu liQy ugha gq,A muesa vkRefo'okl dh deh FkhA 
,d cqt+qxZ fj'rsnkj dh lykg ij] mUgksaus 'ksB vCnqYyk osQ 
fy, xqtjkrh o+Qkuwuh nLrkost+ksa dk vaxzst+h esa vkSj vaxzst+h osQ 
nLrkost+ksa dk xqtjkrh esa vuqokn djus osQ fy, nf{k.k vizQhdk 
tkus dk iQSlyk fd;kA eksgunkl us ns[kk fd 'ksB vCnqYyk 
vius gh ppsjs HkkbZ osQ f[kyki+Q eqo+Qnek yM+ jgs gSa vkSj yacs 
le; ls pys vk jgs eqo+Qnes ij nksuksa us cgqr iSlk vkSj le; 
[kpZ fd;k gSA eksgunkl us ekeys dks vnkyr ls ckgj fuiVkus 
esa dke;kch gkfly dhA laokn vkSj ckrphr 'kkafr LFkkfir 
djus osQ muosQ rjhosQ FksA vius çokl osQ nkSjku] og vaxzstksa 
}kjk LFkkuh; Hkkjrh;ksa osQ çfr HksnHkkoiw.kZ O;ogkj dks ns[kdj 
ijs'kku FksA mUgksaus Lo;a cgqr vieku dk lkeuk fd;k FkkA 
muosQ thou dk egRoiw.kZ eksM+ ihVjeSfjV~tcxZ jsyos LVs'ku ij 
gqbZ ,d ?kVuk Fkh] tgka mUgsa çFke Js.kh dk oSèk fVdV gksus 
osQ ckotwn çFke Js.kh osQ fMCcs ls ckgj fudky fn;k x;k 
FkkA dkj.k ;g Fkk fd mudk jax xksjk ugha FkkA bl vieku 
us mUgsa vkgr fd;kA mUgksaus Hkh"k.k BaM esa jkr fcrkbZ] muosQ 
fnekx+ esa ;g cgl py jgh Fkh fd D;k mUgsa ;k=kk tkjh j[kuh 
pkfg, ;k Hkkjr ykSV tkuk pkfg,A
og eksgunkl osQ dk;kiyV dh jkr FkhA mudh ft+Eesnkjh 
dh Hkkouk çcy gqbZ] mUgksaus oqQN vkSj viekutud ?kVukvksa 
dks >syk] ysfdu lkgl tqVk;kA le; osQ lkFk] og LFkkuh; 
Hkkjrh;ksa dks ,d lkFk ykus esa liQy gq, vkSj 22 vxLr] 
1894 dks jax iwokZxzg osQ f[+kyki+Q yM+us osQ fy, usVy bafM;u 
dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk dhA 1901 esa os Hkkjr ykSV vk,A vkrs 
le;] mUgksaus vk'oklu fn;k fd ;fn mudh lsokvksa dh 
xka
??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? : ???????????? ??????
40 ??? 2023
Page 2


40 ??? 2023
ekuo e'khu dk lq[kn dk;Z] fofHkUu ?kVd] Hkkxksa dh lkeatL;iw.kZ xfrfofèk ij fuHkZj djrk 
gSA xkaèkhth dh laèkkj.kh; vkSj U;wure vko';drkvksa osQ lkFk thus dh 'kSyh vkRe&vuq'kklu 
ij vkèkkfjr FkhA ifjxzg dk rkRi;Z Hkfo"; osQ fy, çkoèkku ls gSA ;fn çR;sd O;fDr vius 
ikl osQoy mruk j[ks ftrus dh mls vko';drk gS] rks dksbZ Hkh vHkkoxzLr ugha gksxk] vkSj 
lHkh larks"k esa jgsaxsA
?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ????? varshadas42@gmail.com
èkhth 1930 esa tc ;jonk osQaæh; dkjkxkj esa 
Fks] rc muosQ vkJeoklh çkFkZuk osQ ckn muosQ 
nSfud çopuksa dks ;kn djrs Fks] blfy, muosQ 
vkxzg ij xkaèkhth us lR;kxzg vkJe dks lkIrkfgd i=k fy[ksA 
muesa vkJe osQ çeq[k vuq"Bkuksa osQ vuqikyu dh ljljh ij[k 
gksrh Fkh] ftls X;kjg çfrKkvksa osQ :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA buesa 
xkaèkhoknh fopkj vkSj n'kZu lekfgr gSA ;s gSa% lR;] vfgalk] 
czãp;Z&'kq¼rk] Lokn ij fu;a=k.k] vLrs;] vifjxzg] fuHkZ;rk] 
vLi`';rk dk mUewyu] jksVh osQ fy, Je] lfg".kqrk&èkeks± dh 
lekurk vkSj Lons'khA
xkaèkhth osQ vuqlkj] ladYi dk vFkZ gS n`<+ fu'p;] 
;g gesa çyksHku osQ f[+kyki+Q enn djrk gSA n`<+ ladYi ;fn 
vlqfoèkk osQ lkeus >qd tkrk gS rks mldk dksbZ ewY; ugha gSA 
ftl çdkj vfgalk dk ikyu cyoku O;fDr gh dj ldrk gS] 
dk;j ugha] mlh çdkj ladYi Hkh 'kfDr dk y{k.k gS] nqcZyrk 
dk ugha] xkaèkhth bu çfrKkvksa osQ lkFk thrs FksA okLro esa] og 
Lo;a ij ç;ksx djosQ bu fu"d"kks± ij igqapsA blhfy, mudh 
vkRedFkk dks ^lR; osQ lkFk esjs ç;ksx* osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk 
gSA mudk thou lR; ls lR; dh ;k=kk gSA
eksgunkl djepan xkaèkh dkSu Fks\
og xqtjkr çkar osQ iksjcanj esa ,d vPNs (vehj) ifjokj 
ls rkYyqd j[krs FksA os 1888 esa baXySaM x, vkSj cSfjLVj dh 
mikfèk çkIr dhA mUgksaus [kqn dks fczfV'k ckj esa ukekafdr fd;k 
ysfdu] vxys gh fnu Hkkjr osQ fy, jokuk gks x,A Hkkjr 
okil vkdj os ckWEcs x,] cSfjLVj osQ :i esa mPp U;k;ky; 
esa ukekadu osQ fy, vkosnu fd;k] odkyr djus dh dksf'k'k 
dh ysfdu liQy ugha gq,A muesa vkRefo'okl dh deh FkhA 
,d cqt+qxZ fj'rsnkj dh lykg ij] mUgksaus 'ksB vCnqYyk osQ 
fy, xqtjkrh o+Qkuwuh nLrkost+ksa dk vaxzst+h esa vkSj vaxzst+h osQ 
nLrkost+ksa dk xqtjkrh esa vuqokn djus osQ fy, nf{k.k vizQhdk 
tkus dk iQSlyk fd;kA eksgunkl us ns[kk fd 'ksB vCnqYyk 
vius gh ppsjs HkkbZ osQ f[kyki+Q eqo+Qnek yM+ jgs gSa vkSj yacs 
le; ls pys vk jgs eqo+Qnes ij nksuksa us cgqr iSlk vkSj le; 
[kpZ fd;k gSA eksgunkl us ekeys dks vnkyr ls ckgj fuiVkus 
esa dke;kch gkfly dhA laokn vkSj ckrphr 'kkafr LFkkfir 
djus osQ muosQ rjhosQ FksA vius çokl osQ nkSjku] og vaxzstksa 
}kjk LFkkuh; Hkkjrh;ksa osQ çfr HksnHkkoiw.kZ O;ogkj dks ns[kdj 
ijs'kku FksA mUgksaus Lo;a cgqr vieku dk lkeuk fd;k FkkA 
muosQ thou dk egRoiw.kZ eksM+ ihVjeSfjV~tcxZ jsyos LVs'ku ij 
gqbZ ,d ?kVuk Fkh] tgka mUgsa çFke Js.kh dk oSèk fVdV gksus 
osQ ckotwn çFke Js.kh osQ fMCcs ls ckgj fudky fn;k x;k 
FkkA dkj.k ;g Fkk fd mudk jax xksjk ugha FkkA bl vieku 
us mUgsa vkgr fd;kA mUgksaus Hkh"k.k BaM esa jkr fcrkbZ] muosQ 
fnekx+ esa ;g cgl py jgh Fkh fd D;k mUgsa ;k=kk tkjh j[kuh 
pkfg, ;k Hkkjr ykSV tkuk pkfg,A
og eksgunkl osQ dk;kiyV dh jkr FkhA mudh ft+Eesnkjh 
dh Hkkouk çcy gqbZ] mUgksaus oqQN vkSj viekutud ?kVukvksa 
dks >syk] ysfdu lkgl tqVk;kA le; osQ lkFk] og LFkkuh; 
Hkkjrh;ksa dks ,d lkFk ykus esa liQy gq, vkSj 22 vxLr] 
1894 dks jax iwokZxzg osQ f[+kyki+Q yM+us osQ fy, usVy bafM;u 
dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk dhA 1901 esa os Hkkjr ykSV vk,A vkrs 
le;] mUgksaus vk'oklu fn;k fd ;fn mudh lsokvksa dh 
xka
??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? : ???????????? ??????
40 ??? 2023 41 ??? 2023
vifjxzg ,d 
,slk fl¼kar gS 
tks fopkjksa ij 
Hkh ykxw gksrk 
gSA euq"; vius 
efLr"d dks O;FkZ 
osQ Kku ls D;ksa 
Hkjs\ ftl pht+ 
dh t+:jr ugha gS 
mls gkfly djus 
dh vknr eu ij 
Hkh cks> cu tkrh 
gS vkSj i;kZoj.k 
ij Hkh---
41 ??? 2023
Page 3


40 ??? 2023
ekuo e'khu dk lq[kn dk;Z] fofHkUu ?kVd] Hkkxksa dh lkeatL;iw.kZ xfrfofèk ij fuHkZj djrk 
gSA xkaèkhth dh laèkkj.kh; vkSj U;wure vko';drkvksa osQ lkFk thus dh 'kSyh vkRe&vuq'kklu 
ij vkèkkfjr FkhA ifjxzg dk rkRi;Z Hkfo"; osQ fy, çkoèkku ls gSA ;fn çR;sd O;fDr vius 
ikl osQoy mruk j[ks ftrus dh mls vko';drk gS] rks dksbZ Hkh vHkkoxzLr ugha gksxk] vkSj 
lHkh larks"k esa jgsaxsA
?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ????? varshadas42@gmail.com
èkhth 1930 esa tc ;jonk osQaæh; dkjkxkj esa 
Fks] rc muosQ vkJeoklh çkFkZuk osQ ckn muosQ 
nSfud çopuksa dks ;kn djrs Fks] blfy, muosQ 
vkxzg ij xkaèkhth us lR;kxzg vkJe dks lkIrkfgd i=k fy[ksA 
muesa vkJe osQ çeq[k vuq"Bkuksa osQ vuqikyu dh ljljh ij[k 
gksrh Fkh] ftls X;kjg çfrKkvksa osQ :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA buesa 
xkaèkhoknh fopkj vkSj n'kZu lekfgr gSA ;s gSa% lR;] vfgalk] 
czãp;Z&'kq¼rk] Lokn ij fu;a=k.k] vLrs;] vifjxzg] fuHkZ;rk] 
vLi`';rk dk mUewyu] jksVh osQ fy, Je] lfg".kqrk&èkeks± dh 
lekurk vkSj Lons'khA
xkaèkhth osQ vuqlkj] ladYi dk vFkZ gS n`<+ fu'p;] 
;g gesa çyksHku osQ f[+kyki+Q enn djrk gSA n`<+ ladYi ;fn 
vlqfoèkk osQ lkeus >qd tkrk gS rks mldk dksbZ ewY; ugha gSA 
ftl çdkj vfgalk dk ikyu cyoku O;fDr gh dj ldrk gS] 
dk;j ugha] mlh çdkj ladYi Hkh 'kfDr dk y{k.k gS] nqcZyrk 
dk ugha] xkaèkhth bu çfrKkvksa osQ lkFk thrs FksA okLro esa] og 
Lo;a ij ç;ksx djosQ bu fu"d"kks± ij igqapsA blhfy, mudh 
vkRedFkk dks ^lR; osQ lkFk esjs ç;ksx* osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk 
gSA mudk thou lR; ls lR; dh ;k=kk gSA
eksgunkl djepan xkaèkh dkSu Fks\
og xqtjkr çkar osQ iksjcanj esa ,d vPNs (vehj) ifjokj 
ls rkYyqd j[krs FksA os 1888 esa baXySaM x, vkSj cSfjLVj dh 
mikfèk çkIr dhA mUgksaus [kqn dks fczfV'k ckj esa ukekafdr fd;k 
ysfdu] vxys gh fnu Hkkjr osQ fy, jokuk gks x,A Hkkjr 
okil vkdj os ckWEcs x,] cSfjLVj osQ :i esa mPp U;k;ky; 
esa ukekadu osQ fy, vkosnu fd;k] odkyr djus dh dksf'k'k 
dh ysfdu liQy ugha gq,A muesa vkRefo'okl dh deh FkhA 
,d cqt+qxZ fj'rsnkj dh lykg ij] mUgksaus 'ksB vCnqYyk osQ 
fy, xqtjkrh o+Qkuwuh nLrkost+ksa dk vaxzst+h esa vkSj vaxzst+h osQ 
nLrkost+ksa dk xqtjkrh esa vuqokn djus osQ fy, nf{k.k vizQhdk 
tkus dk iQSlyk fd;kA eksgunkl us ns[kk fd 'ksB vCnqYyk 
vius gh ppsjs HkkbZ osQ f[kyki+Q eqo+Qnek yM+ jgs gSa vkSj yacs 
le; ls pys vk jgs eqo+Qnes ij nksuksa us cgqr iSlk vkSj le; 
[kpZ fd;k gSA eksgunkl us ekeys dks vnkyr ls ckgj fuiVkus 
esa dke;kch gkfly dhA laokn vkSj ckrphr 'kkafr LFkkfir 
djus osQ muosQ rjhosQ FksA vius çokl osQ nkSjku] og vaxzstksa 
}kjk LFkkuh; Hkkjrh;ksa osQ çfr HksnHkkoiw.kZ O;ogkj dks ns[kdj 
ijs'kku FksA mUgksaus Lo;a cgqr vieku dk lkeuk fd;k FkkA 
muosQ thou dk egRoiw.kZ eksM+ ihVjeSfjV~tcxZ jsyos LVs'ku ij 
gqbZ ,d ?kVuk Fkh] tgka mUgsa çFke Js.kh dk oSèk fVdV gksus 
osQ ckotwn çFke Js.kh osQ fMCcs ls ckgj fudky fn;k x;k 
FkkA dkj.k ;g Fkk fd mudk jax xksjk ugha FkkA bl vieku 
us mUgsa vkgr fd;kA mUgksaus Hkh"k.k BaM esa jkr fcrkbZ] muosQ 
fnekx+ esa ;g cgl py jgh Fkh fd D;k mUgsa ;k=kk tkjh j[kuh 
pkfg, ;k Hkkjr ykSV tkuk pkfg,A
og eksgunkl osQ dk;kiyV dh jkr FkhA mudh ft+Eesnkjh 
dh Hkkouk çcy gqbZ] mUgksaus oqQN vkSj viekutud ?kVukvksa 
dks >syk] ysfdu lkgl tqVk;kA le; osQ lkFk] og LFkkuh; 
Hkkjrh;ksa dks ,d lkFk ykus esa liQy gq, vkSj 22 vxLr] 
1894 dks jax iwokZxzg osQ f[+kyki+Q yM+us osQ fy, usVy bafM;u 
dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk dhA 1901 esa os Hkkjr ykSV vk,A vkrs 
le;] mUgksaus vk'oklu fn;k fd ;fn mudh lsokvksa dh 
xka
??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? : ???????????? ??????
40 ??? 2023 41 ??? 2023
vifjxzg ,d 
,slk fl¼kar gS 
tks fopkjksa ij 
Hkh ykxw gksrk 
gSA euq"; vius 
efLr"d dks O;FkZ 
osQ Kku ls D;ksa 
Hkjs\ ftl pht+ 
dh t+:jr ugha gS 
mls gkfly djus 
dh vknr eu ij 
Hkh cks> cu tkrh 
gS vkSj i;kZoj.k 
ij Hkh---
41 ??? 2023 42 ??? 2023
vko';drk gksxh rks os fiQj nf{k.k vizQhdk ykSVsaaxsA ,slk 
gqvk Hkh vkSj mUgsa okil cqyk fy;k x;kA uoacj 1902 esa os 
okil vk x,A vDVwcj 1904 esa mUgksaus lkIrkfgd lekpkj 
i=k bafM;u vksfifu;u dh ft+Eesnkjh laHkkyhA ;g 'kq#vkr 
esa vaxzst+h] xqtjkrh] fganh vkSj rfey esa çdkf'kr gqvk FkkA 
lekpkj&i=k vkSj çsl dks iQhfuDl ys tk;k x;k vkSj 1904 esa 
iQhfuDl lsVyesaV dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA ;g lkeqnkf;d thou 
dh 'kq#vkr FkhA
bafM;u vksfifu;u esa] eksgunkl us xkbM Vw gsYFk 'kh"kZd 
osQ rgr oqQN ys[k fy[ksA ;s xqtjkrh esa fy[ks x, Fks vkSj 
muosQ vklikl osQ yksxksa osQ çfr mudh fpark ij vkèkkfjr FksA 
;g o"kZ 1906 osQ vklikl dh ckr gSA ;s ys[k ckn esa iqLrd 
:i esa çdkf'kr gq,A mUgksaus bu ys[kksa esa mYys[k fd;k fd 
lHkh ekuoh; xfrfofèk;ka nl bafæ;ksa dh lgk;rk ls eu osQ 
ekè;e ls dh tkrh gSaA ;s ikap desZfUæ;ka vkSj ikap vuqHkwfr;ka 
gSaA ekuo e'khu dk ,d lq[kn dk;Z fofHkUu ?kVd Hkkxksa dh 
lkeatL;iw.kZ xfrfofèk ij fuHkZj djrk gSA blfy, mudk ç'u 
Fkk] ^^ekuo 'kjhj dk D;k mi;ksx gS\** nqfu;k esa gj pht++ dk 
bLrseky vkSj nq#i;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ,d 'kk'or 
lR; gSA 'kjhj dks Hkxoku dk eafnj ekuuk pkfg,A
xkaèkhth ges'kk ,d ulZ vkSj MkWDVj osQ :i esa rS;kj jgrs 
FksA mUgksaus vius ekrk&firk ls dgk Fkk fd mUgsa MkWDVj cuus 
osQ fy, baXySaM Hkstk tkuk pkfg, u fd cSfjLVj cuus osQ 
fy,A bl ij mUgsa tokc feyk Fkk fd MkWDVj cuus osQ fy, 
mUgsa tkuojksa vkSj ;gka rd fd balkuksa dh Hkh phj&iQkM+ djuh 
iM+sxh vkSj ;g ikfjokfjd ewY;ksa osQ vuq:Ik ugha gSA chekjksa 
dh ns[kHkky djus dk mudk tquwu çkÑfrd&mipkj vkSj 
vkgkj osQ ekè;e ls FkkA mudk ;g Hkh ekuuk Fkk fd euq"; 
dh ekufld vkSj vkè;kfRed vkjksX; dks ut+jvankt+ ugha 
fd;k tk ldrk gSA xkaèkhth us viuh thou 'kSyh esa 'kjhj] 
eu vkSj vkRek osQ ijLij tqM+ko dks vPNh rjg ls cuk, 
j[kk ftlesa nSfud thou esa X;kjg ozrksa dk ikyu 'kkfey 
gSA baXySaM esa 'kkdkgkj ij vius ,d Hkk"k.k osQ nkSjku] mUgksaus 
dgk Fkk fd euq"; ekalkgkjh tkuoj osQ :i esa iSnk ugha gqvk 
gS] cfYd i`Foh ij mxus okys iQyksa vkSj tM+h&cwfV;ksa ij 
fuHkZj jgus osQ fy, iSnk gqvk gSA mUgksaus viuk vkgkj osQoy 
ikap oLrqvksa rd lhfer dj j[kk FkkA O;fDr dk [kku&iku 
'kkjhfjd Je osQ vuqlkj gh gksuk pkfg,A ,d O;fDr dk 
vfèkd Hkkstu [kkuk u osQoy mlosQ ikpu ra=k dks [kjkc 
djrk gS cfYd mu yksxksa dks Hkh Hkkstu ls oafpr djrk gS 
ftUgsa bldh vko';drk gksrh gSA
Lokn ij dkcw ikuk X;kjg ozrksa esa ls ,d gSA tc Hkh 
dksbZ T;knk [kkrk gS rks 'kjhj dks uqdlku gksrk gSA vke jlksbZ 
esa ,slk gh Hkkstu curk gS tks 'kjhj dks lsok osQ fy, mi;qDr 
cuk, j[krk gSA pksjh u djus dk ikyu fdlh dh oLrq pqjkus 
rd gh lhfer ugha gS] ;g vkSj Hkh vkxs tkrk gSA ^ftl 
iQy dh eq>s vko';drk ugha gS] mls [kkuk ;k vko';drk 
ls vfèkd ek=kk esa ysuk esjs fy, pksjh gSA ge ges'kk viuh 
okLrfod t+:jrksa osQ ckjs esa tkx:d ugha gksrs gSa] vkSj ge esa 
ls vfèkdka'k yksx viuh vko';drkvksa dks c<+k nsrs gSa] vkSj 
bl çdkj vutkus esa [kqn dks pksj cuk ysrs gSaA*
fot;csu iapksyh osQ lsokxzke esa jgus osQ nkSjku dh ,d 
fnypLi ?kVuk gSA xehZ osQ fnuksa esa vke dk ekSle FkkA 
;qok fot;k çfrfnu xkaèkhth osQ fy, ,d NksVh dVksjh esa nks 
LFkkuh; vkeksa dk jl fudkyrh FkhA ,d fnu ,slk gqvk fd 
I;kyk Hkj ugha ik;k rks fot;k us ,d vke vkSj fy;k rFkk 
jl dks ,d cM+s I;kys esa Mky fn;kA ckiw dks og dVksjk 
ijkslrs gq, fot;k us èkhjs ls dgk fd dVksjk FkksM+k cM+k gS 
vkSj og jlksbZ esa pyh xbZA ckiw vius fe=k gjeu dkysuck[k 
ls ckr djus esa O;Lr FksA mUgksaus fot;k dh ckr ugha lquhA 
Hkkstu lekIr djus osQ ckn] mUgksaus dVksjk mBk;k vkSj mls 
cM+k ik;kA mUgksaus fot;k dks cqyk;k vkSj iwNk fd dVksjk cM+k 
D;ksa gSA fot;k us le>k;kA ckiw us ç.k fy;k Fkk fd mudh 
Fkkyh esa [kkuk ugha cpsxk] dksbZ viO;; ugha gksuk pkfg, vkSj 
Page 4


40 ??? 2023
ekuo e'khu dk lq[kn dk;Z] fofHkUu ?kVd] Hkkxksa dh lkeatL;iw.kZ xfrfofèk ij fuHkZj djrk 
gSA xkaèkhth dh laèkkj.kh; vkSj U;wure vko';drkvksa osQ lkFk thus dh 'kSyh vkRe&vuq'kklu 
ij vkèkkfjr FkhA ifjxzg dk rkRi;Z Hkfo"; osQ fy, çkoèkku ls gSA ;fn çR;sd O;fDr vius 
ikl osQoy mruk j[ks ftrus dh mls vko';drk gS] rks dksbZ Hkh vHkkoxzLr ugha gksxk] vkSj 
lHkh larks"k esa jgsaxsA
?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ????? varshadas42@gmail.com
èkhth 1930 esa tc ;jonk osQaæh; dkjkxkj esa 
Fks] rc muosQ vkJeoklh çkFkZuk osQ ckn muosQ 
nSfud çopuksa dks ;kn djrs Fks] blfy, muosQ 
vkxzg ij xkaèkhth us lR;kxzg vkJe dks lkIrkfgd i=k fy[ksA 
muesa vkJe osQ çeq[k vuq"Bkuksa osQ vuqikyu dh ljljh ij[k 
gksrh Fkh] ftls X;kjg çfrKkvksa osQ :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA buesa 
xkaèkhoknh fopkj vkSj n'kZu lekfgr gSA ;s gSa% lR;] vfgalk] 
czãp;Z&'kq¼rk] Lokn ij fu;a=k.k] vLrs;] vifjxzg] fuHkZ;rk] 
vLi`';rk dk mUewyu] jksVh osQ fy, Je] lfg".kqrk&èkeks± dh 
lekurk vkSj Lons'khA
xkaèkhth osQ vuqlkj] ladYi dk vFkZ gS n`<+ fu'p;] 
;g gesa çyksHku osQ f[+kyki+Q enn djrk gSA n`<+ ladYi ;fn 
vlqfoèkk osQ lkeus >qd tkrk gS rks mldk dksbZ ewY; ugha gSA 
ftl çdkj vfgalk dk ikyu cyoku O;fDr gh dj ldrk gS] 
dk;j ugha] mlh çdkj ladYi Hkh 'kfDr dk y{k.k gS] nqcZyrk 
dk ugha] xkaèkhth bu çfrKkvksa osQ lkFk thrs FksA okLro esa] og 
Lo;a ij ç;ksx djosQ bu fu"d"kks± ij igqapsA blhfy, mudh 
vkRedFkk dks ^lR; osQ lkFk esjs ç;ksx* osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk 
gSA mudk thou lR; ls lR; dh ;k=kk gSA
eksgunkl djepan xkaèkh dkSu Fks\
og xqtjkr çkar osQ iksjcanj esa ,d vPNs (vehj) ifjokj 
ls rkYyqd j[krs FksA os 1888 esa baXySaM x, vkSj cSfjLVj dh 
mikfèk çkIr dhA mUgksaus [kqn dks fczfV'k ckj esa ukekafdr fd;k 
ysfdu] vxys gh fnu Hkkjr osQ fy, jokuk gks x,A Hkkjr 
okil vkdj os ckWEcs x,] cSfjLVj osQ :i esa mPp U;k;ky; 
esa ukekadu osQ fy, vkosnu fd;k] odkyr djus dh dksf'k'k 
dh ysfdu liQy ugha gq,A muesa vkRefo'okl dh deh FkhA 
,d cqt+qxZ fj'rsnkj dh lykg ij] mUgksaus 'ksB vCnqYyk osQ 
fy, xqtjkrh o+Qkuwuh nLrkost+ksa dk vaxzst+h esa vkSj vaxzst+h osQ 
nLrkost+ksa dk xqtjkrh esa vuqokn djus osQ fy, nf{k.k vizQhdk 
tkus dk iQSlyk fd;kA eksgunkl us ns[kk fd 'ksB vCnqYyk 
vius gh ppsjs HkkbZ osQ f[kyki+Q eqo+Qnek yM+ jgs gSa vkSj yacs 
le; ls pys vk jgs eqo+Qnes ij nksuksa us cgqr iSlk vkSj le; 
[kpZ fd;k gSA eksgunkl us ekeys dks vnkyr ls ckgj fuiVkus 
esa dke;kch gkfly dhA laokn vkSj ckrphr 'kkafr LFkkfir 
djus osQ muosQ rjhosQ FksA vius çokl osQ nkSjku] og vaxzstksa 
}kjk LFkkuh; Hkkjrh;ksa osQ çfr HksnHkkoiw.kZ O;ogkj dks ns[kdj 
ijs'kku FksA mUgksaus Lo;a cgqr vieku dk lkeuk fd;k FkkA 
muosQ thou dk egRoiw.kZ eksM+ ihVjeSfjV~tcxZ jsyos LVs'ku ij 
gqbZ ,d ?kVuk Fkh] tgka mUgsa çFke Js.kh dk oSèk fVdV gksus 
osQ ckotwn çFke Js.kh osQ fMCcs ls ckgj fudky fn;k x;k 
FkkA dkj.k ;g Fkk fd mudk jax xksjk ugha FkkA bl vieku 
us mUgsa vkgr fd;kA mUgksaus Hkh"k.k BaM esa jkr fcrkbZ] muosQ 
fnekx+ esa ;g cgl py jgh Fkh fd D;k mUgsa ;k=kk tkjh j[kuh 
pkfg, ;k Hkkjr ykSV tkuk pkfg,A
og eksgunkl osQ dk;kiyV dh jkr FkhA mudh ft+Eesnkjh 
dh Hkkouk çcy gqbZ] mUgksaus oqQN vkSj viekutud ?kVukvksa 
dks >syk] ysfdu lkgl tqVk;kA le; osQ lkFk] og LFkkuh; 
Hkkjrh;ksa dks ,d lkFk ykus esa liQy gq, vkSj 22 vxLr] 
1894 dks jax iwokZxzg osQ f[+kyki+Q yM+us osQ fy, usVy bafM;u 
dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk dhA 1901 esa os Hkkjr ykSV vk,A vkrs 
le;] mUgksaus vk'oklu fn;k fd ;fn mudh lsokvksa dh 
xka
??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? : ???????????? ??????
40 ??? 2023 41 ??? 2023
vifjxzg ,d 
,slk fl¼kar gS 
tks fopkjksa ij 
Hkh ykxw gksrk 
gSA euq"; vius 
efLr"d dks O;FkZ 
osQ Kku ls D;ksa 
Hkjs\ ftl pht+ 
dh t+:jr ugha gS 
mls gkfly djus 
dh vknr eu ij 
Hkh cks> cu tkrh 
gS vkSj i;kZoj.k 
ij Hkh---
41 ??? 2023 42 ??? 2023
vko';drk gksxh rks os fiQj nf{k.k vizQhdk ykSVsaaxsA ,slk 
gqvk Hkh vkSj mUgsa okil cqyk fy;k x;kA uoacj 1902 esa os 
okil vk x,A vDVwcj 1904 esa mUgksaus lkIrkfgd lekpkj 
i=k bafM;u vksfifu;u dh ft+Eesnkjh laHkkyhA ;g 'kq#vkr 
esa vaxzst+h] xqtjkrh] fganh vkSj rfey esa çdkf'kr gqvk FkkA 
lekpkj&i=k vkSj çsl dks iQhfuDl ys tk;k x;k vkSj 1904 esa 
iQhfuDl lsVyesaV dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA ;g lkeqnkf;d thou 
dh 'kq#vkr FkhA
bafM;u vksfifu;u esa] eksgunkl us xkbM Vw gsYFk 'kh"kZd 
osQ rgr oqQN ys[k fy[ksA ;s xqtjkrh esa fy[ks x, Fks vkSj 
muosQ vklikl osQ yksxksa osQ çfr mudh fpark ij vkèkkfjr FksA 
;g o"kZ 1906 osQ vklikl dh ckr gSA ;s ys[k ckn esa iqLrd 
:i esa çdkf'kr gq,A mUgksaus bu ys[kksa esa mYys[k fd;k fd 
lHkh ekuoh; xfrfofèk;ka nl bafæ;ksa dh lgk;rk ls eu osQ 
ekè;e ls dh tkrh gSaA ;s ikap desZfUæ;ka vkSj ikap vuqHkwfr;ka 
gSaA ekuo e'khu dk ,d lq[kn dk;Z fofHkUu ?kVd Hkkxksa dh 
lkeatL;iw.kZ xfrfofèk ij fuHkZj djrk gSA blfy, mudk ç'u 
Fkk] ^^ekuo 'kjhj dk D;k mi;ksx gS\** nqfu;k esa gj pht++ dk 
bLrseky vkSj nq#i;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ,d 'kk'or 
lR; gSA 'kjhj dks Hkxoku dk eafnj ekuuk pkfg,A
xkaèkhth ges'kk ,d ulZ vkSj MkWDVj osQ :i esa rS;kj jgrs 
FksA mUgksaus vius ekrk&firk ls dgk Fkk fd mUgsa MkWDVj cuus 
osQ fy, baXySaM Hkstk tkuk pkfg, u fd cSfjLVj cuus osQ 
fy,A bl ij mUgsa tokc feyk Fkk fd MkWDVj cuus osQ fy, 
mUgsa tkuojksa vkSj ;gka rd fd balkuksa dh Hkh phj&iQkM+ djuh 
iM+sxh vkSj ;g ikfjokfjd ewY;ksa osQ vuq:Ik ugha gSA chekjksa 
dh ns[kHkky djus dk mudk tquwu çkÑfrd&mipkj vkSj 
vkgkj osQ ekè;e ls FkkA mudk ;g Hkh ekuuk Fkk fd euq"; 
dh ekufld vkSj vkè;kfRed vkjksX; dks ut+jvankt+ ugha 
fd;k tk ldrk gSA xkaèkhth us viuh thou 'kSyh esa 'kjhj] 
eu vkSj vkRek osQ ijLij tqM+ko dks vPNh rjg ls cuk, 
j[kk ftlesa nSfud thou esa X;kjg ozrksa dk ikyu 'kkfey 
gSA baXySaM esa 'kkdkgkj ij vius ,d Hkk"k.k osQ nkSjku] mUgksaus 
dgk Fkk fd euq"; ekalkgkjh tkuoj osQ :i esa iSnk ugha gqvk 
gS] cfYd i`Foh ij mxus okys iQyksa vkSj tM+h&cwfV;ksa ij 
fuHkZj jgus osQ fy, iSnk gqvk gSA mUgksaus viuk vkgkj osQoy 
ikap oLrqvksa rd lhfer dj j[kk FkkA O;fDr dk [kku&iku 
'kkjhfjd Je osQ vuqlkj gh gksuk pkfg,A ,d O;fDr dk 
vfèkd Hkkstu [kkuk u osQoy mlosQ ikpu ra=k dks [kjkc 
djrk gS cfYd mu yksxksa dks Hkh Hkkstu ls oafpr djrk gS 
ftUgsa bldh vko';drk gksrh gSA
Lokn ij dkcw ikuk X;kjg ozrksa esa ls ,d gSA tc Hkh 
dksbZ T;knk [kkrk gS rks 'kjhj dks uqdlku gksrk gSA vke jlksbZ 
esa ,slk gh Hkkstu curk gS tks 'kjhj dks lsok osQ fy, mi;qDr 
cuk, j[krk gSA pksjh u djus dk ikyu fdlh dh oLrq pqjkus 
rd gh lhfer ugha gS] ;g vkSj Hkh vkxs tkrk gSA ^ftl 
iQy dh eq>s vko';drk ugha gS] mls [kkuk ;k vko';drk 
ls vfèkd ek=kk esa ysuk esjs fy, pksjh gSA ge ges'kk viuh 
okLrfod t+:jrksa osQ ckjs esa tkx:d ugha gksrs gSa] vkSj ge esa 
ls vfèkdka'k yksx viuh vko';drkvksa dks c<+k nsrs gSa] vkSj 
bl çdkj vutkus esa [kqn dks pksj cuk ysrs gSaA*
fot;csu iapksyh osQ lsokxzke esa jgus osQ nkSjku dh ,d 
fnypLi ?kVuk gSA xehZ osQ fnuksa esa vke dk ekSle FkkA 
;qok fot;k çfrfnu xkaèkhth osQ fy, ,d NksVh dVksjh esa nks 
LFkkuh; vkeksa dk jl fudkyrh FkhA ,d fnu ,slk gqvk fd 
I;kyk Hkj ugha ik;k rks fot;k us ,d vke vkSj fy;k rFkk 
jl dks ,d cM+s I;kys esa Mky fn;kA ckiw dks og dVksjk 
ijkslrs gq, fot;k us èkhjs ls dgk fd dVksjk FkksM+k cM+k gS 
vkSj og jlksbZ esa pyh xbZA ckiw vius fe=k gjeu dkysuck[k 
ls ckr djus esa O;Lr FksA mUgksaus fot;k dh ckr ugha lquhA 
Hkkstu lekIr djus osQ ckn] mUgksaus dVksjk mBk;k vkSj mls 
cM+k ik;kA mUgksaus fot;k dks cqyk;k vkSj iwNk fd dVksjk cM+k 
D;ksa gSA fot;k us le>k;kA ckiw us ç.k fy;k Fkk fd mudh 
Fkkyh esa [kkuk ugha cpsxk] dksbZ viO;; ugha gksuk pkfg, vkSj 
43 ??? 2023
vfèkd Hkkstu Hkh ugha djuk pkfg,A mUgksaus dgk fd mudk 
isV owQM+knku ugha gSA 'kjhj vko';drk ls vfèkd Hkkstu ipk 
ugha ik,xkA
xkaèkhth dh laèkkj.kh; vkSj U;wure thou 'kSyh vkRe& 
vuq'kklu ij vkèkkfjr FkhA ,d ckj ,d lTtu ftUgksaus 
,e-,- ,y,ych dh fMxzh çkIr dh Fkh] xkaèkhth osQ vkJe 
esa x, vkSj muls dgk fd mUgsa vkJe osQ ekeyksa esa enn 
djus esa [kq'kh gksxhA xkaèkhth xsgwa lkiQ dj jgs FksA mUgksaus 
dgk] ^^Ñi;k vkb,! bl xsgwa dh liQkbZ esa 'kkfey gksaA** 
og lTtu odhy dh iks'kkd] dkWyj] VkbZ] iSUV vkfn esa FksA 
muosQ fy, t+ehu ij cSBuk eqf'dy gks jgk FkkA gkykafd] 
mUgksaus vkèks ?kaVs rd cSBdj xsgwa lkiQ fd;kA mUgksaus [kwc 
ilhuk cgk;k] fiQj mUgksaus xkaèkhth dh vuqefr yh vkSj 
pys x,A 'kke dh çkFkZuk osQ ckn] vius lacksèku osQ nkSjku] 
xkaèkhth us ;g ?kVuk lqukbZ vkSj dgk fd os ml lTtu dks 
nks"k ugha nsrs D;ksafd ubZ f'k{kk nSfud dk;Z osQ fy, gkFkksa 
osQ mi;ksx dk egRo ugha fl[kkrh gSA
lu~ 1928 esa xkaèkhth us vkJe osQ fy, oqQN fu;e 
cuk,A os Fks%
1- lHkh vkJeokfl;ksa dks lqcg 4 cts çkFkZuk esa 'kkfey 
gksuk pkfg,A
2- lHkh dks lkeqnkf;d jlksbZ esa [kkuk pkfg,A
3- çfrfnu 160 xzke lwr dkruk pkfg,A
4- ?kj osQ dke osQ fy, fdlh ukSdj ;k et+nwj dks dke 
ij ugha j[kuk pkfg,A
5- lHkh o;Ld iq#"kksa dks jkf=k fuxjkuh djuh pkfg,A
6- lHkh ;qok vkSj o;Ld ckjh&ckjh ls 'kkSpky; dh liQkbZ 
djsaA
7- vkJe esa jgus okys çR;sd O;fDr dks çfrfnu de ls 
de 8 ?kaVs vkJe dk dk;Z djuk pkfg,A
8- çR;ssd O;fDr dks nSfud Mk;jh cukuh pkfg, vkSj fnu 
osQ nkSjku fd, x, lHkh dk;ks± dks uksV djuk pkfg,A
vkJe esa jgus okys lHkh yksxksa osQ fy, ;g egRoiw.kZ 
çf'k{k.k FkkA jlksbZ?kj dh lki+Q&li+QkbZ vkSj lCt+h dkVus osQ 
nkSjku [kqn xkaèkhth ges'kk ekStwn jgrs FksA mlh fnu ls mUgksaus 
nSfud Mk;jh cukuk 'kq: dj fn;kA Lo;a vkSj nwljksa osQ fy, 
muosQ fu;e dHkh vyx ugha FksA
vifjxzg] xSj&pksjh ls tqM+k gqvk gSA ifjxzg dk rkRi;Z 
Hkfo"; osQ fy, çkoèkku ls gSA ;fn çR;sd O;fDr vius ikl 
osQoy ogh j[ks ftldh mls vko';drk gS] rks dksbZ Hkh 
vHkkoxzLr ugha gksxk] vkSj lHkh larks"k esa jgsaxsA
,d ckj unh osQ rV ij] xkaèkhth us viuk yksVk & ,d 
NksVk èkkrq dk crZu] ikuh ls Hkjk rks ikl esa [kM+s muosQ 
lg;ksxh us muls iwNk] ^^ckiw] bruk gh D;ksa\** xkaèkhth us 
mÙkj fn;k] ^^;g unh osQoy esjh ugha gSA** Hkkstu] diM+s] 
ikuh] iQuhZpj vkfn oLrqvksa dk mi;ksx O;fDr dks osQoy 
mruk gh djuk pkfg, ftruk vko';d gksA blls O;fDr 
dk thou ljy gks tkrk gSA vifjxzg ,d ,slk fl¼kar gS 
tks fopkjksa ij Hkh ykxw gksrk gSA euq"; vius efLr"d dks 
O;FkZ osQ Kku ls D;ksa Hkjs\ ftl pht++ dh t+:jr ugha gS 
mls gkfly djus dh vknr eu ij Hkh cks> cu tkrh gS 
vkSj i;kZoj.k ij HkhA
lknk vkSj lq[kh thou thus osQ fy, X;kjg ozr Js"B lw=k 
gSaA vki ft,a vkSj nwljksa dks Hkh thus nsaA ?
lanHkZ
1- ;jonk eafnj ls] ,e- osQ- xkaèkh }kjk] igyk vaxzst+h laLdj.k 1932] 
uothou VªLV] vgenkckn }kjk çdkf'kr
2- LokLF; dh oqQath] ,e- osQ- xkaèkh }kjk] igyk vaxzst+h laLdj.k 1948] 
uothou VªLV] vgenkckn }kjk çdkf'kr
3- vkgkj vkSj vkgkj lqèkkj] ,e- osQ- xkaèkh }kjk] igyk vaxzst+h laLdj.k 
1949] uothou VªLV] vgenkckn }kjk çdkf'kr
4- ckiquks çlkn] fot;csu iapksyh }kjk] çFke xqtjkrh laLdj.k 1986] 
n'kZd ifjokj] yksdHkkjrh] luksljk }kjk çdkf'kr
5- xkaèkhthuk lekxe&ek] pujk'kadj 'kqDyk }kjk laikfnr] igyk 
xqtjkrh laLdj.k 1945] jk;pqjk cqd fMiks] oMksnjk }kjk 
çdkf'krA
Page 5


40 ??? 2023
ekuo e'khu dk lq[kn dk;Z] fofHkUu ?kVd] Hkkxksa dh lkeatL;iw.kZ xfrfofèk ij fuHkZj djrk 
gSA xkaèkhth dh laèkkj.kh; vkSj U;wure vko';drkvksa osQ lkFk thus dh 'kSyh vkRe&vuq'kklu 
ij vkèkkfjr FkhA ifjxzg dk rkRi;Z Hkfo"; osQ fy, çkoèkku ls gSA ;fn çR;sd O;fDr vius 
ikl osQoy mruk j[ks ftrus dh mls vko';drk gS] rks dksbZ Hkh vHkkoxzLr ugha gksxk] vkSj 
lHkh larks"k esa jgsaxsA
?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ????? varshadas42@gmail.com
èkhth 1930 esa tc ;jonk osQaæh; dkjkxkj esa 
Fks] rc muosQ vkJeoklh çkFkZuk osQ ckn muosQ 
nSfud çopuksa dks ;kn djrs Fks] blfy, muosQ 
vkxzg ij xkaèkhth us lR;kxzg vkJe dks lkIrkfgd i=k fy[ksA 
muesa vkJe osQ çeq[k vuq"Bkuksa osQ vuqikyu dh ljljh ij[k 
gksrh Fkh] ftls X;kjg çfrKkvksa osQ :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA buesa 
xkaèkhoknh fopkj vkSj n'kZu lekfgr gSA ;s gSa% lR;] vfgalk] 
czãp;Z&'kq¼rk] Lokn ij fu;a=k.k] vLrs;] vifjxzg] fuHkZ;rk] 
vLi`';rk dk mUewyu] jksVh osQ fy, Je] lfg".kqrk&èkeks± dh 
lekurk vkSj Lons'khA
xkaèkhth osQ vuqlkj] ladYi dk vFkZ gS n`<+ fu'p;] 
;g gesa çyksHku osQ f[+kyki+Q enn djrk gSA n`<+ ladYi ;fn 
vlqfoèkk osQ lkeus >qd tkrk gS rks mldk dksbZ ewY; ugha gSA 
ftl çdkj vfgalk dk ikyu cyoku O;fDr gh dj ldrk gS] 
dk;j ugha] mlh çdkj ladYi Hkh 'kfDr dk y{k.k gS] nqcZyrk 
dk ugha] xkaèkhth bu çfrKkvksa osQ lkFk thrs FksA okLro esa] og 
Lo;a ij ç;ksx djosQ bu fu"d"kks± ij igqapsA blhfy, mudh 
vkRedFkk dks ^lR; osQ lkFk esjs ç;ksx* osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk 
gSA mudk thou lR; ls lR; dh ;k=kk gSA
eksgunkl djepan xkaèkh dkSu Fks\
og xqtjkr çkar osQ iksjcanj esa ,d vPNs (vehj) ifjokj 
ls rkYyqd j[krs FksA os 1888 esa baXySaM x, vkSj cSfjLVj dh 
mikfèk çkIr dhA mUgksaus [kqn dks fczfV'k ckj esa ukekafdr fd;k 
ysfdu] vxys gh fnu Hkkjr osQ fy, jokuk gks x,A Hkkjr 
okil vkdj os ckWEcs x,] cSfjLVj osQ :i esa mPp U;k;ky; 
esa ukekadu osQ fy, vkosnu fd;k] odkyr djus dh dksf'k'k 
dh ysfdu liQy ugha gq,A muesa vkRefo'okl dh deh FkhA 
,d cqt+qxZ fj'rsnkj dh lykg ij] mUgksaus 'ksB vCnqYyk osQ 
fy, xqtjkrh o+Qkuwuh nLrkost+ksa dk vaxzst+h esa vkSj vaxzst+h osQ 
nLrkost+ksa dk xqtjkrh esa vuqokn djus osQ fy, nf{k.k vizQhdk 
tkus dk iQSlyk fd;kA eksgunkl us ns[kk fd 'ksB vCnqYyk 
vius gh ppsjs HkkbZ osQ f[kyki+Q eqo+Qnek yM+ jgs gSa vkSj yacs 
le; ls pys vk jgs eqo+Qnes ij nksuksa us cgqr iSlk vkSj le; 
[kpZ fd;k gSA eksgunkl us ekeys dks vnkyr ls ckgj fuiVkus 
esa dke;kch gkfly dhA laokn vkSj ckrphr 'kkafr LFkkfir 
djus osQ muosQ rjhosQ FksA vius çokl osQ nkSjku] og vaxzstksa 
}kjk LFkkuh; Hkkjrh;ksa osQ çfr HksnHkkoiw.kZ O;ogkj dks ns[kdj 
ijs'kku FksA mUgksaus Lo;a cgqr vieku dk lkeuk fd;k FkkA 
muosQ thou dk egRoiw.kZ eksM+ ihVjeSfjV~tcxZ jsyos LVs'ku ij 
gqbZ ,d ?kVuk Fkh] tgka mUgsa çFke Js.kh dk oSèk fVdV gksus 
osQ ckotwn çFke Js.kh osQ fMCcs ls ckgj fudky fn;k x;k 
FkkA dkj.k ;g Fkk fd mudk jax xksjk ugha FkkA bl vieku 
us mUgsa vkgr fd;kA mUgksaus Hkh"k.k BaM esa jkr fcrkbZ] muosQ 
fnekx+ esa ;g cgl py jgh Fkh fd D;k mUgsa ;k=kk tkjh j[kuh 
pkfg, ;k Hkkjr ykSV tkuk pkfg,A
og eksgunkl osQ dk;kiyV dh jkr FkhA mudh ft+Eesnkjh 
dh Hkkouk çcy gqbZ] mUgksaus oqQN vkSj viekutud ?kVukvksa 
dks >syk] ysfdu lkgl tqVk;kA le; osQ lkFk] og LFkkuh; 
Hkkjrh;ksa dks ,d lkFk ykus esa liQy gq, vkSj 22 vxLr] 
1894 dks jax iwokZxzg osQ f[+kyki+Q yM+us osQ fy, usVy bafM;u 
dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk dhA 1901 esa os Hkkjr ykSV vk,A vkrs 
le;] mUgksaus vk'oklu fn;k fd ;fn mudh lsokvksa dh 
xka
??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? : ???????????? ??????
40 ??? 2023 41 ??? 2023
vifjxzg ,d 
,slk fl¼kar gS 
tks fopkjksa ij 
Hkh ykxw gksrk 
gSA euq"; vius 
efLr"d dks O;FkZ 
osQ Kku ls D;ksa 
Hkjs\ ftl pht+ 
dh t+:jr ugha gS 
mls gkfly djus 
dh vknr eu ij 
Hkh cks> cu tkrh 
gS vkSj i;kZoj.k 
ij Hkh---
41 ??? 2023 42 ??? 2023
vko';drk gksxh rks os fiQj nf{k.k vizQhdk ykSVsaaxsA ,slk 
gqvk Hkh vkSj mUgsa okil cqyk fy;k x;kA uoacj 1902 esa os 
okil vk x,A vDVwcj 1904 esa mUgksaus lkIrkfgd lekpkj 
i=k bafM;u vksfifu;u dh ft+Eesnkjh laHkkyhA ;g 'kq#vkr 
esa vaxzst+h] xqtjkrh] fganh vkSj rfey esa çdkf'kr gqvk FkkA 
lekpkj&i=k vkSj çsl dks iQhfuDl ys tk;k x;k vkSj 1904 esa 
iQhfuDl lsVyesaV dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA ;g lkeqnkf;d thou 
dh 'kq#vkr FkhA
bafM;u vksfifu;u esa] eksgunkl us xkbM Vw gsYFk 'kh"kZd 
osQ rgr oqQN ys[k fy[ksA ;s xqtjkrh esa fy[ks x, Fks vkSj 
muosQ vklikl osQ yksxksa osQ çfr mudh fpark ij vkèkkfjr FksA 
;g o"kZ 1906 osQ vklikl dh ckr gSA ;s ys[k ckn esa iqLrd 
:i esa çdkf'kr gq,A mUgksaus bu ys[kksa esa mYys[k fd;k fd 
lHkh ekuoh; xfrfofèk;ka nl bafæ;ksa dh lgk;rk ls eu osQ 
ekè;e ls dh tkrh gSaA ;s ikap desZfUæ;ka vkSj ikap vuqHkwfr;ka 
gSaA ekuo e'khu dk ,d lq[kn dk;Z fofHkUu ?kVd Hkkxksa dh 
lkeatL;iw.kZ xfrfofèk ij fuHkZj djrk gSA blfy, mudk ç'u 
Fkk] ^^ekuo 'kjhj dk D;k mi;ksx gS\** nqfu;k esa gj pht++ dk 
bLrseky vkSj nq#i;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ,d 'kk'or 
lR; gSA 'kjhj dks Hkxoku dk eafnj ekuuk pkfg,A
xkaèkhth ges'kk ,d ulZ vkSj MkWDVj osQ :i esa rS;kj jgrs 
FksA mUgksaus vius ekrk&firk ls dgk Fkk fd mUgsa MkWDVj cuus 
osQ fy, baXySaM Hkstk tkuk pkfg, u fd cSfjLVj cuus osQ 
fy,A bl ij mUgsa tokc feyk Fkk fd MkWDVj cuus osQ fy, 
mUgsa tkuojksa vkSj ;gka rd fd balkuksa dh Hkh phj&iQkM+ djuh 
iM+sxh vkSj ;g ikfjokfjd ewY;ksa osQ vuq:Ik ugha gSA chekjksa 
dh ns[kHkky djus dk mudk tquwu çkÑfrd&mipkj vkSj 
vkgkj osQ ekè;e ls FkkA mudk ;g Hkh ekuuk Fkk fd euq"; 
dh ekufld vkSj vkè;kfRed vkjksX; dks ut+jvankt+ ugha 
fd;k tk ldrk gSA xkaèkhth us viuh thou 'kSyh esa 'kjhj] 
eu vkSj vkRek osQ ijLij tqM+ko dks vPNh rjg ls cuk, 
j[kk ftlesa nSfud thou esa X;kjg ozrksa dk ikyu 'kkfey 
gSA baXySaM esa 'kkdkgkj ij vius ,d Hkk"k.k osQ nkSjku] mUgksaus 
dgk Fkk fd euq"; ekalkgkjh tkuoj osQ :i esa iSnk ugha gqvk 
gS] cfYd i`Foh ij mxus okys iQyksa vkSj tM+h&cwfV;ksa ij 
fuHkZj jgus osQ fy, iSnk gqvk gSA mUgksaus viuk vkgkj osQoy 
ikap oLrqvksa rd lhfer dj j[kk FkkA O;fDr dk [kku&iku 
'kkjhfjd Je osQ vuqlkj gh gksuk pkfg,A ,d O;fDr dk 
vfèkd Hkkstu [kkuk u osQoy mlosQ ikpu ra=k dks [kjkc 
djrk gS cfYd mu yksxksa dks Hkh Hkkstu ls oafpr djrk gS 
ftUgsa bldh vko';drk gksrh gSA
Lokn ij dkcw ikuk X;kjg ozrksa esa ls ,d gSA tc Hkh 
dksbZ T;knk [kkrk gS rks 'kjhj dks uqdlku gksrk gSA vke jlksbZ 
esa ,slk gh Hkkstu curk gS tks 'kjhj dks lsok osQ fy, mi;qDr 
cuk, j[krk gSA pksjh u djus dk ikyu fdlh dh oLrq pqjkus 
rd gh lhfer ugha gS] ;g vkSj Hkh vkxs tkrk gSA ^ftl 
iQy dh eq>s vko';drk ugha gS] mls [kkuk ;k vko';drk 
ls vfèkd ek=kk esa ysuk esjs fy, pksjh gSA ge ges'kk viuh 
okLrfod t+:jrksa osQ ckjs esa tkx:d ugha gksrs gSa] vkSj ge esa 
ls vfèkdka'k yksx viuh vko';drkvksa dks c<+k nsrs gSa] vkSj 
bl çdkj vutkus esa [kqn dks pksj cuk ysrs gSaA*
fot;csu iapksyh osQ lsokxzke esa jgus osQ nkSjku dh ,d 
fnypLi ?kVuk gSA xehZ osQ fnuksa esa vke dk ekSle FkkA 
;qok fot;k çfrfnu xkaèkhth osQ fy, ,d NksVh dVksjh esa nks 
LFkkuh; vkeksa dk jl fudkyrh FkhA ,d fnu ,slk gqvk fd 
I;kyk Hkj ugha ik;k rks fot;k us ,d vke vkSj fy;k rFkk 
jl dks ,d cM+s I;kys esa Mky fn;kA ckiw dks og dVksjk 
ijkslrs gq, fot;k us èkhjs ls dgk fd dVksjk FkksM+k cM+k gS 
vkSj og jlksbZ esa pyh xbZA ckiw vius fe=k gjeu dkysuck[k 
ls ckr djus esa O;Lr FksA mUgksaus fot;k dh ckr ugha lquhA 
Hkkstu lekIr djus osQ ckn] mUgksaus dVksjk mBk;k vkSj mls 
cM+k ik;kA mUgksaus fot;k dks cqyk;k vkSj iwNk fd dVksjk cM+k 
D;ksa gSA fot;k us le>k;kA ckiw us ç.k fy;k Fkk fd mudh 
Fkkyh esa [kkuk ugha cpsxk] dksbZ viO;; ugha gksuk pkfg, vkSj 
43 ??? 2023
vfèkd Hkkstu Hkh ugha djuk pkfg,A mUgksaus dgk fd mudk 
isV owQM+knku ugha gSA 'kjhj vko';drk ls vfèkd Hkkstu ipk 
ugha ik,xkA
xkaèkhth dh laèkkj.kh; vkSj U;wure thou 'kSyh vkRe& 
vuq'kklu ij vkèkkfjr FkhA ,d ckj ,d lTtu ftUgksaus 
,e-,- ,y,ych dh fMxzh çkIr dh Fkh] xkaèkhth osQ vkJe 
esa x, vkSj muls dgk fd mUgsa vkJe osQ ekeyksa esa enn 
djus esa [kq'kh gksxhA xkaèkhth xsgwa lkiQ dj jgs FksA mUgksaus 
dgk] ^^Ñi;k vkb,! bl xsgwa dh liQkbZ esa 'kkfey gksaA** 
og lTtu odhy dh iks'kkd] dkWyj] VkbZ] iSUV vkfn esa FksA 
muosQ fy, t+ehu ij cSBuk eqf'dy gks jgk FkkA gkykafd] 
mUgksaus vkèks ?kaVs rd cSBdj xsgwa lkiQ fd;kA mUgksaus [kwc 
ilhuk cgk;k] fiQj mUgksaus xkaèkhth dh vuqefr yh vkSj 
pys x,A 'kke dh çkFkZuk osQ ckn] vius lacksèku osQ nkSjku] 
xkaèkhth us ;g ?kVuk lqukbZ vkSj dgk fd os ml lTtu dks 
nks"k ugha nsrs D;ksafd ubZ f'k{kk nSfud dk;Z osQ fy, gkFkksa 
osQ mi;ksx dk egRo ugha fl[kkrh gSA
lu~ 1928 esa xkaèkhth us vkJe osQ fy, oqQN fu;e 
cuk,A os Fks%
1- lHkh vkJeokfl;ksa dks lqcg 4 cts çkFkZuk esa 'kkfey 
gksuk pkfg,A
2- lHkh dks lkeqnkf;d jlksbZ esa [kkuk pkfg,A
3- çfrfnu 160 xzke lwr dkruk pkfg,A
4- ?kj osQ dke osQ fy, fdlh ukSdj ;k et+nwj dks dke 
ij ugha j[kuk pkfg,A
5- lHkh o;Ld iq#"kksa dks jkf=k fuxjkuh djuh pkfg,A
6- lHkh ;qok vkSj o;Ld ckjh&ckjh ls 'kkSpky; dh liQkbZ 
djsaA
7- vkJe esa jgus okys çR;sd O;fDr dks çfrfnu de ls 
de 8 ?kaVs vkJe dk dk;Z djuk pkfg,A
8- çR;ssd O;fDr dks nSfud Mk;jh cukuh pkfg, vkSj fnu 
osQ nkSjku fd, x, lHkh dk;ks± dks uksV djuk pkfg,A
vkJe esa jgus okys lHkh yksxksa osQ fy, ;g egRoiw.kZ 
çf'k{k.k FkkA jlksbZ?kj dh lki+Q&li+QkbZ vkSj lCt+h dkVus osQ 
nkSjku [kqn xkaèkhth ges'kk ekStwn jgrs FksA mlh fnu ls mUgksaus 
nSfud Mk;jh cukuk 'kq: dj fn;kA Lo;a vkSj nwljksa osQ fy, 
muosQ fu;e dHkh vyx ugha FksA
vifjxzg] xSj&pksjh ls tqM+k gqvk gSA ifjxzg dk rkRi;Z 
Hkfo"; osQ fy, çkoèkku ls gSA ;fn çR;sd O;fDr vius ikl 
osQoy ogh j[ks ftldh mls vko';drk gS] rks dksbZ Hkh 
vHkkoxzLr ugha gksxk] vkSj lHkh larks"k esa jgsaxsA
,d ckj unh osQ rV ij] xkaèkhth us viuk yksVk & ,d 
NksVk èkkrq dk crZu] ikuh ls Hkjk rks ikl esa [kM+s muosQ 
lg;ksxh us muls iwNk] ^^ckiw] bruk gh D;ksa\** xkaèkhth us 
mÙkj fn;k] ^^;g unh osQoy esjh ugha gSA** Hkkstu] diM+s] 
ikuh] iQuhZpj vkfn oLrqvksa dk mi;ksx O;fDr dks osQoy 
mruk gh djuk pkfg, ftruk vko';d gksA blls O;fDr 
dk thou ljy gks tkrk gSA vifjxzg ,d ,slk fl¼kar gS 
tks fopkjksa ij Hkh ykxw gksrk gSA euq"; vius efLr"d dks 
O;FkZ osQ Kku ls D;ksa Hkjs\ ftl pht++ dh t+:jr ugha gS 
mls gkfly djus dh vknr eu ij Hkh cks> cu tkrh gS 
vkSj i;kZoj.k ij HkhA
lknk vkSj lq[kh thou thus osQ fy, X;kjg ozr Js"B lw=k 
gSaA vki ft,a vkSj nwljksa dks Hkh thus nsaA ?
lanHkZ
1- ;jonk eafnj ls] ,e- osQ- xkaèkh }kjk] igyk vaxzst+h laLdj.k 1932] 
uothou VªLV] vgenkckn }kjk çdkf'kr
2- LokLF; dh oqQath] ,e- osQ- xkaèkh }kjk] igyk vaxzst+h laLdj.k 1948] 
uothou VªLV] vgenkckn }kjk çdkf'kr
3- vkgkj vkSj vkgkj lqèkkj] ,e- osQ- xkaèkh }kjk] igyk vaxzst+h laLdj.k 
1949] uothou VªLV] vgenkckn }kjk çdkf'kr
4- ckiquks çlkn] fot;csu iapksyh }kjk] çFke xqtjkrh laLdj.k 1986] 
n'kZd ifjokj] yksdHkkjrh] luksljk }kjk çdkf'kr
5- xkaèkhthuk lekxe&ek] pujk'kadj 'kqDyk }kjk laikfnr] igyk 
xqtjkrh laLdj.k 1945] jk;pqjk cqd fMiks] oMksnjk }kjk 
çdkf'krA
44 ??? 2023
eu dh ckr dk;ZØe osQ fiNyh 100 dfM+;ksa (,filksM) osQ nkSjku] çèkkuea=kh ns'kHkj osQ 700 ls 
vfèkd ,sls yksxksa dh fnypLi dgkfu;ksa dks yxkrkj lk>k djrs jgs gSa] ftUgksaus oqQN u;k dke 
djosQ cnyko ykus dh dksf'k'k dhA mUgksaus vke yksxksa osQ dfBu fLFkfr;ksa esa •qn dks laHkkyus 
vkSj n`<+ ladYi vkSj muosQ }kjk mBk, x, NksVs&NksVs dneksa dh 'kfDr dks mtkxj djrs gq, 
ukxfjdksa dks csgrj Hkfo"; osQ fy, dke djus osQ fy, çksRlkfgr fd;k gSA Hkkjr osQ mijk‘ªifr] 
Jh txnhi èku•M+ us ,d fo'ks"k iqLrd ^ekbZ fM;j isQyks flVhtUl---* dk foekspu fd;kA lwpuk 
o çlkj.k ea=kky; }kjk çdkf'kr bl iqLrd esa os 100 çsj.kknk;d dgkfu;ka of.kZr gSa] ftudk 
ft+Ø jsfM;ks dk;ZØe esa çèkkuea=kh }kjk fd;k x;k FkkA ukxfjdksa osQ LokLF; vkSj dY;k.k osQ 
fy, fd, x, ljkguh; ç;klksa dh oqQN dgkfu;ka Hkh bl iqLrd esa fufgr gSa] tks nqfu;kHkj osQ 
yksxksa dks yxkrkj çsfjr dj jgh gSaA buesa ls oqQN mYys•uh; gSa%
‘???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????????’ ?????? ??
???? ????? ???? ????????...
eYy[kac isQMjs'ku
eYy[kac iQsMjs'ku ;w,l, (,e,iQ;w) osQ laLFkkid vkSj 
Lo;alsod fpUe; ikV.kdj ,d lefiZr O;fDr gSa] tks la;qDr 
jkT; vejhdk esa eYy[kac dks c<+kok nsus vkSj fl[kkus osQ fy, 
vFkd ç;kl dj jgs gSaA mudk liuk la;qDr jkT; vejhdk osQ 
çR;sd jkT; esa eYy[kac osQ fy, de ls de ,d çf'k{k.k 
osQaæ LFkkfir djus dk gSA çkjaHk esa vLohÑfr dk lkeuk djus 
osQ ckotwn] [ksy osQ fy, fpUe; osQ n`<+ ladYi vkSj tquwu 
us mUgsa 2013 esa ,e,iQ;w LFkkfir djus osQ fy, çsfjr fd;kA 
,e,iQ;w us rc ls dbZ egRoiw.kZ miyfCèk;ka gkfly dh gSa] 
ftuesa Hkkjr osQ ckgj eYy[kac osQ igys jk"Vªh; Lrj osQ 
egkla?k dk xBu djuk] U;w tlhZ lhusV ls ekU;rk çkIr djuk 
vkSj la;qDr jk"Vª rFkk VkbEl LDok;j tSls çeq[k LFkkuksa ij 
eYy[kac dks c<+kok nsuk 'kkfey gaSA iz/kuea=kh dh vkHkkjksfDr 
ls fpUe; dks leqnk; ls tcjnLr leFkZu feyk gSA isQMjs'ku 
us Hkkjrh; leqnk; ls vkSj lg;ksx vkSj igpku feyh tks 
ldkjkRed cnyko iSnk djrk gSA
ekykor iw.kkZ
ekykor iw.kkZ u osQoy Hkkjr esa cfYd nqfu;kHkj esa dbZ 
yksxksa osQ fy, ,d çsj.kk gSaA rsyaxkuk osQ fut+kekckn ft+ys esa 
JhdksaMk eaMy osQ ikdkyk xkao esa ,d xjhc ifjokj ls vkus 
okyh] og 2014 esa 13 lky vkSj 11 eghus dh mez esa ekmaV 
,ojsLV dks iQrg djus okyh lcls de mez dh ioZrkjksgh 
gSaA 2014 ls mUgksaus nqfu;k dh lkr lcls dfBu vkSj lcls 
Åaph ioZr pksfV;ksa ij p<+kbZ djosQ lsok lfefr pSysat dks iwjk 
fd;k gSA varjjkԻh; Lrj ij Hkkjr dh Nfo dks et+cwr djus 
osQ fy, çèkkuea=kh }kjk ljkguk fd, tkus ls muosQ vnE; 
lkgl dks cy feyk gSA og vc viuh ubZ çkstsDV ^'kfDr* 
ij dke dj jgh gS] ftldk mís'; oafpr yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk 
osQ fy, èku tqVkuk gSA
 esjs fiz; lkFkh ukxfjdksa----
44 ??? 2023
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