South America - Political | Oxford Student ATLAS: Maps & Tests - UPSC PDF Download

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South America- Political
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South America- Political South America- Political
Introduction
South America is a continent located entirely in the Southern Hemisphere,
situated mostly between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered
by the Caribbean Sea to the north, and it is connected to North America by the
narrow Isthmus of Panama. South America is known for its diverse geography,
rich history, and vibrant cultures. In this detailed notes on the political map of
South America, we will explore the countries, capitals, major cities, and other
important features of the region.
Countries and Capitals
· Argentina: Buenos Aires
· Bolivia: Sucre (constitutional capital) and La Paz (seat of government)
· Brazil: Brasília
· Chile: Santiago
· Colombia: Bogotá
· Ecuador: Quito
· Guyana: Georgetown
· Paraguay: Asunción
· Peru: Lima
· Suriname: Paramaribo
· Uruguay: Montevideo
· Venezuela: Caracas
Other Territories
· French Guiana: An overseas department and region of France.
· Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): A British Overseas Territory.
· South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: A British Overseas Territory.
Major Cities and Landmarks
· Sao Paulo (Brazil): One of the largest cities in the world and a major
financial center.
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South America- Political South America- Political
Introduction
South America is a continent located entirely in the Southern Hemisphere,
situated mostly between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered
by the Caribbean Sea to the north, and it is connected to North America by the
narrow Isthmus of Panama. South America is known for its diverse geography,
rich history, and vibrant cultures. In this detailed notes on the political map of
South America, we will explore the countries, capitals, major cities, and other
important features of the region.
Countries and Capitals
· Argentina: Buenos Aires
· Bolivia: Sucre (constitutional capital) and La Paz (seat of government)
· Brazil: Brasília
· Chile: Santiago
· Colombia: Bogotá
· Ecuador: Quito
· Guyana: Georgetown
· Paraguay: Asunción
· Peru: Lima
· Suriname: Paramaribo
· Uruguay: Montevideo
· Venezuela: Caracas
Other Territories
· French Guiana: An overseas department and region of France.
· Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): A British Overseas Territory.
· South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: A British Overseas Territory.
Major Cities and Landmarks
· Sao Paulo (Brazil): One of the largest cities in the world and a major
financial center.
South America- Political
· Rio de Janeiro (Brazil): Famous for its iconic landmarks such as the Christ
the Redeemer statue and Copacabana Beach.
· Buenos Aires (Argentina): The capital and a cosmopolitan city known for its
tango music and European-inspired architecture.
· Lima (Peru): The capital and a UNESCO World Heritage site, featuring
ancient Incan ruins such as Machu Picchu.
· Santiago (Chile): The capital and a modern city nestled in the Andes
Mountains.
· Bogotá (Colombia): The capital and a cultural hub with a rich history and
vibrant arts scene.
· Quito (Ecuador): The capital and one of the highest elevated cities in the
world, surrounded by volcanic peaks.
· Caracas (Venezuela): The capital and a bustling city known for its modern
skyscrapers and colonial architecture.
Mountain Ranges
· Andes: The world's longest continental mountain range, stretching over
7,000 kilometers (4,350 miles) along the western edge of South America.
Rivers and Bodies of Water
· Amazon River: The largest river in the world by volume, flowing through
Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and other countries.
· Orinoco River: Flows through Venezuela and Colombia, known for its vast
delta region.
· Parana River: A major river in South America, flowing through Brazil,
Paraguay, and Argentina.
· Rio de la Plata: A large estuary between Argentina and Uruguay, formed by
the confluence of the Paraná and Uruguay rivers.
Rainforests and Ecosystems
· Amazon Rainforest: The world's largest tropical rainforest, covering a
significant portion of Brazil and extending into other countries.
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South America- Political South America- Political
Introduction
South America is a continent located entirely in the Southern Hemisphere,
situated mostly between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered
by the Caribbean Sea to the north, and it is connected to North America by the
narrow Isthmus of Panama. South America is known for its diverse geography,
rich history, and vibrant cultures. In this detailed notes on the political map of
South America, we will explore the countries, capitals, major cities, and other
important features of the region.
Countries and Capitals
· Argentina: Buenos Aires
· Bolivia: Sucre (constitutional capital) and La Paz (seat of government)
· Brazil: Brasília
· Chile: Santiago
· Colombia: Bogotá
· Ecuador: Quito
· Guyana: Georgetown
· Paraguay: Asunción
· Peru: Lima
· Suriname: Paramaribo
· Uruguay: Montevideo
· Venezuela: Caracas
Other Territories
· French Guiana: An overseas department and region of France.
· Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): A British Overseas Territory.
· South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: A British Overseas Territory.
Major Cities and Landmarks
· Sao Paulo (Brazil): One of the largest cities in the world and a major
financial center.
South America- Political
· Rio de Janeiro (Brazil): Famous for its iconic landmarks such as the Christ
the Redeemer statue and Copacabana Beach.
· Buenos Aires (Argentina): The capital and a cosmopolitan city known for its
tango music and European-inspired architecture.
· Lima (Peru): The capital and a UNESCO World Heritage site, featuring
ancient Incan ruins such as Machu Picchu.
· Santiago (Chile): The capital and a modern city nestled in the Andes
Mountains.
· Bogotá (Colombia): The capital and a cultural hub with a rich history and
vibrant arts scene.
· Quito (Ecuador): The capital and one of the highest elevated cities in the
world, surrounded by volcanic peaks.
· Caracas (Venezuela): The capital and a bustling city known for its modern
skyscrapers and colonial architecture.
Mountain Ranges
· Andes: The world's longest continental mountain range, stretching over
7,000 kilometers (4,350 miles) along the western edge of South America.
Rivers and Bodies of Water
· Amazon River: The largest river in the world by volume, flowing through
Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and other countries.
· Orinoco River: Flows through Venezuela and Colombia, known for its vast
delta region.
· Parana River: A major river in South America, flowing through Brazil,
Paraguay, and Argentina.
· Rio de la Plata: A large estuary between Argentina and Uruguay, formed by
the confluence of the Paraná and Uruguay rivers.
Rainforests and Ecosystems
· Amazon Rainforest: The world's largest tropical rainforest, covering a
significant portion of Brazil and extending into other countries.
South America- Political
· Pantanal: A massive wetland area shared by Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay,
renowned for its biodiversity.
· Atacama Desert: Located in Chile, it is one of the driest deserts in the
world.
Archipelagos and Islands
· Galapagos Islands (Ecuador): A volcanic archipelago renowned for its
unique wildlife and important role in Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.
· Easter Island (Chile): A remote island known for its monumental statues
called moai.
Political Boundaries and Disputes
· Border Disputes: There are several ongoing border disputes between South
American countries, such as the longstanding dispute between Argentina
and the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands.
· The Darien Gap: A dense and undeveloped region between Panama and
Colombia, creating a physical barrier and an incomplete land route through
the Americas.
Indigenous Cultures
· South America is home to numerous indigenous cultures, including the
Quechua and Aymara people in the Andean region, the Guarani in
Paraguay, and many more, each with their own unique languages, customs,
and traditions.
· It's important to note that political boundaries and geopolitical situations
can change over time due to various factors, so it's always recommended to
refer to updated maps and reliable sources for the most accurate
information on the political map of South America.