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PPT: Control and Coordination

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C O N T R O L
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C O O R D I N A T I O N
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C O N T R O L
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All the living organisms respond and react to
changes in the environment around them.
The changes in the environment to which the
organisms respond and react are called
stimuli such as light, heat, cold, sound, smell,
touch etc.
Both plants and animals respond to stimuli but
in a different manner.
Introduction
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C O N T R O L
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C O O R D I N A T I O N
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All the living organisms respond and react to
changes in the environment around them.
The changes in the environment to which the
organisms respond and react are called
stimuli such as light, heat, cold, sound, smell,
touch etc.
Both plants and animals respond to stimuli but
in a different manner.
Introduction
(ii) Endocrine system
Control and Coordination in animals is done with
the help of two main systems:
(i) Nervous system
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C O N T R O L
A N D
C O O R D I N A T I O N
C L A S S - 1 0
All the living organisms respond and react to
changes in the environment around them.
The changes in the environment to which the
organisms respond and react are called
stimuli such as light, heat, cold, sound, smell,
touch etc.
Both plants and animals respond to stimuli but
in a different manner.
Introduction
(ii) Endocrine system
Control and Coordination in animals is done with
the help of two main systems:
(i) Nervous system
Nervous System
Control and coordination in organisms
are provided by nervous and muscular
tissues.
Nervous Tissue: This tissue is composed
of an organized network of nerve cells or
neurons specialized for conducting
information via electrical impulses from
one part of the body to another.
Page 5


C O N T R O L
A N D
C O O R D I N A T I O N
C L A S S - 1 0
All the living organisms respond and react to
changes in the environment around them.
The changes in the environment to which the
organisms respond and react are called
stimuli such as light, heat, cold, sound, smell,
touch etc.
Both plants and animals respond to stimuli but
in a different manner.
Introduction
(ii) Endocrine system
Control and Coordination in animals is done with
the help of two main systems:
(i) Nervous system
Nervous System
Control and coordination in organisms
are provided by nervous and muscular
tissues.
Nervous Tissue: This tissue is composed
of an organized network of nerve cells or
neurons specialized for conducting
information via electrical impulses from
one part of the body to another.
Ear: Acts as phonoreceptors, responsible for receiving sound and helping in
hearing and maintaining body balance.
Eyes: Acts as photoreceptors, receiving light and facilitating vision.
Skin: Acts as thermoreceptors, sensing temperature changes and facilitating the
perception of heat, cold, and touch.
Nose: Acts as olfactory receptors, responsible for the sense of smell.
Tongue: Acts as gustatory receptors, facilitating the sense of taste.
Receptors are specialized tips of some nerve cells that detect information from the
environment.
Receptors are located in various sense organs:
Receptors
Nervous System
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FAQs on PPT: Control and Coordination

1. How does the nervous system control and coordinate body functions in Class 10 CBSE?
Ans. The nervous system controls and coordinates all body functions by transmitting electrical and chemical signals between the brain, spinal cord, and body parts. It receives information through sensory receptors, processes it in the central nervous system, and sends appropriate responses via motor neurons. This rapid communication system enables the body to respond to environmental changes and maintain homeostasis effectively.
2. What's the difference between the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system?
Ans. The central nervous system (CNS) comprises the brain and spinal cord, processing information and making decisions. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes all nerves branching from the CNS to the body's organs and tissues, transmitting signals. The CNS acts as the control centre, while the PNS serves as the communication network connecting the CNS to the rest of the body.
3. Why do we pull our hand back from a hot surface without thinking about it?
Ans. This is a reflex action, a rapid involuntary response controlled by the spinal cord, not the brain. Sensory receptors detect heat, sending signals to the spinal cord, which immediately triggers motor neurons to contract muscles and withdraw the hand. Reflex arcs bypass the brain for speed, protecting the body from injury faster than conscious thought could respond.
4. What role do hormones play in control and coordination compared to the nervous system?
Ans. Hormones are chemical messengers that coordinate body functions through slower, longer-lasting effects compared to nervous system responses. The endocrine glands produce hormones released into the bloodstream, regulating growth, metabolism, and reproduction. While the nervous system provides rapid responses, hormonal control manages sustained bodily processes and works alongside neural control for complete coordination.
5. How do neurotransmitters help in transmitting signals between neurons at synapses?
Ans. Neurotransmitters are chemical substances released from the axon terminal of one neuron into the synapse. They bind to receptors on the next neuron's membrane, transmitting electrical signals across the gap. This synaptic transmission enables communication between neurons, allowing information to travel through neural networks and ultimately coordinate all body responses and functions.
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