Yojana Magazine August 2023 - 3 (Hindi) | Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


49 ????? 2023
Hkkjr esa Ñf"k
oSf'od 'kfDr cuus dh vksj
Nys 75 o"kks± esa] Hkkjrh; Ñf"k us ifjorZu dh 
,d mYys•uh; vkSj egR?oiw.kZ liQyrk dh 
dgkuh fy•h gSA vkt+knh osQ le; •k| oLrqvksa 
dh Hkkjh deh ls 'kq#vkr djrs gq,] vc ge Ñf"k&fu;kZr 
dh c<+rh ço`fÙk osQ lkFk ,d xkSjokfUor •k| vfèk'ks"k jk‘ª 
gSaA ihNs eqM+dj ns•sa] rks Hkkjr dks fouk'kdkjh caxky vdky 
(o"kZ 1943&44) dh Nk;k esa vkt+knh feyh] ftlesa yxHkx 
30 yk• yksx oqQiks"k.k ;k chekjh osQ dkj.k ekjs x,A Hkkjr 
dh tula[;k rhoz •k|k dh deh] yxkrkj lw•s vkSj vdky 
dk lkeuk dj jgh Fkh vkSj O;kid oqQiks"k.k ls ihfM+r FkhA 
gkykafd yxHkx 85 çfr'kr vkcknh xkaoksa esa jgrh Fkh vkSj 
viuh vkthfodk Ñf"k ls çkIr djrh Fkh] ysfdu ns'k esa 
•k|k dh csgn deh Fkh] ftldk eq[; dkj.k •srh osQ çfr 
vaxzst+ ljdkj dh çfrowQy uhfr;ka FkhaA o"kZ 1950&51 osQ 
nkSjku] Hkkjr esa osQoy 50-82 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu •k|k dk 
mR?iknu gqvk] tks c<+rh vkcknh dks i;kZIr :i ls f•ykus 
osQ fy, i;kZIr ugha Fkk vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk vkSj vU; 
fodflr vFkZO?;oLFkkvksa ls •k|k ekaxus osQ fy, Hkkjr 
etcwj gqvkA o"kZ 1948] 1962 vkSj 1965 esa yxkrkj ;q¼ksa 
osQ lkFk&lkFk ckj&ckj iM+us okys lw•s us fLFkfr dks vkSj Hkh 
•jkc dj fn;kA bl xaHkhj ifjn`'; us ns'k dks ,d vçR?;kf'kr 
^tgkt+ ls eqag rd* osQ vfLrRo esa èkosQy fn;k vkSj Hkkjr 
dks ^csfXxax ckmy* ;k ^Hkh• dk dVksjk* jk‘ª osQ :i esa Hkh 
cnuke fd;kA yk•ksa Hkkjrh;ksa dks Hkw• ls cpkus osQ fy, 
Hkw• vkSj xjhch ls tw>rs gq,] ns'k us fodkl osQ fy, viuh igyh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 
(1951&56) dk elkSnk rS;kj fd;k] ftlesa Ñf"k mRiknu c<+kus vkSj Hkw• dks •Re djus dks 
lokZsPp çkFkfedrk nh xbZA ifj.kkeLo:i] Ñf"k mRiknu esa o`f¼ gqbZ] vkSj nwljh iapo"khZ; 
;kstuk esa ljdkj dk è;ku Ñf"k ls vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh vksj LFkkukarfjr djus ds fy, c<+kok 
feykA vkt] Hkkjr Ñf"k osQ oSf'od {ks=k esa dbZ ljkguh; fLFkfr;ksa ls xqtj pqdk gSA mYys•uh; 
gS fd Hkkjr dk •k|k mRiknu bldh tula[;k o`f¼ ls vfèkd gks x;k gSA vkRefuHkZjrk ls 
mBdj Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vc Ñf"k dh oSf'od 'kfDr cuus dh vksj vkxs c<+ jgh gSA
fi
MkW txnhi lDlsuk
iwoZ eq[; laiknd] Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqlaèkku ifj"kn] ubZ fnYyhA  
bZesy% jagdeepsaxena@yahoo.com
Page 2


49 ????? 2023
Hkkjr esa Ñf"k
oSf'od 'kfDr cuus dh vksj
Nys 75 o"kks± esa] Hkkjrh; Ñf"k us ifjorZu dh 
,d mYys•uh; vkSj egR?oiw.kZ liQyrk dh 
dgkuh fy•h gSA vkt+knh osQ le; •k| oLrqvksa 
dh Hkkjh deh ls 'kq#vkr djrs gq,] vc ge Ñf"k&fu;kZr 
dh c<+rh ço`fÙk osQ lkFk ,d xkSjokfUor •k| vfèk'ks"k jk‘ª 
gSaA ihNs eqM+dj ns•sa] rks Hkkjr dks fouk'kdkjh caxky vdky 
(o"kZ 1943&44) dh Nk;k esa vkt+knh feyh] ftlesa yxHkx 
30 yk• yksx oqQiks"k.k ;k chekjh osQ dkj.k ekjs x,A Hkkjr 
dh tula[;k rhoz •k|k dh deh] yxkrkj lw•s vkSj vdky 
dk lkeuk dj jgh Fkh vkSj O;kid oqQiks"k.k ls ihfM+r FkhA 
gkykafd yxHkx 85 çfr'kr vkcknh xkaoksa esa jgrh Fkh vkSj 
viuh vkthfodk Ñf"k ls çkIr djrh Fkh] ysfdu ns'k esa 
•k|k dh csgn deh Fkh] ftldk eq[; dkj.k •srh osQ çfr 
vaxzst+ ljdkj dh çfrowQy uhfr;ka FkhaA o"kZ 1950&51 osQ 
nkSjku] Hkkjr esa osQoy 50-82 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu •k|k dk 
mR?iknu gqvk] tks c<+rh vkcknh dks i;kZIr :i ls f•ykus 
osQ fy, i;kZIr ugha Fkk vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk vkSj vU; 
fodflr vFkZO?;oLFkkvksa ls •k|k ekaxus osQ fy, Hkkjr 
etcwj gqvkA o"kZ 1948] 1962 vkSj 1965 esa yxkrkj ;q¼ksa 
osQ lkFk&lkFk ckj&ckj iM+us okys lw•s us fLFkfr dks vkSj Hkh 
•jkc dj fn;kA bl xaHkhj ifjn`'; us ns'k dks ,d vçR?;kf'kr 
^tgkt+ ls eqag rd* osQ vfLrRo esa èkosQy fn;k vkSj Hkkjr 
dks ^csfXxax ckmy* ;k ^Hkh• dk dVksjk* jk‘ª osQ :i esa Hkh 
cnuke fd;kA yk•ksa Hkkjrh;ksa dks Hkw• ls cpkus osQ fy, 
Hkw• vkSj xjhch ls tw>rs gq,] ns'k us fodkl osQ fy, viuh igyh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 
(1951&56) dk elkSnk rS;kj fd;k] ftlesa Ñf"k mRiknu c<+kus vkSj Hkw• dks •Re djus dks 
lokZsPp çkFkfedrk nh xbZA ifj.kkeLo:i] Ñf"k mRiknu esa o`f¼ gqbZ] vkSj nwljh iapo"khZ; 
;kstuk esa ljdkj dk è;ku Ñf"k ls vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh vksj LFkkukarfjr djus ds fy, c<+kok 
feykA vkt] Hkkjr Ñf"k osQ oSf'od {ks=k esa dbZ ljkguh; fLFkfr;ksa ls xqtj pqdk gSA mYys•uh; 
gS fd Hkkjr dk •k|k mRiknu bldh tula[;k o`f¼ ls vfèkd gks x;k gSA vkRefuHkZjrk ls 
mBdj Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vc Ñf"k dh oSf'od 'kfDr cuus dh vksj vkxs c<+ jgh gSA
fi
MkW txnhi lDlsuk
iwoZ eq[; laiknd] Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqlaèkku ifj"kn] ubZ fnYyhA  
bZesy% jagdeepsaxena@yahoo.com
50 ????? 2023
la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk us PL&480 ;kstuk osQ rgr cM+h ek=kk 
esa xsgwa nku fd;kA ysfdu tYn gh] vesfjdk osQ lkFk rukoiw.kZ 
varjjk‘ªh; lacaèkksa osQ dkj.k ;g cgqr fupys Lrj ij vk x;kA 
bl vofèk osQ nkSjku] fofy;e vkSj ikWy iSMkWd dh ,d çfl¼ 
iqLrd] iSQfeu 1975 esa Hkfo";ok.kh dh xbZ Fkh fd vkus okys 
o"kks± esa yk•ksa Hkkjrh; Hkw• ls ej tk,axsA
ifjorZu dh dgkfu;ka
Hkw• vkSj xjhch ls tw>rs gq, ns'k us fodkl osQ fy, viuh 
igyh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (1951&56) dk elkSnk rS;kj fd;k] 
ftlesa lokZsPp çkFkfedrk Ñf"k mR?iknu c<+kus vkSj Hkw• feVkus 
dks nh x;hA oqQy ;kstuk fufèk dk yxHkx ,d&frgkbZ fgLlk 
Ñf"k osQ fy, vkoafVr fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlls ns'k esa flapkbZ 
lqfoèkkvksa vkSj moZjd mRiknu esa o`f¼ gqbZA ifj.kkeLo:i] 
Ñf"k mRiknu esa o`f¼ gqbZ] ftlls ljdkj dks nwljh iapo"khZ; 
;kstuk (o"kZ 1956&61 rd) esa viuk è;ku Ñf"k ls gVkdj 
vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh vksj osQafær djuk iM+kA Ñf"k osQ fy, 
vkoaVu esa Hkh 20 çfr'kr dh dVkSrh dh xbZA rhljh iapo"khZ; 
;kstuk (o"kZ 1961&66 rd) osQ nkSjku] •k|k esa vkR?efuHkZjrk 
çkFkfedrkvksa esa ls ,d Fkh] ysfdu ;g phuh vkØkedrk (o"kZ 
1962)] Hkkjr&ikd ;q¼ (o"kZ 1965)] vkSj o"kZ 1965&66 osQ 
nkSjku xaHkhj vkSj yacs le; rd lw•k iM+us ls cqjh rjg foiQy 
jghA blls ns'k esa Hkkjh •k| ladV iSnk gks x;k] ftlosQ pyrs 
yksxksa ls lIrkg esa ,d ckj miokl j•us dh vihy dh xbZA 
yksxksa dks oaQn vkSj eksVs vukt dks 'kkfey djosQ vius Hkkstu 
dh Vksdjh dks O;kid cukus dh Hkh lykg nh xbZA
bl chp] esfDldks esa] ,d oSKkfud] MkW ukWeZu cksjykWx 
us] xsgwa dh vuks•h fdLesa fodflr djosQ liQyrk gkfly 
dh] tks vèkZ&ckSuh] vfèkd mit nsus okyh] jksx&çfrjksèkh] rsth 
ls c<+us okyh vkSj moZjdksa osQ çfr vR;fèkd çfrfØ;k'khy 
FkhaA Hkkjr ljdkj us o"kZ 1966 esa 18]000 ehfVªd Vu ubZ xsgwa 
dh fdLeksa osQ vk;kr dh vuqefr nhA ;s cht fnYyh] gfj;k.kk 
vkSj iatkc esa fdlkuksa dks 5 fdyksxzke osQ iSd esa forfjr 
fd, x,_ vkSj lkFk gh] MkW ,e,l LokehukFku osQ usr`Ro esa 
fdlkuksa osQ •srksa esa 1000 ls vfèkd jk‘ªh; çn'kZu vk;ksftr 
fd, x,A fdlku igys osQ ,d Vu çfr gsDVs;j dh rqyuk 
esa çfr gsDVs;j 4&5 Vu dh liQyrkiwoZd iSnkokj dj losQA 
fdlkuksa us ubZ fdLeksa dks fny ls viuk;kA o"kZ 1968 esa] ns'k 
esa 17 fefy;u Vu xsgwa dh caij iQly gqbZ] tks o"kZ 1966 osQ 
11 fefy;u Vu ls vfèkd FkhA ;g nqfu;k esa vc rd ntZ 
xsgwa mRiknu esa lcls cM+h Nykax FkhA bls ^gfjr Økafr* dgk 
x;kA pkoy osQ ekeys esa Hkh bldk ikyu fd;k x;k vkSj 
blosQ ckn xÂk] dikl vkSj iQyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa tSlh vU; 
iQlyksa osQ mRiknu esa mNky vk;kA gfjr Økafr us vkRefuHkZjrk 
dh uhao j•h vkSj vc ge vfèk'ks"k •k|k okys ns'k vkSj 
'kq¼ Ñf"k fu;kZrd osQ :i esa vkxs c<+ x, gSaA bl vf}rh; 
fof'k‘rk dks çkIr djus osQ fy,] oSKkfud dkS'ky] jktuhfrd 
bPNk'kfDr vkSj fdlkuksa dh esgur lHkh us ,d gh eap ij 
lgfØ;kRed :i ls dke fd;kA
Hkkjr us •srksa esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh osQ vuqç;ksx }kjk 
lapkfyr •srh osQ ,d u, ;qx dh 'kq#vkr dhA blosQ lkFk 
gh] ljdkj us fofHk fof'k‘ ;kstukvksa osQ ekè;e ls Ñf"k 
{ks=k dks uhfr leFkZu] èku vkoaVu vkSj lfClMh çnku dhA 
ifj.kkeLo:i] vkt Ñf"k osQ oSf'od {ks=k esa Hkkjr dk LFkku 
cgqr gh Åapk vkSj ljkguh; gSA Hkkjr nqfu;k dk lcls cM+k 
phuh mRiknd ns'k gS vkSj pkoy osQ mRiknu esa phu osQ ckn 
nwljk LFkku j•rk gSA xsgwa osQ nwljs lcls cM+s mR?iknd osQ :i 
esa] o"kZ 2020 esa oSf'od xsgwa mRiknu esa Hkkjr dh fgLlsnkjh 
yxHkx 14-14 çfr'kr FkhA Hkkjr vkRefuHkZjrk dh vksj rsth 
ls c<+us osQ lkFk] nkyksa dk lcls cM+k mRiknd vkSj miHkksDrk 
Hkh gSA nwljs vfxze vuqeku (o"kZ 2022&2023) osQ vuqlkj] 
ns'k esa •k|k dk mR?iknu 323-5 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu gksus 
dk vuqeku gS] tks o"kZ 2021&22 dh rqyuk esa 7-9 fefy;u 
ehfVªd Vu vfèkd gSA rhljs vfxze vuqeku osQ vuqlkj] o"kZ 
2021&22 esa fjdkWMZ 342-33 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu ckxokuh 
mRiknu dk vuqeku gS] tks o"kZ 2020&21 osQ mRiknu ls 7-73 
fefy;u ehfVªd Vu vfèkd gSA o"kZ 2022&23 osQ nkSjku xÂs 
dk oqQy mRiknu fjdkWMZ 468-8 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu gksus dk 
vuqeku gS] tks vkSlr xÂk mRiknu ls 155-3 fefy;u ehfVªd 
Vu vfèkd gSA ?kkVs dh iQly gksus osQ dkj.k] 12oha iapo"khZ; 
;kstuk vofèk osQ nkSjku frygu vkSj vkW;y ike ij jk‘ªh; 
fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ
fdlkuksa dks 
Hkkjh C;kt njksa 
dk Hkqxrku djus ls 
jksdrk gS
Page 3


49 ????? 2023
Hkkjr esa Ñf"k
oSf'od 'kfDr cuus dh vksj
Nys 75 o"kks± esa] Hkkjrh; Ñf"k us ifjorZu dh 
,d mYys•uh; vkSj egR?oiw.kZ liQyrk dh 
dgkuh fy•h gSA vkt+knh osQ le; •k| oLrqvksa 
dh Hkkjh deh ls 'kq#vkr djrs gq,] vc ge Ñf"k&fu;kZr 
dh c<+rh ço`fÙk osQ lkFk ,d xkSjokfUor •k| vfèk'ks"k jk‘ª 
gSaA ihNs eqM+dj ns•sa] rks Hkkjr dks fouk'kdkjh caxky vdky 
(o"kZ 1943&44) dh Nk;k esa vkt+knh feyh] ftlesa yxHkx 
30 yk• yksx oqQiks"k.k ;k chekjh osQ dkj.k ekjs x,A Hkkjr 
dh tula[;k rhoz •k|k dh deh] yxkrkj lw•s vkSj vdky 
dk lkeuk dj jgh Fkh vkSj O;kid oqQiks"k.k ls ihfM+r FkhA 
gkykafd yxHkx 85 çfr'kr vkcknh xkaoksa esa jgrh Fkh vkSj 
viuh vkthfodk Ñf"k ls çkIr djrh Fkh] ysfdu ns'k esa 
•k|k dh csgn deh Fkh] ftldk eq[; dkj.k •srh osQ çfr 
vaxzst+ ljdkj dh çfrowQy uhfr;ka FkhaA o"kZ 1950&51 osQ 
nkSjku] Hkkjr esa osQoy 50-82 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu •k|k dk 
mR?iknu gqvk] tks c<+rh vkcknh dks i;kZIr :i ls f•ykus 
osQ fy, i;kZIr ugha Fkk vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk vkSj vU; 
fodflr vFkZO?;oLFkkvksa ls •k|k ekaxus osQ fy, Hkkjr 
etcwj gqvkA o"kZ 1948] 1962 vkSj 1965 esa yxkrkj ;q¼ksa 
osQ lkFk&lkFk ckj&ckj iM+us okys lw•s us fLFkfr dks vkSj Hkh 
•jkc dj fn;kA bl xaHkhj ifjn`'; us ns'k dks ,d vçR?;kf'kr 
^tgkt+ ls eqag rd* osQ vfLrRo esa èkosQy fn;k vkSj Hkkjr 
dks ^csfXxax ckmy* ;k ^Hkh• dk dVksjk* jk‘ª osQ :i esa Hkh 
cnuke fd;kA yk•ksa Hkkjrh;ksa dks Hkw• ls cpkus osQ fy, 
Hkw• vkSj xjhch ls tw>rs gq,] ns'k us fodkl osQ fy, viuh igyh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 
(1951&56) dk elkSnk rS;kj fd;k] ftlesa Ñf"k mRiknu c<+kus vkSj Hkw• dks •Re djus dks 
lokZsPp çkFkfedrk nh xbZA ifj.kkeLo:i] Ñf"k mRiknu esa o`f¼ gqbZ] vkSj nwljh iapo"khZ; 
;kstuk esa ljdkj dk è;ku Ñf"k ls vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh vksj LFkkukarfjr djus ds fy, c<+kok 
feykA vkt] Hkkjr Ñf"k osQ oSf'od {ks=k esa dbZ ljkguh; fLFkfr;ksa ls xqtj pqdk gSA mYys•uh; 
gS fd Hkkjr dk •k|k mRiknu bldh tula[;k o`f¼ ls vfèkd gks x;k gSA vkRefuHkZjrk ls 
mBdj Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vc Ñf"k dh oSf'od 'kfDr cuus dh vksj vkxs c<+ jgh gSA
fi
MkW txnhi lDlsuk
iwoZ eq[; laiknd] Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqlaèkku ifj"kn] ubZ fnYyhA  
bZesy% jagdeepsaxena@yahoo.com
50 ????? 2023
la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk us PL&480 ;kstuk osQ rgr cM+h ek=kk 
esa xsgwa nku fd;kA ysfdu tYn gh] vesfjdk osQ lkFk rukoiw.kZ 
varjjk‘ªh; lacaèkksa osQ dkj.k ;g cgqr fupys Lrj ij vk x;kA 
bl vofèk osQ nkSjku] fofy;e vkSj ikWy iSMkWd dh ,d çfl¼ 
iqLrd] iSQfeu 1975 esa Hkfo";ok.kh dh xbZ Fkh fd vkus okys 
o"kks± esa yk•ksa Hkkjrh; Hkw• ls ej tk,axsA
ifjorZu dh dgkfu;ka
Hkw• vkSj xjhch ls tw>rs gq, ns'k us fodkl osQ fy, viuh 
igyh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (1951&56) dk elkSnk rS;kj fd;k] 
ftlesa lokZsPp çkFkfedrk Ñf"k mR?iknu c<+kus vkSj Hkw• feVkus 
dks nh x;hA oqQy ;kstuk fufèk dk yxHkx ,d&frgkbZ fgLlk 
Ñf"k osQ fy, vkoafVr fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlls ns'k esa flapkbZ 
lqfoèkkvksa vkSj moZjd mRiknu esa o`f¼ gqbZA ifj.kkeLo:i] 
Ñf"k mRiknu esa o`f¼ gqbZ] ftlls ljdkj dks nwljh iapo"khZ; 
;kstuk (o"kZ 1956&61 rd) esa viuk è;ku Ñf"k ls gVkdj 
vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh vksj osQafær djuk iM+kA Ñf"k osQ fy, 
vkoaVu esa Hkh 20 çfr'kr dh dVkSrh dh xbZA rhljh iapo"khZ; 
;kstuk (o"kZ 1961&66 rd) osQ nkSjku] •k|k esa vkR?efuHkZjrk 
çkFkfedrkvksa esa ls ,d Fkh] ysfdu ;g phuh vkØkedrk (o"kZ 
1962)] Hkkjr&ikd ;q¼ (o"kZ 1965)] vkSj o"kZ 1965&66 osQ 
nkSjku xaHkhj vkSj yacs le; rd lw•k iM+us ls cqjh rjg foiQy 
jghA blls ns'k esa Hkkjh •k| ladV iSnk gks x;k] ftlosQ pyrs 
yksxksa ls lIrkg esa ,d ckj miokl j•us dh vihy dh xbZA 
yksxksa dks oaQn vkSj eksVs vukt dks 'kkfey djosQ vius Hkkstu 
dh Vksdjh dks O;kid cukus dh Hkh lykg nh xbZA
bl chp] esfDldks esa] ,d oSKkfud] MkW ukWeZu cksjykWx 
us] xsgwa dh vuks•h fdLesa fodflr djosQ liQyrk gkfly 
dh] tks vèkZ&ckSuh] vfèkd mit nsus okyh] jksx&çfrjksèkh] rsth 
ls c<+us okyh vkSj moZjdksa osQ çfr vR;fèkd çfrfØ;k'khy 
FkhaA Hkkjr ljdkj us o"kZ 1966 esa 18]000 ehfVªd Vu ubZ xsgwa 
dh fdLeksa osQ vk;kr dh vuqefr nhA ;s cht fnYyh] gfj;k.kk 
vkSj iatkc esa fdlkuksa dks 5 fdyksxzke osQ iSd esa forfjr 
fd, x,_ vkSj lkFk gh] MkW ,e,l LokehukFku osQ usr`Ro esa 
fdlkuksa osQ •srksa esa 1000 ls vfèkd jk‘ªh; çn'kZu vk;ksftr 
fd, x,A fdlku igys osQ ,d Vu çfr gsDVs;j dh rqyuk 
esa çfr gsDVs;j 4&5 Vu dh liQyrkiwoZd iSnkokj dj losQA 
fdlkuksa us ubZ fdLeksa dks fny ls viuk;kA o"kZ 1968 esa] ns'k 
esa 17 fefy;u Vu xsgwa dh caij iQly gqbZ] tks o"kZ 1966 osQ 
11 fefy;u Vu ls vfèkd FkhA ;g nqfu;k esa vc rd ntZ 
xsgwa mRiknu esa lcls cM+h Nykax FkhA bls ^gfjr Økafr* dgk 
x;kA pkoy osQ ekeys esa Hkh bldk ikyu fd;k x;k vkSj 
blosQ ckn xÂk] dikl vkSj iQyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa tSlh vU; 
iQlyksa osQ mRiknu esa mNky vk;kA gfjr Økafr us vkRefuHkZjrk 
dh uhao j•h vkSj vc ge vfèk'ks"k •k|k okys ns'k vkSj 
'kq¼ Ñf"k fu;kZrd osQ :i esa vkxs c<+ x, gSaA bl vf}rh; 
fof'k‘rk dks çkIr djus osQ fy,] oSKkfud dkS'ky] jktuhfrd 
bPNk'kfDr vkSj fdlkuksa dh esgur lHkh us ,d gh eap ij 
lgfØ;kRed :i ls dke fd;kA
Hkkjr us •srksa esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh osQ vuqç;ksx }kjk 
lapkfyr •srh osQ ,d u, ;qx dh 'kq#vkr dhA blosQ lkFk 
gh] ljdkj us fofHk fof'k‘ ;kstukvksa osQ ekè;e ls Ñf"k 
{ks=k dks uhfr leFkZu] èku vkoaVu vkSj lfClMh çnku dhA 
ifj.kkeLo:i] vkt Ñf"k osQ oSf'od {ks=k esa Hkkjr dk LFkku 
cgqr gh Åapk vkSj ljkguh; gSA Hkkjr nqfu;k dk lcls cM+k 
phuh mRiknd ns'k gS vkSj pkoy osQ mRiknu esa phu osQ ckn 
nwljk LFkku j•rk gSA xsgwa osQ nwljs lcls cM+s mR?iknd osQ :i 
esa] o"kZ 2020 esa oSf'od xsgwa mRiknu esa Hkkjr dh fgLlsnkjh 
yxHkx 14-14 çfr'kr FkhA Hkkjr vkRefuHkZjrk dh vksj rsth 
ls c<+us osQ lkFk] nkyksa dk lcls cM+k mRiknd vkSj miHkksDrk 
Hkh gSA nwljs vfxze vuqeku (o"kZ 2022&2023) osQ vuqlkj] 
ns'k esa •k|k dk mR?iknu 323-5 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu gksus 
dk vuqeku gS] tks o"kZ 2021&22 dh rqyuk esa 7-9 fefy;u 
ehfVªd Vu vfèkd gSA rhljs vfxze vuqeku osQ vuqlkj] o"kZ 
2021&22 esa fjdkWMZ 342-33 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu ckxokuh 
mRiknu dk vuqeku gS] tks o"kZ 2020&21 osQ mRiknu ls 7-73 
fefy;u ehfVªd Vu vfèkd gSA o"kZ 2022&23 osQ nkSjku xÂs 
dk oqQy mRiknu fjdkWMZ 468-8 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu gksus dk 
vuqeku gS] tks vkSlr xÂk mRiknu ls 155-3 fefy;u ehfVªd 
Vu vfèkd gSA ?kkVs dh iQly gksus osQ dkj.k] 12oha iapo"khZ; 
;kstuk vofèk osQ nkSjku frygu vkSj vkW;y ike ij jk‘ªh; 
fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ
fdlkuksa dks 
Hkkjh C;kt njksa 
dk Hkqxrku djus ls 
jksdrk gS
51 ????? 2023
fe'ku 'kq: djosQ frygu ij fo'ks"k tksj fn;k x;kA uohure 
iQly mRiknu rduhdksa dks 'kq: djus vkSj u, {ks=kksa esa vius 
•srksa dk foLrkj djosQ frygu mR?iknu esa liQyrk gkfly 
dh xbZA ifj.kkeLo:i] frygu mRiknu o"kZ 1985&86 esa 
108-30 yk• ehfVªd Vu ls c<+dj o"kZ 2022&23 esa 400 
yk• ehfVªd Vu gks x;kA o"kZ 2015&16 ls o"kZ 2020&21 
rd mRiknu dh pØo`f¼ okf"kZd o`f¼ nj 7-7 çfr'kr jghA 
jch 2020&21 osQ nkSjku 'kq: fd, x, fo'ks"k ljlksa dk;ZØe 
dk lcls 'kkunkj ifj.kke vk;kA ljlksa osQ mRiknu esa 40 
çfr'kr dh o`f¼ ntZ dh xbZ] tks 91-24 ls c<+dj 128-18 
yk• Vu gks xbZ] vkSj mR?ikndrk esa 11 çfr'kr dh o`f¼ ns•h 
xbZ] tks 1331 ls 1447 fdyksxzke çfr gsDVs;j gks xbZA jsilhM 
vkSj ljlksa dk {ks=kiQy 29 çfr'kr c<+k] tks o"kZ 2019&20 
esa 68-56 yk• gsDVs;j ls c<+dj o"kZ 2020&23 esa 88-58 
yk• gsDVs;j gks x;kA frygu mR?iknu esa Hkkjh mNky dks 
Hkkjr esa Ñf"k osQ bfrgkl esa vDlj ^ihyh Økafr^ osQ :i esa 
tkuk tkrk gSA
mYys•uh; gS fd Hkkjr dk •k|k mR?iknu bldh 
tula[;k o`f¼ ls vfèkd gks x;k gSA o"kZ 1951 ls 2022 
rd] •k|k mR?iknu esa çfr o"kZ 2-61 çfr'kr dh pØo`f¼ 
nj ntZ dh xbZ] tcfd tula[;k o`f¼ nj 1-95 çfr'kr jghA 
tcfd vukt dk mRiknu yxHkx lkr xquk c<+ x;k gS] blh 
vofèk osQ nkSjku nkyksa dk mR?iknu 3-25 xquk c<+k gSA •k|k 
dh çfr O;fDr çfrfnu miyCèkrk o"kZ 1951 esa 395 xzke ls 
c<+dj o"kZ 2022 esa 514-5 xzke gks xbZ gSA ckxokuh iQlyksa 
(60 izfr'kr lfCt;ka] 31 izfr'kr rkts iQy) dk mRiknu gky 
gh esa •k|k osQ mR?iknu ls vkxs fudy x;k gS] vkSj ns'k dh 
iks"k.k lqj{kk dks ,d etcwr ;ksxnku ns jgk gSA •k| vfèk'ks"k 
jk‘ª gksus osQ ukrs] ljdkj fdlkuksa vkSj ^Ñf"k m|fe;ksa* osQ fgr 
esa Ñf"k&fu;kZr dks c<+kok ns jgh gSA ifj.kkeLo:i] Ñf"k vkSj 
lac¼ fu;kZr o"kZ 2020&21 esa 41-86 fcfy;u vejhdh Mkyj 
ls c<+dj o"kZ 2021&22 esa 50-24 fcfy;u vejhdh Mkyj 
gks x;k gS] ;kuh yxHkx 20 çfr'kr dh o`f¼A ^varjjk‘ªh; 
feysV o"kZ* (2023) eukrs gq,] Hkkjr eksVk vukt osQ fy, 
,d varjjkԻh; osQUnz cuus osQ fy, rS;kj gS] ftls gky gh esa 
^Jh vÂ* uke fn;k x;k gSA bldh fofHk çpkj j.kuhfr;ksa us 
o"kZ 2022&23 esa bldk mR?iknu 159 yk• ehfVªd Vu rd 
c<+k fn;k gS] tcfd ljdkj us o"kZ 2023&24 esa 170 yk• 
ehfVªd Vu mR?iknu dk y{; j•k gSA dksfoM&19 egkekjh osQ 
nkSjku] Hkkjrh; Ñf"k us fjdkWMZ •k|k mR?iknu djosQ viuk 
loZJs"B çn'kZu fd;k] ftlls ns'k egkekjh çHkkfor xjhc ns'kksa 
dks Hkkstu dh vkiwfrZ djus esa l{ke gqvkA
fofHk Økafr;ksa dh ckSNkj 
gfjr Økafr vkSj 'osr Økafr osQ chp dbZ lekurk,a gSa] 
nksuksa us Øe'k% •k|k vkSj nwèk esa vkR?efuHkZjrk ykus esa 
ekSfyd Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA •k|kÂksa dh rjg] vkt+knh osQ le; 
Hkkjr nwèk dh miyCèkrk ls Hkh tw> jgk Fkk] ftldk mRiknu 
ml le; ek=k 17 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu FkkA tSls&tSls gekjh 
vkcknh c<+h] çfr O;fDr nwèk dh miyCèkrk esa fxjkoV vkbZ] 
ftlls ns'k nwèk ladV esa vkSj iaQl x;kA ljdkj us esVªks 'kgjksa 
esa Ms;jh ;kstuk,a LFkkfir dh Fkha] ysfdu mudh vkiwfrZ dk 
,d cM+k fgLlk nwèk ikmMj osQ okf.kfT;d vk;kr ls iwjk 
fd;k x;k FkkA gkykafd] ljnkj oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy dh lykg 
ij LFkkfir ,d liQy nqXèk lgdkjh lfefr vk.kan] xqtjkr 
esa dke dj jgh FkhA o"kZ 1964 esa] jkԻh; Ms;jh fodkl 
cksMZ (,uMhMhch) dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ] ftlosQ çeq•  
MkW oxhZl oqQfj;u FksA ,uMhMhch us Hkkjr dks nwèk mRiknu 
esa vkRefuHkZj cukus osQ fy, o"kZ 1970 osQ n'kd osQ nkSjku 
,d egRokdka{kh dk;ZØe] vkWijs'ku ÝyM (vks,iQ) 
'kq: fd;kA vks,iQ dk;ZØe us nwèk osQ laxzg] çlaLdj.k 
vkSj foi.ku osQ fy, ,d etcwr cqfu;knh <kaps osQ 
lkFk xzke&Lrjh; nqXèk lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dk ,d usVodZ 
cukus osQ fy, ,d vkanksyu 'kq: fd;kA blus vkèkqfud 
rjy nwèk çlaLdj.k la;a=kksa dh 'kq#vkr dh vkSj nwèk dks 
vfèk'ks"k ls deh okys {ks=kksa esa ys tkus osQ fy, ,d jk‘ªh; 
nwèk fxzM cuk;kA vkanksyu us tYn gh xfr idM+ yh vkSj 
cgqr rsth ls nwèk mRiknu larks"ktud Lrj ij igqap x;kA 
o"kZ 1976 rd] nwèk dk fu;fer okf.kfT;d vk;kr can 
gks x;k FkkA rc ls] Hkkjr us nwèk mRiknu osQ ekeys esa 
dHkh ihNs eqM+dj ugha ns•kA
ikSèkksa dh lqj{kk osQ lkFk 
ikSèkksa osQ LokLF; dh j{kk!
çeq• tksj okys {ks=k %
,dhÑr dhV çcaèku dks 
c<+kok nsuk
fo'oluh; vkSj lqjf{kr 
dhVuk'kdksa rd igqap 
lqfuf'pr djuk
laxjksèk mik;ksa dks lqO;ofLFkr 
djus dh xfr dks c<+kus osQ 
fy, vfèkd mit nsus okyh 
iQly fdLeksa dk ços'k
fons'kh dhVksa osQ ços'k dh 
laHkkouk dks jksduk
Page 4


49 ????? 2023
Hkkjr esa Ñf"k
oSf'od 'kfDr cuus dh vksj
Nys 75 o"kks± esa] Hkkjrh; Ñf"k us ifjorZu dh 
,d mYys•uh; vkSj egR?oiw.kZ liQyrk dh 
dgkuh fy•h gSA vkt+knh osQ le; •k| oLrqvksa 
dh Hkkjh deh ls 'kq#vkr djrs gq,] vc ge Ñf"k&fu;kZr 
dh c<+rh ço`fÙk osQ lkFk ,d xkSjokfUor •k| vfèk'ks"k jk‘ª 
gSaA ihNs eqM+dj ns•sa] rks Hkkjr dks fouk'kdkjh caxky vdky 
(o"kZ 1943&44) dh Nk;k esa vkt+knh feyh] ftlesa yxHkx 
30 yk• yksx oqQiks"k.k ;k chekjh osQ dkj.k ekjs x,A Hkkjr 
dh tula[;k rhoz •k|k dh deh] yxkrkj lw•s vkSj vdky 
dk lkeuk dj jgh Fkh vkSj O;kid oqQiks"k.k ls ihfM+r FkhA 
gkykafd yxHkx 85 çfr'kr vkcknh xkaoksa esa jgrh Fkh vkSj 
viuh vkthfodk Ñf"k ls çkIr djrh Fkh] ysfdu ns'k esa 
•k|k dh csgn deh Fkh] ftldk eq[; dkj.k •srh osQ çfr 
vaxzst+ ljdkj dh çfrowQy uhfr;ka FkhaA o"kZ 1950&51 osQ 
nkSjku] Hkkjr esa osQoy 50-82 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu •k|k dk 
mR?iknu gqvk] tks c<+rh vkcknh dks i;kZIr :i ls f•ykus 
osQ fy, i;kZIr ugha Fkk vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk vkSj vU; 
fodflr vFkZO?;oLFkkvksa ls •k|k ekaxus osQ fy, Hkkjr 
etcwj gqvkA o"kZ 1948] 1962 vkSj 1965 esa yxkrkj ;q¼ksa 
osQ lkFk&lkFk ckj&ckj iM+us okys lw•s us fLFkfr dks vkSj Hkh 
•jkc dj fn;kA bl xaHkhj ifjn`'; us ns'k dks ,d vçR?;kf'kr 
^tgkt+ ls eqag rd* osQ vfLrRo esa èkosQy fn;k vkSj Hkkjr 
dks ^csfXxax ckmy* ;k ^Hkh• dk dVksjk* jk‘ª osQ :i esa Hkh 
cnuke fd;kA yk•ksa Hkkjrh;ksa dks Hkw• ls cpkus osQ fy, 
Hkw• vkSj xjhch ls tw>rs gq,] ns'k us fodkl osQ fy, viuh igyh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 
(1951&56) dk elkSnk rS;kj fd;k] ftlesa Ñf"k mRiknu c<+kus vkSj Hkw• dks •Re djus dks 
lokZsPp çkFkfedrk nh xbZA ifj.kkeLo:i] Ñf"k mRiknu esa o`f¼ gqbZ] vkSj nwljh iapo"khZ; 
;kstuk esa ljdkj dk è;ku Ñf"k ls vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh vksj LFkkukarfjr djus ds fy, c<+kok 
feykA vkt] Hkkjr Ñf"k osQ oSf'od {ks=k esa dbZ ljkguh; fLFkfr;ksa ls xqtj pqdk gSA mYys•uh; 
gS fd Hkkjr dk •k|k mRiknu bldh tula[;k o`f¼ ls vfèkd gks x;k gSA vkRefuHkZjrk ls 
mBdj Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vc Ñf"k dh oSf'od 'kfDr cuus dh vksj vkxs c<+ jgh gSA
fi
MkW txnhi lDlsuk
iwoZ eq[; laiknd] Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqlaèkku ifj"kn] ubZ fnYyhA  
bZesy% jagdeepsaxena@yahoo.com
50 ????? 2023
la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk us PL&480 ;kstuk osQ rgr cM+h ek=kk 
esa xsgwa nku fd;kA ysfdu tYn gh] vesfjdk osQ lkFk rukoiw.kZ 
varjjk‘ªh; lacaèkksa osQ dkj.k ;g cgqr fupys Lrj ij vk x;kA 
bl vofèk osQ nkSjku] fofy;e vkSj ikWy iSMkWd dh ,d çfl¼ 
iqLrd] iSQfeu 1975 esa Hkfo";ok.kh dh xbZ Fkh fd vkus okys 
o"kks± esa yk•ksa Hkkjrh; Hkw• ls ej tk,axsA
ifjorZu dh dgkfu;ka
Hkw• vkSj xjhch ls tw>rs gq, ns'k us fodkl osQ fy, viuh 
igyh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (1951&56) dk elkSnk rS;kj fd;k] 
ftlesa lokZsPp çkFkfedrk Ñf"k mR?iknu c<+kus vkSj Hkw• feVkus 
dks nh x;hA oqQy ;kstuk fufèk dk yxHkx ,d&frgkbZ fgLlk 
Ñf"k osQ fy, vkoafVr fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlls ns'k esa flapkbZ 
lqfoèkkvksa vkSj moZjd mRiknu esa o`f¼ gqbZA ifj.kkeLo:i] 
Ñf"k mRiknu esa o`f¼ gqbZ] ftlls ljdkj dks nwljh iapo"khZ; 
;kstuk (o"kZ 1956&61 rd) esa viuk è;ku Ñf"k ls gVkdj 
vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh vksj osQafær djuk iM+kA Ñf"k osQ fy, 
vkoaVu esa Hkh 20 çfr'kr dh dVkSrh dh xbZA rhljh iapo"khZ; 
;kstuk (o"kZ 1961&66 rd) osQ nkSjku] •k|k esa vkR?efuHkZjrk 
çkFkfedrkvksa esa ls ,d Fkh] ysfdu ;g phuh vkØkedrk (o"kZ 
1962)] Hkkjr&ikd ;q¼ (o"kZ 1965)] vkSj o"kZ 1965&66 osQ 
nkSjku xaHkhj vkSj yacs le; rd lw•k iM+us ls cqjh rjg foiQy 
jghA blls ns'k esa Hkkjh •k| ladV iSnk gks x;k] ftlosQ pyrs 
yksxksa ls lIrkg esa ,d ckj miokl j•us dh vihy dh xbZA 
yksxksa dks oaQn vkSj eksVs vukt dks 'kkfey djosQ vius Hkkstu 
dh Vksdjh dks O;kid cukus dh Hkh lykg nh xbZA
bl chp] esfDldks esa] ,d oSKkfud] MkW ukWeZu cksjykWx 
us] xsgwa dh vuks•h fdLesa fodflr djosQ liQyrk gkfly 
dh] tks vèkZ&ckSuh] vfèkd mit nsus okyh] jksx&çfrjksèkh] rsth 
ls c<+us okyh vkSj moZjdksa osQ çfr vR;fèkd çfrfØ;k'khy 
FkhaA Hkkjr ljdkj us o"kZ 1966 esa 18]000 ehfVªd Vu ubZ xsgwa 
dh fdLeksa osQ vk;kr dh vuqefr nhA ;s cht fnYyh] gfj;k.kk 
vkSj iatkc esa fdlkuksa dks 5 fdyksxzke osQ iSd esa forfjr 
fd, x,_ vkSj lkFk gh] MkW ,e,l LokehukFku osQ usr`Ro esa 
fdlkuksa osQ •srksa esa 1000 ls vfèkd jk‘ªh; çn'kZu vk;ksftr 
fd, x,A fdlku igys osQ ,d Vu çfr gsDVs;j dh rqyuk 
esa çfr gsDVs;j 4&5 Vu dh liQyrkiwoZd iSnkokj dj losQA 
fdlkuksa us ubZ fdLeksa dks fny ls viuk;kA o"kZ 1968 esa] ns'k 
esa 17 fefy;u Vu xsgwa dh caij iQly gqbZ] tks o"kZ 1966 osQ 
11 fefy;u Vu ls vfèkd FkhA ;g nqfu;k esa vc rd ntZ 
xsgwa mRiknu esa lcls cM+h Nykax FkhA bls ^gfjr Økafr* dgk 
x;kA pkoy osQ ekeys esa Hkh bldk ikyu fd;k x;k vkSj 
blosQ ckn xÂk] dikl vkSj iQyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa tSlh vU; 
iQlyksa osQ mRiknu esa mNky vk;kA gfjr Økafr us vkRefuHkZjrk 
dh uhao j•h vkSj vc ge vfèk'ks"k •k|k okys ns'k vkSj 
'kq¼ Ñf"k fu;kZrd osQ :i esa vkxs c<+ x, gSaA bl vf}rh; 
fof'k‘rk dks çkIr djus osQ fy,] oSKkfud dkS'ky] jktuhfrd 
bPNk'kfDr vkSj fdlkuksa dh esgur lHkh us ,d gh eap ij 
lgfØ;kRed :i ls dke fd;kA
Hkkjr us •srksa esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh osQ vuqç;ksx }kjk 
lapkfyr •srh osQ ,d u, ;qx dh 'kq#vkr dhA blosQ lkFk 
gh] ljdkj us fofHk fof'k‘ ;kstukvksa osQ ekè;e ls Ñf"k 
{ks=k dks uhfr leFkZu] èku vkoaVu vkSj lfClMh çnku dhA 
ifj.kkeLo:i] vkt Ñf"k osQ oSf'od {ks=k esa Hkkjr dk LFkku 
cgqr gh Åapk vkSj ljkguh; gSA Hkkjr nqfu;k dk lcls cM+k 
phuh mRiknd ns'k gS vkSj pkoy osQ mRiknu esa phu osQ ckn 
nwljk LFkku j•rk gSA xsgwa osQ nwljs lcls cM+s mR?iknd osQ :i 
esa] o"kZ 2020 esa oSf'od xsgwa mRiknu esa Hkkjr dh fgLlsnkjh 
yxHkx 14-14 çfr'kr FkhA Hkkjr vkRefuHkZjrk dh vksj rsth 
ls c<+us osQ lkFk] nkyksa dk lcls cM+k mRiknd vkSj miHkksDrk 
Hkh gSA nwljs vfxze vuqeku (o"kZ 2022&2023) osQ vuqlkj] 
ns'k esa •k|k dk mR?iknu 323-5 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu gksus 
dk vuqeku gS] tks o"kZ 2021&22 dh rqyuk esa 7-9 fefy;u 
ehfVªd Vu vfèkd gSA rhljs vfxze vuqeku osQ vuqlkj] o"kZ 
2021&22 esa fjdkWMZ 342-33 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu ckxokuh 
mRiknu dk vuqeku gS] tks o"kZ 2020&21 osQ mRiknu ls 7-73 
fefy;u ehfVªd Vu vfèkd gSA o"kZ 2022&23 osQ nkSjku xÂs 
dk oqQy mRiknu fjdkWMZ 468-8 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu gksus dk 
vuqeku gS] tks vkSlr xÂk mRiknu ls 155-3 fefy;u ehfVªd 
Vu vfèkd gSA ?kkVs dh iQly gksus osQ dkj.k] 12oha iapo"khZ; 
;kstuk vofèk osQ nkSjku frygu vkSj vkW;y ike ij jk‘ªh; 
fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ
fdlkuksa dks 
Hkkjh C;kt njksa 
dk Hkqxrku djus ls 
jksdrk gS
51 ????? 2023
fe'ku 'kq: djosQ frygu ij fo'ks"k tksj fn;k x;kA uohure 
iQly mRiknu rduhdksa dks 'kq: djus vkSj u, {ks=kksa esa vius 
•srksa dk foLrkj djosQ frygu mR?iknu esa liQyrk gkfly 
dh xbZA ifj.kkeLo:i] frygu mRiknu o"kZ 1985&86 esa 
108-30 yk• ehfVªd Vu ls c<+dj o"kZ 2022&23 esa 400 
yk• ehfVªd Vu gks x;kA o"kZ 2015&16 ls o"kZ 2020&21 
rd mRiknu dh pØo`f¼ okf"kZd o`f¼ nj 7-7 çfr'kr jghA 
jch 2020&21 osQ nkSjku 'kq: fd, x, fo'ks"k ljlksa dk;ZØe 
dk lcls 'kkunkj ifj.kke vk;kA ljlksa osQ mRiknu esa 40 
çfr'kr dh o`f¼ ntZ dh xbZ] tks 91-24 ls c<+dj 128-18 
yk• Vu gks xbZ] vkSj mR?ikndrk esa 11 çfr'kr dh o`f¼ ns•h 
xbZ] tks 1331 ls 1447 fdyksxzke çfr gsDVs;j gks xbZA jsilhM 
vkSj ljlksa dk {ks=kiQy 29 çfr'kr c<+k] tks o"kZ 2019&20 
esa 68-56 yk• gsDVs;j ls c<+dj o"kZ 2020&23 esa 88-58 
yk• gsDVs;j gks x;kA frygu mR?iknu esa Hkkjh mNky dks 
Hkkjr esa Ñf"k osQ bfrgkl esa vDlj ^ihyh Økafr^ osQ :i esa 
tkuk tkrk gSA
mYys•uh; gS fd Hkkjr dk •k|k mR?iknu bldh 
tula[;k o`f¼ ls vfèkd gks x;k gSA o"kZ 1951 ls 2022 
rd] •k|k mR?iknu esa çfr o"kZ 2-61 çfr'kr dh pØo`f¼ 
nj ntZ dh xbZ] tcfd tula[;k o`f¼ nj 1-95 çfr'kr jghA 
tcfd vukt dk mRiknu yxHkx lkr xquk c<+ x;k gS] blh 
vofèk osQ nkSjku nkyksa dk mR?iknu 3-25 xquk c<+k gSA •k|k 
dh çfr O;fDr çfrfnu miyCèkrk o"kZ 1951 esa 395 xzke ls 
c<+dj o"kZ 2022 esa 514-5 xzke gks xbZ gSA ckxokuh iQlyksa 
(60 izfr'kr lfCt;ka] 31 izfr'kr rkts iQy) dk mRiknu gky 
gh esa •k|k osQ mR?iknu ls vkxs fudy x;k gS] vkSj ns'k dh 
iks"k.k lqj{kk dks ,d etcwr ;ksxnku ns jgk gSA •k| vfèk'ks"k 
jk‘ª gksus osQ ukrs] ljdkj fdlkuksa vkSj ^Ñf"k m|fe;ksa* osQ fgr 
esa Ñf"k&fu;kZr dks c<+kok ns jgh gSA ifj.kkeLo:i] Ñf"k vkSj 
lac¼ fu;kZr o"kZ 2020&21 esa 41-86 fcfy;u vejhdh Mkyj 
ls c<+dj o"kZ 2021&22 esa 50-24 fcfy;u vejhdh Mkyj 
gks x;k gS] ;kuh yxHkx 20 çfr'kr dh o`f¼A ^varjjk‘ªh; 
feysV o"kZ* (2023) eukrs gq,] Hkkjr eksVk vukt osQ fy, 
,d varjjkԻh; osQUnz cuus osQ fy, rS;kj gS] ftls gky gh esa 
^Jh vÂ* uke fn;k x;k gSA bldh fofHk çpkj j.kuhfr;ksa us 
o"kZ 2022&23 esa bldk mR?iknu 159 yk• ehfVªd Vu rd 
c<+k fn;k gS] tcfd ljdkj us o"kZ 2023&24 esa 170 yk• 
ehfVªd Vu mR?iknu dk y{; j•k gSA dksfoM&19 egkekjh osQ 
nkSjku] Hkkjrh; Ñf"k us fjdkWMZ •k|k mR?iknu djosQ viuk 
loZJs"B çn'kZu fd;k] ftlls ns'k egkekjh çHkkfor xjhc ns'kksa 
dks Hkkstu dh vkiwfrZ djus esa l{ke gqvkA
fofHk Økafr;ksa dh ckSNkj 
gfjr Økafr vkSj 'osr Økafr osQ chp dbZ lekurk,a gSa] 
nksuksa us Øe'k% •k|k vkSj nwèk esa vkR?efuHkZjrk ykus esa 
ekSfyd Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA •k|kÂksa dh rjg] vkt+knh osQ le; 
Hkkjr nwèk dh miyCèkrk ls Hkh tw> jgk Fkk] ftldk mRiknu 
ml le; ek=k 17 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu FkkA tSls&tSls gekjh 
vkcknh c<+h] çfr O;fDr nwèk dh miyCèkrk esa fxjkoV vkbZ] 
ftlls ns'k nwèk ladV esa vkSj iaQl x;kA ljdkj us esVªks 'kgjksa 
esa Ms;jh ;kstuk,a LFkkfir dh Fkha] ysfdu mudh vkiwfrZ dk 
,d cM+k fgLlk nwèk ikmMj osQ okf.kfT;d vk;kr ls iwjk 
fd;k x;k FkkA gkykafd] ljnkj oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy dh lykg 
ij LFkkfir ,d liQy nqXèk lgdkjh lfefr vk.kan] xqtjkr 
esa dke dj jgh FkhA o"kZ 1964 esa] jkԻh; Ms;jh fodkl 
cksMZ (,uMhMhch) dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ] ftlosQ çeq•  
MkW oxhZl oqQfj;u FksA ,uMhMhch us Hkkjr dks nwèk mRiknu 
esa vkRefuHkZj cukus osQ fy, o"kZ 1970 osQ n'kd osQ nkSjku 
,d egRokdka{kh dk;ZØe] vkWijs'ku ÝyM (vks,iQ) 
'kq: fd;kA vks,iQ dk;ZØe us nwèk osQ laxzg] çlaLdj.k 
vkSj foi.ku osQ fy, ,d etcwr cqfu;knh <kaps osQ 
lkFk xzke&Lrjh; nqXèk lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dk ,d usVodZ 
cukus osQ fy, ,d vkanksyu 'kq: fd;kA blus vkèkqfud 
rjy nwèk çlaLdj.k la;a=kksa dh 'kq#vkr dh vkSj nwèk dks 
vfèk'ks"k ls deh okys {ks=kksa esa ys tkus osQ fy, ,d jk‘ªh; 
nwèk fxzM cuk;kA vkanksyu us tYn gh xfr idM+ yh vkSj 
cgqr rsth ls nwèk mRiknu larks"ktud Lrj ij igqap x;kA 
o"kZ 1976 rd] nwèk dk fu;fer okf.kfT;d vk;kr can 
gks x;k FkkA rc ls] Hkkjr us nwèk mRiknu osQ ekeys esa 
dHkh ihNs eqM+dj ugha ns•kA
ikSèkksa dh lqj{kk osQ lkFk 
ikSèkksa osQ LokLF; dh j{kk!
çeq• tksj okys {ks=k %
,dhÑr dhV çcaèku dks 
c<+kok nsuk
fo'oluh; vkSj lqjf{kr 
dhVuk'kdksa rd igqap 
lqfuf'pr djuk
laxjksèk mik;ksa dks lqO;ofLFkr 
djus dh xfr dks c<+kus osQ 
fy, vfèkd mit nsus okyh 
iQly fdLeksa dk ços'k
fons'kh dhVksa osQ ços'k dh 
laHkkouk dks jksduk
52 ????? 2023
vkRefuHkZjrk osQ vykok] Hkkjr o"kZ 2021&22 esa yxHkx 
222 fefy;u Vu osQ oqQy mRiknu osQ lkFk ,d n'kd ls 
vfèkd le; ls nwèk mRiknu esa oSf'od usrk gSA ;g nqfu;k 
Hkj esa mRikfnr oqQy nwèk (931 fefy;u Vu) dk yxHkx 24 
çfr'kr cukrk gS] tcfd o"kZ 1973 esa ;g fo'o nwèk mRiknu 
dk osQoy Ng çfr'kr FkkA orZeku esa] Hkkjr dk nwèk mRiknu 
Ng çfr'kr dh nj ls c<+ jgk gS] tcfd oSf'od fodkl nj 
djhc nks iQhlnh gSA nqfu;k Hkj esa nwèk dh çfr O;fDr vkSlr 
miyCèkrk 308 xzke gS] tcfd Hkkjr osQ fy, o"kZ 2022 esa 
;g 444 xzke FkkA bl vn~Hkqr liQyrk] ftls vDlj ^'osr 
Økafr^ osQ :i esa tkuk tkrk gS] us Ms;jh {ks=k dks fo'ks"k :i 
ls xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa lcls vfèkd vkfFkZd :i ls çklafxd m|e 
esa cny fn;k gSA yxHkx 80 fefy;u ifjokjksa dks Ms;jh {ks=k 
ls lhèks jkstxkj fey jgk gS] ftuesa ls vfèkdka'k NksVs vkSj 
lhekar fdlku vkSj Hkwfeghu ifjokj gSaA Hkkjr esa nwèk mRiknu 
o"kZ 2047 esa 628 fefy;u Vu rd igqapus dh mEehn gS] 
tcfd nwèk vkSj Ms;jh mRiknksa dh ekax Hkh 517 fefy;u Vu 
rd igqapus dh mEehn gS] ftlls fu;kZr osQ fy, 111 fefy;u 
Vu nwèk vfèk'ks"k jg tk,xkA
baæèkuq"k osQ ,d vkSj jax dh vksj c<+rs gq,] ^uhyh 
Økafr* Lora=krk osQ ckn çkIr eRL; mRiknu esa o`f¼ dk çrhd 
gSA yxkrkj ç;klksa vkSj çpkj uhfr;ksa osQ dkj.k] Hkkjr vc 
nqfu;k dk nwljk lcls cM+k eNyh mRiknd ns'k gS] ftldk 
oSf'od mRiknu esa 7-58 çfr'kr fgLlk gSA o"kZ 1950&51 esa] 
oqQy eNyh mRiknu 0-752 fefy;u Vu Fkk] tks vc 4-42 
çfr'kr dh okf"kZd pØo`f¼ nj osQ lkFk 16-3 fefy;u Vu 
(2021&22) rd igqap x;k gSA orZeku esa] Hkkjr nqfu;k dk 
,d çeq• leqæh vkgkj fu;kZrd ns'k Hkh gSA eR?L; ikyu {ks=k 
çkFkfed Lrj ij yxHkx 16 fefy;u eNqvkjksa vkSj eNyh 
fdlkuksa dks vkthfodk çnku djrk gSA Hkkjr ljdkj us ikap 
o"kks± dh vofèk (o"kZ 2016&16 ls o"kZ 2019&20) osQ fy, 
eRL; ikyu dk ,dhÑr fodkl vkSj çcaèku & ^uhyh Økafr* 
& ued ,d mYys•uh; ;kstuk ykxw dh] tks eq[; :i ls 
ns'k osQ varnZs'kh; vkSj leqæh {ks=kksa esa eRL; ikyu mRiknu 
vkSj mRikndrk c<+kus ij è;ku osQafær djrk gSA nqfu;k esa vaMs 
dk rhljk lcls cM+k mRiknd cudj ns'k us iksYVªh {ks=k esa 
,d vkSj Økafr ns•h gSA bls vDlj ^jtr Økafr* osQ :i esa 
tkuk tkrk gSA ns'k orZeku esa 1]29]600 fefy;u vaMs (o"kZ 
2021&22) dk mRiknu dj jgk gS] tcfd o"kZ 1950&51 osQ 
nkSjku ;g 1]832 fefy;u FkkA
vkxs c<+us dk jkLrk
Ñf"k {ks=k tyok;q ifjorZu] fcxM+rs çkÑfrd lalkèkuksa] 
de moZjrk vkSj de mRikndrk vkSj xq.koÙkkiw.kZ mit dh 
c<+rh ekax osQ :i esa dbZ pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk dj jgk gSA 
,slh pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus vkSj Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dks Hkfo"; osQ 
fy, rS;kj djus osQ fy,] ljdkj us jkԻh; eap ij lrr 
Ñf"k fe'ku] Ñf"k&rduhdh volajpuk fufèk] ijEijkxr Ñf"k 
fodkl ;kstuk] jk‘ªh; Ñf"k fodkl ;kstuk tSlh igy dh gSaA 
bl rjg dh igy mRikndrk vkSj ykHkçnrk c<+kus osQ fy, 
cqfu;knh <kaps osQ leFkZu vkSj cktkj lacaèkksa osQ lkFk •srksa 
vkSj •srksa esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh osQ vuqç;ksx dks c<+kok 
ns jgh gSA bl rjg dh igy mRikndrk vkSj ykHkçnrk c<+kus 
osQ fy, cqfu;knh <kaps osQ leFkZu vkSj cktkj lacaèkksa osQ 
lkFk •srksa vkSj •srksa esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh osQ vuqç;ksx 
dks c<+kok ns jgh gSA tcfd çkÑfrd •srh u;k ea=k gS] 
Mªksu] fjeksV lsaflax] lVhd Ñf"k vkSj vkbZVh vuqç;ksx tSlh 
mHkjrh çkS|ksfxfd;ka Hkh vkèkqfud Ñf"k esa viuk jkLrk ryk'k 
jgh gSaA gky dh ?kVuk osQ :i esa] Ñf"k&LVkVZvi fMftVy  
midj.kksa vkSj uokpkjksa dks fu;ksftr djosQ] T;knkrj okLrfod 
le; osQ vkèkkj ij fdlkuksa dks Ñf"k lekèkku çnku dj jgs 
gSaA fofHk fMftVy igy Hkh fdlkuksa dks n{krk c<+kus vkSj 
•srh dh ykxr de djus esa lgk;rk dj jgh gSaA fdlkuksa dh 
vk; c<+kus osQ fy,] ljdkj us Ñf"k vkSj lac¼ {ks=kksa esa dbZ 
igy dh gSaA çR;{k foÙkh; lgk;rk ls ysdj iQly chek vkSj 
laLFkkxr ½.k rd] fdlku vk; c<+kus okyh ;kstukvksa osQ 
ewy esa gSaA jk‘ªh; Ñf"k cktkj jk‘ªh; Ñf"k cktkj (bZ,u,,e) 
igy osQ rgr] ns'k Hkj osQ cktkj vc fdlkuksa dks mudh 
mit osQ fy, lokZsÙke ewY; çkIr djus esa l{ke cuk jgs gSaA 
vkRefuHkZjrk ls mBdj Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vc Ñf"k dh oSf'od 
'kfDr cuus dh vksj vkxs c<+ jgh gSA                ?
bZ&uke % eapksa dk eap
vkRefuHkZj Ñf"k osQ fy, ,d fMftVy bdks&flLVe
vusd ckt+kjksa] •+jhnkjksa vkSj lsok çnkrkvksa dh 
vksj fdlkuksa dh fMftVy igqap c<+kus osQ fy, 
eapksa dk eap (ikWi)
ewY; •kst ra=k vkSj xq.koÙkk vuq:i ewY; ra=k 
c<+kus osQ fy, eapksa dk eap (ikWi) 
fdlku vc vius jkT; dh lhekvksa osQ  
ckgj vfèkd vklkuh ls mit csp ldrs gSa
Page 5


49 ????? 2023
Hkkjr esa Ñf"k
oSf'od 'kfDr cuus dh vksj
Nys 75 o"kks± esa] Hkkjrh; Ñf"k us ifjorZu dh 
,d mYys•uh; vkSj egR?oiw.kZ liQyrk dh 
dgkuh fy•h gSA vkt+knh osQ le; •k| oLrqvksa 
dh Hkkjh deh ls 'kq#vkr djrs gq,] vc ge Ñf"k&fu;kZr 
dh c<+rh ço`fÙk osQ lkFk ,d xkSjokfUor •k| vfèk'ks"k jk‘ª 
gSaA ihNs eqM+dj ns•sa] rks Hkkjr dks fouk'kdkjh caxky vdky 
(o"kZ 1943&44) dh Nk;k esa vkt+knh feyh] ftlesa yxHkx 
30 yk• yksx oqQiks"k.k ;k chekjh osQ dkj.k ekjs x,A Hkkjr 
dh tula[;k rhoz •k|k dh deh] yxkrkj lw•s vkSj vdky 
dk lkeuk dj jgh Fkh vkSj O;kid oqQiks"k.k ls ihfM+r FkhA 
gkykafd yxHkx 85 çfr'kr vkcknh xkaoksa esa jgrh Fkh vkSj 
viuh vkthfodk Ñf"k ls çkIr djrh Fkh] ysfdu ns'k esa 
•k|k dh csgn deh Fkh] ftldk eq[; dkj.k •srh osQ çfr 
vaxzst+ ljdkj dh çfrowQy uhfr;ka FkhaA o"kZ 1950&51 osQ 
nkSjku] Hkkjr esa osQoy 50-82 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu •k|k dk 
mR?iknu gqvk] tks c<+rh vkcknh dks i;kZIr :i ls f•ykus 
osQ fy, i;kZIr ugha Fkk vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk vkSj vU; 
fodflr vFkZO?;oLFkkvksa ls •k|k ekaxus osQ fy, Hkkjr 
etcwj gqvkA o"kZ 1948] 1962 vkSj 1965 esa yxkrkj ;q¼ksa 
osQ lkFk&lkFk ckj&ckj iM+us okys lw•s us fLFkfr dks vkSj Hkh 
•jkc dj fn;kA bl xaHkhj ifjn`'; us ns'k dks ,d vçR?;kf'kr 
^tgkt+ ls eqag rd* osQ vfLrRo esa èkosQy fn;k vkSj Hkkjr 
dks ^csfXxax ckmy* ;k ^Hkh• dk dVksjk* jk‘ª osQ :i esa Hkh 
cnuke fd;kA yk•ksa Hkkjrh;ksa dks Hkw• ls cpkus osQ fy, 
Hkw• vkSj xjhch ls tw>rs gq,] ns'k us fodkl osQ fy, viuh igyh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 
(1951&56) dk elkSnk rS;kj fd;k] ftlesa Ñf"k mRiknu c<+kus vkSj Hkw• dks •Re djus dks 
lokZsPp çkFkfedrk nh xbZA ifj.kkeLo:i] Ñf"k mRiknu esa o`f¼ gqbZ] vkSj nwljh iapo"khZ; 
;kstuk esa ljdkj dk è;ku Ñf"k ls vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh vksj LFkkukarfjr djus ds fy, c<+kok 
feykA vkt] Hkkjr Ñf"k osQ oSf'od {ks=k esa dbZ ljkguh; fLFkfr;ksa ls xqtj pqdk gSA mYys•uh; 
gS fd Hkkjr dk •k|k mRiknu bldh tula[;k o`f¼ ls vfèkd gks x;k gSA vkRefuHkZjrk ls 
mBdj Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vc Ñf"k dh oSf'od 'kfDr cuus dh vksj vkxs c<+ jgh gSA
fi
MkW txnhi lDlsuk
iwoZ eq[; laiknd] Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqlaèkku ifj"kn] ubZ fnYyhA  
bZesy% jagdeepsaxena@yahoo.com
50 ????? 2023
la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk us PL&480 ;kstuk osQ rgr cM+h ek=kk 
esa xsgwa nku fd;kA ysfdu tYn gh] vesfjdk osQ lkFk rukoiw.kZ 
varjjk‘ªh; lacaèkksa osQ dkj.k ;g cgqr fupys Lrj ij vk x;kA 
bl vofèk osQ nkSjku] fofy;e vkSj ikWy iSMkWd dh ,d çfl¼ 
iqLrd] iSQfeu 1975 esa Hkfo";ok.kh dh xbZ Fkh fd vkus okys 
o"kks± esa yk•ksa Hkkjrh; Hkw• ls ej tk,axsA
ifjorZu dh dgkfu;ka
Hkw• vkSj xjhch ls tw>rs gq, ns'k us fodkl osQ fy, viuh 
igyh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (1951&56) dk elkSnk rS;kj fd;k] 
ftlesa lokZsPp çkFkfedrk Ñf"k mR?iknu c<+kus vkSj Hkw• feVkus 
dks nh x;hA oqQy ;kstuk fufèk dk yxHkx ,d&frgkbZ fgLlk 
Ñf"k osQ fy, vkoafVr fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlls ns'k esa flapkbZ 
lqfoèkkvksa vkSj moZjd mRiknu esa o`f¼ gqbZA ifj.kkeLo:i] 
Ñf"k mRiknu esa o`f¼ gqbZ] ftlls ljdkj dks nwljh iapo"khZ; 
;kstuk (o"kZ 1956&61 rd) esa viuk è;ku Ñf"k ls gVkdj 
vkS|ksfxd fodkl dh vksj osQafær djuk iM+kA Ñf"k osQ fy, 
vkoaVu esa Hkh 20 çfr'kr dh dVkSrh dh xbZA rhljh iapo"khZ; 
;kstuk (o"kZ 1961&66 rd) osQ nkSjku] •k|k esa vkR?efuHkZjrk 
çkFkfedrkvksa esa ls ,d Fkh] ysfdu ;g phuh vkØkedrk (o"kZ 
1962)] Hkkjr&ikd ;q¼ (o"kZ 1965)] vkSj o"kZ 1965&66 osQ 
nkSjku xaHkhj vkSj yacs le; rd lw•k iM+us ls cqjh rjg foiQy 
jghA blls ns'k esa Hkkjh •k| ladV iSnk gks x;k] ftlosQ pyrs 
yksxksa ls lIrkg esa ,d ckj miokl j•us dh vihy dh xbZA 
yksxksa dks oaQn vkSj eksVs vukt dks 'kkfey djosQ vius Hkkstu 
dh Vksdjh dks O;kid cukus dh Hkh lykg nh xbZA
bl chp] esfDldks esa] ,d oSKkfud] MkW ukWeZu cksjykWx 
us] xsgwa dh vuks•h fdLesa fodflr djosQ liQyrk gkfly 
dh] tks vèkZ&ckSuh] vfèkd mit nsus okyh] jksx&çfrjksèkh] rsth 
ls c<+us okyh vkSj moZjdksa osQ çfr vR;fèkd çfrfØ;k'khy 
FkhaA Hkkjr ljdkj us o"kZ 1966 esa 18]000 ehfVªd Vu ubZ xsgwa 
dh fdLeksa osQ vk;kr dh vuqefr nhA ;s cht fnYyh] gfj;k.kk 
vkSj iatkc esa fdlkuksa dks 5 fdyksxzke osQ iSd esa forfjr 
fd, x,_ vkSj lkFk gh] MkW ,e,l LokehukFku osQ usr`Ro esa 
fdlkuksa osQ •srksa esa 1000 ls vfèkd jk‘ªh; çn'kZu vk;ksftr 
fd, x,A fdlku igys osQ ,d Vu çfr gsDVs;j dh rqyuk 
esa çfr gsDVs;j 4&5 Vu dh liQyrkiwoZd iSnkokj dj losQA 
fdlkuksa us ubZ fdLeksa dks fny ls viuk;kA o"kZ 1968 esa] ns'k 
esa 17 fefy;u Vu xsgwa dh caij iQly gqbZ] tks o"kZ 1966 osQ 
11 fefy;u Vu ls vfèkd FkhA ;g nqfu;k esa vc rd ntZ 
xsgwa mRiknu esa lcls cM+h Nykax FkhA bls ^gfjr Økafr* dgk 
x;kA pkoy osQ ekeys esa Hkh bldk ikyu fd;k x;k vkSj 
blosQ ckn xÂk] dikl vkSj iQyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa tSlh vU; 
iQlyksa osQ mRiknu esa mNky vk;kA gfjr Økafr us vkRefuHkZjrk 
dh uhao j•h vkSj vc ge vfèk'ks"k •k|k okys ns'k vkSj 
'kq¼ Ñf"k fu;kZrd osQ :i esa vkxs c<+ x, gSaA bl vf}rh; 
fof'k‘rk dks çkIr djus osQ fy,] oSKkfud dkS'ky] jktuhfrd 
bPNk'kfDr vkSj fdlkuksa dh esgur lHkh us ,d gh eap ij 
lgfØ;kRed :i ls dke fd;kA
Hkkjr us •srksa esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh osQ vuqç;ksx }kjk 
lapkfyr •srh osQ ,d u, ;qx dh 'kq#vkr dhA blosQ lkFk 
gh] ljdkj us fofHk fof'k‘ ;kstukvksa osQ ekè;e ls Ñf"k 
{ks=k dks uhfr leFkZu] èku vkoaVu vkSj lfClMh çnku dhA 
ifj.kkeLo:i] vkt Ñf"k osQ oSf'od {ks=k esa Hkkjr dk LFkku 
cgqr gh Åapk vkSj ljkguh; gSA Hkkjr nqfu;k dk lcls cM+k 
phuh mRiknd ns'k gS vkSj pkoy osQ mRiknu esa phu osQ ckn 
nwljk LFkku j•rk gSA xsgwa osQ nwljs lcls cM+s mR?iknd osQ :i 
esa] o"kZ 2020 esa oSf'od xsgwa mRiknu esa Hkkjr dh fgLlsnkjh 
yxHkx 14-14 çfr'kr FkhA Hkkjr vkRefuHkZjrk dh vksj rsth 
ls c<+us osQ lkFk] nkyksa dk lcls cM+k mRiknd vkSj miHkksDrk 
Hkh gSA nwljs vfxze vuqeku (o"kZ 2022&2023) osQ vuqlkj] 
ns'k esa •k|k dk mR?iknu 323-5 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu gksus 
dk vuqeku gS] tks o"kZ 2021&22 dh rqyuk esa 7-9 fefy;u 
ehfVªd Vu vfèkd gSA rhljs vfxze vuqeku osQ vuqlkj] o"kZ 
2021&22 esa fjdkWMZ 342-33 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu ckxokuh 
mRiknu dk vuqeku gS] tks o"kZ 2020&21 osQ mRiknu ls 7-73 
fefy;u ehfVªd Vu vfèkd gSA o"kZ 2022&23 osQ nkSjku xÂs 
dk oqQy mRiknu fjdkWMZ 468-8 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu gksus dk 
vuqeku gS] tks vkSlr xÂk mRiknu ls 155-3 fefy;u ehfVªd 
Vu vfèkd gSA ?kkVs dh iQly gksus osQ dkj.k] 12oha iapo"khZ; 
;kstuk vofèk osQ nkSjku frygu vkSj vkW;y ike ij jk‘ªh; 
fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ
fdlkuksa dks 
Hkkjh C;kt njksa 
dk Hkqxrku djus ls 
jksdrk gS
51 ????? 2023
fe'ku 'kq: djosQ frygu ij fo'ks"k tksj fn;k x;kA uohure 
iQly mRiknu rduhdksa dks 'kq: djus vkSj u, {ks=kksa esa vius 
•srksa dk foLrkj djosQ frygu mR?iknu esa liQyrk gkfly 
dh xbZA ifj.kkeLo:i] frygu mRiknu o"kZ 1985&86 esa 
108-30 yk• ehfVªd Vu ls c<+dj o"kZ 2022&23 esa 400 
yk• ehfVªd Vu gks x;kA o"kZ 2015&16 ls o"kZ 2020&21 
rd mRiknu dh pØo`f¼ okf"kZd o`f¼ nj 7-7 çfr'kr jghA 
jch 2020&21 osQ nkSjku 'kq: fd, x, fo'ks"k ljlksa dk;ZØe 
dk lcls 'kkunkj ifj.kke vk;kA ljlksa osQ mRiknu esa 40 
çfr'kr dh o`f¼ ntZ dh xbZ] tks 91-24 ls c<+dj 128-18 
yk• Vu gks xbZ] vkSj mR?ikndrk esa 11 çfr'kr dh o`f¼ ns•h 
xbZ] tks 1331 ls 1447 fdyksxzke çfr gsDVs;j gks xbZA jsilhM 
vkSj ljlksa dk {ks=kiQy 29 çfr'kr c<+k] tks o"kZ 2019&20 
esa 68-56 yk• gsDVs;j ls c<+dj o"kZ 2020&23 esa 88-58 
yk• gsDVs;j gks x;kA frygu mR?iknu esa Hkkjh mNky dks 
Hkkjr esa Ñf"k osQ bfrgkl esa vDlj ^ihyh Økafr^ osQ :i esa 
tkuk tkrk gSA
mYys•uh; gS fd Hkkjr dk •k|k mR?iknu bldh 
tula[;k o`f¼ ls vfèkd gks x;k gSA o"kZ 1951 ls 2022 
rd] •k|k mR?iknu esa çfr o"kZ 2-61 çfr'kr dh pØo`f¼ 
nj ntZ dh xbZ] tcfd tula[;k o`f¼ nj 1-95 çfr'kr jghA 
tcfd vukt dk mRiknu yxHkx lkr xquk c<+ x;k gS] blh 
vofèk osQ nkSjku nkyksa dk mR?iknu 3-25 xquk c<+k gSA •k|k 
dh çfr O;fDr çfrfnu miyCèkrk o"kZ 1951 esa 395 xzke ls 
c<+dj o"kZ 2022 esa 514-5 xzke gks xbZ gSA ckxokuh iQlyksa 
(60 izfr'kr lfCt;ka] 31 izfr'kr rkts iQy) dk mRiknu gky 
gh esa •k|k osQ mR?iknu ls vkxs fudy x;k gS] vkSj ns'k dh 
iks"k.k lqj{kk dks ,d etcwr ;ksxnku ns jgk gSA •k| vfèk'ks"k 
jk‘ª gksus osQ ukrs] ljdkj fdlkuksa vkSj ^Ñf"k m|fe;ksa* osQ fgr 
esa Ñf"k&fu;kZr dks c<+kok ns jgh gSA ifj.kkeLo:i] Ñf"k vkSj 
lac¼ fu;kZr o"kZ 2020&21 esa 41-86 fcfy;u vejhdh Mkyj 
ls c<+dj o"kZ 2021&22 esa 50-24 fcfy;u vejhdh Mkyj 
gks x;k gS] ;kuh yxHkx 20 çfr'kr dh o`f¼A ^varjjk‘ªh; 
feysV o"kZ* (2023) eukrs gq,] Hkkjr eksVk vukt osQ fy, 
,d varjjkԻh; osQUnz cuus osQ fy, rS;kj gS] ftls gky gh esa 
^Jh vÂ* uke fn;k x;k gSA bldh fofHk çpkj j.kuhfr;ksa us 
o"kZ 2022&23 esa bldk mR?iknu 159 yk• ehfVªd Vu rd 
c<+k fn;k gS] tcfd ljdkj us o"kZ 2023&24 esa 170 yk• 
ehfVªd Vu mR?iknu dk y{; j•k gSA dksfoM&19 egkekjh osQ 
nkSjku] Hkkjrh; Ñf"k us fjdkWMZ •k|k mR?iknu djosQ viuk 
loZJs"B çn'kZu fd;k] ftlls ns'k egkekjh çHkkfor xjhc ns'kksa 
dks Hkkstu dh vkiwfrZ djus esa l{ke gqvkA
fofHk Økafr;ksa dh ckSNkj 
gfjr Økafr vkSj 'osr Økafr osQ chp dbZ lekurk,a gSa] 
nksuksa us Øe'k% •k|k vkSj nwèk esa vkR?efuHkZjrk ykus esa 
ekSfyd Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA •k|kÂksa dh rjg] vkt+knh osQ le; 
Hkkjr nwèk dh miyCèkrk ls Hkh tw> jgk Fkk] ftldk mRiknu 
ml le; ek=k 17 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu FkkA tSls&tSls gekjh 
vkcknh c<+h] çfr O;fDr nwèk dh miyCèkrk esa fxjkoV vkbZ] 
ftlls ns'k nwèk ladV esa vkSj iaQl x;kA ljdkj us esVªks 'kgjksa 
esa Ms;jh ;kstuk,a LFkkfir dh Fkha] ysfdu mudh vkiwfrZ dk 
,d cM+k fgLlk nwèk ikmMj osQ okf.kfT;d vk;kr ls iwjk 
fd;k x;k FkkA gkykafd] ljnkj oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy dh lykg 
ij LFkkfir ,d liQy nqXèk lgdkjh lfefr vk.kan] xqtjkr 
esa dke dj jgh FkhA o"kZ 1964 esa] jkԻh; Ms;jh fodkl 
cksMZ (,uMhMhch) dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ] ftlosQ çeq•  
MkW oxhZl oqQfj;u FksA ,uMhMhch us Hkkjr dks nwèk mRiknu 
esa vkRefuHkZj cukus osQ fy, o"kZ 1970 osQ n'kd osQ nkSjku 
,d egRokdka{kh dk;ZØe] vkWijs'ku ÝyM (vks,iQ) 
'kq: fd;kA vks,iQ dk;ZØe us nwèk osQ laxzg] çlaLdj.k 
vkSj foi.ku osQ fy, ,d etcwr cqfu;knh <kaps osQ 
lkFk xzke&Lrjh; nqXèk lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dk ,d usVodZ 
cukus osQ fy, ,d vkanksyu 'kq: fd;kA blus vkèkqfud 
rjy nwèk çlaLdj.k la;a=kksa dh 'kq#vkr dh vkSj nwèk dks 
vfèk'ks"k ls deh okys {ks=kksa esa ys tkus osQ fy, ,d jk‘ªh; 
nwèk fxzM cuk;kA vkanksyu us tYn gh xfr idM+ yh vkSj 
cgqr rsth ls nwèk mRiknu larks"ktud Lrj ij igqap x;kA 
o"kZ 1976 rd] nwèk dk fu;fer okf.kfT;d vk;kr can 
gks x;k FkkA rc ls] Hkkjr us nwèk mRiknu osQ ekeys esa 
dHkh ihNs eqM+dj ugha ns•kA
ikSèkksa dh lqj{kk osQ lkFk 
ikSèkksa osQ LokLF; dh j{kk!
çeq• tksj okys {ks=k %
,dhÑr dhV çcaèku dks 
c<+kok nsuk
fo'oluh; vkSj lqjf{kr 
dhVuk'kdksa rd igqap 
lqfuf'pr djuk
laxjksèk mik;ksa dks lqO;ofLFkr 
djus dh xfr dks c<+kus osQ 
fy, vfèkd mit nsus okyh 
iQly fdLeksa dk ços'k
fons'kh dhVksa osQ ços'k dh 
laHkkouk dks jksduk
52 ????? 2023
vkRefuHkZjrk osQ vykok] Hkkjr o"kZ 2021&22 esa yxHkx 
222 fefy;u Vu osQ oqQy mRiknu osQ lkFk ,d n'kd ls 
vfèkd le; ls nwèk mRiknu esa oSf'od usrk gSA ;g nqfu;k 
Hkj esa mRikfnr oqQy nwèk (931 fefy;u Vu) dk yxHkx 24 
çfr'kr cukrk gS] tcfd o"kZ 1973 esa ;g fo'o nwèk mRiknu 
dk osQoy Ng çfr'kr FkkA orZeku esa] Hkkjr dk nwèk mRiknu 
Ng çfr'kr dh nj ls c<+ jgk gS] tcfd oSf'od fodkl nj 
djhc nks iQhlnh gSA nqfu;k Hkj esa nwèk dh çfr O;fDr vkSlr 
miyCèkrk 308 xzke gS] tcfd Hkkjr osQ fy, o"kZ 2022 esa 
;g 444 xzke FkkA bl vn~Hkqr liQyrk] ftls vDlj ^'osr 
Økafr^ osQ :i esa tkuk tkrk gS] us Ms;jh {ks=k dks fo'ks"k :i 
ls xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa lcls vfèkd vkfFkZd :i ls çklafxd m|e 
esa cny fn;k gSA yxHkx 80 fefy;u ifjokjksa dks Ms;jh {ks=k 
ls lhèks jkstxkj fey jgk gS] ftuesa ls vfèkdka'k NksVs vkSj 
lhekar fdlku vkSj Hkwfeghu ifjokj gSaA Hkkjr esa nwèk mRiknu 
o"kZ 2047 esa 628 fefy;u Vu rd igqapus dh mEehn gS] 
tcfd nwèk vkSj Ms;jh mRiknksa dh ekax Hkh 517 fefy;u Vu 
rd igqapus dh mEehn gS] ftlls fu;kZr osQ fy, 111 fefy;u 
Vu nwèk vfèk'ks"k jg tk,xkA
baæèkuq"k osQ ,d vkSj jax dh vksj c<+rs gq,] ^uhyh 
Økafr* Lora=krk osQ ckn çkIr eRL; mRiknu esa o`f¼ dk çrhd 
gSA yxkrkj ç;klksa vkSj çpkj uhfr;ksa osQ dkj.k] Hkkjr vc 
nqfu;k dk nwljk lcls cM+k eNyh mRiknd ns'k gS] ftldk 
oSf'od mRiknu esa 7-58 çfr'kr fgLlk gSA o"kZ 1950&51 esa] 
oqQy eNyh mRiknu 0-752 fefy;u Vu Fkk] tks vc 4-42 
çfr'kr dh okf"kZd pØo`f¼ nj osQ lkFk 16-3 fefy;u Vu 
(2021&22) rd igqap x;k gSA orZeku esa] Hkkjr nqfu;k dk 
,d çeq• leqæh vkgkj fu;kZrd ns'k Hkh gSA eR?L; ikyu {ks=k 
çkFkfed Lrj ij yxHkx 16 fefy;u eNqvkjksa vkSj eNyh 
fdlkuksa dks vkthfodk çnku djrk gSA Hkkjr ljdkj us ikap 
o"kks± dh vofèk (o"kZ 2016&16 ls o"kZ 2019&20) osQ fy, 
eRL; ikyu dk ,dhÑr fodkl vkSj çcaèku & ^uhyh Økafr* 
& ued ,d mYys•uh; ;kstuk ykxw dh] tks eq[; :i ls 
ns'k osQ varnZs'kh; vkSj leqæh {ks=kksa esa eRL; ikyu mRiknu 
vkSj mRikndrk c<+kus ij è;ku osQafær djrk gSA nqfu;k esa vaMs 
dk rhljk lcls cM+k mRiknd cudj ns'k us iksYVªh {ks=k esa 
,d vkSj Økafr ns•h gSA bls vDlj ^jtr Økafr* osQ :i esa 
tkuk tkrk gSA ns'k orZeku esa 1]29]600 fefy;u vaMs (o"kZ 
2021&22) dk mRiknu dj jgk gS] tcfd o"kZ 1950&51 osQ 
nkSjku ;g 1]832 fefy;u FkkA
vkxs c<+us dk jkLrk
Ñf"k {ks=k tyok;q ifjorZu] fcxM+rs çkÑfrd lalkèkuksa] 
de moZjrk vkSj de mRikndrk vkSj xq.koÙkkiw.kZ mit dh 
c<+rh ekax osQ :i esa dbZ pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk dj jgk gSA 
,slh pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus vkSj Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dks Hkfo"; osQ 
fy, rS;kj djus osQ fy,] ljdkj us jkԻh; eap ij lrr 
Ñf"k fe'ku] Ñf"k&rduhdh volajpuk fufèk] ijEijkxr Ñf"k 
fodkl ;kstuk] jk‘ªh; Ñf"k fodkl ;kstuk tSlh igy dh gSaA 
bl rjg dh igy mRikndrk vkSj ykHkçnrk c<+kus osQ fy, 
cqfu;knh <kaps osQ leFkZu vkSj cktkj lacaèkksa osQ lkFk •srksa 
vkSj •srksa esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh osQ vuqç;ksx dks c<+kok 
ns jgh gSA bl rjg dh igy mRikndrk vkSj ykHkçnrk c<+kus 
osQ fy, cqfu;knh <kaps osQ leFkZu vkSj cktkj lacaèkksa osQ 
lkFk •srksa vkSj •srksa esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh osQ vuqç;ksx 
dks c<+kok ns jgh gSA tcfd çkÑfrd •srh u;k ea=k gS] 
Mªksu] fjeksV lsaflax] lVhd Ñf"k vkSj vkbZVh vuqç;ksx tSlh 
mHkjrh çkS|ksfxfd;ka Hkh vkèkqfud Ñf"k esa viuk jkLrk ryk'k 
jgh gSaA gky dh ?kVuk osQ :i esa] Ñf"k&LVkVZvi fMftVy  
midj.kksa vkSj uokpkjksa dks fu;ksftr djosQ] T;knkrj okLrfod 
le; osQ vkèkkj ij fdlkuksa dks Ñf"k lekèkku çnku dj jgs 
gSaA fofHk fMftVy igy Hkh fdlkuksa dks n{krk c<+kus vkSj 
•srh dh ykxr de djus esa lgk;rk dj jgh gSaA fdlkuksa dh 
vk; c<+kus osQ fy,] ljdkj us Ñf"k vkSj lac¼ {ks=kksa esa dbZ 
igy dh gSaA çR;{k foÙkh; lgk;rk ls ysdj iQly chek vkSj 
laLFkkxr ½.k rd] fdlku vk; c<+kus okyh ;kstukvksa osQ 
ewy esa gSaA jk‘ªh; Ñf"k cktkj jk‘ªh; Ñf"k cktkj (bZ,u,,e) 
igy osQ rgr] ns'k Hkj osQ cktkj vc fdlkuksa dks mudh 
mit osQ fy, lokZsÙke ewY; çkIr djus esa l{ke cuk jgs gSaA 
vkRefuHkZjrk ls mBdj Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vc Ñf"k dh oSf'od 
'kfDr cuus dh vksj vkxs c<+ jgh gSA                ?
bZ&uke % eapksa dk eap
vkRefuHkZj Ñf"k osQ fy, ,d fMftVy bdks&flLVe
vusd ckt+kjksa] •+jhnkjksa vkSj lsok çnkrkvksa dh 
vksj fdlkuksa dh fMftVy igqap c<+kus osQ fy, 
eapksa dk eap (ikWi)
ewY; •kst ra=k vkSj xq.koÙkk vuq:i ewY; ra=k 
c<+kus osQ fy, eapksa dk eap (ikWi) 
fdlku vc vius jkT; dh lhekvksa osQ  
ckgj vfèkd vklkuh ls mit csp ldrs gSa
53 ????? 2023
ehBh Økafr
'kgn  
mRiknu  
esa èkwe
jr us Ñf"k vkèkkfjr lgk;d O;olk; osQ :i 
esa eèkqeD•h ikyu dh vuqdj.kh; rhoz xfr ls 
o`f¼ ns•h gSA Hkkjr esa eèkqeD•h ikyu igkM+ksa] 
rygVh] taxyksa] Ñf"k Hkwfe] eSaxzkso ouksa vkfn esa fd;k tkrk 
gSA eèkqeD•h ikyu esa 'kkfey rduhd ,d {ks=k ls nwljs {ks=k 
esa fHk gksrh gSA eq[; iQly ,fil MksjLVk] ,fil lsjkuk 
vkSj ,fil esfyisQjk ls gksrh gSA ,fil esfyi+Qsjk dks Hkkjr osQ 
mÙkjh vkSj iwohZ eSnkuh bykdksa esa liQyrkiwoZd is'k fd;k x;k 
FkkA ns'k esa fof'k‘ LFkkuksa osQ fy, çcaèku çkS|ksfxdh dk;ZØe 
fodflr gq, gSaA ouLifr vkSj tyok;q dh cnyrh ifjfLFkfr;ksa 
osQ lanHkZ esa tksj fn;k x;k gSA çR;sd Ñf"k&tyok;q {ks=k osQ 
fy, ekSleh çcaèku osQ vykok] dkWyksuh mRikndrk vkSj 'kgn] 
ekse] ijkx] jkW;y tsyh] vkfn osQ mRiknu esa lqèkkj osQ fy, 
mi;qDr çcaèku çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dks viuk;k x;k gSA vkt] Hkkjr 
esa xzkeh.k fodkl dk;ZØe osQ rgr eèkqeD•h ikyu ,d 
egRoiw.kZ] fVdkÅ vkSj vfHk Ñf"k xfrfofèk gS D;ksafd ;g 
iks"k.k] vkfFkZd vkSj ikfjfLFkfrd lqj{kk vkSj larqyu çnku 
djrk gSA Ñf"k&tyok;q ifjfLFkfr;ksa] fofoèk ouLifr;ksa] iQly 
osQ cnyrs Ñf"k@ckxokuh iSVuZ] eèkqefD•;ksa osQ çdkj] çcaèku 
çFkkvksa vkfn dk Kku ns'k esa eèkqeD•h ikyu m|ksx dks 
ehBh Økafr ;k LohV fjoksY;w'ku Hkkjr ljdkj dh ,d egRokdka{kh igy gS] ftldk mís'; 
xq.koÙkkiw.kZ 'kgn vkSj vU; lacafèkr mRiknksa osQ mRiknu esa rsth ykus osQ fy, ,ihdYpj ;k 
eèkqeD•h ikyu dks c<+kok nsuk gSA eèkqeD•h ikyu ,d de fuos'k vkSj vR;fèkd oqQ'ky 
m|e ekWMy gS] ftlesa çkS|ksfxdh dk vuqç;ksx lkekftd&vkfFkZd fodkl osQ fy, ,d egku 
çorZd osQ :i esa mHkjk gSA ehBh Økafr dks cwLVj 'kkWV çnku djus vkSj fe'ku eksM esa oSKkfud 
eèkqeD•h ikyu osQ lexz çpkj vkSj fodkl osQ fy, ljdkj us jk‘ªh; eèkqeD•h ikyu vkSj 
'kgn fe'ku 'kq: fd;kA
Hkk
MkW 'kSys'k dqekj feJ
MkW èkhjt dqekj frokjh
funs'kd (foLrkj)] foLrkj funs'kky;] Ñf"k Hkou] Ñf"k ,oa fdlku dY;k.k ea=kky;A  
bZesy% shaileshk.mishra29@gov.in
oSKkfud] Ñf"k foKku osQUnz (vkbZlh,vkj)] mÂkoA bZesy% dk9hau@gmail.com