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Carbenes	
  and	
  Nitrenes:	
  
Structure,	
  genera3on	
  and	
  reac3vity
Page 2


Carbenes	
  and	
  Nitrenes:	
  
Structure,	
  genera3on	
  and	
  reac3vity
Carbenes
Review	
  of	
  carbon	
  valencies	
  and	
  hybridiza4on
“Carbenes	
  are	
  neutral,	
  highly	
  reac4ve	
  species	
  containing	
  a	
  divalent	
  carbon	
  atom	
  with	
  an	
  electron	
  sextet”
Page 3


Carbenes	
  and	
  Nitrenes:	
  
Structure,	
  genera3on	
  and	
  reac3vity
Carbenes
Review	
  of	
  carbon	
  valencies	
  and	
  hybridiza4on
“Carbenes	
  are	
  neutral,	
  highly	
  reac4ve	
  species	
  containing	
  a	
  divalent	
  carbon	
  atom	
  with	
  an	
  electron	
  sextet”
Comparison	
  between	
  triplet	
  and	
  singlet	
  carbenes
Spin	
  state
Geometry
From	
  X-­-ray	
  structures	
  we	
  know	
  that	
  both	
  singlet	
  and	
  triplet	
  states	
  are	
  bent.
Page 4


Carbenes	
  and	
  Nitrenes:	
  
Structure,	
  genera3on	
  and	
  reac3vity
Carbenes
Review	
  of	
  carbon	
  valencies	
  and	
  hybridiza4on
“Carbenes	
  are	
  neutral,	
  highly	
  reac4ve	
  species	
  containing	
  a	
  divalent	
  carbon	
  atom	
  with	
  an	
  electron	
  sextet”
Comparison	
  between	
  triplet	
  and	
  singlet	
  carbenes
Spin	
  state
Geometry
From	
  X-­-ray	
  structures	
  we	
  know	
  that	
  both	
  singlet	
  and	
  triplet	
  states	
  are	
  bent.
Genera3on	
  and	
  reac3vity	
  di?erences	
  of	
  singlet	
  vs	
  triplet	
  carbenes
Wuth	
  light: Triplet	
  carbene
With	
  gentle	
  warming:	
   singlet	
  cerbene	
  	
  
With	
  metals	
  (catalyst)	
  like	
  Rh(II)	
  or	
  Cu(II): Carbenoids	
  (similar	
  to	
  singlet	
  carbene)
Carbenoids:	
  are	
  compounds	
  that	
  react	
  like	
  carbenes	
  but	
  are	
  not	
  true	
  divalent	
  C	
  species
Page 5


Carbenes	
  and	
  Nitrenes:	
  
Structure,	
  genera3on	
  and	
  reac3vity
Carbenes
Review	
  of	
  carbon	
  valencies	
  and	
  hybridiza4on
“Carbenes	
  are	
  neutral,	
  highly	
  reac4ve	
  species	
  containing	
  a	
  divalent	
  carbon	
  atom	
  with	
  an	
  electron	
  sextet”
Comparison	
  between	
  triplet	
  and	
  singlet	
  carbenes
Spin	
  state
Geometry
From	
  X-­-ray	
  structures	
  we	
  know	
  that	
  both	
  singlet	
  and	
  triplet	
  states	
  are	
  bent.
Genera3on	
  and	
  reac3vity	
  di?erences	
  of	
  singlet	
  vs	
  triplet	
  carbenes
Wuth	
  light: Triplet	
  carbene
With	
  gentle	
  warming:	
   singlet	
  cerbene	
  	
  
With	
  metals	
  (catalyst)	
  like	
  Rh(II)	
  or	
  Cu(II): Carbenoids	
  (similar	
  to	
  singlet	
  carbene)
Carbenoids:	
  are	
  compounds	
  that	
  react	
  like	
  carbenes	
  but	
  are	
  not	
  true	
  divalent	
  C	
  species
Reac3ons	
  of	
  Carbenes	
  and	
  Carbenoids
No	
  maLer	
  how	
  they	
  are	
  generated,	
  four	
  typical	
  reac4ons
Cyclopropana3on
Simmons-­-Smith
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