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C E L L
C E L L
The Fundamental Unit of Life
Page 2


C E L L
C E L L
The Fundamental Unit of Life
Hello everyone, Today we are going
to learn about Cell - The
Fundamental Unit of Life.
Page 3


C E L L
C E L L
The Fundamental Unit of Life
Hello everyone, Today we are going
to learn about Cell - The
Fundamental Unit of Life.
C e l l
Basic and fundamental unit of life, 
it possesses a highly organized
structure that enables it to carry 
out its vital functions.
Page 4


C E L L
C E L L
The Fundamental Unit of Life
Hello everyone, Today we are going
to learn about Cell - The
Fundamental Unit of Life.
C e l l
Basic and fundamental unit of life, 
it possesses a highly organized
structure that enables it to carry 
out its vital functions.
Cellulose cell wall; 
chloroplasts and vacuoles.
P l a n t
Types
of Cells
P r o k a r y o t i c
Lack a defined
nucleus
E u k a r y o t i c
Have a defined
nucleus
Rigid cell wall; 
may have flagella.
A n i m a l
They can have a cell wall,
without differentiated tissues.
P r o t i s t
Chitin Cell Wall; 
they are heterotrophs.
F u n g a l
Dispersed genetic material 
in the cytoplasm.
P r o k a r y o t i c
Page 5


C E L L
C E L L
The Fundamental Unit of Life
Hello everyone, Today we are going
to learn about Cell - The
Fundamental Unit of Life.
C e l l
Basic and fundamental unit of life, 
it possesses a highly organized
structure that enables it to carry 
out its vital functions.
Cellulose cell wall; 
chloroplasts and vacuoles.
P l a n t
Types
of Cells
P r o k a r y o t i c
Lack a defined
nucleus
E u k a r y o t i c
Have a defined
nucleus
Rigid cell wall; 
may have flagella.
A n i m a l
They can have a cell wall,
without differentiated tissues.
P r o t i s t
Chitin Cell Wall; 
they are heterotrophs.
F u n g a l
Dispersed genetic material 
in the cytoplasm.
P r o k a r y o t i c
R e s p i r a t i o n
T r a n s p o r t
D i v i s i o n
P h o t o s y n t h e s i s
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FAQs on PPT: The Fundamental Unit of Life

1. What exactly is a cell and why is it called the fundamental unit of life?
Ans. A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms capable of independent existence and reproduction. It's called the fundamental unit of life because every organism-whether unicellular or multicellular-is composed of one or more cells, making cells the basic building blocks of all life forms.
2. What's the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in Class 8 biology?
Ans. Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, found mainly in bacteria and archaea. Eukaryotic cells contain a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, present in animals, plants, fungi, and protists. This distinction fundamentally separates cellular organization types.
3. Why do plant cells have a cell wall while animal cells don't?
Ans. Plant cells possess a rigid cellulose cell wall outside their cell membrane for structural support, protection, and maintaining shape, especially in non-motile organisms. Animal cells lack this wall because they have flexibility for movement and changing shapes. The cell wall provides plants with rigidity that animals achieve through skeletal systems instead.
4. How do mitochondria and chloroplasts work differently in plant versus animal cells?
Ans. Mitochondria, present in both plant and animal cells, generate ATP energy through cellular respiration. Chloroplasts, found only in plant cells, convert light energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis. Together, these organelles enable plants to be autotrophic while animals depend on external food sources for energy production.
5. What are the main differences between plant cell and animal cell structures for exam preparation?
Ans. Plant cells contain a cell wall, large central vacuole, and chloroplasts; animal cells lack these but have centrioles and smaller vacuoles. Both share nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and cell membranes. Understanding these distinctions helps students identify cell types in diagrams and answer structural comparison questions accurately during assessments.
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