Yojana Magazine June 2024 - 2 (Hindi) | Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


21 ??? 2024
gEen oqQyh oqQrqc 'kkg nDduh lkfgR; osQ 
ç.ksrk gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk rsyqxq lkfgR; osQ 
egku laj{kd Hkh FksA mUgksaus gSnjkckn dh 
LFkkiuk dh vkSj pkjehukj dk fuekZ.k djk;kA vafre 
lqYrku] vcqy glu rkuk 'kkg us ,d çdkj osQ u`R;&ukVd 
dk leFkZu fd;k] ftlus ckn esa oqQfpiqM+h osQ :i esa 
yksdfç;rk gkfly dhA o"kZ 1687 esa vkSjaxtsc us jkT; 
ij dCt+k dj fy;k Fkk vkSj 1713 esa vkt+knh dh ?kks"k.kk 
djus okys vkfli+Q tkg dks mUgksaus fut+ke&my&eqYd uke 
fn;k FkkA muosQ mÙkjkfèkdkjh fut+keksa us 17 flracj] 1948 
rd gSnjkckn ij 'kklu fd;kA
•kbZ ls lqjf{kr rhu&Lrjh; fo+Qyscanh vkSj vkB ços'k 
}kjksa okyk ;g fo'kky fo+Qyk] eè;;qxhu nDdu osQ nkSjku 
egRoiw.kZ FkkA vius vVwV x<+ osQ lkFk&lkFk] xksydksaMk 
fo+Qyk viuh lqfu;ksftr Vkmuf'ki] efLtnksa] if=kdkvksa] 
vUu HkaMkjksa] 'kL=kkxkjksa vkSj eq[;r% LoPN ty vkiwfrZ 
osQ fy, fo[;kr gSA ckykfglkj] DySfiax iksfVZdks] eqnkZ?kj 
Luku] flykbZ •kuk] uxhuk ckx] rkjkerh efLtn] xkMZ 
ykbUl] vDdUuk&eknUuk dk;kZy;] jkenkl tsy] njckj 
eq
gkWy] vacj •kuk] bczkfge efLtn vkSj f'k•j ij ckjknjh 
oqQN egRoiw.kZ xksydksaMk lajpuk,a gSaA 
dksg&,&uwj ghjs dk bfrgkl
dksg&,&uwj ghjs dh •kst lqYrku vCnqYyk oqQrqc 'kkg osQ 
'kkludky osQ nkSjku Ñ".kk unh osQ djhc dksYyksj esa gqbZ FkhA 
ghjs dk otu 360 oSQjV gSA xksydksaMk dks vius ghjk cktkj 
osQ fy, çflf¼ feyhA 
xksydksaMk fo+Qys dh :ijs•k
xksydksaMk dh çkphj iRFkjksa ls cuh gS vkSj vfo'oluh; 
:i ls etcwr gSA bldh ifjfèk yxHkx ikap ehy gSA fo+Qys esa 
48 lqjaxsa] 52 f•M+fd;ka vkSj ukS njokt+s gSaA çR;sd cqtZ rksiksa 
ls lqlfTtr gSA blosQ vanj fufeZr çkphj osQ pkjksa vksj ,d 
iDdk •sr gS vkSj nf{k.k&iwoZ esa FkksM+k vkxs ,d çokg osQ 
lkFk ,d vkSj •kbZ gSA
xksydksaMk fo+Qys osQ }kj
ukS }kj ;k njokt+s gSa% (1) i+Qrsg njokt+k] (2) eksrh 
njokt+k] (3) u, fo+Qys dk njokt+k] (4) tekyh njokt+k] 
(5) catkjh njokt+k] (6) iVups# njokt+k] (7) eDdkbZ 
njokt+k] (8) cksnyh njokt+k] vkSj (9) cgeuh njokt+kA
rsyqxq 'kCn ^xksYyk dksaMk*] ftldk vFkZ gS pjokgs dh igkM+h] ls gh xksydksaMk uke iM+kA 
fo+Qys ij igys dkdrh;ksa dk 'kklu Fkk] ysfdu 1363 bZ- esa bl ij cgefu;ksa us dCt+k 
dj fy;kA 1518 bZ- esa oqQrqc 'kkg lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk djus okys lqYrku oqQyh  
us muosQ r[rkiyV osQ ckn bls jktèkkuh cuk;kA
MkW f'kokuan ;kykyk
;wfuoflZVh dkWyst vkWiQ vkV~lZ ,aM lks'ky lkbalst] mLekfu;k ;wfuoflZVh] gSnjkckn esa çkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl] 
laLÑfr vkSj iqjkrRo foHkkx esa lgk;d çksisQljA bZesy% drsyalala@gmail.com
xksydksaMk fdyk
,d vHks| fdyk
Page 2


21 ??? 2024
gEen oqQyh oqQrqc 'kkg nDduh lkfgR; osQ 
ç.ksrk gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk rsyqxq lkfgR; osQ 
egku laj{kd Hkh FksA mUgksaus gSnjkckn dh 
LFkkiuk dh vkSj pkjehukj dk fuekZ.k djk;kA vafre 
lqYrku] vcqy glu rkuk 'kkg us ,d çdkj osQ u`R;&ukVd 
dk leFkZu fd;k] ftlus ckn esa oqQfpiqM+h osQ :i esa 
yksdfç;rk gkfly dhA o"kZ 1687 esa vkSjaxtsc us jkT; 
ij dCt+k dj fy;k Fkk vkSj 1713 esa vkt+knh dh ?kks"k.kk 
djus okys vkfli+Q tkg dks mUgksaus fut+ke&my&eqYd uke 
fn;k FkkA muosQ mÙkjkfèkdkjh fut+keksa us 17 flracj] 1948 
rd gSnjkckn ij 'kklu fd;kA
•kbZ ls lqjf{kr rhu&Lrjh; fo+Qyscanh vkSj vkB ços'k 
}kjksa okyk ;g fo'kky fo+Qyk] eè;;qxhu nDdu osQ nkSjku 
egRoiw.kZ FkkA vius vVwV x<+ osQ lkFk&lkFk] xksydksaMk 
fo+Qyk viuh lqfu;ksftr Vkmuf'ki] efLtnksa] if=kdkvksa] 
vUu HkaMkjksa] 'kL=kkxkjksa vkSj eq[;r% LoPN ty vkiwfrZ 
osQ fy, fo[;kr gSA ckykfglkj] DySfiax iksfVZdks] eqnkZ?kj 
Luku] flykbZ •kuk] uxhuk ckx] rkjkerh efLtn] xkMZ 
ykbUl] vDdUuk&eknUuk dk;kZy;] jkenkl tsy] njckj 
eq
gkWy] vacj •kuk] bczkfge efLtn vkSj f'k•j ij ckjknjh 
oqQN egRoiw.kZ xksydksaMk lajpuk,a gSaA 
dksg&,&uwj ghjs dk bfrgkl
dksg&,&uwj ghjs dh •kst lqYrku vCnqYyk oqQrqc 'kkg osQ 
'kkludky osQ nkSjku Ñ".kk unh osQ djhc dksYyksj esa gqbZ FkhA 
ghjs dk otu 360 oSQjV gSA xksydksaMk dks vius ghjk cktkj 
osQ fy, çflf¼ feyhA 
xksydksaMk fo+Qys dh :ijs•k
xksydksaMk dh çkphj iRFkjksa ls cuh gS vkSj vfo'oluh; 
:i ls etcwr gSA bldh ifjfèk yxHkx ikap ehy gSA fo+Qys esa 
48 lqjaxsa] 52 f•M+fd;ka vkSj ukS njokt+s gSaA çR;sd cqtZ rksiksa 
ls lqlfTtr gSA blosQ vanj fufeZr çkphj osQ pkjksa vksj ,d 
iDdk •sr gS vkSj nf{k.k&iwoZ esa FkksM+k vkxs ,d çokg osQ 
lkFk ,d vkSj •kbZ gSA
xksydksaMk fo+Qys osQ }kj
ukS }kj ;k njokt+s gSa% (1) i+Qrsg njokt+k] (2) eksrh 
njokt+k] (3) u, fo+Qys dk njokt+k] (4) tekyh njokt+k] 
(5) catkjh njokt+k] (6) iVups# njokt+k] (7) eDdkbZ 
njokt+k] (8) cksnyh njokt+k] vkSj (9) cgeuh njokt+kA
rsyqxq 'kCn ^xksYyk dksaMk*] ftldk vFkZ gS pjokgs dh igkM+h] ls gh xksydksaMk uke iM+kA 
fo+Qys ij igys dkdrh;ksa dk 'kklu Fkk] ysfdu 1363 bZ- esa bl ij cgefu;ksa us dCt+k 
dj fy;kA 1518 bZ- esa oqQrqc 'kkg lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk djus okys lqYrku oqQyh  
us muosQ r[rkiyV osQ ckn bls jktèkkuh cuk;kA
MkW f'kokuan ;kykyk
;wfuoflZVh dkWyst vkWiQ vkV~lZ ,aM lks'ky lkbalst] mLekfu;k ;wfuoflZVh] gSnjkckn esa çkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl] 
laLÑfr vkSj iqjkrRo foHkkx esa lgk;d çksisQljA bZesy% drsyalala@gmail.com
xksydksaMk fdyk
,d vHks| fdyk
22 ??? 2024
i+Qrsg njokt+k
fo+Qys osQ iwoZ esa ;g nksgjk }kj gS] ftls 1687 bZ- esa 
vCnqYyk •ku iUuh us vkSjaxtsc lsuk dks ços'k djus dh 
vuqefr nsus osQ fy, •ksyk FkkA
fo+Qys osQ cqtZ
;gka 87 cqtZ vkSj ckfYV;ka gSaA çkphj ls ikap ehy dh 
nwjh ij 48 cqtZ gSa] ftuesa ls (1) isVyk cqtZ] (2) ekslk cqtZ 
vkSj (3) etuwu cqtZ çfl¼ gSaA
dVksjk gkml
;g fo+Qys dk oqQaM gS] tks 200 xt yack] bruh gh pkSM+kbZ 
vkSj 5 xt xgjk gSA jktk vkSj vU; yksx bl oqQaM esa ukSdk fogkj 
dk vkuan ysrs Fks] tks nqxZ VSad osQ ikuh ls Hkjk gksrk FkkA ;fn 
vki if'peh }kj ij vkokt yxk,axs rks vkokt rhu ckj xwatsxhA
èkku dksBk ;k vukt dk xksnke
;g ,d ,slh txg Fkh tgka vukt dk HkaMkj.k fd;k 
tkrk FkkA xksnke dks ;q¼ osQ nkSjku Hkjk tkrk Fkk rkfd •k| 
vkiwfrZ vk;kr djus dh dksbZ vko';drk u gksA 
tkek&,&efLtn
bl efLtn dh LFkkiuk lqYrku oqQyh oqQrqc 'kkg çFke us 
dh Fkh] ftUgksaus 1518 bZLoh esa bldk fuekZ.k 'kq: djok;k Fkk] 
vkSj ;g fo+Qys osQ vanj iwohZ rjiQ ckyk fglkj xsV osQ lkeus 
fLFkr gSA bl efLtn osQ }kj ij vjch Hkk"kk esa ,sfrgkfld 
tkudkjh vafdr gSA
efLtn&,&eqYyk f•;kyh
;g efLtn u, fo+Qys osQ Hkhrj fLFkr gSA bldk fuekZ.k 
eqYyk f•;kyh us fd;k Fkk] tks ,d jkt dfo FkkA
ckyk fglkj dk fuekZ.k
ckyk fglkj igkfM+;ksa osQ Åij fLFkr gS] ftldh ifjfèk 
yxHkx 1-5 ehy gSA oqQrqc 'kkgh egy] njckj&,&vke 
(vke lHkk)] njckj&,&•kl (fo'ks"k lHkk)] nhoku&,&vke 
vkSj nhoku&,&•kl ;gka fLFkr lajpukvksa esa ls gSaA tgka 
fo'ks"k lHkk,a gksrh gSaA gfFk;kj xksyk ck:n 'kL=kkxkj dk 
HkaMkj d{k] efLtn] efUnj] tyk'k;] ikdZ] Nr ij gkSt vkSj 
tsy tgka jkenkl dks oSQn fd;k x;k Fkk] ;s lHkh ikl esa 
gh fLFkr gSaA ckyk fglkj njckj&,&vke dh vksj tkus okys 
nks ekxZ gSa% ,d nkb± vksj vkSj ,d ckb± vksj tks jkW;y Iysl 
dh vksj tkrk gSA
inZs dh nhokj
ckyk fglkj xsV osQ lkeus inkZuqek nhokj gSA ;q¼ osQ le; 
bl nhokj osQ ihNs ls nq'eu dh xfrfofèk;ksa dk irk yxk;k 
tkrk Fkk vkSj mu ij ut+j j•h tkrh FkhA
ckyk fglkj dk }kj
;gka rd fd cqtZ osQ ihNs ckyk fglkj xsV dh Nr 
ij Hkh dHkh lSfudksa dh Nkouh gqvk djrh FkhA la?k"kZ 
osQ nkSjku ckyk fglkj osQ inkZuqek nhokj ifjlj esa lsuk 
osQ ços'k dks ns•k tk ldrk Fkk vkSj fuxjkuh dh tk  
ldrh FkhA
xeZ rsy ;k lhlk Mkyuk
ckyk fglkj osQ }kj osQ esgjkc osQ nwljs Hkkx osQ eè; esa 
,d Nsn gSA ;fn dksbZ 'k=kq vius gkfFk;ksa osQ }kjk xsV ij geyk 
djus dh çrh{kk dj jgk gks] rks mu ij xeZ rsy ;k fi?kyk 
gqvk lhlk Mkyk tkrk FkkA
èofu&foKku
;fn vki ckyk fglkj osQ }kj osQ Hkhrj eè; esgjkc osQ 
uhps lhf<+;ksa osQ lkeus •M+s gksdj rkyh ctkrs gSa] rks vkidks 
èofu dk ,d oaQiu lqukbZ nsxk tks ckyk fglkj osQ lcls Åaps 
iQrsg njokt+k
tkek&,&efLtn ckyk fglkj dk }kj
Page 3


21 ??? 2024
gEen oqQyh oqQrqc 'kkg nDduh lkfgR; osQ 
ç.ksrk gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk rsyqxq lkfgR; osQ 
egku laj{kd Hkh FksA mUgksaus gSnjkckn dh 
LFkkiuk dh vkSj pkjehukj dk fuekZ.k djk;kA vafre 
lqYrku] vcqy glu rkuk 'kkg us ,d çdkj osQ u`R;&ukVd 
dk leFkZu fd;k] ftlus ckn esa oqQfpiqM+h osQ :i esa 
yksdfç;rk gkfly dhA o"kZ 1687 esa vkSjaxtsc us jkT; 
ij dCt+k dj fy;k Fkk vkSj 1713 esa vkt+knh dh ?kks"k.kk 
djus okys vkfli+Q tkg dks mUgksaus fut+ke&my&eqYd uke 
fn;k FkkA muosQ mÙkjkfèkdkjh fut+keksa us 17 flracj] 1948 
rd gSnjkckn ij 'kklu fd;kA
•kbZ ls lqjf{kr rhu&Lrjh; fo+Qyscanh vkSj vkB ços'k 
}kjksa okyk ;g fo'kky fo+Qyk] eè;;qxhu nDdu osQ nkSjku 
egRoiw.kZ FkkA vius vVwV x<+ osQ lkFk&lkFk] xksydksaMk 
fo+Qyk viuh lqfu;ksftr Vkmuf'ki] efLtnksa] if=kdkvksa] 
vUu HkaMkjksa] 'kL=kkxkjksa vkSj eq[;r% LoPN ty vkiwfrZ 
osQ fy, fo[;kr gSA ckykfglkj] DySfiax iksfVZdks] eqnkZ?kj 
Luku] flykbZ •kuk] uxhuk ckx] rkjkerh efLtn] xkMZ 
ykbUl] vDdUuk&eknUuk dk;kZy;] jkenkl tsy] njckj 
eq
gkWy] vacj •kuk] bczkfge efLtn vkSj f'k•j ij ckjknjh 
oqQN egRoiw.kZ xksydksaMk lajpuk,a gSaA 
dksg&,&uwj ghjs dk bfrgkl
dksg&,&uwj ghjs dh •kst lqYrku vCnqYyk oqQrqc 'kkg osQ 
'kkludky osQ nkSjku Ñ".kk unh osQ djhc dksYyksj esa gqbZ FkhA 
ghjs dk otu 360 oSQjV gSA xksydksaMk dks vius ghjk cktkj 
osQ fy, çflf¼ feyhA 
xksydksaMk fo+Qys dh :ijs•k
xksydksaMk dh çkphj iRFkjksa ls cuh gS vkSj vfo'oluh; 
:i ls etcwr gSA bldh ifjfèk yxHkx ikap ehy gSA fo+Qys esa 
48 lqjaxsa] 52 f•M+fd;ka vkSj ukS njokt+s gSaA çR;sd cqtZ rksiksa 
ls lqlfTtr gSA blosQ vanj fufeZr çkphj osQ pkjksa vksj ,d 
iDdk •sr gS vkSj nf{k.k&iwoZ esa FkksM+k vkxs ,d çokg osQ 
lkFk ,d vkSj •kbZ gSA
xksydksaMk fo+Qys osQ }kj
ukS }kj ;k njokt+s gSa% (1) i+Qrsg njokt+k] (2) eksrh 
njokt+k] (3) u, fo+Qys dk njokt+k] (4) tekyh njokt+k] 
(5) catkjh njokt+k] (6) iVups# njokt+k] (7) eDdkbZ 
njokt+k] (8) cksnyh njokt+k] vkSj (9) cgeuh njokt+kA
rsyqxq 'kCn ^xksYyk dksaMk*] ftldk vFkZ gS pjokgs dh igkM+h] ls gh xksydksaMk uke iM+kA 
fo+Qys ij igys dkdrh;ksa dk 'kklu Fkk] ysfdu 1363 bZ- esa bl ij cgefu;ksa us dCt+k 
dj fy;kA 1518 bZ- esa oqQrqc 'kkg lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk djus okys lqYrku oqQyh  
us muosQ r[rkiyV osQ ckn bls jktèkkuh cuk;kA
MkW f'kokuan ;kykyk
;wfuoflZVh dkWyst vkWiQ vkV~lZ ,aM lks'ky lkbalst] mLekfu;k ;wfuoflZVh] gSnjkckn esa çkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl] 
laLÑfr vkSj iqjkrRo foHkkx esa lgk;d çksisQljA bZesy% drsyalala@gmail.com
xksydksaMk fdyk
,d vHks| fdyk
22 ??? 2024
i+Qrsg njokt+k
fo+Qys osQ iwoZ esa ;g nksgjk }kj gS] ftls 1687 bZ- esa 
vCnqYyk •ku iUuh us vkSjaxtsc lsuk dks ços'k djus dh 
vuqefr nsus osQ fy, •ksyk FkkA
fo+Qys osQ cqtZ
;gka 87 cqtZ vkSj ckfYV;ka gSaA çkphj ls ikap ehy dh 
nwjh ij 48 cqtZ gSa] ftuesa ls (1) isVyk cqtZ] (2) ekslk cqtZ 
vkSj (3) etuwu cqtZ çfl¼ gSaA
dVksjk gkml
;g fo+Qys dk oqQaM gS] tks 200 xt yack] bruh gh pkSM+kbZ 
vkSj 5 xt xgjk gSA jktk vkSj vU; yksx bl oqQaM esa ukSdk fogkj 
dk vkuan ysrs Fks] tks nqxZ VSad osQ ikuh ls Hkjk gksrk FkkA ;fn 
vki if'peh }kj ij vkokt yxk,axs rks vkokt rhu ckj xwatsxhA
èkku dksBk ;k vukt dk xksnke
;g ,d ,slh txg Fkh tgka vukt dk HkaMkj.k fd;k 
tkrk FkkA xksnke dks ;q¼ osQ nkSjku Hkjk tkrk Fkk rkfd •k| 
vkiwfrZ vk;kr djus dh dksbZ vko';drk u gksA 
tkek&,&efLtn
bl efLtn dh LFkkiuk lqYrku oqQyh oqQrqc 'kkg çFke us 
dh Fkh] ftUgksaus 1518 bZLoh esa bldk fuekZ.k 'kq: djok;k Fkk] 
vkSj ;g fo+Qys osQ vanj iwohZ rjiQ ckyk fglkj xsV osQ lkeus 
fLFkr gSA bl efLtn osQ }kj ij vjch Hkk"kk esa ,sfrgkfld 
tkudkjh vafdr gSA
efLtn&,&eqYyk f•;kyh
;g efLtn u, fo+Qys osQ Hkhrj fLFkr gSA bldk fuekZ.k 
eqYyk f•;kyh us fd;k Fkk] tks ,d jkt dfo FkkA
ckyk fglkj dk fuekZ.k
ckyk fglkj igkfM+;ksa osQ Åij fLFkr gS] ftldh ifjfèk 
yxHkx 1-5 ehy gSA oqQrqc 'kkgh egy] njckj&,&vke 
(vke lHkk)] njckj&,&•kl (fo'ks"k lHkk)] nhoku&,&vke 
vkSj nhoku&,&•kl ;gka fLFkr lajpukvksa esa ls gSaA tgka 
fo'ks"k lHkk,a gksrh gSaA gfFk;kj xksyk ck:n 'kL=kkxkj dk 
HkaMkj d{k] efLtn] efUnj] tyk'k;] ikdZ] Nr ij gkSt vkSj 
tsy tgka jkenkl dks oSQn fd;k x;k Fkk] ;s lHkh ikl esa 
gh fLFkr gSaA ckyk fglkj njckj&,&vke dh vksj tkus okys 
nks ekxZ gSa% ,d nkb± vksj vkSj ,d ckb± vksj tks jkW;y Iysl 
dh vksj tkrk gSA
inZs dh nhokj
ckyk fglkj xsV osQ lkeus inkZuqek nhokj gSA ;q¼ osQ le; 
bl nhokj osQ ihNs ls nq'eu dh xfrfofèk;ksa dk irk yxk;k 
tkrk Fkk vkSj mu ij ut+j j•h tkrh FkhA
ckyk fglkj dk }kj
;gka rd fd cqtZ osQ ihNs ckyk fglkj xsV dh Nr 
ij Hkh dHkh lSfudksa dh Nkouh gqvk djrh FkhA la?k"kZ 
osQ nkSjku ckyk fglkj osQ inkZuqek nhokj ifjlj esa lsuk 
osQ ços'k dks ns•k tk ldrk Fkk vkSj fuxjkuh dh tk  
ldrh FkhA
xeZ rsy ;k lhlk Mkyuk
ckyk fglkj osQ }kj osQ esgjkc osQ nwljs Hkkx osQ eè; esa 
,d Nsn gSA ;fn dksbZ 'k=kq vius gkfFk;ksa osQ }kjk xsV ij geyk 
djus dh çrh{kk dj jgk gks] rks mu ij xeZ rsy ;k fi?kyk 
gqvk lhlk Mkyk tkrk FkkA
èofu&foKku
;fn vki ckyk fglkj osQ }kj osQ Hkhrj eè; esgjkc osQ 
uhps lhf<+;ksa osQ lkeus •M+s gksdj rkyh ctkrs gSa] rks vkidks 
èofu dk ,d oaQiu lqukbZ nsxk tks ckyk fglkj osQ lcls Åaps 
iQrsg njokt+k
tkek&,&efLtn ckyk fglkj dk }kj
23 ??? 2024
fgLls ls 'kq: gksrk gSA èofu bl esgjkc osQ ekè;e ls oaQiu 
ls vkrh gSA
'ko Luku?kj 
'ko Luku?kj] ftldk fuekZ.k rqdhZ vkSj i+Qkjlh Luku 
'kSfy;ksa esa fd;k x;k Fkk] dk mi;ksx 'kkgh ifjokj osQ fnoaxr 
lnL;ksa dk vkSipkfjd :i ls Luku djkus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk 
FkkA Luku?kj dk fuekZ.k xeZ vkSj BaMs ikuh osQ oqQaMksa ls fd;k 
x;k Fkk] ftudh vkiwfrZ fNis gq, VsjkdksVk ufydkvksa dh ,d 
ç.kkyh }kjk dh xbZ Fkh] ftUgsa ikuh dh fujarj vkiwfrZ dh 
xkjaVh osQ fy, pwus ls eksVkZj fd;k x;k FkkA ckyk fglkj osQ 
xsVsM Luku {ks=k esa ços'k djrs gh tks jkLrk vkidks nkb± vksj 
ys tkrk gS] mlesa iDosQ oqQaM vkSj feV~Vh osQ ikuh osQ ikbi gSa 
tks nqxZ VSad (nqxZe ps#oq) osQ ikuh ls Hkjs gq, gSaA 'kkgh ifjokj 
osQ Luku osQ fy, oqQaMksa osQ uhps fo'ks"k rjhdksa ls xeZ fd;k 
x;k ikuh miyCèk djk;k tkrk Fkk vkSj fiQj mUgsa mÙkjh }kj ls 
oqQrqc 'kkg dh dczksa rd niQukus osQ fy, ys tk;k tkrk FkkA
uxhuk ckx
uxhuk ckx] eq[; ços'k }kj osQ nkb± vksj ,d vkuan m|ku 
gS] bldk uke ml m|ku ls iM+k gS tgka gje dh oqQyhu 
efgyk,a fo'ks"k voljksa ij xgus •jhnrh FkhaA bldk oxkZdkj 
fMt+kbu iDosQ ekxks± }kjk pkj •aMksa esa foHkkftr gS tks laHkor% 
,d osQaæh; iQOokjs ij feyrs gSaA
nqxZ VSad dh ugj (nqxZe ps#oq)
bl oqQ,a ls dkiQh nwjh ij lhf<+;ksa osQ uhps ls ,d ugj 
fudyrh gSA fo+Qys ls ikap ehy nwj nqxZ rkykc esa] tgka bl 
ugj dh •qnkbZ dh xbZ FkhA ;g ugj iwjs fo+Qys dh ckxokuh 
osQ fy, flapkbZ ç.kkyh osQ :i esa dke djrh Fkh] vkSj 
çR;sd LFkku ij •srh vkSj ckxokuh osQ fy, viuk Lo;a 
dk lsVvi FkkA
o"kkZ ty dk HkaMkj
lhf<+;ksa dh vksj tkus okys jkLrs ij nks HkaMkj.k {ks=k gSa_ 
,d ck;ha vksj gS] vkSj nwljk nk;ha vksj gSA tyk'k; ls ikdks± 
dh flapkbZ dh tkrh FkhA 
jkenkl tsy
;g ,d vk;rkdkj lajpuk gS tks vPNh rjg ls 
fufeZr gS vkSj blesa ,d gh mÙkj ços'k }kj gSA vcqy glu 
oqQrqc (rukg 'kkg) osQ 'kkludky] 1672&1787 bZ- osQ 
nkSjku] ;g bekjr& ftldk ewy mís'; ,d HkaMkjx`g osQ 
:i esa dk;Z djuk Fkk& dks ,d tsy esa cny fn;k x;k 
FkkA jkenkl oaQpsjyk xksiUuk dk miuke gSA vcqy glu 
rkuk 'kkg osQ 'kkludky osQ nkSjku] mUgksaus Hkækpye osQ 
rglhynkj osQ :i esa dk;Z fd;kA og ea=kh eknUuk dk 
Hkrhtk FkkA mUgksaus gh Hkækpye osQ jke efUnj dh LFkkiuk 
dh FkhA bl tsy esa Åijh I;kyh ij] tgka mudh iwtk 
dh tkrh Fkh] guqeku] uoxzg vkSj jke y{e.k dh jkenkl  
}kjk cukbZ xbZ ewfrZ;ka ns•h tk ldrh gSaA
txnEck egkdkyh efUnj
nqxkZ nsoh ;k txnEck egkdkyh dks lefiZr ;g efUnj] 
jktk vcqy glu rkuk 'kkg] vDdUuk vkSj eknUuk osQ eaf=k;ksa 
'kkludky osQ nkSjku cuk;k x;k Fkk] vkSj gSnjkckn ls gtkjksa 
rhFkZ;k=kh gj vk"kk<+ eghus esa cksukyq R;ksgkj eukus osQ fy, 
ogka tkrs gSaA
ckjknjh ;k vke lHkk (njckj gkWy)
ckgjh bykosQ osQ 'kh"kZ ij fLFkr] bl nks eaftyk bekjr 
esa ,d n'kZd d{k vkSj Åijh Lrjksa ij •qyh Nrsa gSaA n'kZd 
d{k fupyh nks eaftyksa esa fLFkr gSa] ftUgsa nhoku&,&•kl vkSj 
jkenkl tsy
txnack egkdkyh dk efUnj
'kkgh 'koLuku x`g
Page 4


21 ??? 2024
gEen oqQyh oqQrqc 'kkg nDduh lkfgR; osQ 
ç.ksrk gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk rsyqxq lkfgR; osQ 
egku laj{kd Hkh FksA mUgksaus gSnjkckn dh 
LFkkiuk dh vkSj pkjehukj dk fuekZ.k djk;kA vafre 
lqYrku] vcqy glu rkuk 'kkg us ,d çdkj osQ u`R;&ukVd 
dk leFkZu fd;k] ftlus ckn esa oqQfpiqM+h osQ :i esa 
yksdfç;rk gkfly dhA o"kZ 1687 esa vkSjaxtsc us jkT; 
ij dCt+k dj fy;k Fkk vkSj 1713 esa vkt+knh dh ?kks"k.kk 
djus okys vkfli+Q tkg dks mUgksaus fut+ke&my&eqYd uke 
fn;k FkkA muosQ mÙkjkfèkdkjh fut+keksa us 17 flracj] 1948 
rd gSnjkckn ij 'kklu fd;kA
•kbZ ls lqjf{kr rhu&Lrjh; fo+Qyscanh vkSj vkB ços'k 
}kjksa okyk ;g fo'kky fo+Qyk] eè;;qxhu nDdu osQ nkSjku 
egRoiw.kZ FkkA vius vVwV x<+ osQ lkFk&lkFk] xksydksaMk 
fo+Qyk viuh lqfu;ksftr Vkmuf'ki] efLtnksa] if=kdkvksa] 
vUu HkaMkjksa] 'kL=kkxkjksa vkSj eq[;r% LoPN ty vkiwfrZ 
osQ fy, fo[;kr gSA ckykfglkj] DySfiax iksfVZdks] eqnkZ?kj 
Luku] flykbZ •kuk] uxhuk ckx] rkjkerh efLtn] xkMZ 
ykbUl] vDdUuk&eknUuk dk;kZy;] jkenkl tsy] njckj 
eq
gkWy] vacj •kuk] bczkfge efLtn vkSj f'k•j ij ckjknjh 
oqQN egRoiw.kZ xksydksaMk lajpuk,a gSaA 
dksg&,&uwj ghjs dk bfrgkl
dksg&,&uwj ghjs dh •kst lqYrku vCnqYyk oqQrqc 'kkg osQ 
'kkludky osQ nkSjku Ñ".kk unh osQ djhc dksYyksj esa gqbZ FkhA 
ghjs dk otu 360 oSQjV gSA xksydksaMk dks vius ghjk cktkj 
osQ fy, çflf¼ feyhA 
xksydksaMk fo+Qys dh :ijs•k
xksydksaMk dh çkphj iRFkjksa ls cuh gS vkSj vfo'oluh; 
:i ls etcwr gSA bldh ifjfèk yxHkx ikap ehy gSA fo+Qys esa 
48 lqjaxsa] 52 f•M+fd;ka vkSj ukS njokt+s gSaA çR;sd cqtZ rksiksa 
ls lqlfTtr gSA blosQ vanj fufeZr çkphj osQ pkjksa vksj ,d 
iDdk •sr gS vkSj nf{k.k&iwoZ esa FkksM+k vkxs ,d çokg osQ 
lkFk ,d vkSj •kbZ gSA
xksydksaMk fo+Qys osQ }kj
ukS }kj ;k njokt+s gSa% (1) i+Qrsg njokt+k] (2) eksrh 
njokt+k] (3) u, fo+Qys dk njokt+k] (4) tekyh njokt+k] 
(5) catkjh njokt+k] (6) iVups# njokt+k] (7) eDdkbZ 
njokt+k] (8) cksnyh njokt+k] vkSj (9) cgeuh njokt+kA
rsyqxq 'kCn ^xksYyk dksaMk*] ftldk vFkZ gS pjokgs dh igkM+h] ls gh xksydksaMk uke iM+kA 
fo+Qys ij igys dkdrh;ksa dk 'kklu Fkk] ysfdu 1363 bZ- esa bl ij cgefu;ksa us dCt+k 
dj fy;kA 1518 bZ- esa oqQrqc 'kkg lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk djus okys lqYrku oqQyh  
us muosQ r[rkiyV osQ ckn bls jktèkkuh cuk;kA
MkW f'kokuan ;kykyk
;wfuoflZVh dkWyst vkWiQ vkV~lZ ,aM lks'ky lkbalst] mLekfu;k ;wfuoflZVh] gSnjkckn esa çkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl] 
laLÑfr vkSj iqjkrRo foHkkx esa lgk;d çksisQljA bZesy% drsyalala@gmail.com
xksydksaMk fdyk
,d vHks| fdyk
22 ??? 2024
i+Qrsg njokt+k
fo+Qys osQ iwoZ esa ;g nksgjk }kj gS] ftls 1687 bZ- esa 
vCnqYyk •ku iUuh us vkSjaxtsc lsuk dks ços'k djus dh 
vuqefr nsus osQ fy, •ksyk FkkA
fo+Qys osQ cqtZ
;gka 87 cqtZ vkSj ckfYV;ka gSaA çkphj ls ikap ehy dh 
nwjh ij 48 cqtZ gSa] ftuesa ls (1) isVyk cqtZ] (2) ekslk cqtZ 
vkSj (3) etuwu cqtZ çfl¼ gSaA
dVksjk gkml
;g fo+Qys dk oqQaM gS] tks 200 xt yack] bruh gh pkSM+kbZ 
vkSj 5 xt xgjk gSA jktk vkSj vU; yksx bl oqQaM esa ukSdk fogkj 
dk vkuan ysrs Fks] tks nqxZ VSad osQ ikuh ls Hkjk gksrk FkkA ;fn 
vki if'peh }kj ij vkokt yxk,axs rks vkokt rhu ckj xwatsxhA
èkku dksBk ;k vukt dk xksnke
;g ,d ,slh txg Fkh tgka vukt dk HkaMkj.k fd;k 
tkrk FkkA xksnke dks ;q¼ osQ nkSjku Hkjk tkrk Fkk rkfd •k| 
vkiwfrZ vk;kr djus dh dksbZ vko';drk u gksA 
tkek&,&efLtn
bl efLtn dh LFkkiuk lqYrku oqQyh oqQrqc 'kkg çFke us 
dh Fkh] ftUgksaus 1518 bZLoh esa bldk fuekZ.k 'kq: djok;k Fkk] 
vkSj ;g fo+Qys osQ vanj iwohZ rjiQ ckyk fglkj xsV osQ lkeus 
fLFkr gSA bl efLtn osQ }kj ij vjch Hkk"kk esa ,sfrgkfld 
tkudkjh vafdr gSA
efLtn&,&eqYyk f•;kyh
;g efLtn u, fo+Qys osQ Hkhrj fLFkr gSA bldk fuekZ.k 
eqYyk f•;kyh us fd;k Fkk] tks ,d jkt dfo FkkA
ckyk fglkj dk fuekZ.k
ckyk fglkj igkfM+;ksa osQ Åij fLFkr gS] ftldh ifjfèk 
yxHkx 1-5 ehy gSA oqQrqc 'kkgh egy] njckj&,&vke 
(vke lHkk)] njckj&,&•kl (fo'ks"k lHkk)] nhoku&,&vke 
vkSj nhoku&,&•kl ;gka fLFkr lajpukvksa esa ls gSaA tgka 
fo'ks"k lHkk,a gksrh gSaA gfFk;kj xksyk ck:n 'kL=kkxkj dk 
HkaMkj d{k] efLtn] efUnj] tyk'k;] ikdZ] Nr ij gkSt vkSj 
tsy tgka jkenkl dks oSQn fd;k x;k Fkk] ;s lHkh ikl esa 
gh fLFkr gSaA ckyk fglkj njckj&,&vke dh vksj tkus okys 
nks ekxZ gSa% ,d nkb± vksj vkSj ,d ckb± vksj tks jkW;y Iysl 
dh vksj tkrk gSA
inZs dh nhokj
ckyk fglkj xsV osQ lkeus inkZuqek nhokj gSA ;q¼ osQ le; 
bl nhokj osQ ihNs ls nq'eu dh xfrfofèk;ksa dk irk yxk;k 
tkrk Fkk vkSj mu ij ut+j j•h tkrh FkhA
ckyk fglkj dk }kj
;gka rd fd cqtZ osQ ihNs ckyk fglkj xsV dh Nr 
ij Hkh dHkh lSfudksa dh Nkouh gqvk djrh FkhA la?k"kZ 
osQ nkSjku ckyk fglkj osQ inkZuqek nhokj ifjlj esa lsuk 
osQ ços'k dks ns•k tk ldrk Fkk vkSj fuxjkuh dh tk  
ldrh FkhA
xeZ rsy ;k lhlk Mkyuk
ckyk fglkj osQ }kj osQ esgjkc osQ nwljs Hkkx osQ eè; esa 
,d Nsn gSA ;fn dksbZ 'k=kq vius gkfFk;ksa osQ }kjk xsV ij geyk 
djus dh çrh{kk dj jgk gks] rks mu ij xeZ rsy ;k fi?kyk 
gqvk lhlk Mkyk tkrk FkkA
èofu&foKku
;fn vki ckyk fglkj osQ }kj osQ Hkhrj eè; esgjkc osQ 
uhps lhf<+;ksa osQ lkeus •M+s gksdj rkyh ctkrs gSa] rks vkidks 
èofu dk ,d oaQiu lqukbZ nsxk tks ckyk fglkj osQ lcls Åaps 
iQrsg njokt+k
tkek&,&efLtn ckyk fglkj dk }kj
23 ??? 2024
fgLls ls 'kq: gksrk gSA èofu bl esgjkc osQ ekè;e ls oaQiu 
ls vkrh gSA
'ko Luku?kj 
'ko Luku?kj] ftldk fuekZ.k rqdhZ vkSj i+Qkjlh Luku 
'kSfy;ksa esa fd;k x;k Fkk] dk mi;ksx 'kkgh ifjokj osQ fnoaxr 
lnL;ksa dk vkSipkfjd :i ls Luku djkus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk 
FkkA Luku?kj dk fuekZ.k xeZ vkSj BaMs ikuh osQ oqQaMksa ls fd;k 
x;k Fkk] ftudh vkiwfrZ fNis gq, VsjkdksVk ufydkvksa dh ,d 
ç.kkyh }kjk dh xbZ Fkh] ftUgsa ikuh dh fujarj vkiwfrZ dh 
xkjaVh osQ fy, pwus ls eksVkZj fd;k x;k FkkA ckyk fglkj osQ 
xsVsM Luku {ks=k esa ços'k djrs gh tks jkLrk vkidks nkb± vksj 
ys tkrk gS] mlesa iDosQ oqQaM vkSj feV~Vh osQ ikuh osQ ikbi gSa 
tks nqxZ VSad (nqxZe ps#oq) osQ ikuh ls Hkjs gq, gSaA 'kkgh ifjokj 
osQ Luku osQ fy, oqQaMksa osQ uhps fo'ks"k rjhdksa ls xeZ fd;k 
x;k ikuh miyCèk djk;k tkrk Fkk vkSj fiQj mUgsa mÙkjh }kj ls 
oqQrqc 'kkg dh dczksa rd niQukus osQ fy, ys tk;k tkrk FkkA
uxhuk ckx
uxhuk ckx] eq[; ços'k }kj osQ nkb± vksj ,d vkuan m|ku 
gS] bldk uke ml m|ku ls iM+k gS tgka gje dh oqQyhu 
efgyk,a fo'ks"k voljksa ij xgus •jhnrh FkhaA bldk oxkZdkj 
fMt+kbu iDosQ ekxks± }kjk pkj •aMksa esa foHkkftr gS tks laHkor% 
,d osQaæh; iQOokjs ij feyrs gSaA
nqxZ VSad dh ugj (nqxZe ps#oq)
bl oqQ,a ls dkiQh nwjh ij lhf<+;ksa osQ uhps ls ,d ugj 
fudyrh gSA fo+Qys ls ikap ehy nwj nqxZ rkykc esa] tgka bl 
ugj dh •qnkbZ dh xbZ FkhA ;g ugj iwjs fo+Qys dh ckxokuh 
osQ fy, flapkbZ ç.kkyh osQ :i esa dke djrh Fkh] vkSj 
çR;sd LFkku ij •srh vkSj ckxokuh osQ fy, viuk Lo;a 
dk lsVvi FkkA
o"kkZ ty dk HkaMkj
lhf<+;ksa dh vksj tkus okys jkLrs ij nks HkaMkj.k {ks=k gSa_ 
,d ck;ha vksj gS] vkSj nwljk nk;ha vksj gSA tyk'k; ls ikdks± 
dh flapkbZ dh tkrh FkhA 
jkenkl tsy
;g ,d vk;rkdkj lajpuk gS tks vPNh rjg ls 
fufeZr gS vkSj blesa ,d gh mÙkj ços'k }kj gSA vcqy glu 
oqQrqc (rukg 'kkg) osQ 'kkludky] 1672&1787 bZ- osQ 
nkSjku] ;g bekjr& ftldk ewy mís'; ,d HkaMkjx`g osQ 
:i esa dk;Z djuk Fkk& dks ,d tsy esa cny fn;k x;k 
FkkA jkenkl oaQpsjyk xksiUuk dk miuke gSA vcqy glu 
rkuk 'kkg osQ 'kkludky osQ nkSjku] mUgksaus Hkækpye osQ 
rglhynkj osQ :i esa dk;Z fd;kA og ea=kh eknUuk dk 
Hkrhtk FkkA mUgksaus gh Hkækpye osQ jke efUnj dh LFkkiuk 
dh FkhA bl tsy esa Åijh I;kyh ij] tgka mudh iwtk 
dh tkrh Fkh] guqeku] uoxzg vkSj jke y{e.k dh jkenkl  
}kjk cukbZ xbZ ewfrZ;ka ns•h tk ldrh gSaA
txnEck egkdkyh efUnj
nqxkZ nsoh ;k txnEck egkdkyh dks lefiZr ;g efUnj] 
jktk vcqy glu rkuk 'kkg] vDdUuk vkSj eknUuk osQ eaf=k;ksa 
'kkludky osQ nkSjku cuk;k x;k Fkk] vkSj gSnjkckn ls gtkjksa 
rhFkZ;k=kh gj vk"kk<+ eghus esa cksukyq R;ksgkj eukus osQ fy, 
ogka tkrs gSaA
ckjknjh ;k vke lHkk (njckj gkWy)
ckgjh bykosQ osQ 'kh"kZ ij fLFkr] bl nks eaftyk bekjr 
esa ,d n'kZd d{k vkSj Åijh Lrjksa ij •qyh Nrsa gSaA n'kZd 
d{k fupyh nks eaftyksa esa fLFkr gSa] ftUgsa nhoku&,&•kl vkSj 
jkenkl tsy
txnack egkdkyh dk efUnj
'kkgh 'koLuku x`g
24 ??? 2024
'kkgh egy (tukuk)
nhoku&,&vke dgk tkrk gSA oqQrqc 'kkgh jktk viuh vke 
lHkk cqykrs gSaA bl bekjr esa ,d Hkwfexr lqjax gS tks xks'kk 
egy rd tkrh gSA yxHkx rhl ehy rd euksje ifjn`'; 
dks ns•us okyh ,d 'kkgh lhV ckjknjh dh lcls Åaph Nr 
ij fLFkr gS] tks leqæ ry ls 2000 iQhV Åij vkSj 400 
iQhV Åaph gSA
egyksa dh vksj tkus okyh lhf<+;ksa ij ikuh dh O;oLFkk 
egyksa dh vksj tkus okyh lhf<+;ksa ij ikuh dh O;oLFkk 
ckyk fglkj osQ vkèkkj ls oqQrqc 'kkgh osQ egyksa rd ,d 
jkLrk iwoZ dh vksj tkrk gS] tgka 300 iQhV ÅapkbZ rd ikuh 
j•us okys ikap oqQaM fLFkr gSaA lHkh egyksa dks lcls Åaps gkSt+ 
ls ikuh dh vkiwfrZ dh tkrh Fkh] ftls ,d ihfyax Oghy dk 
mi;ksx djosQ ikuh ls Hkjk tkrk FkkA nqxZ VSad ls ikuh igys 
njckj&,&•kl gkSt esa Mkyk tkrk Fkk] fiQj mlosQ ifg;s osQ 
ekè;e ls nhoku&,&•kl gkSt] nhoku&,&vke gkSt+] rkjkerh 
osQ egy vkSj çsekorh osQ egy osQ oqQaMksa esa Mkyk tkrk FkkA
'kL=kkxkj ;k vlykg •kuk
vlyk •kuk ,d rhu eaftyk lajpuk gS ftlesa çR;sd 
Lrj ij vyx&vyx vkdkj osQ can vkSj •qys esgjkc gSaA 
lajpuk osQ çR;sd Lrj esa lkr esgjkc gSa] vkSj çR;sd Lrj ij 
nks y?kq can vkdZsM VqdM+s nksuksa rjiQ fn•kbZ nsrs gSaA ;g fo+Qys 
osQ vanj lcls vkd"kZd lajpukvksa esa ls ,d gS vkSj bls 
'kSyhxr :i ls 16oha 'krkCnh osQ mÙkjkèkZ dk ekuk tk ldrk 
gSA ;g bekjr dHkh gfFk;kjksa dk fMiks Fkh] tSlk fd ogka j•s 
'kL=kkxkj ;k vlykg[kkuk
Page 5


21 ??? 2024
gEen oqQyh oqQrqc 'kkg nDduh lkfgR; osQ 
ç.ksrk gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk rsyqxq lkfgR; osQ 
egku laj{kd Hkh FksA mUgksaus gSnjkckn dh 
LFkkiuk dh vkSj pkjehukj dk fuekZ.k djk;kA vafre 
lqYrku] vcqy glu rkuk 'kkg us ,d çdkj osQ u`R;&ukVd 
dk leFkZu fd;k] ftlus ckn esa oqQfpiqM+h osQ :i esa 
yksdfç;rk gkfly dhA o"kZ 1687 esa vkSjaxtsc us jkT; 
ij dCt+k dj fy;k Fkk vkSj 1713 esa vkt+knh dh ?kks"k.kk 
djus okys vkfli+Q tkg dks mUgksaus fut+ke&my&eqYd uke 
fn;k FkkA muosQ mÙkjkfèkdkjh fut+keksa us 17 flracj] 1948 
rd gSnjkckn ij 'kklu fd;kA
•kbZ ls lqjf{kr rhu&Lrjh; fo+Qyscanh vkSj vkB ços'k 
}kjksa okyk ;g fo'kky fo+Qyk] eè;;qxhu nDdu osQ nkSjku 
egRoiw.kZ FkkA vius vVwV x<+ osQ lkFk&lkFk] xksydksaMk 
fo+Qyk viuh lqfu;ksftr Vkmuf'ki] efLtnksa] if=kdkvksa] 
vUu HkaMkjksa] 'kL=kkxkjksa vkSj eq[;r% LoPN ty vkiwfrZ 
osQ fy, fo[;kr gSA ckykfglkj] DySfiax iksfVZdks] eqnkZ?kj 
Luku] flykbZ •kuk] uxhuk ckx] rkjkerh efLtn] xkMZ 
ykbUl] vDdUuk&eknUuk dk;kZy;] jkenkl tsy] njckj 
eq
gkWy] vacj •kuk] bczkfge efLtn vkSj f'k•j ij ckjknjh 
oqQN egRoiw.kZ xksydksaMk lajpuk,a gSaA 
dksg&,&uwj ghjs dk bfrgkl
dksg&,&uwj ghjs dh •kst lqYrku vCnqYyk oqQrqc 'kkg osQ 
'kkludky osQ nkSjku Ñ".kk unh osQ djhc dksYyksj esa gqbZ FkhA 
ghjs dk otu 360 oSQjV gSA xksydksaMk dks vius ghjk cktkj 
osQ fy, çflf¼ feyhA 
xksydksaMk fo+Qys dh :ijs•k
xksydksaMk dh çkphj iRFkjksa ls cuh gS vkSj vfo'oluh; 
:i ls etcwr gSA bldh ifjfèk yxHkx ikap ehy gSA fo+Qys esa 
48 lqjaxsa] 52 f•M+fd;ka vkSj ukS njokt+s gSaA çR;sd cqtZ rksiksa 
ls lqlfTtr gSA blosQ vanj fufeZr çkphj osQ pkjksa vksj ,d 
iDdk •sr gS vkSj nf{k.k&iwoZ esa FkksM+k vkxs ,d çokg osQ 
lkFk ,d vkSj •kbZ gSA
xksydksaMk fo+Qys osQ }kj
ukS }kj ;k njokt+s gSa% (1) i+Qrsg njokt+k] (2) eksrh 
njokt+k] (3) u, fo+Qys dk njokt+k] (4) tekyh njokt+k] 
(5) catkjh njokt+k] (6) iVups# njokt+k] (7) eDdkbZ 
njokt+k] (8) cksnyh njokt+k] vkSj (9) cgeuh njokt+kA
rsyqxq 'kCn ^xksYyk dksaMk*] ftldk vFkZ gS pjokgs dh igkM+h] ls gh xksydksaMk uke iM+kA 
fo+Qys ij igys dkdrh;ksa dk 'kklu Fkk] ysfdu 1363 bZ- esa bl ij cgefu;ksa us dCt+k 
dj fy;kA 1518 bZ- esa oqQrqc 'kkg lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk djus okys lqYrku oqQyh  
us muosQ r[rkiyV osQ ckn bls jktèkkuh cuk;kA
MkW f'kokuan ;kykyk
;wfuoflZVh dkWyst vkWiQ vkV~lZ ,aM lks'ky lkbalst] mLekfu;k ;wfuoflZVh] gSnjkckn esa çkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl] 
laLÑfr vkSj iqjkrRo foHkkx esa lgk;d çksisQljA bZesy% drsyalala@gmail.com
xksydksaMk fdyk
,d vHks| fdyk
22 ??? 2024
i+Qrsg njokt+k
fo+Qys osQ iwoZ esa ;g nksgjk }kj gS] ftls 1687 bZ- esa 
vCnqYyk •ku iUuh us vkSjaxtsc lsuk dks ços'k djus dh 
vuqefr nsus osQ fy, •ksyk FkkA
fo+Qys osQ cqtZ
;gka 87 cqtZ vkSj ckfYV;ka gSaA çkphj ls ikap ehy dh 
nwjh ij 48 cqtZ gSa] ftuesa ls (1) isVyk cqtZ] (2) ekslk cqtZ 
vkSj (3) etuwu cqtZ çfl¼ gSaA
dVksjk gkml
;g fo+Qys dk oqQaM gS] tks 200 xt yack] bruh gh pkSM+kbZ 
vkSj 5 xt xgjk gSA jktk vkSj vU; yksx bl oqQaM esa ukSdk fogkj 
dk vkuan ysrs Fks] tks nqxZ VSad osQ ikuh ls Hkjk gksrk FkkA ;fn 
vki if'peh }kj ij vkokt yxk,axs rks vkokt rhu ckj xwatsxhA
èkku dksBk ;k vukt dk xksnke
;g ,d ,slh txg Fkh tgka vukt dk HkaMkj.k fd;k 
tkrk FkkA xksnke dks ;q¼ osQ nkSjku Hkjk tkrk Fkk rkfd •k| 
vkiwfrZ vk;kr djus dh dksbZ vko';drk u gksA 
tkek&,&efLtn
bl efLtn dh LFkkiuk lqYrku oqQyh oqQrqc 'kkg çFke us 
dh Fkh] ftUgksaus 1518 bZLoh esa bldk fuekZ.k 'kq: djok;k Fkk] 
vkSj ;g fo+Qys osQ vanj iwohZ rjiQ ckyk fglkj xsV osQ lkeus 
fLFkr gSA bl efLtn osQ }kj ij vjch Hkk"kk esa ,sfrgkfld 
tkudkjh vafdr gSA
efLtn&,&eqYyk f•;kyh
;g efLtn u, fo+Qys osQ Hkhrj fLFkr gSA bldk fuekZ.k 
eqYyk f•;kyh us fd;k Fkk] tks ,d jkt dfo FkkA
ckyk fglkj dk fuekZ.k
ckyk fglkj igkfM+;ksa osQ Åij fLFkr gS] ftldh ifjfèk 
yxHkx 1-5 ehy gSA oqQrqc 'kkgh egy] njckj&,&vke 
(vke lHkk)] njckj&,&•kl (fo'ks"k lHkk)] nhoku&,&vke 
vkSj nhoku&,&•kl ;gka fLFkr lajpukvksa esa ls gSaA tgka 
fo'ks"k lHkk,a gksrh gSaA gfFk;kj xksyk ck:n 'kL=kkxkj dk 
HkaMkj d{k] efLtn] efUnj] tyk'k;] ikdZ] Nr ij gkSt vkSj 
tsy tgka jkenkl dks oSQn fd;k x;k Fkk] ;s lHkh ikl esa 
gh fLFkr gSaA ckyk fglkj njckj&,&vke dh vksj tkus okys 
nks ekxZ gSa% ,d nkb± vksj vkSj ,d ckb± vksj tks jkW;y Iysl 
dh vksj tkrk gSA
inZs dh nhokj
ckyk fglkj xsV osQ lkeus inkZuqek nhokj gSA ;q¼ osQ le; 
bl nhokj osQ ihNs ls nq'eu dh xfrfofèk;ksa dk irk yxk;k 
tkrk Fkk vkSj mu ij ut+j j•h tkrh FkhA
ckyk fglkj dk }kj
;gka rd fd cqtZ osQ ihNs ckyk fglkj xsV dh Nr 
ij Hkh dHkh lSfudksa dh Nkouh gqvk djrh FkhA la?k"kZ 
osQ nkSjku ckyk fglkj osQ inkZuqek nhokj ifjlj esa lsuk 
osQ ços'k dks ns•k tk ldrk Fkk vkSj fuxjkuh dh tk  
ldrh FkhA
xeZ rsy ;k lhlk Mkyuk
ckyk fglkj osQ }kj osQ esgjkc osQ nwljs Hkkx osQ eè; esa 
,d Nsn gSA ;fn dksbZ 'k=kq vius gkfFk;ksa osQ }kjk xsV ij geyk 
djus dh çrh{kk dj jgk gks] rks mu ij xeZ rsy ;k fi?kyk 
gqvk lhlk Mkyk tkrk FkkA
èofu&foKku
;fn vki ckyk fglkj osQ }kj osQ Hkhrj eè; esgjkc osQ 
uhps lhf<+;ksa osQ lkeus •M+s gksdj rkyh ctkrs gSa] rks vkidks 
èofu dk ,d oaQiu lqukbZ nsxk tks ckyk fglkj osQ lcls Åaps 
iQrsg njokt+k
tkek&,&efLtn ckyk fglkj dk }kj
23 ??? 2024
fgLls ls 'kq: gksrk gSA èofu bl esgjkc osQ ekè;e ls oaQiu 
ls vkrh gSA
'ko Luku?kj 
'ko Luku?kj] ftldk fuekZ.k rqdhZ vkSj i+Qkjlh Luku 
'kSfy;ksa esa fd;k x;k Fkk] dk mi;ksx 'kkgh ifjokj osQ fnoaxr 
lnL;ksa dk vkSipkfjd :i ls Luku djkus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk 
FkkA Luku?kj dk fuekZ.k xeZ vkSj BaMs ikuh osQ oqQaMksa ls fd;k 
x;k Fkk] ftudh vkiwfrZ fNis gq, VsjkdksVk ufydkvksa dh ,d 
ç.kkyh }kjk dh xbZ Fkh] ftUgsa ikuh dh fujarj vkiwfrZ dh 
xkjaVh osQ fy, pwus ls eksVkZj fd;k x;k FkkA ckyk fglkj osQ 
xsVsM Luku {ks=k esa ços'k djrs gh tks jkLrk vkidks nkb± vksj 
ys tkrk gS] mlesa iDosQ oqQaM vkSj feV~Vh osQ ikuh osQ ikbi gSa 
tks nqxZ VSad (nqxZe ps#oq) osQ ikuh ls Hkjs gq, gSaA 'kkgh ifjokj 
osQ Luku osQ fy, oqQaMksa osQ uhps fo'ks"k rjhdksa ls xeZ fd;k 
x;k ikuh miyCèk djk;k tkrk Fkk vkSj fiQj mUgsa mÙkjh }kj ls 
oqQrqc 'kkg dh dczksa rd niQukus osQ fy, ys tk;k tkrk FkkA
uxhuk ckx
uxhuk ckx] eq[; ços'k }kj osQ nkb± vksj ,d vkuan m|ku 
gS] bldk uke ml m|ku ls iM+k gS tgka gje dh oqQyhu 
efgyk,a fo'ks"k voljksa ij xgus •jhnrh FkhaA bldk oxkZdkj 
fMt+kbu iDosQ ekxks± }kjk pkj •aMksa esa foHkkftr gS tks laHkor% 
,d osQaæh; iQOokjs ij feyrs gSaA
nqxZ VSad dh ugj (nqxZe ps#oq)
bl oqQ,a ls dkiQh nwjh ij lhf<+;ksa osQ uhps ls ,d ugj 
fudyrh gSA fo+Qys ls ikap ehy nwj nqxZ rkykc esa] tgka bl 
ugj dh •qnkbZ dh xbZ FkhA ;g ugj iwjs fo+Qys dh ckxokuh 
osQ fy, flapkbZ ç.kkyh osQ :i esa dke djrh Fkh] vkSj 
çR;sd LFkku ij •srh vkSj ckxokuh osQ fy, viuk Lo;a 
dk lsVvi FkkA
o"kkZ ty dk HkaMkj
lhf<+;ksa dh vksj tkus okys jkLrs ij nks HkaMkj.k {ks=k gSa_ 
,d ck;ha vksj gS] vkSj nwljk nk;ha vksj gSA tyk'k; ls ikdks± 
dh flapkbZ dh tkrh FkhA 
jkenkl tsy
;g ,d vk;rkdkj lajpuk gS tks vPNh rjg ls 
fufeZr gS vkSj blesa ,d gh mÙkj ços'k }kj gSA vcqy glu 
oqQrqc (rukg 'kkg) osQ 'kkludky] 1672&1787 bZ- osQ 
nkSjku] ;g bekjr& ftldk ewy mís'; ,d HkaMkjx`g osQ 
:i esa dk;Z djuk Fkk& dks ,d tsy esa cny fn;k x;k 
FkkA jkenkl oaQpsjyk xksiUuk dk miuke gSA vcqy glu 
rkuk 'kkg osQ 'kkludky osQ nkSjku] mUgksaus Hkækpye osQ 
rglhynkj osQ :i esa dk;Z fd;kA og ea=kh eknUuk dk 
Hkrhtk FkkA mUgksaus gh Hkækpye osQ jke efUnj dh LFkkiuk 
dh FkhA bl tsy esa Åijh I;kyh ij] tgka mudh iwtk 
dh tkrh Fkh] guqeku] uoxzg vkSj jke y{e.k dh jkenkl  
}kjk cukbZ xbZ ewfrZ;ka ns•h tk ldrh gSaA
txnEck egkdkyh efUnj
nqxkZ nsoh ;k txnEck egkdkyh dks lefiZr ;g efUnj] 
jktk vcqy glu rkuk 'kkg] vDdUuk vkSj eknUuk osQ eaf=k;ksa 
'kkludky osQ nkSjku cuk;k x;k Fkk] vkSj gSnjkckn ls gtkjksa 
rhFkZ;k=kh gj vk"kk<+ eghus esa cksukyq R;ksgkj eukus osQ fy, 
ogka tkrs gSaA
ckjknjh ;k vke lHkk (njckj gkWy)
ckgjh bykosQ osQ 'kh"kZ ij fLFkr] bl nks eaftyk bekjr 
esa ,d n'kZd d{k vkSj Åijh Lrjksa ij •qyh Nrsa gSaA n'kZd 
d{k fupyh nks eaftyksa esa fLFkr gSa] ftUgsa nhoku&,&•kl vkSj 
jkenkl tsy
txnack egkdkyh dk efUnj
'kkgh 'koLuku x`g
24 ??? 2024
'kkgh egy (tukuk)
nhoku&,&vke dgk tkrk gSA oqQrqc 'kkgh jktk viuh vke 
lHkk cqykrs gSaA bl bekjr esa ,d Hkwfexr lqjax gS tks xks'kk 
egy rd tkrh gSA yxHkx rhl ehy rd euksje ifjn`'; 
dks ns•us okyh ,d 'kkgh lhV ckjknjh dh lcls Åaph Nr 
ij fLFkr gS] tks leqæ ry ls 2000 iQhV Åij vkSj 400 
iQhV Åaph gSA
egyksa dh vksj tkus okyh lhf<+;ksa ij ikuh dh O;oLFkk 
egyksa dh vksj tkus okyh lhf<+;ksa ij ikuh dh O;oLFkk 
ckyk fglkj osQ vkèkkj ls oqQrqc 'kkgh osQ egyksa rd ,d 
jkLrk iwoZ dh vksj tkrk gS] tgka 300 iQhV ÅapkbZ rd ikuh 
j•us okys ikap oqQaM fLFkr gSaA lHkh egyksa dks lcls Åaps gkSt+ 
ls ikuh dh vkiwfrZ dh tkrh Fkh] ftls ,d ihfyax Oghy dk 
mi;ksx djosQ ikuh ls Hkjk tkrk FkkA nqxZ VSad ls ikuh igys 
njckj&,&•kl gkSt esa Mkyk tkrk Fkk] fiQj mlosQ ifg;s osQ 
ekè;e ls nhoku&,&•kl gkSt] nhoku&,&vke gkSt+] rkjkerh 
osQ egy vkSj çsekorh osQ egy osQ oqQaMksa esa Mkyk tkrk FkkA
'kL=kkxkj ;k vlykg •kuk
vlyk •kuk ,d rhu eaftyk lajpuk gS ftlesa çR;sd 
Lrj ij vyx&vyx vkdkj osQ can vkSj •qys esgjkc gSaA 
lajpuk osQ çR;sd Lrj esa lkr esgjkc gSa] vkSj çR;sd Lrj ij 
nks y?kq can vkdZsM VqdM+s nksuksa rjiQ fn•kbZ nsrs gSaA ;g fo+Qys 
osQ vanj lcls vkd"kZd lajpukvksa esa ls ,d gS vkSj bls 
'kSyhxr :i ls 16oha 'krkCnh osQ mÙkjkèkZ dk ekuk tk ldrk 
gSA ;g bekjr dHkh gfFk;kjksa dk fMiks Fkh] tSlk fd ogka j•s 
'kL=kkxkj ;k vlykg[kkuk
25 ??? 2024
x, çkphu vkXus;kL=kksa osQ cM+s laxzg ls irk pyrk gSA
'kkgh egy
vklikl dh bekjrsa eq[; egyksa dk ,d fgLlk gSa 
ftUgsa oqQrqc 'kkgh jktkvksa us viuh t+:jrksa osQ vuqlkj vyx 
vyx le; esa cuok;k FkkA buesa n'kZd d{k] tukuk efLtnsa] 
'kkgh egy] iQOokjs] VSad vkfn 'kkfey gSaA oqQrqc 'kkgh 
okLrqdyk osQ bu mRÑ‘ mnkgj.kksa esa iwQyksa vkSj 'ka• osQ VqdM+ksa 
ls feyrh&tqyrh IykLVj ltkoVksa  osQ lkFk&lkFk pedhys 
cslkYV iRFkj dh lTtk ijr okys vf}rh; rRo 'kkfey gSaA
rkjkerh efLtn
xksydksaMk fo+Qys dh lcls mRÑ‘ bekjrksa esa ls ,d 
rkjkerh efLtn gS] tks egy ifjlj osQ Hkhrj fLFkr gS vkSj 
blesa rhu esgjkc gSaA blesa Ng iQhV pkSM+k ,d NksVk eap gS] 
ftls ukS lqanj esgjkcksa }kjk lacy fn;k x;k gS vkSj lhf<+;ka 
gSa tks nksuksa rjiQ dh ehukjksa ls gksdj Nr rd tkrh gSaA  ?
rkjkerh efLtn
lanHkZ
1. Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. 
Primus Books. p. 118. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
2. Bradnock, Roma (2007).  Footprint India. Footprint. 
p. 1035. ISBN 978-1-906098-05-6.
3. Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). India through the 
ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and 
Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 178.
4. Sherwani, H.K. (1974).  The History of the Qutb Shahi 
Dynasty. India: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. 
Ltd. ISBN 9788121503396.
5. Sardar, Marika (2007).  Golconda Through Time: A Mirror 
of the Evolving Deccan (PhD thesis). New York University. 
pp. 66–67. ISBN 978-0-549-10119-2.
6. Moreland, W.H (1931).  Relation of Golconda in the Early 
Seventeenth Century. Halyukt Society.
7. Bradnock, Roma (2007).  Footprint India. Footprint. 
p. 1035. ISBN 978-1-906098-05-6.
8. Bilgrami, S.A. Asgar (1927). The Landmarks of the Deccan. 
Hyderabad-Deccan. pp. 108–110. ISBN 9789353245733.
'kkgh egy
ckjknjh njckj gkWy