UGC NET Previous Year Question Paper I (June 2023 Set- I): Solutions | UGC NET Past Year Papers PDF Download

 Page 2


Thus, (b) is the correct answer.
5. (c): Total enrolments for each year:
2017 = 450; 2019 = 624; 2020 = 750; 2021 = 825
The highest enrolment total is 825 in year 2021, and the second highest total in 2020 is 750.
Thus, (c) is the correct answer.
6. (a): Asynchronous interaction refers to communication that does not occur in real time, so that participants,
learners and teachers need not to be engaged at the same moment.
A. Web conferencing: This is typically synchronous, as it involves real-time communication.
B. E-mail: This is asynchronous. Participants can send and receive emails at different times.
C. Wikis and Collaborative Documents: These are asynchronous. Participants can contribute
at different times without needing real-time interaction.
D. Discussion Boards: These are also asynchronous. Users can post messages and respond to
them at their convenience.
E. Live Streaming: This is synchronous, as it involves real-time broadcasting and viewing.
Thus, B, C, and D refer to asynchronous situations, (a) is the correct answer.
7. (c): Under Cognitive Apprenticeship, a learner acquires knowledge and skill under the guidance of an expert.
Thus, the role of an expert is important. The objective is to develop higher-order skills like problem-solving,
critical thinking, and metacognition. Cognitive Apprenticeship prioritizes deep understanding and application of
knowledge. The answer is combination of techniques.
A. Mentoring: Mentoring, though not a central strategy in cognitive apprenticeship, serves as a
crucial support mechanism. It provides learners with guidance, feedback, and motivation. The
learner learns from the real-world experience of mentor. It helps in knowledge transfer and it
demonstrates the desired behaviours, thus it increases the reflective learning.
B. Collaboration and socializing are general practices that can be applied in various learning
contexts.
C. Modelling: The expert demonstrates a task so that the student can observe and learn.
Coaching: The expert provides feedback and support as the student practices.
Scaffolding: The expert provides support structures to aid the student’s learning.
D. Augmentation: This typically focuses on passive exposure or reinforcement, which doesn’t
directly align with the core principles. This is not a core principle.
Retention: This refers to the ability to remember and recall information over time. This is
again a basic general skill, and not a specific skill for cognitive apprenticeship.
Explaining: This term refers to the ability to articulate one’s understanding of a concept or
process.
E. Articulation: This encourages students to ‘verbalize’ their knowledge and reasoning.
Reflection: This helps students to compare their problem-solving skills with those of an
expert, peer, this may be in context of their previous performance.
Exploration: This encourages students to pose and solve problems on their own.
F. Memorization: This is basic to all kinds of learning.
Rehearsal: This refers to repeating information or practising skills to reinforce learning.
Identifying: This refers to recognizing or recognizing patterns that is construction of
knowledge.
Thus, mainly B and D applies, and (c) is the correct answer.
8. (a): Unconditional Stimulus (US or UCS): Always remember that unconditional stimulus is a natural trigger for
a natural response. It is a kind of reflex action like when we touch a hot stove and instantly pull away our hand.
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Thus, (b) is the correct answer.
5. (c): Total enrolments for each year:
2017 = 450; 2019 = 624; 2020 = 750; 2021 = 825
The highest enrolment total is 825 in year 2021, and the second highest total in 2020 is 750.
Thus, (c) is the correct answer.
6. (a): Asynchronous interaction refers to communication that does not occur in real time, so that participants,
learners and teachers need not to be engaged at the same moment.
A. Web conferencing: This is typically synchronous, as it involves real-time communication.
B. E-mail: This is asynchronous. Participants can send and receive emails at different times.
C. Wikis and Collaborative Documents: These are asynchronous. Participants can contribute
at different times without needing real-time interaction.
D. Discussion Boards: These are also asynchronous. Users can post messages and respond to
them at their convenience.
E. Live Streaming: This is synchronous, as it involves real-time broadcasting and viewing.
Thus, B, C, and D refer to asynchronous situations, (a) is the correct answer.
7. (c): Under Cognitive Apprenticeship, a learner acquires knowledge and skill under the guidance of an expert.
Thus, the role of an expert is important. The objective is to develop higher-order skills like problem-solving,
critical thinking, and metacognition. Cognitive Apprenticeship prioritizes deep understanding and application of
knowledge. The answer is combination of techniques.
A. Mentoring: Mentoring, though not a central strategy in cognitive apprenticeship, serves as a
crucial support mechanism. It provides learners with guidance, feedback, and motivation. The
learner learns from the real-world experience of mentor. It helps in knowledge transfer and it
demonstrates the desired behaviours, thus it increases the reflective learning.
B. Collaboration and socializing are general practices that can be applied in various learning
contexts.
C. Modelling: The expert demonstrates a task so that the student can observe and learn.
Coaching: The expert provides feedback and support as the student practices.
Scaffolding: The expert provides support structures to aid the student’s learning.
D. Augmentation: This typically focuses on passive exposure or reinforcement, which doesn’t
directly align with the core principles. This is not a core principle.
Retention: This refers to the ability to remember and recall information over time. This is
again a basic general skill, and not a specific skill for cognitive apprenticeship.
Explaining: This term refers to the ability to articulate one’s understanding of a concept or
process.
E. Articulation: This encourages students to ‘verbalize’ their knowledge and reasoning.
Reflection: This helps students to compare their problem-solving skills with those of an
expert, peer, this may be in context of their previous performance.
Exploration: This encourages students to pose and solve problems on their own.
F. Memorization: This is basic to all kinds of learning.
Rehearsal: This refers to repeating information or practising skills to reinforce learning.
Identifying: This refers to recognizing or recognizing patterns that is construction of
knowledge.
Thus, mainly B and D applies, and (c) is the correct answer.
8. (a): Unconditional Stimulus (US or UCS): Always remember that unconditional stimulus is a natural trigger for
a natural response. It is a kind of reflex action like when we touch a hot stove and instantly pull away our hand.
No prior learning is required for this action, our mind is actually not conditioned for this.
In a similar manner, in Pavlov’s experiment, the food was the unconditional stimulus and a natural response
(salivation) without any prior conditioning (or simply say training). Later, a bell was added before placing the
food, that was the conditioned stimulus. It only started triggering salivation after being repeatedly paired with
the unconditional stimulus (food).
Conditioned Stimulus (CS): This is previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming
associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned
response.
Unconditioned Response (UR or UCR): The unlearned response that occurs naturally in
reaction to the unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Response (CR): The learned response to the previously neutral stimulus.
The stimulus which does not require any conditioning for the desired behaviour is called as the Unconditional
stimulus. So, the answer is (a).
9. (c): Technical-Scientific Models: These focus on systematic planning, logical analysis and rigor. They help in
curriculum development.
A. Taba’s Model: This is a specific technical-scientific model which focus on a systematic
manner to develop curriculum.
B. Open Classroom Model: This is more learner-centred and flexible, thus, not a specific
technical-scientific models.
C. Weinstien and Fantini Model: This is more focused on multicultural education. This is
strictly not a technical-scientific approach.
D. Hunkin’s Development Model: This is a practical, procedural model that fits into the
definition of technical-scientific approach.
E. Goodlad’s Model: This also fits into the technical-scientific concept as it has the systematic
approach.
Thus, A, D and E apply, the correct answer is (c).
10. (c)
A. Channel 01– Vageesh - Language and Literature - IV
B. Channel 02– Sanskriti - History, Culture, and Philosophy - I
C. Channel 03– Prabodh - Social Science-1-II
D. Channel 04 - Saaraswat - Music and Fine Arts-III
Thus, A – IV, B – I, C – II, D – III
The correct answer is (c).
11. (c): When a researcher cannot control variables and can only report what has happened or is happening, this type
of research is known as Ex post facto research.
12. (c): Assume that we check that a new fertilizer (the independent variable) makes plants grow taller (the
dependent variable). We also make an assumption that other factors, like sunlight, water, or soil quality, are not
influencing the plant’s growth. We are focused only on the fertilizer variable. The concept that mainly relates to
the issue of causality in research is internal validity. We try to avoid other confounding variables.
13. (b): The stratified sampling provides a more accurate and comprehensive picture, specifically, if population is
‘diversified’. And also, the researcher is more interested to make inferences about specific subgroups within a
larger population. They may also want to ensure that important subgroups are adequately represented in the
sample. This stratified sampling approach fits better into diversified Indian population than that of Japan.
14. (c): Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
Debriefing is crucial in research for ethical integrity and participant understanding. Debriefing is not an
‘informed consent’ which is taken before the study. Informing the participants earlier may make the
participants unwilling to cooperate in the research due to some reasons or manipulate the research, so
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Thus, (b) is the correct answer.
5. (c): Total enrolments for each year:
2017 = 450; 2019 = 624; 2020 = 750; 2021 = 825
The highest enrolment total is 825 in year 2021, and the second highest total in 2020 is 750.
Thus, (c) is the correct answer.
6. (a): Asynchronous interaction refers to communication that does not occur in real time, so that participants,
learners and teachers need not to be engaged at the same moment.
A. Web conferencing: This is typically synchronous, as it involves real-time communication.
B. E-mail: This is asynchronous. Participants can send and receive emails at different times.
C. Wikis and Collaborative Documents: These are asynchronous. Participants can contribute
at different times without needing real-time interaction.
D. Discussion Boards: These are also asynchronous. Users can post messages and respond to
them at their convenience.
E. Live Streaming: This is synchronous, as it involves real-time broadcasting and viewing.
Thus, B, C, and D refer to asynchronous situations, (a) is the correct answer.
7. (c): Under Cognitive Apprenticeship, a learner acquires knowledge and skill under the guidance of an expert.
Thus, the role of an expert is important. The objective is to develop higher-order skills like problem-solving,
critical thinking, and metacognition. Cognitive Apprenticeship prioritizes deep understanding and application of
knowledge. The answer is combination of techniques.
A. Mentoring: Mentoring, though not a central strategy in cognitive apprenticeship, serves as a
crucial support mechanism. It provides learners with guidance, feedback, and motivation. The
learner learns from the real-world experience of mentor. It helps in knowledge transfer and it
demonstrates the desired behaviours, thus it increases the reflective learning.
B. Collaboration and socializing are general practices that can be applied in various learning
contexts.
C. Modelling: The expert demonstrates a task so that the student can observe and learn.
Coaching: The expert provides feedback and support as the student practices.
Scaffolding: The expert provides support structures to aid the student’s learning.
D. Augmentation: This typically focuses on passive exposure or reinforcement, which doesn’t
directly align with the core principles. This is not a core principle.
Retention: This refers to the ability to remember and recall information over time. This is
again a basic general skill, and not a specific skill for cognitive apprenticeship.
Explaining: This term refers to the ability to articulate one’s understanding of a concept or
process.
E. Articulation: This encourages students to ‘verbalize’ their knowledge and reasoning.
Reflection: This helps students to compare their problem-solving skills with those of an
expert, peer, this may be in context of their previous performance.
Exploration: This encourages students to pose and solve problems on their own.
F. Memorization: This is basic to all kinds of learning.
Rehearsal: This refers to repeating information or practising skills to reinforce learning.
Identifying: This refers to recognizing or recognizing patterns that is construction of
knowledge.
Thus, mainly B and D applies, and (c) is the correct answer.
8. (a): Unconditional Stimulus (US or UCS): Always remember that unconditional stimulus is a natural trigger for
a natural response. It is a kind of reflex action like when we touch a hot stove and instantly pull away our hand.
No prior learning is required for this action, our mind is actually not conditioned for this.
In a similar manner, in Pavlov’s experiment, the food was the unconditional stimulus and a natural response
(salivation) without any prior conditioning (or simply say training). Later, a bell was added before placing the
food, that was the conditioned stimulus. It only started triggering salivation after being repeatedly paired with
the unconditional stimulus (food).
Conditioned Stimulus (CS): This is previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming
associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned
response.
Unconditioned Response (UR or UCR): The unlearned response that occurs naturally in
reaction to the unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Response (CR): The learned response to the previously neutral stimulus.
The stimulus which does not require any conditioning for the desired behaviour is called as the Unconditional
stimulus. So, the answer is (a).
9. (c): Technical-Scientific Models: These focus on systematic planning, logical analysis and rigor. They help in
curriculum development.
A. Taba’s Model: This is a specific technical-scientific model which focus on a systematic
manner to develop curriculum.
B. Open Classroom Model: This is more learner-centred and flexible, thus, not a specific
technical-scientific models.
C. Weinstien and Fantini Model: This is more focused on multicultural education. This is
strictly not a technical-scientific approach.
D. Hunkin’s Development Model: This is a practical, procedural model that fits into the
definition of technical-scientific approach.
E. Goodlad’s Model: This also fits into the technical-scientific concept as it has the systematic
approach.
Thus, A, D and E apply, the correct answer is (c).
10. (c)
A. Channel 01– Vageesh - Language and Literature - IV
B. Channel 02– Sanskriti - History, Culture, and Philosophy - I
C. Channel 03– Prabodh - Social Science-1-II
D. Channel 04 - Saaraswat - Music and Fine Arts-III
Thus, A – IV, B – I, C – II, D – III
The correct answer is (c).
11. (c): When a researcher cannot control variables and can only report what has happened or is happening, this type
of research is known as Ex post facto research.
12. (c): Assume that we check that a new fertilizer (the independent variable) makes plants grow taller (the
dependent variable). We also make an assumption that other factors, like sunlight, water, or soil quality, are not
influencing the plant’s growth. We are focused only on the fertilizer variable. The concept that mainly relates to
the issue of causality in research is internal validity. We try to avoid other confounding variables.
13. (b): The stratified sampling provides a more accurate and comprehensive picture, specifically, if population is
‘diversified’. And also, the researcher is more interested to make inferences about specific subgroups within a
larger population. They may also want to ensure that important subgroups are adequately represented in the
sample. This stratified sampling approach fits better into diversified Indian population than that of Japan.
14. (c): Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
Debriefing is crucial in research for ethical integrity and participant understanding. Debriefing is not an
‘informed consent’ which is taken before the study. Informing the participants earlier may make the
participants unwilling to cooperate in the research due to some reasons or manipulate the research, so
debriefing becomes important. For instance, in a medical study on a new pain medication, participants are
informed post-study about the use of placebos (instead of actual medications). This clarifies the study’s
purpose and methodology. This enhances transparency, trust, and the validity of the research. The participants
may cooperate at a later stage also.
15. (a): Scales of measurement without ranking is not possible in the nominal scale. This is used for categorizing or
labelling variables without any quantitative value. For example, gender (male, female), nationality, or hair colour.
Since it is purely for categorization, there is no inherent order or ranking in the nominal scale.
16. (d): The term ‘critical’ in critical readings implies going beyond surface-level understanding. It involves deep
analysis, problem-solving, and a thorough examination of information. This aligns perfectly with the meaning of
‘cognitive’. Cognitive means ‘thinking’, that is the answer as well.
a. Critical: These readings are objective rather than emotional.
b. Passive: As critical readings need active engagement with the contents in a thoughtful
manner.
c. Ineffectual: Critical readings may raise relevant questions and issues so they are not
ineffective.
17. (c): The symbolic mode of communication is typically socio-cultural. It involves the use of symbols that have
meaning within a particular social and cultural context.
The answer is (c) Socio-cultural.
18. (b): Integrating communication with the educational system means that this should mostly benefit the learners. It
offers us the following benefits:
A. Going abroad is not the sole permanent objective of integrating communication.
B. Increase public awareness of educational rights – So that public engagement is increased in a
transparent manner through communication channels
C. Improve the quality of policy preparation – By taking into account diverse perspectives and
feedback from stakeholders.
D. Improve educational service delivery – The system needs to become more efficient by
information sharing, feedback mechanism. There needs to be collaboration between teachers,
administrators, parents, and students.
E. Better perks for teachers is again not in direct benefits of students.
Thus, (b) is the right answer.
19. (a): Statement I: This statement is generally true as the Internet is a part of the broader concept of cyberspace,
which is the virtual computer world.
Statement II: This statement is also true, as cyberspace encompasses various digital communication
platforms and media.
The correct answer is (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
20. (d): Let’s look at the communication effects:
A. Instrumental effect (A) – (IV): Instrumental is basically linked with achievement of goals.
B. Prestige effect – (I): Self-approval is linked with prestige effect.
C. Aesthetic effect (II): Aesthetic is linked with specimens of art and literature.
D. Respite effect (III): That means showing a sense of humour. It reflects a break or relief that
is ‘a pleasant distraction’.
With this A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III, the correct answer is (d)
21. (d): Let’s assume that total number of fruits = 100
On 1
st
 day and night
Number of fruits sold during 1
st
 day = 50%
Fruits left in the evening = 100 – 50 = 50
Fruits destroyed during first night = 10% of 50 = 5
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Thus, (b) is the correct answer.
5. (c): Total enrolments for each year:
2017 = 450; 2019 = 624; 2020 = 750; 2021 = 825
The highest enrolment total is 825 in year 2021, and the second highest total in 2020 is 750.
Thus, (c) is the correct answer.
6. (a): Asynchronous interaction refers to communication that does not occur in real time, so that participants,
learners and teachers need not to be engaged at the same moment.
A. Web conferencing: This is typically synchronous, as it involves real-time communication.
B. E-mail: This is asynchronous. Participants can send and receive emails at different times.
C. Wikis and Collaborative Documents: These are asynchronous. Participants can contribute
at different times without needing real-time interaction.
D. Discussion Boards: These are also asynchronous. Users can post messages and respond to
them at their convenience.
E. Live Streaming: This is synchronous, as it involves real-time broadcasting and viewing.
Thus, B, C, and D refer to asynchronous situations, (a) is the correct answer.
7. (c): Under Cognitive Apprenticeship, a learner acquires knowledge and skill under the guidance of an expert.
Thus, the role of an expert is important. The objective is to develop higher-order skills like problem-solving,
critical thinking, and metacognition. Cognitive Apprenticeship prioritizes deep understanding and application of
knowledge. The answer is combination of techniques.
A. Mentoring: Mentoring, though not a central strategy in cognitive apprenticeship, serves as a
crucial support mechanism. It provides learners with guidance, feedback, and motivation. The
learner learns from the real-world experience of mentor. It helps in knowledge transfer and it
demonstrates the desired behaviours, thus it increases the reflective learning.
B. Collaboration and socializing are general practices that can be applied in various learning
contexts.
C. Modelling: The expert demonstrates a task so that the student can observe and learn.
Coaching: The expert provides feedback and support as the student practices.
Scaffolding: The expert provides support structures to aid the student’s learning.
D. Augmentation: This typically focuses on passive exposure or reinforcement, which doesn’t
directly align with the core principles. This is not a core principle.
Retention: This refers to the ability to remember and recall information over time. This is
again a basic general skill, and not a specific skill for cognitive apprenticeship.
Explaining: This term refers to the ability to articulate one’s understanding of a concept or
process.
E. Articulation: This encourages students to ‘verbalize’ their knowledge and reasoning.
Reflection: This helps students to compare their problem-solving skills with those of an
expert, peer, this may be in context of their previous performance.
Exploration: This encourages students to pose and solve problems on their own.
F. Memorization: This is basic to all kinds of learning.
Rehearsal: This refers to repeating information or practising skills to reinforce learning.
Identifying: This refers to recognizing or recognizing patterns that is construction of
knowledge.
Thus, mainly B and D applies, and (c) is the correct answer.
8. (a): Unconditional Stimulus (US or UCS): Always remember that unconditional stimulus is a natural trigger for
a natural response. It is a kind of reflex action like when we touch a hot stove and instantly pull away our hand.
No prior learning is required for this action, our mind is actually not conditioned for this.
In a similar manner, in Pavlov’s experiment, the food was the unconditional stimulus and a natural response
(salivation) without any prior conditioning (or simply say training). Later, a bell was added before placing the
food, that was the conditioned stimulus. It only started triggering salivation after being repeatedly paired with
the unconditional stimulus (food).
Conditioned Stimulus (CS): This is previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming
associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned
response.
Unconditioned Response (UR or UCR): The unlearned response that occurs naturally in
reaction to the unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Response (CR): The learned response to the previously neutral stimulus.
The stimulus which does not require any conditioning for the desired behaviour is called as the Unconditional
stimulus. So, the answer is (a).
9. (c): Technical-Scientific Models: These focus on systematic planning, logical analysis and rigor. They help in
curriculum development.
A. Taba’s Model: This is a specific technical-scientific model which focus on a systematic
manner to develop curriculum.
B. Open Classroom Model: This is more learner-centred and flexible, thus, not a specific
technical-scientific models.
C. Weinstien and Fantini Model: This is more focused on multicultural education. This is
strictly not a technical-scientific approach.
D. Hunkin’s Development Model: This is a practical, procedural model that fits into the
definition of technical-scientific approach.
E. Goodlad’s Model: This also fits into the technical-scientific concept as it has the systematic
approach.
Thus, A, D and E apply, the correct answer is (c).
10. (c)
A. Channel 01– Vageesh - Language and Literature - IV
B. Channel 02– Sanskriti - History, Culture, and Philosophy - I
C. Channel 03– Prabodh - Social Science-1-II
D. Channel 04 - Saaraswat - Music and Fine Arts-III
Thus, A – IV, B – I, C – II, D – III
The correct answer is (c).
11. (c): When a researcher cannot control variables and can only report what has happened or is happening, this type
of research is known as Ex post facto research.
12. (c): Assume that we check that a new fertilizer (the independent variable) makes plants grow taller (the
dependent variable). We also make an assumption that other factors, like sunlight, water, or soil quality, are not
influencing the plant’s growth. We are focused only on the fertilizer variable. The concept that mainly relates to
the issue of causality in research is internal validity. We try to avoid other confounding variables.
13. (b): The stratified sampling provides a more accurate and comprehensive picture, specifically, if population is
‘diversified’. And also, the researcher is more interested to make inferences about specific subgroups within a
larger population. They may also want to ensure that important subgroups are adequately represented in the
sample. This stratified sampling approach fits better into diversified Indian population than that of Japan.
14. (c): Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
Debriefing is crucial in research for ethical integrity and participant understanding. Debriefing is not an
‘informed consent’ which is taken before the study. Informing the participants earlier may make the
participants unwilling to cooperate in the research due to some reasons or manipulate the research, so
debriefing becomes important. For instance, in a medical study on a new pain medication, participants are
informed post-study about the use of placebos (instead of actual medications). This clarifies the study’s
purpose and methodology. This enhances transparency, trust, and the validity of the research. The participants
may cooperate at a later stage also.
15. (a): Scales of measurement without ranking is not possible in the nominal scale. This is used for categorizing or
labelling variables without any quantitative value. For example, gender (male, female), nationality, or hair colour.
Since it is purely for categorization, there is no inherent order or ranking in the nominal scale.
16. (d): The term ‘critical’ in critical readings implies going beyond surface-level understanding. It involves deep
analysis, problem-solving, and a thorough examination of information. This aligns perfectly with the meaning of
‘cognitive’. Cognitive means ‘thinking’, that is the answer as well.
a. Critical: These readings are objective rather than emotional.
b. Passive: As critical readings need active engagement with the contents in a thoughtful
manner.
c. Ineffectual: Critical readings may raise relevant questions and issues so they are not
ineffective.
17. (c): The symbolic mode of communication is typically socio-cultural. It involves the use of symbols that have
meaning within a particular social and cultural context.
The answer is (c) Socio-cultural.
18. (b): Integrating communication with the educational system means that this should mostly benefit the learners. It
offers us the following benefits:
A. Going abroad is not the sole permanent objective of integrating communication.
B. Increase public awareness of educational rights – So that public engagement is increased in a
transparent manner through communication channels
C. Improve the quality of policy preparation – By taking into account diverse perspectives and
feedback from stakeholders.
D. Improve educational service delivery – The system needs to become more efficient by
information sharing, feedback mechanism. There needs to be collaboration between teachers,
administrators, parents, and students.
E. Better perks for teachers is again not in direct benefits of students.
Thus, (b) is the right answer.
19. (a): Statement I: This statement is generally true as the Internet is a part of the broader concept of cyberspace,
which is the virtual computer world.
Statement II: This statement is also true, as cyberspace encompasses various digital communication
platforms and media.
The correct answer is (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
20. (d): Let’s look at the communication effects:
A. Instrumental effect (A) – (IV): Instrumental is basically linked with achievement of goals.
B. Prestige effect – (I): Self-approval is linked with prestige effect.
C. Aesthetic effect (II): Aesthetic is linked with specimens of art and literature.
D. Respite effect (III): That means showing a sense of humour. It reflects a break or relief that
is ‘a pleasant distraction’.
With this A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III, the correct answer is (d)
21. (d): Let’s assume that total number of fruits = 100
On 1
st
 day and night
Number of fruits sold during 1
st
 day = 50%
Fruits left in the evening = 100 – 50 = 50
Fruits destroyed during first night = 10% of 50 = 5
Thus, the story ends with 50 + 5 = 55 fruits.
On 2
nd
 day and night
The number of fruits in the morning = 100 – 55 = 45
The number of fruits sold during 2
nd
 day = 50% of 45 = 22.5
Number of fruits left in the evening = 45 – 22.5 = 22.5
The fruits destroyed during 2nd night = 10% of 22.5 = 2.25
The number of fruits to sold and destroyed during the second day
= 22.5 + 2.25 = 24.75
On third day and night
Number of fruits to be sold in the morning
= 100 – (55 + 24.75) = 20.25
Fruits sold = 50% of 20.25 = 10.125
Fruits destroyed = 10% of 10.125 = 1.0125
After 3 days
Total fruits destroyed = 5 + 2.25 + 1.0125 = 7.26
8.2625% of total fruits = 1983
Thus, (d) is the correct answer.
22. (a)
Let’s assume the principal (for both SI and CI = ?100, Rate of Interest = 5%, Time Period = 2 years
The absolute interest amount is ?5 in first year for SI and CI, both are same for the 1st year.
The difference is due to interest during the 2nd year.
Principal amount for CI calculation will be 100 + 5 = ?105.
For second year, the difference between CI and SI is
SI for 2
nd
 Year = ?5
Thus, the difference = 5.25 – 5 = 0.25
If difference is ?.25, then principal amount = ?100
If difference is ?11.25, then principal amount 
23. (d): We need to calculate the highest value:
Now fitting them into options
a. 
b. 100 – .01= 99.99
c. 100 + .01 = 100.01
d.