Tribes and Tribal Population of Jammu and Kashmir | JKPSC KAS (Jammu and Kashmir): Preparation Course PDF Download

 Page 1


TRIBES AND TRIBAL
POPULATION OF
JAMMU AND KASHMIR
CHAPTER 27
Jammu and Kashmir is the Northernmost state of India which has
various tribal groups in the state. All the three regions i.e. Jammu,
Kashmir and Ladakh has considerable tribal population. Article
366(25) of the Constitution of India refers to Scheduled Tribes as
those communities who are scheduled in accordance with Article
342 of the Constitution.
As per Lokur Committee and Census 1931, a community can be identified as
Scheduled Tribes by the characteristics such as, indications of primitive traits,
geographical isolation, shyness of contact with the community at large, backwardness
and distinctive culture.
Scheduled Tribes in Jammu and Kashmir
According to Census 2011, Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in the state is
14,93,299, which constitutes 11.91% of the total population of the state. Scheduled
Tribe population of Jammu and Kashmir is 1.43% of India’s ST population. The
male ST population is about 51.98% and the female ST population is about 48.01%
in the state out of its total ST population. `
Highest and Lowest ST Population in the State
The highestScheduledTribe(ST)populationisfoundinKargildistrict (86.89%),
followed by Leh (71.81%), Poonch (36.93%), Rajouri (36.24%) and Reasi (28.08%)
as per Census 2011. The leastSTpopulationisfoundinSrinagardistrict (0.72%).
Out of the total ST population about 88.4% ST population is from Muslim,
community, 6.8% ST population is from Buddhist community and about 4.5% ST
population is from Hindu community.
Page 2


TRIBES AND TRIBAL
POPULATION OF
JAMMU AND KASHMIR
CHAPTER 27
Jammu and Kashmir is the Northernmost state of India which has
various tribal groups in the state. All the three regions i.e. Jammu,
Kashmir and Ladakh has considerable tribal population. Article
366(25) of the Constitution of India refers to Scheduled Tribes as
those communities who are scheduled in accordance with Article
342 of the Constitution.
As per Lokur Committee and Census 1931, a community can be identified as
Scheduled Tribes by the characteristics such as, indications of primitive traits,
geographical isolation, shyness of contact with the community at large, backwardness
and distinctive culture.
Scheduled Tribes in Jammu and Kashmir
According to Census 2011, Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in the state is
14,93,299, which constitutes 11.91% of the total population of the state. Scheduled
Tribe population of Jammu and Kashmir is 1.43% of India’s ST population. The
male ST population is about 51.98% and the female ST population is about 48.01%
in the state out of its total ST population. `
Highest and Lowest ST Population in the State
The highestScheduledTribe(ST)populationisfoundinKargildistrict (86.89%),
followed by Leh (71.81%), Poonch (36.93%), Rajouri (36.24%) and Reasi (28.08%)
as per Census 2011. The leastSTpopulationisfoundinSrinagardistrict (0.72%).
Out of the total ST population about 88.4% ST population is from Muslim,
community, 6.8% ST population is from Buddhist community and about 4.5% ST
population is from Hindu community.
Major Scheduled Tribes of Jammu and Kashmir
The Constitution ( Jammu and Kashmir) Scheduled Tribes Order, 1989 was notified
on 7th October, 1989. In accordance with the Constitution ( Jammu and Kashmir)
Scheduled Tribes Order, 1989 and the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order
(Amendment) Act, 1991,the major tribes of Jammu and Kashmir are:
Gujjar
It is the largesttribeinJammuandKashmir. The tribe is found in almost all the
districts of Jammu and Kashmir except Kargil and Leh districts of Ladakh region.
The people of the tribe reside in Rajouri, Reasi, Jammu, Poonch, Kathua, Udhampur
and Doda districts. They mainly reside on the slopes and mountains of Kashmir
valley like Uri, Anantnag, Budgam, Pulwama, Kupwara, Baramulla, Ganderbal,
Kangan, Daksum, Kulgam and Pahalgam. They speak Gojri language. It is believed
that this tribe migrated to the state from Gujarat. These tribal people are divided
into classes like cultivators, the Dodhi Gujjars (milkman) and Bakarwal Gujjars
(rearing of sheep and goats).
Bakarwal
It is the secondlargesttribeinJammuandKashmir. Bakarwal or Bakharwal is a
nomadic tribe which reside in the Pir Panjal range of Himalayan mountains. The
word Bakarwal is derived from the Indo-Aryan languages, where ‘Bakri/Bakar’
meaning ‘Goat/Sheep’ and ‘Wal’ meaning ‘One who takes care of ’. Thus the name
‘Bakarwal’ is used for high altitude Goatherds/Shepherds. Bakarwal tribe is found in
all the three regions of the state. In Jammu region, it is found in district of Jammu,
Kathua, Udhampur, Poonch, Rajouri. In Kashmir Valley, it is found in districts of
Srinagar, Baramulla, Kupwara, Pulwama, Budgam and Anantnag. In Ladakh region,
it is also found in Leh and Kargil.
? AWOMANOFGUJJARTRIBEOFJAMMUANDKASHMIR
Page 3


TRIBES AND TRIBAL
POPULATION OF
JAMMU AND KASHMIR
CHAPTER 27
Jammu and Kashmir is the Northernmost state of India which has
various tribal groups in the state. All the three regions i.e. Jammu,
Kashmir and Ladakh has considerable tribal population. Article
366(25) of the Constitution of India refers to Scheduled Tribes as
those communities who are scheduled in accordance with Article
342 of the Constitution.
As per Lokur Committee and Census 1931, a community can be identified as
Scheduled Tribes by the characteristics such as, indications of primitive traits,
geographical isolation, shyness of contact with the community at large, backwardness
and distinctive culture.
Scheduled Tribes in Jammu and Kashmir
According to Census 2011, Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in the state is
14,93,299, which constitutes 11.91% of the total population of the state. Scheduled
Tribe population of Jammu and Kashmir is 1.43% of India’s ST population. The
male ST population is about 51.98% and the female ST population is about 48.01%
in the state out of its total ST population. `
Highest and Lowest ST Population in the State
The highestScheduledTribe(ST)populationisfoundinKargildistrict (86.89%),
followed by Leh (71.81%), Poonch (36.93%), Rajouri (36.24%) and Reasi (28.08%)
as per Census 2011. The leastSTpopulationisfoundinSrinagardistrict (0.72%).
Out of the total ST population about 88.4% ST population is from Muslim,
community, 6.8% ST population is from Buddhist community and about 4.5% ST
population is from Hindu community.
Major Scheduled Tribes of Jammu and Kashmir
The Constitution ( Jammu and Kashmir) Scheduled Tribes Order, 1989 was notified
on 7th October, 1989. In accordance with the Constitution ( Jammu and Kashmir)
Scheduled Tribes Order, 1989 and the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order
(Amendment) Act, 1991,the major tribes of Jammu and Kashmir are:
Gujjar
It is the largesttribeinJammuandKashmir. The tribe is found in almost all the
districts of Jammu and Kashmir except Kargil and Leh districts of Ladakh region.
The people of the tribe reside in Rajouri, Reasi, Jammu, Poonch, Kathua, Udhampur
and Doda districts. They mainly reside on the slopes and mountains of Kashmir
valley like Uri, Anantnag, Budgam, Pulwama, Kupwara, Baramulla, Ganderbal,
Kangan, Daksum, Kulgam and Pahalgam. They speak Gojri language. It is believed
that this tribe migrated to the state from Gujarat. These tribal people are divided
into classes like cultivators, the Dodhi Gujjars (milkman) and Bakarwal Gujjars
(rearing of sheep and goats).
Bakarwal
It is the secondlargesttribeinJammuandKashmir. Bakarwal or Bakharwal is a
nomadic tribe which reside in the Pir Panjal range of Himalayan mountains. The
word Bakarwal is derived from the Indo-Aryan languages, where ‘Bakri/Bakar’
meaning ‘Goat/Sheep’ and ‘Wal’ meaning ‘One who takes care of ’. Thus the name
‘Bakarwal’ is used for high altitude Goatherds/Shepherds. Bakarwal tribe is found in
all the three regions of the state. In Jammu region, it is found in district of Jammu,
Kathua, Udhampur, Poonch, Rajouri. In Kashmir Valley, it is found in districts of
Srinagar, Baramulla, Kupwara, Pulwama, Budgam and Anantnag. In Ladakh region,
it is also found in Leh and Kargil.
? AWOMANOFGUJJARTRIBEOFJAMMUANDKASHMIR
Bakarwal are mainly goatherds and shepherds by profession. They mostly speak
Gojrilanguage. Bakarwals belong to the same ethnicity and clan or gotra as the
Gujjars and inter-marriages freely takes place among them. As the people of this
tribe is mainly nomadic, they travel from place to place for work and for pastoral
land for their livestock and thus, mostly live in temporary settlements. This tribe is
mainly dependent on the rearing of cattle and their products.
Bot/Boto
It is thethirdlargesttribeofJammuandKashmir. The people of this tribe are ethnically
and linguistically related to the Tibetan people. This tribe is mainly found inLadakh
region. This is mostly found inLeh andKargil of Ladakh region. Other important
places areDoda district (Jammu region) andBaramulla district (Kashmir region). They
speak Ladakhi language. The main occupation of this tribe is agriculture. They mainly
grow barley, wheat, fruits and vegetables for their living.
Balti
It is the fourth largest tribal group of Jammu and Kashmir. The people of this tribe
are ethnically, and linguistically related to the Tibetan people and Dardic people.
This tribe is mainly found in Leh and Kargil districts of Ladakh region. They speak
Balti language. It is believed that this tribe migrated to the state from Baltistan
during the reign of Jamyang Namgyal (17th century). Their culture is influenced by
Ladakhi and Islamic rituals. It is believed that the wife of Jamyang Namgyal was
also a Balti Princess. People of Balti tribe which reside in Chushot village of Leh
district are considered the champions of polo game. The main occupation of this
tribe are agriculture and animal husbandry.
? ASHEPHERDOFBAKARWALTRIBEOFJAMMUANDKASHMIR
Page 4


TRIBES AND TRIBAL
POPULATION OF
JAMMU AND KASHMIR
CHAPTER 27
Jammu and Kashmir is the Northernmost state of India which has
various tribal groups in the state. All the three regions i.e. Jammu,
Kashmir and Ladakh has considerable tribal population. Article
366(25) of the Constitution of India refers to Scheduled Tribes as
those communities who are scheduled in accordance with Article
342 of the Constitution.
As per Lokur Committee and Census 1931, a community can be identified as
Scheduled Tribes by the characteristics such as, indications of primitive traits,
geographical isolation, shyness of contact with the community at large, backwardness
and distinctive culture.
Scheduled Tribes in Jammu and Kashmir
According to Census 2011, Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in the state is
14,93,299, which constitutes 11.91% of the total population of the state. Scheduled
Tribe population of Jammu and Kashmir is 1.43% of India’s ST population. The
male ST population is about 51.98% and the female ST population is about 48.01%
in the state out of its total ST population. `
Highest and Lowest ST Population in the State
The highestScheduledTribe(ST)populationisfoundinKargildistrict (86.89%),
followed by Leh (71.81%), Poonch (36.93%), Rajouri (36.24%) and Reasi (28.08%)
as per Census 2011. The leastSTpopulationisfoundinSrinagardistrict (0.72%).
Out of the total ST population about 88.4% ST population is from Muslim,
community, 6.8% ST population is from Buddhist community and about 4.5% ST
population is from Hindu community.
Major Scheduled Tribes of Jammu and Kashmir
The Constitution ( Jammu and Kashmir) Scheduled Tribes Order, 1989 was notified
on 7th October, 1989. In accordance with the Constitution ( Jammu and Kashmir)
Scheduled Tribes Order, 1989 and the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order
(Amendment) Act, 1991,the major tribes of Jammu and Kashmir are:
Gujjar
It is the largesttribeinJammuandKashmir. The tribe is found in almost all the
districts of Jammu and Kashmir except Kargil and Leh districts of Ladakh region.
The people of the tribe reside in Rajouri, Reasi, Jammu, Poonch, Kathua, Udhampur
and Doda districts. They mainly reside on the slopes and mountains of Kashmir
valley like Uri, Anantnag, Budgam, Pulwama, Kupwara, Baramulla, Ganderbal,
Kangan, Daksum, Kulgam and Pahalgam. They speak Gojri language. It is believed
that this tribe migrated to the state from Gujarat. These tribal people are divided
into classes like cultivators, the Dodhi Gujjars (milkman) and Bakarwal Gujjars
(rearing of sheep and goats).
Bakarwal
It is the secondlargesttribeinJammuandKashmir. Bakarwal or Bakharwal is a
nomadic tribe which reside in the Pir Panjal range of Himalayan mountains. The
word Bakarwal is derived from the Indo-Aryan languages, where ‘Bakri/Bakar’
meaning ‘Goat/Sheep’ and ‘Wal’ meaning ‘One who takes care of ’. Thus the name
‘Bakarwal’ is used for high altitude Goatherds/Shepherds. Bakarwal tribe is found in
all the three regions of the state. In Jammu region, it is found in district of Jammu,
Kathua, Udhampur, Poonch, Rajouri. In Kashmir Valley, it is found in districts of
Srinagar, Baramulla, Kupwara, Pulwama, Budgam and Anantnag. In Ladakh region,
it is also found in Leh and Kargil.
? AWOMANOFGUJJARTRIBEOFJAMMUANDKASHMIR
Bakarwal are mainly goatherds and shepherds by profession. They mostly speak
Gojrilanguage. Bakarwals belong to the same ethnicity and clan or gotra as the
Gujjars and inter-marriages freely takes place among them. As the people of this
tribe is mainly nomadic, they travel from place to place for work and for pastoral
land for their livestock and thus, mostly live in temporary settlements. This tribe is
mainly dependent on the rearing of cattle and their products.
Bot/Boto
It is thethirdlargesttribeofJammuandKashmir. The people of this tribe are ethnically
and linguistically related to the Tibetan people. This tribe is mainly found inLadakh
region. This is mostly found inLeh andKargil of Ladakh region. Other important
places areDoda district (Jammu region) andBaramulla district (Kashmir region). They
speak Ladakhi language. The main occupation of this tribe is agriculture. They mainly
grow barley, wheat, fruits and vegetables for their living.
Balti
It is the fourth largest tribal group of Jammu and Kashmir. The people of this tribe
are ethnically, and linguistically related to the Tibetan people and Dardic people.
This tribe is mainly found in Leh and Kargil districts of Ladakh region. They speak
Balti language. It is believed that this tribe migrated to the state from Baltistan
during the reign of Jamyang Namgyal (17th century). Their culture is influenced by
Ladakhi and Islamic rituals. It is believed that the wife of Jamyang Namgyal was
also a Balti Princess. People of Balti tribe which reside in Chushot village of Leh
district are considered the champions of polo game. The main occupation of this
tribe are agriculture and animal husbandry.
? ASHEPHERDOFBAKARWALTRIBEOFJAMMUANDKASHMIR
Brokpa
Brokpa, Drokpa, Dard and Shin form a group of tribe in Jammu and Kashmir which
are considered as the pure Aryanrace. This tribe is mainly found in Kargil and
Baramulla districts.
Other important regions are Leh and Srinagar districts. It is also beleived that this
Dardic tribe is the bearers of the proto-Rigvedic language and culture and offspring
of the Dards of Chilas town in the Gilgit region. Their main occupation are animal
husbandry, agriculture, and allied occupations. They speak Shina and Balti languages
and Dardic Languages.
Gaddi
This tribe lives mainly in the states of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.
In Jammu and Kashmir, the Gaddis mainly reside in Udhampur, Kathua and Doda
districts. They speak Gaddi language. Old people used the Tankri script.
The majority of the Gaddi are landowners and practice agriculture as their primary
means of livelihood. The main occupation of Gaddi tribe is shepherding i.e. rearing
and selling sheep, goats, mules, horses. They also practice farming, weaving, etc.
They go uphill during summer and come down during winter season.
? ANOLDWOMANOFBROKPATRIBEOFJAMMUANDKASHMIR
Page 5


TRIBES AND TRIBAL
POPULATION OF
JAMMU AND KASHMIR
CHAPTER 27
Jammu and Kashmir is the Northernmost state of India which has
various tribal groups in the state. All the three regions i.e. Jammu,
Kashmir and Ladakh has considerable tribal population. Article
366(25) of the Constitution of India refers to Scheduled Tribes as
those communities who are scheduled in accordance with Article
342 of the Constitution.
As per Lokur Committee and Census 1931, a community can be identified as
Scheduled Tribes by the characteristics such as, indications of primitive traits,
geographical isolation, shyness of contact with the community at large, backwardness
and distinctive culture.
Scheduled Tribes in Jammu and Kashmir
According to Census 2011, Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in the state is
14,93,299, which constitutes 11.91% of the total population of the state. Scheduled
Tribe population of Jammu and Kashmir is 1.43% of India’s ST population. The
male ST population is about 51.98% and the female ST population is about 48.01%
in the state out of its total ST population. `
Highest and Lowest ST Population in the State
The highestScheduledTribe(ST)populationisfoundinKargildistrict (86.89%),
followed by Leh (71.81%), Poonch (36.93%), Rajouri (36.24%) and Reasi (28.08%)
as per Census 2011. The leastSTpopulationisfoundinSrinagardistrict (0.72%).
Out of the total ST population about 88.4% ST population is from Muslim,
community, 6.8% ST population is from Buddhist community and about 4.5% ST
population is from Hindu community.
Major Scheduled Tribes of Jammu and Kashmir
The Constitution ( Jammu and Kashmir) Scheduled Tribes Order, 1989 was notified
on 7th October, 1989. In accordance with the Constitution ( Jammu and Kashmir)
Scheduled Tribes Order, 1989 and the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order
(Amendment) Act, 1991,the major tribes of Jammu and Kashmir are:
Gujjar
It is the largesttribeinJammuandKashmir. The tribe is found in almost all the
districts of Jammu and Kashmir except Kargil and Leh districts of Ladakh region.
The people of the tribe reside in Rajouri, Reasi, Jammu, Poonch, Kathua, Udhampur
and Doda districts. They mainly reside on the slopes and mountains of Kashmir
valley like Uri, Anantnag, Budgam, Pulwama, Kupwara, Baramulla, Ganderbal,
Kangan, Daksum, Kulgam and Pahalgam. They speak Gojri language. It is believed
that this tribe migrated to the state from Gujarat. These tribal people are divided
into classes like cultivators, the Dodhi Gujjars (milkman) and Bakarwal Gujjars
(rearing of sheep and goats).
Bakarwal
It is the secondlargesttribeinJammuandKashmir. Bakarwal or Bakharwal is a
nomadic tribe which reside in the Pir Panjal range of Himalayan mountains. The
word Bakarwal is derived from the Indo-Aryan languages, where ‘Bakri/Bakar’
meaning ‘Goat/Sheep’ and ‘Wal’ meaning ‘One who takes care of ’. Thus the name
‘Bakarwal’ is used for high altitude Goatherds/Shepherds. Bakarwal tribe is found in
all the three regions of the state. In Jammu region, it is found in district of Jammu,
Kathua, Udhampur, Poonch, Rajouri. In Kashmir Valley, it is found in districts of
Srinagar, Baramulla, Kupwara, Pulwama, Budgam and Anantnag. In Ladakh region,
it is also found in Leh and Kargil.
? AWOMANOFGUJJARTRIBEOFJAMMUANDKASHMIR
Bakarwal are mainly goatherds and shepherds by profession. They mostly speak
Gojrilanguage. Bakarwals belong to the same ethnicity and clan or gotra as the
Gujjars and inter-marriages freely takes place among them. As the people of this
tribe is mainly nomadic, they travel from place to place for work and for pastoral
land for their livestock and thus, mostly live in temporary settlements. This tribe is
mainly dependent on the rearing of cattle and their products.
Bot/Boto
It is thethirdlargesttribeofJammuandKashmir. The people of this tribe are ethnically
and linguistically related to the Tibetan people. This tribe is mainly found inLadakh
region. This is mostly found inLeh andKargil of Ladakh region. Other important
places areDoda district (Jammu region) andBaramulla district (Kashmir region). They
speak Ladakhi language. The main occupation of this tribe is agriculture. They mainly
grow barley, wheat, fruits and vegetables for their living.
Balti
It is the fourth largest tribal group of Jammu and Kashmir. The people of this tribe
are ethnically, and linguistically related to the Tibetan people and Dardic people.
This tribe is mainly found in Leh and Kargil districts of Ladakh region. They speak
Balti language. It is believed that this tribe migrated to the state from Baltistan
during the reign of Jamyang Namgyal (17th century). Their culture is influenced by
Ladakhi and Islamic rituals. It is believed that the wife of Jamyang Namgyal was
also a Balti Princess. People of Balti tribe which reside in Chushot village of Leh
district are considered the champions of polo game. The main occupation of this
tribe are agriculture and animal husbandry.
? ASHEPHERDOFBAKARWALTRIBEOFJAMMUANDKASHMIR
Brokpa
Brokpa, Drokpa, Dard and Shin form a group of tribe in Jammu and Kashmir which
are considered as the pure Aryanrace. This tribe is mainly found in Kargil and
Baramulla districts.
Other important regions are Leh and Srinagar districts. It is also beleived that this
Dardic tribe is the bearers of the proto-Rigvedic language and culture and offspring
of the Dards of Chilas town in the Gilgit region. Their main occupation are animal
husbandry, agriculture, and allied occupations. They speak Shina and Balti languages
and Dardic Languages.
Gaddi
This tribe lives mainly in the states of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.
In Jammu and Kashmir, the Gaddis mainly reside in Udhampur, Kathua and Doda
districts. They speak Gaddi language. Old people used the Tankri script.
The majority of the Gaddi are landowners and practice agriculture as their primary
means of livelihood. The main occupation of Gaddi tribe is shepherding i.e. rearing
and selling sheep, goats, mules, horses. They also practice farming, weaving, etc.
They go uphill during summer and come down during winter season.
? ANOLDWOMANOFBROKPATRIBEOFJAMMUANDKASHMIR
Purigpa
It is a tribal group of Jammu and Kashmir. It is mainly found in Kargil district of
Ladakh region. The Suru river valley of Kargil district was earlier known as ‘Purig’,
and the people of Balti tribe of Kargil have taken the name ‘Purigpa’. They speak a
dialect which is a combination of Ladakhi and Balti languages. Important
occupation of the tribe is agriculture where these people grow barley, peas and
wheat.
Changpa
It is a tribal group of Jammu and Kashmir which belongs to Mongoloid ethnic
group. This tribe is mainly found in the Changthang plateau of Ladakh region. Leh
and Kargil districts are the important places where these people are mostly found.
They speak Chagskhat, a dialect of Tibet. These people are high altitude pastoralists
who raise yaks and goats. They also produce Pashmina wool which is famous for
‘Pashmina shawls’. Nomadic tribe of Changpa is known as Phalpa. People living in
Hanle valley are known as Fangpa.
Mon
The people of this tribe are found in small numbers in Leh district of Ladakh
region. They speak Mon language. These occupy a lower status in the social
hierarchy of the Ladakhi society. They are professional drummers and musicians.
They are also engaged in agricultural activities and grow wheat and barley. The word
‘Mon’ has been used for water dwellers by Tibetans. It is believed that these people
have largely contributed to the development of Ladakhi irrigation system.
? AWOMANOFCHANGPATRIBEOFJAMMUANDKASHMIR