Climate and Soils of Odisha | Odisha State PSC (OPSC): Preparation - OPSC OCS (Odisha) PDF Download

 Page 1


CHAPTER 6
Both climate and soils affect the economy and life of the state. Soil is
the top layer of the Earth’s surface which decides the agricultural
productivity of any place. Odisha has different types of soils and
tropical monsoon type of climate.
Climate of Odisha
Odisha has a tropical monsoon type of climate. The weather in Odisha is greatly
influenced by the sea, because of its proximity to the sea. Due to its tropical
monsoon type of climate, summers are very hot, monsoons are hot and wet while
winters are pleasant. However, the weather in the state remains equable throughout
the year.Odisha experiences three main seasons which are discussed below:
Summer Season
l
The summer season in Odisha starts in March and ends in June. The temperature
is quite high during this season. The maximum temperature of Odisha during
summer season  remains above 40°C.
l
The Western districts of Odisha i.e. Sundargarh, Sambalpur, Baragarh, Balangir,
Kalahandi and Mayurbhanj experiences maximum temperature between 40-46°C
almost throughout the year.
Rainy Season
l
The rainy/monsoon season of Odisha starts in July and lasts till mid-October. In
North and North-Eastern parts of the state, the variability of rainfall is below 15%.
In South and South-Western parts of the state, the variability of rainfall increases
to 15-20%.
l
Odisha receives rainfall due to South-West Monsoon during summer. The
South-West monsoon commences in the coastal plain of the state between 5th
June to 10th June and by July, the whole of the state comes under its influence. By
the mid-October, South-West monsoon withdraws from this region completely.
Page 2


CHAPTER 6
Both climate and soils affect the economy and life of the state. Soil is
the top layer of the Earth’s surface which decides the agricultural
productivity of any place. Odisha has different types of soils and
tropical monsoon type of climate.
Climate of Odisha
Odisha has a tropical monsoon type of climate. The weather in Odisha is greatly
influenced by the sea, because of its proximity to the sea. Due to its tropical
monsoon type of climate, summers are very hot, monsoons are hot and wet while
winters are pleasant. However, the weather in the state remains equable throughout
the year.Odisha experiences three main seasons which are discussed below:
Summer Season
l
The summer season in Odisha starts in March and ends in June. The temperature
is quite high during this season. The maximum temperature of Odisha during
summer season  remains above 40°C.
l
The Western districts of Odisha i.e. Sundargarh, Sambalpur, Baragarh, Balangir,
Kalahandi and Mayurbhanj experiences maximum temperature between 40-46°C
almost throughout the year.
Rainy Season
l
The rainy/monsoon season of Odisha starts in July and lasts till mid-October. In
North and North-Eastern parts of the state, the variability of rainfall is below 15%.
In South and South-Western parts of the state, the variability of rainfall increases
to 15-20%.
l
Odisha receives rainfall due to South-West Monsoon during summer. The
South-West monsoon commences in the coastal plain of the state between 5th
June to 10th June and by July, the whole of the state comes under its influence. By
the mid-October, South-West monsoon withdraws from this region completely.
l
During this season, the coastal areas of the state usually experience cyclone and
tornado. The average rainfall in the state is 200 cm, experienced during
July-September. July is the wettest month and the major rivers may get flooded due
to heavy rains.
l
The humidity in the monsoon season is very high in Odisha. The relative humidity
of coastal Odisha is about 75%. Humidity percentage in the vast inland regions of
Odisha is about 60%.
High Annual Rainfall Regions
l
The high annual rainfall region (above 155 cm) which lies in the Northern Odisha
are the catchment basins of the Budhabalanga, the Baitarani, the Brahmani and
the Ib, a tributary of the Mahanadi river. This region falls in the district of
Mayurbhanj, Northern and Western Kendujhar district, Lahara sub-division of
Angul, Sundargarh and Eastern Sambalpur districts. This high annual rainfall is
the result of the cyclones during monsoon season.
l
South-East Odisha also receives high annual rainfall. The horseshoe-like area of
the lower reaches of the Brahmani and the Mahanadi with Bhadrak, Sukinda,
Kendrapara and Cuttack on its order also receive high rainfall.
Low Annual Rainfall Regions
l
The low annual rainfall regions (135 cm or less rainfall) mostly lies in the
South-East of Odisha.
l
It covers the catchment basins of the Vamsadhara and the Rushikulya and a small
stretch of land to the East of lake Chilika, Eastern Koraput, Ganjam, the Western
part of Puri district, the upper Tel catchment basin, the rolling uplands of the
Baragarh plain and the middle Brahmani catchment basin. These regions neither
lie directly in the path of cyclone nor the monsoon winds that move from Bay of
Bengal.
Winter Season
l
The winter season in Odisha starts from mid October and ends in February. The
weather in this season ranges from 25°C-18°C in the coastal areas due to
moderating influence of the sea. In the interiors the temperature dips to 7°C.
Winter is not very severe except in some areas in Koraput and Kandhamal where
minimum temperature may drop to 3-4°C.
l
The state also experience little rainfall during winter season in the months of
October and November, January and February remain dry. The Southern and
Western parts of the state also experience thunder showers.
60 Know Your State ODISHA
Page 3


CHAPTER 6
Both climate and soils affect the economy and life of the state. Soil is
the top layer of the Earth’s surface which decides the agricultural
productivity of any place. Odisha has different types of soils and
tropical monsoon type of climate.
Climate of Odisha
Odisha has a tropical monsoon type of climate. The weather in Odisha is greatly
influenced by the sea, because of its proximity to the sea. Due to its tropical
monsoon type of climate, summers are very hot, monsoons are hot and wet while
winters are pleasant. However, the weather in the state remains equable throughout
the year.Odisha experiences three main seasons which are discussed below:
Summer Season
l
The summer season in Odisha starts in March and ends in June. The temperature
is quite high during this season. The maximum temperature of Odisha during
summer season  remains above 40°C.
l
The Western districts of Odisha i.e. Sundargarh, Sambalpur, Baragarh, Balangir,
Kalahandi and Mayurbhanj experiences maximum temperature between 40-46°C
almost throughout the year.
Rainy Season
l
The rainy/monsoon season of Odisha starts in July and lasts till mid-October. In
North and North-Eastern parts of the state, the variability of rainfall is below 15%.
In South and South-Western parts of the state, the variability of rainfall increases
to 15-20%.
l
Odisha receives rainfall due to South-West Monsoon during summer. The
South-West monsoon commences in the coastal plain of the state between 5th
June to 10th June and by July, the whole of the state comes under its influence. By
the mid-October, South-West monsoon withdraws from this region completely.
l
During this season, the coastal areas of the state usually experience cyclone and
tornado. The average rainfall in the state is 200 cm, experienced during
July-September. July is the wettest month and the major rivers may get flooded due
to heavy rains.
l
The humidity in the monsoon season is very high in Odisha. The relative humidity
of coastal Odisha is about 75%. Humidity percentage in the vast inland regions of
Odisha is about 60%.
High Annual Rainfall Regions
l
The high annual rainfall region (above 155 cm) which lies in the Northern Odisha
are the catchment basins of the Budhabalanga, the Baitarani, the Brahmani and
the Ib, a tributary of the Mahanadi river. This region falls in the district of
Mayurbhanj, Northern and Western Kendujhar district, Lahara sub-division of
Angul, Sundargarh and Eastern Sambalpur districts. This high annual rainfall is
the result of the cyclones during monsoon season.
l
South-East Odisha also receives high annual rainfall. The horseshoe-like area of
the lower reaches of the Brahmani and the Mahanadi with Bhadrak, Sukinda,
Kendrapara and Cuttack on its order also receive high rainfall.
Low Annual Rainfall Regions
l
The low annual rainfall regions (135 cm or less rainfall) mostly lies in the
South-East of Odisha.
l
It covers the catchment basins of the Vamsadhara and the Rushikulya and a small
stretch of land to the East of lake Chilika, Eastern Koraput, Ganjam, the Western
part of Puri district, the upper Tel catchment basin, the rolling uplands of the
Baragarh plain and the middle Brahmani catchment basin. These regions neither
lie directly in the path of cyclone nor the monsoon winds that move from Bay of
Bengal.
Winter Season
l
The winter season in Odisha starts from mid October and ends in February. The
weather in this season ranges from 25°C-18°C in the coastal areas due to
moderating influence of the sea. In the interiors the temperature dips to 7°C.
Winter is not very severe except in some areas in Koraput and Kandhamal where
minimum temperature may drop to 3-4°C.
l
The state also experience little rainfall during winter season in the months of
October and November, January and February remain dry. The Southern and
Western parts of the state also experience thunder showers.
60 Know Your State ODISHA
Local Seasonal Divisions in Odisha
Although,Odisha has there main seasons,but the year is locally divided into six seasons,
such as:
i. Grishma (Summer) Vaisakha and Jyestha (mid-April to mid-June).
ii. Barsa (Rainy season), Ashadha and Sravana (mid-June to mid-August).
iii. Sharaed (Autumn), Bhadraba and Aswina (mid-August to mid-October).
iv. Hemanta (Winter), Kartik and Margasira (mid-October to mid-December).
v. Sisira (Winter), Pausa and Magha (mid-December to mid-February).
vi. Basanta (Spring), Falguna and Chaitra (mid-February to mid-April).
Rainfall in Odisha
Rainfall in Odisha is mainly experienced during monsoon and winter seasons.The
account of the rainfall of the state is discussed below:
Monsoon Rainfall
The monsoon rainfall is considered as important rainfall in the state. It is because it
directly controls the crop production and condition in Odisha. In monsoon season
when rainfall is above 140 cm, it is considered as high rainfall and if it is less than
120 cm, it is considered to be low rainfall. This is hardly sufficient for a good paddy
harvest.
The high monsoon regions of the state are:
l
The parts of Ib River and portions of the Northern Baitarani basin which comprise
Eastern Sambalpur, Western Sundargarh and Sadar sub-division of Keonjhar
district.
l
The Phulbani and Phiringia regions receive high rainfall.
The low monsoon regions,in the state are as follows:
l
The region of South-West of Odisha receive low rainfall during monsoon.
l
The parts of middle Baitarani basin, which extend to North-East of Talcher,
receives low rainfall during monsoon.
Winter Rainfall
Winter rainfall is helpful in the growth of the rabi crop in Odisha. If there is a total
rainfall above 5 cm, it is considered high winter rainfall and less than 2.5 cm is
considered as low winter rainfall in Odisha.
The areas of high and low winter rainfall are as follows:
l
The high winter rainfall region lies in the North Odisha, from Baripada in the
East to Sundargarh in the West. This region covers North-Eastern portions of
Sambalpur, Northern part of Keonjhar, almost the whole of Mayurbhanj and the
middle portions of Balasore district.
61 Climate and Soils of Odisha
Page 4


CHAPTER 6
Both climate and soils affect the economy and life of the state. Soil is
the top layer of the Earth’s surface which decides the agricultural
productivity of any place. Odisha has different types of soils and
tropical monsoon type of climate.
Climate of Odisha
Odisha has a tropical monsoon type of climate. The weather in Odisha is greatly
influenced by the sea, because of its proximity to the sea. Due to its tropical
monsoon type of climate, summers are very hot, monsoons are hot and wet while
winters are pleasant. However, the weather in the state remains equable throughout
the year.Odisha experiences three main seasons which are discussed below:
Summer Season
l
The summer season in Odisha starts in March and ends in June. The temperature
is quite high during this season. The maximum temperature of Odisha during
summer season  remains above 40°C.
l
The Western districts of Odisha i.e. Sundargarh, Sambalpur, Baragarh, Balangir,
Kalahandi and Mayurbhanj experiences maximum temperature between 40-46°C
almost throughout the year.
Rainy Season
l
The rainy/monsoon season of Odisha starts in July and lasts till mid-October. In
North and North-Eastern parts of the state, the variability of rainfall is below 15%.
In South and South-Western parts of the state, the variability of rainfall increases
to 15-20%.
l
Odisha receives rainfall due to South-West Monsoon during summer. The
South-West monsoon commences in the coastal plain of the state between 5th
June to 10th June and by July, the whole of the state comes under its influence. By
the mid-October, South-West monsoon withdraws from this region completely.
l
During this season, the coastal areas of the state usually experience cyclone and
tornado. The average rainfall in the state is 200 cm, experienced during
July-September. July is the wettest month and the major rivers may get flooded due
to heavy rains.
l
The humidity in the monsoon season is very high in Odisha. The relative humidity
of coastal Odisha is about 75%. Humidity percentage in the vast inland regions of
Odisha is about 60%.
High Annual Rainfall Regions
l
The high annual rainfall region (above 155 cm) which lies in the Northern Odisha
are the catchment basins of the Budhabalanga, the Baitarani, the Brahmani and
the Ib, a tributary of the Mahanadi river. This region falls in the district of
Mayurbhanj, Northern and Western Kendujhar district, Lahara sub-division of
Angul, Sundargarh and Eastern Sambalpur districts. This high annual rainfall is
the result of the cyclones during monsoon season.
l
South-East Odisha also receives high annual rainfall. The horseshoe-like area of
the lower reaches of the Brahmani and the Mahanadi with Bhadrak, Sukinda,
Kendrapara and Cuttack on its order also receive high rainfall.
Low Annual Rainfall Regions
l
The low annual rainfall regions (135 cm or less rainfall) mostly lies in the
South-East of Odisha.
l
It covers the catchment basins of the Vamsadhara and the Rushikulya and a small
stretch of land to the East of lake Chilika, Eastern Koraput, Ganjam, the Western
part of Puri district, the upper Tel catchment basin, the rolling uplands of the
Baragarh plain and the middle Brahmani catchment basin. These regions neither
lie directly in the path of cyclone nor the monsoon winds that move from Bay of
Bengal.
Winter Season
l
The winter season in Odisha starts from mid October and ends in February. The
weather in this season ranges from 25°C-18°C in the coastal areas due to
moderating influence of the sea. In the interiors the temperature dips to 7°C.
Winter is not very severe except in some areas in Koraput and Kandhamal where
minimum temperature may drop to 3-4°C.
l
The state also experience little rainfall during winter season in the months of
October and November, January and February remain dry. The Southern and
Western parts of the state also experience thunder showers.
60 Know Your State ODISHA
Local Seasonal Divisions in Odisha
Although,Odisha has there main seasons,but the year is locally divided into six seasons,
such as:
i. Grishma (Summer) Vaisakha and Jyestha (mid-April to mid-June).
ii. Barsa (Rainy season), Ashadha and Sravana (mid-June to mid-August).
iii. Sharaed (Autumn), Bhadraba and Aswina (mid-August to mid-October).
iv. Hemanta (Winter), Kartik and Margasira (mid-October to mid-December).
v. Sisira (Winter), Pausa and Magha (mid-December to mid-February).
vi. Basanta (Spring), Falguna and Chaitra (mid-February to mid-April).
Rainfall in Odisha
Rainfall in Odisha is mainly experienced during monsoon and winter seasons.The
account of the rainfall of the state is discussed below:
Monsoon Rainfall
The monsoon rainfall is considered as important rainfall in the state. It is because it
directly controls the crop production and condition in Odisha. In monsoon season
when rainfall is above 140 cm, it is considered as high rainfall and if it is less than
120 cm, it is considered to be low rainfall. This is hardly sufficient for a good paddy
harvest.
The high monsoon regions of the state are:
l
The parts of Ib River and portions of the Northern Baitarani basin which comprise
Eastern Sambalpur, Western Sundargarh and Sadar sub-division of Keonjhar
district.
l
The Phulbani and Phiringia regions receive high rainfall.
The low monsoon regions,in the state are as follows:
l
The region of South-West of Odisha receive low rainfall during monsoon.
l
The parts of middle Baitarani basin, which extend to North-East of Talcher,
receives low rainfall during monsoon.
Winter Rainfall
Winter rainfall is helpful in the growth of the rabi crop in Odisha. If there is a total
rainfall above 5 cm, it is considered high winter rainfall and less than 2.5 cm is
considered as low winter rainfall in Odisha.
The areas of high and low winter rainfall are as follows:
l
The high winter rainfall region lies in the North Odisha, from Baripada in the
East to Sundargarh in the West. This region covers North-Eastern portions of
Sambalpur, Northern part of Keonjhar, almost the whole of Mayurbhanj and the
middle portions of Balasore district.
61 Climate and Soils of Odisha 62 Know Your State ODISHA
l
The coastal areas like Puri and Khurda receive more than 5 cm of rainfall.
l
The plateau of Phulbani and Phiringia also receive high winter rainfall.
l
The low winter rainfall region lies in South-West Odisha, it covers the district of
Koraput. It is particularly a single-crop region.
Climatic Regions in Odisha
Different Geographers have given different classifications regarding the climate of
Odisha.These classifications are given below:
l
According to Koppen’s classification, the climate of Odisha is tropical savannah
type (AW).
l
According to Thornthwaite’s classification, the climate of Odisha comes under
sub-humid type with deficient winter rains.
l
As per SB Chatterjee’s classification, the coastal region of Odisha is included in the
tropical savannah type of climate.
Agro-Climatic Zones in Odisha
As per the Forest and Environment Department of Odisha the state has been divided into
10 agro-climatic zones,such as:
Agro-Climatic
Zone
Agricultural
District
Climate Broad Soil Group
North-Western
Plateau
Sundargarh, parts of Deogarh
and Sambalpur and
Jharsuguda
Hot and moist
sub-humid
Red, Brown forest, Red and
Yellow, Mixed Red and
Black
North-Central
Plateau
Mayurbhanj, major parts of
Keonjhar (except Anandpur
and Ghasipur block)
Hot and moist
sub-humid
Red and Yellow, Mixed Red
and Black, Laterite
North-Eastern
Coastal Plain
Balasore, Bhadrak, parts of
Jajpur and Hatadihi block of
Keonjhar
Moist sub-humid Red, Deltaic alluvial,
Coastal alluvial and Saline
East and
South-Eastern
Coastal Plain
Kendrapara, Khurda, part of
Cuttack, Puri, Nayagarh and
Ganjam, Jagatsinghpur
Hot and humid Saline, Red and Mixed Red
and Black, Laterite, Alluvial
North-Eastern
Ghats
Phulbani, Rayagada, Gajapati,
part of Ganjam and small
patches of Koraput
Hot and moist
sub-humid
Brown forest, Red, Mixed
Red and Black, Laterite,
Alluvial.
Eastern Ghats
Highland
Major parts of Koraput,
Nabarangpur
Warm and humid Red, Mixed Red and Black,
Mixed Red and Yellow
South-Eastern
Ghats
Malkangiri and parts of
Keonjhar
Warm and humid Red, Black and Laterite.
Western
Undulating
Zone
Kalahandi and Nuapada Hot and moist
sub-humid
Red, Mixed Red and Black
Page 5


CHAPTER 6
Both climate and soils affect the economy and life of the state. Soil is
the top layer of the Earth’s surface which decides the agricultural
productivity of any place. Odisha has different types of soils and
tropical monsoon type of climate.
Climate of Odisha
Odisha has a tropical monsoon type of climate. The weather in Odisha is greatly
influenced by the sea, because of its proximity to the sea. Due to its tropical
monsoon type of climate, summers are very hot, monsoons are hot and wet while
winters are pleasant. However, the weather in the state remains equable throughout
the year.Odisha experiences three main seasons which are discussed below:
Summer Season
l
The summer season in Odisha starts in March and ends in June. The temperature
is quite high during this season. The maximum temperature of Odisha during
summer season  remains above 40°C.
l
The Western districts of Odisha i.e. Sundargarh, Sambalpur, Baragarh, Balangir,
Kalahandi and Mayurbhanj experiences maximum temperature between 40-46°C
almost throughout the year.
Rainy Season
l
The rainy/monsoon season of Odisha starts in July and lasts till mid-October. In
North and North-Eastern parts of the state, the variability of rainfall is below 15%.
In South and South-Western parts of the state, the variability of rainfall increases
to 15-20%.
l
Odisha receives rainfall due to South-West Monsoon during summer. The
South-West monsoon commences in the coastal plain of the state between 5th
June to 10th June and by July, the whole of the state comes under its influence. By
the mid-October, South-West monsoon withdraws from this region completely.
l
During this season, the coastal areas of the state usually experience cyclone and
tornado. The average rainfall in the state is 200 cm, experienced during
July-September. July is the wettest month and the major rivers may get flooded due
to heavy rains.
l
The humidity in the monsoon season is very high in Odisha. The relative humidity
of coastal Odisha is about 75%. Humidity percentage in the vast inland regions of
Odisha is about 60%.
High Annual Rainfall Regions
l
The high annual rainfall region (above 155 cm) which lies in the Northern Odisha
are the catchment basins of the Budhabalanga, the Baitarani, the Brahmani and
the Ib, a tributary of the Mahanadi river. This region falls in the district of
Mayurbhanj, Northern and Western Kendujhar district, Lahara sub-division of
Angul, Sundargarh and Eastern Sambalpur districts. This high annual rainfall is
the result of the cyclones during monsoon season.
l
South-East Odisha also receives high annual rainfall. The horseshoe-like area of
the lower reaches of the Brahmani and the Mahanadi with Bhadrak, Sukinda,
Kendrapara and Cuttack on its order also receive high rainfall.
Low Annual Rainfall Regions
l
The low annual rainfall regions (135 cm or less rainfall) mostly lies in the
South-East of Odisha.
l
It covers the catchment basins of the Vamsadhara and the Rushikulya and a small
stretch of land to the East of lake Chilika, Eastern Koraput, Ganjam, the Western
part of Puri district, the upper Tel catchment basin, the rolling uplands of the
Baragarh plain and the middle Brahmani catchment basin. These regions neither
lie directly in the path of cyclone nor the monsoon winds that move from Bay of
Bengal.
Winter Season
l
The winter season in Odisha starts from mid October and ends in February. The
weather in this season ranges from 25°C-18°C in the coastal areas due to
moderating influence of the sea. In the interiors the temperature dips to 7°C.
Winter is not very severe except in some areas in Koraput and Kandhamal where
minimum temperature may drop to 3-4°C.
l
The state also experience little rainfall during winter season in the months of
October and November, January and February remain dry. The Southern and
Western parts of the state also experience thunder showers.
60 Know Your State ODISHA
Local Seasonal Divisions in Odisha
Although,Odisha has there main seasons,but the year is locally divided into six seasons,
such as:
i. Grishma (Summer) Vaisakha and Jyestha (mid-April to mid-June).
ii. Barsa (Rainy season), Ashadha and Sravana (mid-June to mid-August).
iii. Sharaed (Autumn), Bhadraba and Aswina (mid-August to mid-October).
iv. Hemanta (Winter), Kartik and Margasira (mid-October to mid-December).
v. Sisira (Winter), Pausa and Magha (mid-December to mid-February).
vi. Basanta (Spring), Falguna and Chaitra (mid-February to mid-April).
Rainfall in Odisha
Rainfall in Odisha is mainly experienced during monsoon and winter seasons.The
account of the rainfall of the state is discussed below:
Monsoon Rainfall
The monsoon rainfall is considered as important rainfall in the state. It is because it
directly controls the crop production and condition in Odisha. In monsoon season
when rainfall is above 140 cm, it is considered as high rainfall and if it is less than
120 cm, it is considered to be low rainfall. This is hardly sufficient for a good paddy
harvest.
The high monsoon regions of the state are:
l
The parts of Ib River and portions of the Northern Baitarani basin which comprise
Eastern Sambalpur, Western Sundargarh and Sadar sub-division of Keonjhar
district.
l
The Phulbani and Phiringia regions receive high rainfall.
The low monsoon regions,in the state are as follows:
l
The region of South-West of Odisha receive low rainfall during monsoon.
l
The parts of middle Baitarani basin, which extend to North-East of Talcher,
receives low rainfall during monsoon.
Winter Rainfall
Winter rainfall is helpful in the growth of the rabi crop in Odisha. If there is a total
rainfall above 5 cm, it is considered high winter rainfall and less than 2.5 cm is
considered as low winter rainfall in Odisha.
The areas of high and low winter rainfall are as follows:
l
The high winter rainfall region lies in the North Odisha, from Baripada in the
East to Sundargarh in the West. This region covers North-Eastern portions of
Sambalpur, Northern part of Keonjhar, almost the whole of Mayurbhanj and the
middle portions of Balasore district.
61 Climate and Soils of Odisha 62 Know Your State ODISHA
l
The coastal areas like Puri and Khurda receive more than 5 cm of rainfall.
l
The plateau of Phulbani and Phiringia also receive high winter rainfall.
l
The low winter rainfall region lies in South-West Odisha, it covers the district of
Koraput. It is particularly a single-crop region.
Climatic Regions in Odisha
Different Geographers have given different classifications regarding the climate of
Odisha.These classifications are given below:
l
According to Koppen’s classification, the climate of Odisha is tropical savannah
type (AW).
l
According to Thornthwaite’s classification, the climate of Odisha comes under
sub-humid type with deficient winter rains.
l
As per SB Chatterjee’s classification, the coastal region of Odisha is included in the
tropical savannah type of climate.
Agro-Climatic Zones in Odisha
As per the Forest and Environment Department of Odisha the state has been divided into
10 agro-climatic zones,such as:
Agro-Climatic
Zone
Agricultural
District
Climate Broad Soil Group
North-Western
Plateau
Sundargarh, parts of Deogarh
and Sambalpur and
Jharsuguda
Hot and moist
sub-humid
Red, Brown forest, Red and
Yellow, Mixed Red and
Black
North-Central
Plateau
Mayurbhanj, major parts of
Keonjhar (except Anandpur
and Ghasipur block)
Hot and moist
sub-humid
Red and Yellow, Mixed Red
and Black, Laterite
North-Eastern
Coastal Plain
Balasore, Bhadrak, parts of
Jajpur and Hatadihi block of
Keonjhar
Moist sub-humid Red, Deltaic alluvial,
Coastal alluvial and Saline
East and
South-Eastern
Coastal Plain
Kendrapara, Khurda, part of
Cuttack, Puri, Nayagarh and
Ganjam, Jagatsinghpur
Hot and humid Saline, Red and Mixed Red
and Black, Laterite, Alluvial
North-Eastern
Ghats
Phulbani, Rayagada, Gajapati,
part of Ganjam and small
patches of Koraput
Hot and moist
sub-humid
Brown forest, Red, Mixed
Red and Black, Laterite,
Alluvial.
Eastern Ghats
Highland
Major parts of Koraput,
Nabarangpur
Warm and humid Red, Mixed Red and Black,
Mixed Red and Yellow
South-Eastern
Ghats
Malkangiri and parts of
Keonjhar
Warm and humid Red, Black and Laterite.
Western
Undulating
Zone
Kalahandi and Nuapada Hot and moist
sub-humid
Red, Mixed Red and Black
Agro-Climatic
Zone
Agricultural
District
Climate Broad Soil Group
Western
Central Table
Land
Bargarh, Balangir, Boudh,
Sonepur, parts of Sambalpur
and Jharsuguda
Hot and moist
sub-humid
Red, Yellow, Red Black,
Black and Brown Forest,
Laterite.
Mid Central
Table Land
Angul, Dhenkanal, parts of
Cuttack and Jajpur
Hot and moist
sub-humid
Alluvial, Red, Mixed Red
and Black, Laterite
Cyclone in Odisha
A cyclone is a very large rotating mass of air with low pressure at its center and
surrounded by a high pressure air mass. This is usually characterised by inward
spiralling winds that rotate anti-clockwise in the Northern hemisphere and
clockwise in the Southern hemisphere of the Earth. As Odisha is a coastal state, it
often experiences cyclonic storms which has become a regular feature of the state.
Due to the coastal location of Odisha on the Bay of Bangal, the state faces many
tropical cyclones that cause massive destruction. The most severe cyclonic in Odisha
occurred from 25th October-4th November, 1999. It was termed as super cyclonic
storm and caused massive destruction along with widespread floods. It is known as
Odisha Cyclone.
Some other cyclones that hitted Odisha are as follows:
CycloneTitli It occurred from 8-12th October, 2018. It was termed as a severe
cyclonic storm. It affected South-East Odisha in the districts of Ganjam and
Gajapati.
CycloneHudhud It occurred from 8-14th October, 2014 and was termed as very
severe cyclonic storm. 16 districts of the state were affected. Andhra Pradesh and
Andaman islands were also affected.
CyclonePhailin It was also an intense tropical cyclone occurring in India in the
states of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Andaman. It occurred from 5-14th October,
2013. Gopalpur in Ganjam district was heavily affected.
List of Cyclones hitting the Coast of Odisha
Name Date/Year Category
Cyclone Titli 8-12th October, 2018 Severe cyclonic storm
Cyclone Hudhud 8-14th October, 2014 Very severe Cyclonic storm
Cyclone Helen 19-23rd November, 2013 Severe Cyclonic Storm
Cyclone Phailin 5-14th October, 2013 Very Severe Cyclonic Storm
Cyclone Viyaru 10-17th May, 2013 Severe Cyclonic Storm
Cyclone Bijli 14-17th April, 2009 Severe Cyclonic Storm
Odisha Cyclone 25th October-4th November, 1999 Super Cyclonic Storm-caused massive
destruction, widespread flooding
63 Climate and Soils of Odisha