SSC CGL Previous Year Questions (2023-20): Chemistry - 1 | SSC CGL General Awareness Previous Year Papers (Topic-wise) PDF Download

 Page 1


 Pinnacle  Chemistry 
 Chemistry 
 Structure of Atom 
 Q.1.  Identify  whether  the  given 
 statements  about  ionisation  energy  are 
 correct or incorrect. 
 Statement A: 
 The  ionisation  energy  of  an  atom  is  the 
 amount  of  energy  that  is  required  to 
 remove  an  electron  from  a  mole  of 
 atoms in the gas phase. 
 Statement B: 
 The  ionisation  energy  increases  from  top 
 to  bottom  in  groups  and  decreases  from 
 left to right across a period. 
 SSC CPO 04/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Only Statement B is correct 
 (b) Only Statement A is correct 
 (c) Both Statements A and B are correct 
 (d) Both Statements A and B are 
 incorrect 
 Sol.1.(b)  Only  Statement  A  is  correct. 
 The  ionization  energy  decreases  from 
 top  to  bottom  in  groups,  and  increases 
 from  left  to  right  across  a  period.  Thus, 
 helium  has  the  largest  ionization  energy, 
 while Caesium has the lowest. 
 Q.2.  In  which  year  did  Carl  Anderson 
 discover  a  positively  charged  particle 
 called  "positron'  whose  mass  appears  to 
 be equal to the mass of an electron? 
 SSC CHSL 07/08/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) 1912   (b) 1932   (c) 1922   (d) 1942 
 Sol.2.(b)  1932.  Electron  -  J.J.  Thomson 
 (1897).  Proton  -  E.  Rutherford.  Neutron  - 
 James Chadwick (1932). 
 Q.3.  In  which  year  did  Niels  Bohr  propose 
 a  theory  for  the  hydrogen  atom  based  on 
 the  quantum  theory  that  some  physical 
 quantities take only discrete values? 
 SSC CHSL 09/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) 1919   (b) 1921  (c) 1909  (d) 1913 
 Sol.3.(d)  1913.  Niels  Bohr  received  the 
 Nobel  Prize  in  1922  "for  his  services  in 
 the  investigation  of  the  structure  of 
 atoms  and  of  the  radiation  emanating 
 from them"  . 
 Q.4.  Which  are  the  four  quantum 
 numbers  for  an  electron  present  in  4f 
 orbital? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) n = 4,  = 3, m = +1, s = +  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 (b) n = 3,  = 2, m = - 2, s = +  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 (c) n = 4,  = 4, m = - 4, s = -  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 (d) n = 4,  = 3, m = +4, s = +  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 Sol.4.(a)  n  =  4,  l  =  3,  m  =  +  1,  s  =  +  . 
 1    
 2 
 There  are  four  quantum  numbers: 
 Principal  (n)  -  It  refers  to  the  electron 
 shell  with  the  most  electrons,  giving  the 
 electron's  likely  distance  from  the 
 nucleus.  Azimuthal  (l)  -  It  is  de?ned  as 
 the  determination  of  the  shape  of  an 
 orbital.  Magnetic  (m)  -  The  subshell's 
 overall  number  of  orbitals  and  their 
 orientation.  Spin  (s)  -  The  values  of  n,  l, 
 and  m 
 l 
 have  no  bearing  on  the  electron. 
 The  4s  subshell  contains  1  orbital  and 
 can  hold  up  to  2  electrons.  The  4p 
 subshell  contains  3  orbitals  and  can  hold 
 up  to  6  electrons.  The  4d  subshell 
 contains  5  orbitals  and  can  hold  up  to  10 
 electrons.The  4f  subshell  has  7  orbitals 
 and can hold up to 14 electrons. 
 Q.5.  The  correct  electronic  con?guration 
 of Cu is : 
 SSC CHSL 07/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) [Ar]3d 
 9 
 4s 
 2 
 (b) [Kr]3d 
 9 
 4s 
 2 
 (c) [Kr]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 (d) [Ar]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 Sol.5.(d)  [Ar]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 .  Copper  (Cu)  - 
 Atomic  number  (29),  Electronic 
 con?guration  -  1s²  2s²  2p6  3s²  3p6  4s¹ 
 3d 
 10 
 or [Ar]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 . 
 Q.6.  What  does  it  mean  when  an  object 
 has a positive charge ? 
 SSC MTS 19/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) It has more electrons than protons 
 (b) It has more protons than electrons 
 (c) It has more neutrons than electrons 
 (d) It has more neutrons than protons 
 Sol.6.(b)  An  electron  is  negatively 
 charged  particle  and  protons  are 
 positively charged particles. 
 Q.7.  What  is  the  relative  charge  of  a 
 proton and neutron? 
 SSC MTS 15/06/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) -1 and +1 respectively 
 (b) +1 and -1 respectively 
 (c) +1 and 0 respectively 
 (d) -1 and 0 respectively 
 Sol.7.(c) +1 and 0 respectively. 
 Q.8.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  of 
 'number - composition' is correct? 
 I. Atomic number - number of protons 
 II. Mass number - Sum of number of 
 neutrons and protons 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Only I  (b) Neither I nor II 
 (c) Both I and II  (d) Only II 
 Sol.8.(c) Both I and II.  As atomic number 
 increases,  subsequently  mass  number 
 also increases. 
 Q.9.  What is the atomic mass of sodium? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) 32  (b) 40  (c) 23  (d) 12 
 Sol.9.(c)  23.  Sodium  (Na)  is  an  alkali 
 metal.  Atomic  number  -  11,  Group  -  1  and 
 Period  -  3,  Sodium  is  a  solid  at  room 
 temperature.  Uses  -  Soaps,  the  puri?cation 
 of  molten  metals  and  sodium  vapour 
 lamps. 
 Q.10.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 correct  representation  of  number  of 
 atoms? 
 SSC CHSL 14/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) (  ) × 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 (b) (  ) × 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 ??????????        ???????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 (c) (  ) × 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ??????????        ???????? 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 (d) (  ) × 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 Sol.10.(a)  (  )  ×  Avogadro 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 number  .  Avogadro  number:  6.022  ×  10²³. 
 Molar  mass  of  a  substance  is  the  mass 
 (in grams) of one mole of the compound. 
 Q.11.  What  is  the  maximum  number  of 
 electrons  that  the  third  orbit  or  M-shell 
 can have? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) 32  (b) 8  (c) 18  (d) 2 
 Sol.11.(c)  18  .  The  maximum  number  of 
 electrons  accommodated  in  a  shell 
 based  on  principal  quantum  number  (n). 
 It  is  represented  by  the  formula  2n 
 2 
 . 
 K  shell,  n  =  1,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  1 
 2 
 =  2. 
 L  shell,  n  =  2,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  2 
 2 
 =  8. 
 M  shell,  n  =  3,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  3 
 2 
 =  18. 
 N shell, n = 4, Max Electron = 2 × 4 
 2 
 = 32. 
 Q.12.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is  NOT  correct  regarding  Rutherford's 
 nuclear model of an atom? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) The size of the nucleus is very large 
 as compared to the size of the atom. 
 (b) The electrons revolve around the 
 nucleus in circular paths. 
 (c) There is a positively charged centre in 
 an atom called the nucleus. 
 (d) Nearly all the mass of an atom 
 resides in the nucleus. 
 Sol.12.(a)  According  to  Rutherford’s 
 nuclear  model  of  an  atom,  nucleus  is 
 very  small  in  size  as  compared  to  the 
 size  of  the  atom.  Rutherford  explained 
 the  revolving  of  electrons  around  the 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 432
Page 2


 Pinnacle  Chemistry 
 Chemistry 
 Structure of Atom 
 Q.1.  Identify  whether  the  given 
 statements  about  ionisation  energy  are 
 correct or incorrect. 
 Statement A: 
 The  ionisation  energy  of  an  atom  is  the 
 amount  of  energy  that  is  required  to 
 remove  an  electron  from  a  mole  of 
 atoms in the gas phase. 
 Statement B: 
 The  ionisation  energy  increases  from  top 
 to  bottom  in  groups  and  decreases  from 
 left to right across a period. 
 SSC CPO 04/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Only Statement B is correct 
 (b) Only Statement A is correct 
 (c) Both Statements A and B are correct 
 (d) Both Statements A and B are 
 incorrect 
 Sol.1.(b)  Only  Statement  A  is  correct. 
 The  ionization  energy  decreases  from 
 top  to  bottom  in  groups,  and  increases 
 from  left  to  right  across  a  period.  Thus, 
 helium  has  the  largest  ionization  energy, 
 while Caesium has the lowest. 
 Q.2.  In  which  year  did  Carl  Anderson 
 discover  a  positively  charged  particle 
 called  "positron'  whose  mass  appears  to 
 be equal to the mass of an electron? 
 SSC CHSL 07/08/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) 1912   (b) 1932   (c) 1922   (d) 1942 
 Sol.2.(b)  1932.  Electron  -  J.J.  Thomson 
 (1897).  Proton  -  E.  Rutherford.  Neutron  - 
 James Chadwick (1932). 
 Q.3.  In  which  year  did  Niels  Bohr  propose 
 a  theory  for  the  hydrogen  atom  based  on 
 the  quantum  theory  that  some  physical 
 quantities take only discrete values? 
 SSC CHSL 09/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) 1919   (b) 1921  (c) 1909  (d) 1913 
 Sol.3.(d)  1913.  Niels  Bohr  received  the 
 Nobel  Prize  in  1922  "for  his  services  in 
 the  investigation  of  the  structure  of 
 atoms  and  of  the  radiation  emanating 
 from them"  . 
 Q.4.  Which  are  the  four  quantum 
 numbers  for  an  electron  present  in  4f 
 orbital? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) n = 4,  = 3, m = +1, s = +  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 (b) n = 3,  = 2, m = - 2, s = +  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 (c) n = 4,  = 4, m = - 4, s = -  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 (d) n = 4,  = 3, m = +4, s = +  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 Sol.4.(a)  n  =  4,  l  =  3,  m  =  +  1,  s  =  +  . 
 1    
 2 
 There  are  four  quantum  numbers: 
 Principal  (n)  -  It  refers  to  the  electron 
 shell  with  the  most  electrons,  giving  the 
 electron's  likely  distance  from  the 
 nucleus.  Azimuthal  (l)  -  It  is  de?ned  as 
 the  determination  of  the  shape  of  an 
 orbital.  Magnetic  (m)  -  The  subshell's 
 overall  number  of  orbitals  and  their 
 orientation.  Spin  (s)  -  The  values  of  n,  l, 
 and  m 
 l 
 have  no  bearing  on  the  electron. 
 The  4s  subshell  contains  1  orbital  and 
 can  hold  up  to  2  electrons.  The  4p 
 subshell  contains  3  orbitals  and  can  hold 
 up  to  6  electrons.  The  4d  subshell 
 contains  5  orbitals  and  can  hold  up  to  10 
 electrons.The  4f  subshell  has  7  orbitals 
 and can hold up to 14 electrons. 
 Q.5.  The  correct  electronic  con?guration 
 of Cu is : 
 SSC CHSL 07/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) [Ar]3d 
 9 
 4s 
 2 
 (b) [Kr]3d 
 9 
 4s 
 2 
 (c) [Kr]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 (d) [Ar]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 Sol.5.(d)  [Ar]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 .  Copper  (Cu)  - 
 Atomic  number  (29),  Electronic 
 con?guration  -  1s²  2s²  2p6  3s²  3p6  4s¹ 
 3d 
 10 
 or [Ar]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 . 
 Q.6.  What  does  it  mean  when  an  object 
 has a positive charge ? 
 SSC MTS 19/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) It has more electrons than protons 
 (b) It has more protons than electrons 
 (c) It has more neutrons than electrons 
 (d) It has more neutrons than protons 
 Sol.6.(b)  An  electron  is  negatively 
 charged  particle  and  protons  are 
 positively charged particles. 
 Q.7.  What  is  the  relative  charge  of  a 
 proton and neutron? 
 SSC MTS 15/06/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) -1 and +1 respectively 
 (b) +1 and -1 respectively 
 (c) +1 and 0 respectively 
 (d) -1 and 0 respectively 
 Sol.7.(c) +1 and 0 respectively. 
 Q.8.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  of 
 'number - composition' is correct? 
 I. Atomic number - number of protons 
 II. Mass number - Sum of number of 
 neutrons and protons 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Only I  (b) Neither I nor II 
 (c) Both I and II  (d) Only II 
 Sol.8.(c) Both I and II.  As atomic number 
 increases,  subsequently  mass  number 
 also increases. 
 Q.9.  What is the atomic mass of sodium? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) 32  (b) 40  (c) 23  (d) 12 
 Sol.9.(c)  23.  Sodium  (Na)  is  an  alkali 
 metal.  Atomic  number  -  11,  Group  -  1  and 
 Period  -  3,  Sodium  is  a  solid  at  room 
 temperature.  Uses  -  Soaps,  the  puri?cation 
 of  molten  metals  and  sodium  vapour 
 lamps. 
 Q.10.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 correct  representation  of  number  of 
 atoms? 
 SSC CHSL 14/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) (  ) × 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 (b) (  ) × 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 ??????????        ???????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 (c) (  ) × 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ??????????        ???????? 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 (d) (  ) × 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 Sol.10.(a)  (  )  ×  Avogadro 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 number  .  Avogadro  number:  6.022  ×  10²³. 
 Molar  mass  of  a  substance  is  the  mass 
 (in grams) of one mole of the compound. 
 Q.11.  What  is  the  maximum  number  of 
 electrons  that  the  third  orbit  or  M-shell 
 can have? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) 32  (b) 8  (c) 18  (d) 2 
 Sol.11.(c)  18  .  The  maximum  number  of 
 electrons  accommodated  in  a  shell 
 based  on  principal  quantum  number  (n). 
 It  is  represented  by  the  formula  2n 
 2 
 . 
 K  shell,  n  =  1,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  1 
 2 
 =  2. 
 L  shell,  n  =  2,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  2 
 2 
 =  8. 
 M  shell,  n  =  3,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  3 
 2 
 =  18. 
 N shell, n = 4, Max Electron = 2 × 4 
 2 
 = 32. 
 Q.12.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is  NOT  correct  regarding  Rutherford's 
 nuclear model of an atom? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) The size of the nucleus is very large 
 as compared to the size of the atom. 
 (b) The electrons revolve around the 
 nucleus in circular paths. 
 (c) There is a positively charged centre in 
 an atom called the nucleus. 
 (d) Nearly all the mass of an atom 
 resides in the nucleus. 
 Sol.12.(a)  According  to  Rutherford’s 
 nuclear  model  of  an  atom,  nucleus  is 
 very  small  in  size  as  compared  to  the 
 size  of  the  atom.  Rutherford  explained 
 the  revolving  of  electrons  around  the 
 www.ssccglpinnacle.com                                                 Download Pinnacle Exam Preparation App 432
 Pinnacle  Chemistry 
 nucleus,  however,  he  did  not  mention 
 how  the  electrons  were  placed  inside, 
 which  ended  up  making  Rutherford’s 
 model an incomplete model of the atom. 
 Q.13.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  of 
 'elements - valency' is correct? 
 I. Boron - 2 
 II. Fluorine - 3 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Neither I nor II  (b) Both I and II 
 (c) Only II  (d) Only I 
 Sol.13.(a)  Neither  I  nor  II.  Valency  - 
 Combining  power  of  an  element.  Valency 
 of  some  elements  :  Aluminium  (+3),  Boron 
 (+3), ?uorine (-1). 
 Q.14.  Which  theory  discusses  the 
 relationship  between  ligand  bonding  and 
 degradation  of  d  orbitals  in  metal 
 complexes  and  the  geometry  of  metal 
 complexes and the splitting of d orbitals? 
 SSC CGL 05/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Crystal ?eld theory (CFT) 
 (b) Ligand ?eld theory (LFT) 
 (c) Valence bond theory (VBT) 
 (d) Molecular orbital theory (MOT) 
 Sol.14.(a)  Crystal  ?eld  theory:  (1929, 
 developed  by  physicist  Hans  Bethe) 
 describes  the  breaking  of  orbital 
 degeneracy  in  transition  metal 
 complexes  due  to  the  presence  of 
 ligands. 
 Q.15.  What  kind  of  forces  arise  from 
 transient  dipoles  in  atoms  that  induce 
 transient  dipoles  in  nearby  atoms, 
 produce  an  attractive  force  and  are 
 signi?cant  only  over  short  distances 
 (~500 pm) ? 
 SSC CGL 02/12/2022 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Dipole-dipole forces 
 (b) London dispersion forces 
 (c) Dipole-induced dipole forces 
 (d) Hydrogen bond 
 Sol.15.(b)  London  Dispersion  forces. 
 Dipole  –  Dipole  Force  is  a  form  of 
 intermolecular  force  that  occurs  when  a 
 polar  molecule  interacts  with  a  non-polar 
 molecule  .  Dipole-induced  dipole  force  is 
 a  type  of  attractive  force  that  operates 
 between  the  polar  molecules  having 
 permanent  dipole  and  the  molecules 
 lacking permanent dipole. 
 Q.16.  In 1898, whose theory propounded 
 that  the  ions/groups  bonded  to  the  metal 
 by  secondary  bonding  have  spatial 
 arrangements corresponding to different 
 characteristics coordination number? 
 SSC CPO 09/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Henry Taube  (b) Alfred Werner 
 (c) Erich Huckel  (d) Emil Fischer 
 Sol.16.(b)  Alfred  Werner.  Nobel  Prize  for 
 Chemistry  (1913).  Henry  Taube  -  Nobel 
 Prize  in  Chemistry  (1983  -  “for  his  studies 
 of  the  mechanisms  of  electron  transfer  in 
 metal complexes”). 
 Q.17.  What  is  the  atomicity  of 
 Phosphorus? 
 SSC CPO 10/11/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Poly-atomic  (b) Monoatomic 
 (c) Diatomic  (d) Tetra-atomic 
 Sol.17.(d)  Tetra-atomic.  Atomicity  is  the 
 total  number  of  atoms  present  in  a 
 molecule.  Polyatomic  (composed  of 
 three  or  more  atoms).  Phosphorus  was 
 ?rst made by Hennig Brandt in 1669. 
 Q.18.  Which  formula  is  used  to  represent 
 the  three-dimensional  structures  of 
 molecules  using  a  two-dimensional 
 surface  like  a  sheet  of  paper  or  a 
 computer screen? 
 SSC CPO 11/11/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Bond-line formula 
 (b) Lewis structure formula 
 (c) Dash-wedge formula 
 (d) Condensed structural formula 
 Sol.18.(c)  Dash-wedge  formula.  Bond  - 
 line  formula  is  used  for  every  bond 
 represented as a line in a zigzag manner. 
 Q.19.  In  the  electronic  con?guration  of 
 an  atom,  What  does  ‘n’  signify  in  the 
 formula 2n 
 2 
 ? 
 SSC CHSL 27/05/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) The number of electrons 
 (b) The number of protons 
 (c) The number of the given shell from 
 the nucleus 
 (d) The number of valence electrons 
 present 
 Sol.19.(c)  The  electronic  con?guration  of 
 an  element  describes  how  electrons  are 
 distributed  in  its  atomic  orbitals.  The 
 maximum  number  of  electrons  that  can 
 be  accommodated  in  a  shell  is  based  on 
 the  principal  quantum  number  (n)  and  is 
 represented  by  the  formula  2n 
 2 
 ,  where  'n' 
 is the shell number. 
 Q.20.  According  to  Dalton’s  atomic 
 theory,  atoms  combine  in  the  ratio  of 
 small whole numbers to form ______. 
 SSC MTS 2/11/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) neutrons  (b) molecules 
 (c) protons  (d) compounds 
 Sol.20.(d)  Compounds  .  John  Dalton  is 
 considered  the  ‘Father  of  Modern  Atomic 
 Theory’.  Dalton's  atomic  theory  (1808) 
 was  the  ?rst  complete  attempt  to 
 describe  all  matter  in  terms  of  atoms  and 
 their properties. 
 Q.21.  If  the  size  of  the  nucleus  of  an 
 atom  is  compared  with  a  cricket  ball, 
 then  the  radius  of  the  atom  is 
 approximately  equal  to  how  many 
 kilometers? 
 SSC CPO 23/11/2020 (Morning) 
 (a) 5  (b) 0.5  (c) 0.05       (d) 0.005 
 Sol.21.(a)  5  km.  The  radius  of  the  atom 
 is  10 
 -10 
 m,  and  the  radius  of  nucleus  is 
 10 
 -15 
 m. 
 Q.22.  The  ?rst  electron  shell  which  is  the 
 nearest  to  the  nucleus  never  holds  more 
 than 'n' electrons, where 'n' is equal to: 
 SSC CGL 6/03/2020 (Afternoon) 
 (a) 2  (b) 8  (c) 4  (d) 6 
 Sol.22.(a)  2.  The  maximum  number  of 
 electrons  accommodated  in  a  shell 
 based  on  principal  quantum  number  (n). 
 It  is  represented  by  the  formula  2n 
 2 
 . 
 K  shell,  n  =  1,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  1 
 2 
 =  2. 
 L  shell,  n  =  2,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  2 
 2 
 =  8. 
 M  shell,  n  =  3,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  3 
 2 
 =  18. 
 N shell, n = 4, Max Electron = 2 × 4 
 2 
 = 32. 
 Metals, Non-metals and Alloys 
 Q.23.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  an 
 alkaline earth metal? 
 SSC Stenographer 12/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Na  (b) Mg  (c) Ca  (d) Be 
 Sol.23.(a)  Na  (Sodium)  -  It  is  an  Alkali 
 metal.  Alkaline  earth  metals:  Beryllium 
 (Be,  4),  Magnesium  (Mg,  12),  Calcium 
 (Ca,  20),  Strontium  (Sr,  38),  Barium  (Ba, 
 56),  Radium  (Ra,  88).  They  have  two 
 electrons  in  their  outermost  shells.  Alkali 
 metals:  Lithium  (Li,  3),  Sodium  (Na,  11), 
 Potassium  (K,  19),  Rubidium  (Rb,  37), 
 Caesium (Cs, 55), Francium (Fr, 87). 
 Q.24.  What  is  the  name  of  the  seventh 
 most  abundant  metal  in  the  earth's  crust, 
 which  is  derived  from  the  medieval  Latin 
 word 'Kalium' ? 
 SSC MTS 01/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Aluminium  (b) Magnesium 
 (c) Calcium  (d) Potassium 
 Sol.24.(d)  Potassium.  It  makes  up  2.4% 
 by  mass  of  the  Earth  crust.  Aluminium  is 
 the  most  abundant  metal  and  Oxygen  is 
 the  most  abundant  non-metal  found  in 
 the  earth's  crust.  Eight  most  abundant 
 elements  in  the  Earth's  crust  are  Oxygen 
 (O),  Silicon  (Si),  Aluminium  (Al),  Calcium 
 (Ca),  Iron  (Fe),  Magnesium  (Mg),  Sodium 
 (Na), and Potassium (K). 
 Q.25.  Which chemical element with 
 atomic number 35 has a dark 
 reddish-brown liquid with a burning 
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Page 3


 Pinnacle  Chemistry 
 Chemistry 
 Structure of Atom 
 Q.1.  Identify  whether  the  given 
 statements  about  ionisation  energy  are 
 correct or incorrect. 
 Statement A: 
 The  ionisation  energy  of  an  atom  is  the 
 amount  of  energy  that  is  required  to 
 remove  an  electron  from  a  mole  of 
 atoms in the gas phase. 
 Statement B: 
 The  ionisation  energy  increases  from  top 
 to  bottom  in  groups  and  decreases  from 
 left to right across a period. 
 SSC CPO 04/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Only Statement B is correct 
 (b) Only Statement A is correct 
 (c) Both Statements A and B are correct 
 (d) Both Statements A and B are 
 incorrect 
 Sol.1.(b)  Only  Statement  A  is  correct. 
 The  ionization  energy  decreases  from 
 top  to  bottom  in  groups,  and  increases 
 from  left  to  right  across  a  period.  Thus, 
 helium  has  the  largest  ionization  energy, 
 while Caesium has the lowest. 
 Q.2.  In  which  year  did  Carl  Anderson 
 discover  a  positively  charged  particle 
 called  "positron'  whose  mass  appears  to 
 be equal to the mass of an electron? 
 SSC CHSL 07/08/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) 1912   (b) 1932   (c) 1922   (d) 1942 
 Sol.2.(b)  1932.  Electron  -  J.J.  Thomson 
 (1897).  Proton  -  E.  Rutherford.  Neutron  - 
 James Chadwick (1932). 
 Q.3.  In  which  year  did  Niels  Bohr  propose 
 a  theory  for  the  hydrogen  atom  based  on 
 the  quantum  theory  that  some  physical 
 quantities take only discrete values? 
 SSC CHSL 09/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) 1919   (b) 1921  (c) 1909  (d) 1913 
 Sol.3.(d)  1913.  Niels  Bohr  received  the 
 Nobel  Prize  in  1922  "for  his  services  in 
 the  investigation  of  the  structure  of 
 atoms  and  of  the  radiation  emanating 
 from them"  . 
 Q.4.  Which  are  the  four  quantum 
 numbers  for  an  electron  present  in  4f 
 orbital? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) n = 4,  = 3, m = +1, s = +  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 (b) n = 3,  = 2, m = - 2, s = +  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 (c) n = 4,  = 4, m = - 4, s = -  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 (d) n = 4,  = 3, m = +4, s = +  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 Sol.4.(a)  n  =  4,  l  =  3,  m  =  +  1,  s  =  +  . 
 1    
 2 
 There  are  four  quantum  numbers: 
 Principal  (n)  -  It  refers  to  the  electron 
 shell  with  the  most  electrons,  giving  the 
 electron's  likely  distance  from  the 
 nucleus.  Azimuthal  (l)  -  It  is  de?ned  as 
 the  determination  of  the  shape  of  an 
 orbital.  Magnetic  (m)  -  The  subshell's 
 overall  number  of  orbitals  and  their 
 orientation.  Spin  (s)  -  The  values  of  n,  l, 
 and  m 
 l 
 have  no  bearing  on  the  electron. 
 The  4s  subshell  contains  1  orbital  and 
 can  hold  up  to  2  electrons.  The  4p 
 subshell  contains  3  orbitals  and  can  hold 
 up  to  6  electrons.  The  4d  subshell 
 contains  5  orbitals  and  can  hold  up  to  10 
 electrons.The  4f  subshell  has  7  orbitals 
 and can hold up to 14 electrons. 
 Q.5.  The  correct  electronic  con?guration 
 of Cu is : 
 SSC CHSL 07/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) [Ar]3d 
 9 
 4s 
 2 
 (b) [Kr]3d 
 9 
 4s 
 2 
 (c) [Kr]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 (d) [Ar]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 Sol.5.(d)  [Ar]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 .  Copper  (Cu)  - 
 Atomic  number  (29),  Electronic 
 con?guration  -  1s²  2s²  2p6  3s²  3p6  4s¹ 
 3d 
 10 
 or [Ar]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 . 
 Q.6.  What  does  it  mean  when  an  object 
 has a positive charge ? 
 SSC MTS 19/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) It has more electrons than protons 
 (b) It has more protons than electrons 
 (c) It has more neutrons than electrons 
 (d) It has more neutrons than protons 
 Sol.6.(b)  An  electron  is  negatively 
 charged  particle  and  protons  are 
 positively charged particles. 
 Q.7.  What  is  the  relative  charge  of  a 
 proton and neutron? 
 SSC MTS 15/06/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) -1 and +1 respectively 
 (b) +1 and -1 respectively 
 (c) +1 and 0 respectively 
 (d) -1 and 0 respectively 
 Sol.7.(c) +1 and 0 respectively. 
 Q.8.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  of 
 'number - composition' is correct? 
 I. Atomic number - number of protons 
 II. Mass number - Sum of number of 
 neutrons and protons 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Only I  (b) Neither I nor II 
 (c) Both I and II  (d) Only II 
 Sol.8.(c) Both I and II.  As atomic number 
 increases,  subsequently  mass  number 
 also increases. 
 Q.9.  What is the atomic mass of sodium? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) 32  (b) 40  (c) 23  (d) 12 
 Sol.9.(c)  23.  Sodium  (Na)  is  an  alkali 
 metal.  Atomic  number  -  11,  Group  -  1  and 
 Period  -  3,  Sodium  is  a  solid  at  room 
 temperature.  Uses  -  Soaps,  the  puri?cation 
 of  molten  metals  and  sodium  vapour 
 lamps. 
 Q.10.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 correct  representation  of  number  of 
 atoms? 
 SSC CHSL 14/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) (  ) × 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 (b) (  ) × 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 ??????????        ???????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 (c) (  ) × 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ??????????        ???????? 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 (d) (  ) × 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 Sol.10.(a)  (  )  ×  Avogadro 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 number  .  Avogadro  number:  6.022  ×  10²³. 
 Molar  mass  of  a  substance  is  the  mass 
 (in grams) of one mole of the compound. 
 Q.11.  What  is  the  maximum  number  of 
 electrons  that  the  third  orbit  or  M-shell 
 can have? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) 32  (b) 8  (c) 18  (d) 2 
 Sol.11.(c)  18  .  The  maximum  number  of 
 electrons  accommodated  in  a  shell 
 based  on  principal  quantum  number  (n). 
 It  is  represented  by  the  formula  2n 
 2 
 . 
 K  shell,  n  =  1,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  1 
 2 
 =  2. 
 L  shell,  n  =  2,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  2 
 2 
 =  8. 
 M  shell,  n  =  3,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  3 
 2 
 =  18. 
 N shell, n = 4, Max Electron = 2 × 4 
 2 
 = 32. 
 Q.12.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is  NOT  correct  regarding  Rutherford's 
 nuclear model of an atom? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) The size of the nucleus is very large 
 as compared to the size of the atom. 
 (b) The electrons revolve around the 
 nucleus in circular paths. 
 (c) There is a positively charged centre in 
 an atom called the nucleus. 
 (d) Nearly all the mass of an atom 
 resides in the nucleus. 
 Sol.12.(a)  According  to  Rutherford’s 
 nuclear  model  of  an  atom,  nucleus  is 
 very  small  in  size  as  compared  to  the 
 size  of  the  atom.  Rutherford  explained 
 the  revolving  of  electrons  around  the 
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 Pinnacle  Chemistry 
 nucleus,  however,  he  did  not  mention 
 how  the  electrons  were  placed  inside, 
 which  ended  up  making  Rutherford’s 
 model an incomplete model of the atom. 
 Q.13.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  of 
 'elements - valency' is correct? 
 I. Boron - 2 
 II. Fluorine - 3 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Neither I nor II  (b) Both I and II 
 (c) Only II  (d) Only I 
 Sol.13.(a)  Neither  I  nor  II.  Valency  - 
 Combining  power  of  an  element.  Valency 
 of  some  elements  :  Aluminium  (+3),  Boron 
 (+3), ?uorine (-1). 
 Q.14.  Which  theory  discusses  the 
 relationship  between  ligand  bonding  and 
 degradation  of  d  orbitals  in  metal 
 complexes  and  the  geometry  of  metal 
 complexes and the splitting of d orbitals? 
 SSC CGL 05/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Crystal ?eld theory (CFT) 
 (b) Ligand ?eld theory (LFT) 
 (c) Valence bond theory (VBT) 
 (d) Molecular orbital theory (MOT) 
 Sol.14.(a)  Crystal  ?eld  theory:  (1929, 
 developed  by  physicist  Hans  Bethe) 
 describes  the  breaking  of  orbital 
 degeneracy  in  transition  metal 
 complexes  due  to  the  presence  of 
 ligands. 
 Q.15.  What  kind  of  forces  arise  from 
 transient  dipoles  in  atoms  that  induce 
 transient  dipoles  in  nearby  atoms, 
 produce  an  attractive  force  and  are 
 signi?cant  only  over  short  distances 
 (~500 pm) ? 
 SSC CGL 02/12/2022 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Dipole-dipole forces 
 (b) London dispersion forces 
 (c) Dipole-induced dipole forces 
 (d) Hydrogen bond 
 Sol.15.(b)  London  Dispersion  forces. 
 Dipole  –  Dipole  Force  is  a  form  of 
 intermolecular  force  that  occurs  when  a 
 polar  molecule  interacts  with  a  non-polar 
 molecule  .  Dipole-induced  dipole  force  is 
 a  type  of  attractive  force  that  operates 
 between  the  polar  molecules  having 
 permanent  dipole  and  the  molecules 
 lacking permanent dipole. 
 Q.16.  In 1898, whose theory propounded 
 that  the  ions/groups  bonded  to  the  metal 
 by  secondary  bonding  have  spatial 
 arrangements corresponding to different 
 characteristics coordination number? 
 SSC CPO 09/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Henry Taube  (b) Alfred Werner 
 (c) Erich Huckel  (d) Emil Fischer 
 Sol.16.(b)  Alfred  Werner.  Nobel  Prize  for 
 Chemistry  (1913).  Henry  Taube  -  Nobel 
 Prize  in  Chemistry  (1983  -  “for  his  studies 
 of  the  mechanisms  of  electron  transfer  in 
 metal complexes”). 
 Q.17.  What  is  the  atomicity  of 
 Phosphorus? 
 SSC CPO 10/11/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Poly-atomic  (b) Monoatomic 
 (c) Diatomic  (d) Tetra-atomic 
 Sol.17.(d)  Tetra-atomic.  Atomicity  is  the 
 total  number  of  atoms  present  in  a 
 molecule.  Polyatomic  (composed  of 
 three  or  more  atoms).  Phosphorus  was 
 ?rst made by Hennig Brandt in 1669. 
 Q.18.  Which  formula  is  used  to  represent 
 the  three-dimensional  structures  of 
 molecules  using  a  two-dimensional 
 surface  like  a  sheet  of  paper  or  a 
 computer screen? 
 SSC CPO 11/11/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Bond-line formula 
 (b) Lewis structure formula 
 (c) Dash-wedge formula 
 (d) Condensed structural formula 
 Sol.18.(c)  Dash-wedge  formula.  Bond  - 
 line  formula  is  used  for  every  bond 
 represented as a line in a zigzag manner. 
 Q.19.  In  the  electronic  con?guration  of 
 an  atom,  What  does  ‘n’  signify  in  the 
 formula 2n 
 2 
 ? 
 SSC CHSL 27/05/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) The number of electrons 
 (b) The number of protons 
 (c) The number of the given shell from 
 the nucleus 
 (d) The number of valence electrons 
 present 
 Sol.19.(c)  The  electronic  con?guration  of 
 an  element  describes  how  electrons  are 
 distributed  in  its  atomic  orbitals.  The 
 maximum  number  of  electrons  that  can 
 be  accommodated  in  a  shell  is  based  on 
 the  principal  quantum  number  (n)  and  is 
 represented  by  the  formula  2n 
 2 
 ,  where  'n' 
 is the shell number. 
 Q.20.  According  to  Dalton’s  atomic 
 theory,  atoms  combine  in  the  ratio  of 
 small whole numbers to form ______. 
 SSC MTS 2/11/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) neutrons  (b) molecules 
 (c) protons  (d) compounds 
 Sol.20.(d)  Compounds  .  John  Dalton  is 
 considered  the  ‘Father  of  Modern  Atomic 
 Theory’.  Dalton's  atomic  theory  (1808) 
 was  the  ?rst  complete  attempt  to 
 describe  all  matter  in  terms  of  atoms  and 
 their properties. 
 Q.21.  If  the  size  of  the  nucleus  of  an 
 atom  is  compared  with  a  cricket  ball, 
 then  the  radius  of  the  atom  is 
 approximately  equal  to  how  many 
 kilometers? 
 SSC CPO 23/11/2020 (Morning) 
 (a) 5  (b) 0.5  (c) 0.05       (d) 0.005 
 Sol.21.(a)  5  km.  The  radius  of  the  atom 
 is  10 
 -10 
 m,  and  the  radius  of  nucleus  is 
 10 
 -15 
 m. 
 Q.22.  The  ?rst  electron  shell  which  is  the 
 nearest  to  the  nucleus  never  holds  more 
 than 'n' electrons, where 'n' is equal to: 
 SSC CGL 6/03/2020 (Afternoon) 
 (a) 2  (b) 8  (c) 4  (d) 6 
 Sol.22.(a)  2.  The  maximum  number  of 
 electrons  accommodated  in  a  shell 
 based  on  principal  quantum  number  (n). 
 It  is  represented  by  the  formula  2n 
 2 
 . 
 K  shell,  n  =  1,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  1 
 2 
 =  2. 
 L  shell,  n  =  2,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  2 
 2 
 =  8. 
 M  shell,  n  =  3,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  3 
 2 
 =  18. 
 N shell, n = 4, Max Electron = 2 × 4 
 2 
 = 32. 
 Metals, Non-metals and Alloys 
 Q.23.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  an 
 alkaline earth metal? 
 SSC Stenographer 12/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Na  (b) Mg  (c) Ca  (d) Be 
 Sol.23.(a)  Na  (Sodium)  -  It  is  an  Alkali 
 metal.  Alkaline  earth  metals:  Beryllium 
 (Be,  4),  Magnesium  (Mg,  12),  Calcium 
 (Ca,  20),  Strontium  (Sr,  38),  Barium  (Ba, 
 56),  Radium  (Ra,  88).  They  have  two 
 electrons  in  their  outermost  shells.  Alkali 
 metals:  Lithium  (Li,  3),  Sodium  (Na,  11), 
 Potassium  (K,  19),  Rubidium  (Rb,  37), 
 Caesium (Cs, 55), Francium (Fr, 87). 
 Q.24.  What  is  the  name  of  the  seventh 
 most  abundant  metal  in  the  earth's  crust, 
 which  is  derived  from  the  medieval  Latin 
 word 'Kalium' ? 
 SSC MTS 01/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Aluminium  (b) Magnesium 
 (c) Calcium  (d) Potassium 
 Sol.24.(d)  Potassium.  It  makes  up  2.4% 
 by  mass  of  the  Earth  crust.  Aluminium  is 
 the  most  abundant  metal  and  Oxygen  is 
 the  most  abundant  non-metal  found  in 
 the  earth's  crust.  Eight  most  abundant 
 elements  in  the  Earth's  crust  are  Oxygen 
 (O),  Silicon  (Si),  Aluminium  (Al),  Calcium 
 (Ca),  Iron  (Fe),  Magnesium  (Mg),  Sodium 
 (Na), and Potassium (K). 
 Q.25.  Which chemical element with 
 atomic number 35 has a dark 
 reddish-brown liquid with a burning 
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 Pinnacle  Chemistry 
 pungent odour ? 
 SSC MTS 06/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Tennessine  (b) Chlorine 
 (c) Astatine  (d) Bromine 
 Sol.25.(d)  Bromine  (Br)  is  the  third 
 halogen,  a  nonmetal  in  group  17  of  the 
 periodic  table.  Products  containing 
 bromine  used  in  agriculture  and 
 sanitation and as ?re retardants. 
 Q.26.  An  image  of  which  of  the  following 
 elements  is  shown  by  the  map  of  Cyprus 
 from which the element got its name ? 
 SSC MTS 13/09/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Silver  (b) Cobalt 
 (c) Copper  (d) Sulphur 
 Sol.26.(c)  Copper  (Cu,  Atomic  no  29).  It 
 is  a  good  conductor  of  heat  and 
 electricity.  It  is  in  group  11,  period  4  and 
 block  ‘d’  of  the  periodic  table.  It  was  the 
 ?rst metal used by man on earth. 
 Q.27.  Which  radioactive  isotope  has  a 
 half-life  of  5770  years,  which  is 
 commonly  used  to  estimate  the  age  of 
 organic  materials  such  as  paper  and 
 parchment ? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) 
 9 
 C  (b) 
 12 
 C  (c) 
 14 
 C  (d) 
 17 
 C 
 Sol.27.(c) 
 14 
 C  -  It  is  an  unstable  and 
 weakly  radioactive  isotope  of  carbon. 
 Three  Natural  isotopes  of  carbon  : 
 12 
 C, 
 13 
 C  and 
 14 
 C.  Isotopes  -  Atoms  of  the 
 same  element  having  the  same  atomic 
 number  but  different  mass  numbers.  For 
 example,  take  the  case  of  hydrogen 
 atom,  it  has  three  atomic  species, 
 namely  protium  ( 
 1 
 1 
 H),  deuterium  ( 
 2 
 1 
 H  or 
 D)  and  tritium  ( 
 3 
 1 
 H  or  T).  The  atomic 
 number  of  each  one  is  1,  but  the  mass 
 number is 1, 2 and 3, respectively. 
 Q.28.  Which  metal  ion  released  from  the 
 tannery  industry  causes  acute  water 
 pollution? 
 SSC CHSL 09/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Mg  (b) As  (c) Cr  (d) Zn 
 Sol.28.(c)  Chromium  (Cr).  Tannery 
 Wastewaters:  It  contains  Hairs,  proteins, 
 acids,  alkalis,  chromium  salts,  sulphides, 
 chlorides, tannins, solvents, dyes. 
 Q.29.  What  is  the  most  stable  mineral 
 during the process of weathering? 
 SSC CHSL 10/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Quartz  (b) Olivine 
 (c) Pyroxene  (d) Amphibole 
 Sol.29.(a)  Quartz  (felsic  mineral).  Iron 
 oxides,  Al-hydroxides,  clay  minerals  and 
 quartz  are  the  most  stable  weathered 
 products  whereas  highly  soluble 
 minerals  like  halite  are  the  least  stable. 
 Silicates  fall  within  the  middle  range. 
 Ma?c  silicates  like  olivine,  pyroxene  or 
 amphibole  breakdown  relatively  easily. 
 Weathering  -  The  breaking  down  or 
 dissolving  of  rocks  and  minerals  on 
 Earth's  surface.  Types  of  weathering: 
 Chemical,  Physical  and  Biological 
 Weathering. 
 Q.30.  From  which  Latin  word  is  the  s 
 block element calcium derived? 
 SSC CGL 14/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Calx  (b) Calum  (c) Coleus  (d) Calcio 
 Sol.30.(a)  Calx  (calcium  hydroxide)  . 
 Formula  -  Ca(OH) 
 2 
 .  It  is  used  in  industrial 
 settings,  such  as  sewage  treatment, 
 paper  production,  construction,  and  food 
 processing.  Calum  (calcium  carbonate): 
 Formula - CaCO 
 3 
 . 
 Q.31.  Which  element  of  Group  17  has 
 two  isotopes  of  masses  35  and  37  amu 
 with  average  abundance  of  75.77%  and 
 24.23%, respectively? 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Chlorine  (b) lodine 
 (c) Fluorine  (d) Astatine 
 Sol.31.(a)  Chlorine.  Element  of  Group  17 
 :  The  halogens  are  located  on  the  left  of 
 the  noble  gases  on  the  periodic  table. 
 These  ?ve  toxic,  non-metallic  elements 
 make  up  Group  17  of  the  periodic  table 
 and  consist  of  :  ?uorine  (9,  F),  chlorine 
 (17,  Cl),  bromine  (35,  Br),  iodine  (53,  I), 
 and astatine (85, At). 
 Q.32.  Which  of  the  following  are 
 metalloids? 
 SSC CGL 18/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Boron, oxygen, aluminium 
 (b) Boron, mercury, iron 
 (c) Boron, silicon, antimony 
 (d) Aluminium, mercury, copper 
 Sol.32.(c)  Boron,  silicon,  antimony. 
 Metalloids  -  Chemical  elements  whose 
 physical  and  chemical  properties  fall  in 
 between  the  metal  and  non-metal 
 categories  .  Seven  most  widely 
 recognized  metalloids  -  Boron, 
 germanium,  silicon,  antimony,  arsenic, 
 tellurium and polonium. 
 Q.33.  Which  among  the  following  alloys 
 is a combination of gold and silver? 
 SSC MTS 10/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Bronze  (b) Constantan 
 (c) Solder  (d) Electrum 
 Sol.33.(d) Electrum  .  Some other alloys: 
 Steel  (Carbon  and  Iron).  Stainless  steel  - 
 (Iron  with  Chromium  and  Nickel).  German 
 silver  -  (copper,  zinc  and  nickel).  Rose 
 Metal  -  (Bismuth  ,  Lead  and  Tin).  Gun 
 Metal  -  (Cu  +  Sn  +  Zn  +  Pb).  Dutch  metal- 
 (Cu  and  Zn).  Constantan  (Eureka)  -  Alloy 
 of  55%  Copper  and  45%  Nickel.  Solder  -  It 
 is made up of Tin and Lead. 
 Q.34.  Which  of  the  following  is  a  non  - 
 metal that can exist in different form? 
 SSC MTS 12/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Mercury  (b) Carbon 
 (c) Lithium  (d) Potassium 
 Sol.34.(b)  Carbon  (C)  .  Atomic  number  - 
 6.  Belongs  to  the  14th  group.  It  is  a 
 tetravalent  which  makes  a  chemical 
 bond  with  four  electrons.  Each  form  of 
 carbon  is  called  an  allotrope.  Diamond 
 (an  allotrope  of  carbon)  is  the  hardest 
 natural  substance  known  and  has  a  very 
 high  melting  and  boiling  point.  Graphite, 
 another  allotrope  of  carbon,  is  a 
 conductor of electricity. 
 Q.35.  What  is  the  characteristic  of 
 isotopes ? 
 SSC MTS 18/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Same neutron and same proton 
 (b) Same atomic number and different 
 mass number 
 (c) Same atomic number and same mass 
 number 
 (d) Same neutron and different proton 
 Sol.35.(b)  An  example  of  a  group  of 
 isotopes  is  hydrogen-1  (protium), 
 hydrogen-2  (deuterium),  and  hydrogen-3 
 (tritium).  Isodiaphers  -  They  are  atoms  of 
 different  elements  that  have  the  same 
 difference  between  the  number  of 
 protons  and  the  number  of  neutrons. 
 Example  : Carbon-12 and Nitrogen-14. 
 Q.36.  Which  of  the  following  metals  is 
 always a component in an amalgam? 
 SSC MTS 15/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Strontium  (b) Mercury 
 (c) Zinc  (d) Aluminium 
 Sol.36.(b)  Mercury.  Amalgam  is  an  alloy 
 of  mercury  with  one  or  more  metals.  The 
 most  common  amalgam  is  dental 
 amalgam,  which  is  used  to  ?ll  cavities  in 
 teeth.  Dental  amalgam  is  a  mixture  of 
 mercury, silver, tin, and copper. 
 Q.37.  Oxides  of  ____  and  ______  dissolve 
 in  rain  water  and  form  acids  which  are 
 called acid rain. 
 SSC MTS 16/06/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) phosphorous, sulphur 
 (b) sulphur, nitrogen 
 (c) carbon dioxide, methane 
 (d) calcium, magnesium 
 Sol.37.(b) Sulphur, nitrogen. Acid Rain - 
 When the pH of the rain water drops 
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Page 4


 Pinnacle  Chemistry 
 Chemistry 
 Structure of Atom 
 Q.1.  Identify  whether  the  given 
 statements  about  ionisation  energy  are 
 correct or incorrect. 
 Statement A: 
 The  ionisation  energy  of  an  atom  is  the 
 amount  of  energy  that  is  required  to 
 remove  an  electron  from  a  mole  of 
 atoms in the gas phase. 
 Statement B: 
 The  ionisation  energy  increases  from  top 
 to  bottom  in  groups  and  decreases  from 
 left to right across a period. 
 SSC CPO 04/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Only Statement B is correct 
 (b) Only Statement A is correct 
 (c) Both Statements A and B are correct 
 (d) Both Statements A and B are 
 incorrect 
 Sol.1.(b)  Only  Statement  A  is  correct. 
 The  ionization  energy  decreases  from 
 top  to  bottom  in  groups,  and  increases 
 from  left  to  right  across  a  period.  Thus, 
 helium  has  the  largest  ionization  energy, 
 while Caesium has the lowest. 
 Q.2.  In  which  year  did  Carl  Anderson 
 discover  a  positively  charged  particle 
 called  "positron'  whose  mass  appears  to 
 be equal to the mass of an electron? 
 SSC CHSL 07/08/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) 1912   (b) 1932   (c) 1922   (d) 1942 
 Sol.2.(b)  1932.  Electron  -  J.J.  Thomson 
 (1897).  Proton  -  E.  Rutherford.  Neutron  - 
 James Chadwick (1932). 
 Q.3.  In  which  year  did  Niels  Bohr  propose 
 a  theory  for  the  hydrogen  atom  based  on 
 the  quantum  theory  that  some  physical 
 quantities take only discrete values? 
 SSC CHSL 09/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) 1919   (b) 1921  (c) 1909  (d) 1913 
 Sol.3.(d)  1913.  Niels  Bohr  received  the 
 Nobel  Prize  in  1922  "for  his  services  in 
 the  investigation  of  the  structure  of 
 atoms  and  of  the  radiation  emanating 
 from them"  . 
 Q.4.  Which  are  the  four  quantum 
 numbers  for  an  electron  present  in  4f 
 orbital? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) n = 4,  = 3, m = +1, s = +  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 (b) n = 3,  = 2, m = - 2, s = +  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 (c) n = 4,  = 4, m = - 4, s = -  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 (d) n = 4,  = 3, m = +4, s = +  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 Sol.4.(a)  n  =  4,  l  =  3,  m  =  +  1,  s  =  +  . 
 1    
 2 
 There  are  four  quantum  numbers: 
 Principal  (n)  -  It  refers  to  the  electron 
 shell  with  the  most  electrons,  giving  the 
 electron's  likely  distance  from  the 
 nucleus.  Azimuthal  (l)  -  It  is  de?ned  as 
 the  determination  of  the  shape  of  an 
 orbital.  Magnetic  (m)  -  The  subshell's 
 overall  number  of  orbitals  and  their 
 orientation.  Spin  (s)  -  The  values  of  n,  l, 
 and  m 
 l 
 have  no  bearing  on  the  electron. 
 The  4s  subshell  contains  1  orbital  and 
 can  hold  up  to  2  electrons.  The  4p 
 subshell  contains  3  orbitals  and  can  hold 
 up  to  6  electrons.  The  4d  subshell 
 contains  5  orbitals  and  can  hold  up  to  10 
 electrons.The  4f  subshell  has  7  orbitals 
 and can hold up to 14 electrons. 
 Q.5.  The  correct  electronic  con?guration 
 of Cu is : 
 SSC CHSL 07/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) [Ar]3d 
 9 
 4s 
 2 
 (b) [Kr]3d 
 9 
 4s 
 2 
 (c) [Kr]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 (d) [Ar]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 Sol.5.(d)  [Ar]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 .  Copper  (Cu)  - 
 Atomic  number  (29),  Electronic 
 con?guration  -  1s²  2s²  2p6  3s²  3p6  4s¹ 
 3d 
 10 
 or [Ar]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 . 
 Q.6.  What  does  it  mean  when  an  object 
 has a positive charge ? 
 SSC MTS 19/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) It has more electrons than protons 
 (b) It has more protons than electrons 
 (c) It has more neutrons than electrons 
 (d) It has more neutrons than protons 
 Sol.6.(b)  An  electron  is  negatively 
 charged  particle  and  protons  are 
 positively charged particles. 
 Q.7.  What  is  the  relative  charge  of  a 
 proton and neutron? 
 SSC MTS 15/06/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) -1 and +1 respectively 
 (b) +1 and -1 respectively 
 (c) +1 and 0 respectively 
 (d) -1 and 0 respectively 
 Sol.7.(c) +1 and 0 respectively. 
 Q.8.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  of 
 'number - composition' is correct? 
 I. Atomic number - number of protons 
 II. Mass number - Sum of number of 
 neutrons and protons 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Only I  (b) Neither I nor II 
 (c) Both I and II  (d) Only II 
 Sol.8.(c) Both I and II.  As atomic number 
 increases,  subsequently  mass  number 
 also increases. 
 Q.9.  What is the atomic mass of sodium? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) 32  (b) 40  (c) 23  (d) 12 
 Sol.9.(c)  23.  Sodium  (Na)  is  an  alkali 
 metal.  Atomic  number  -  11,  Group  -  1  and 
 Period  -  3,  Sodium  is  a  solid  at  room 
 temperature.  Uses  -  Soaps,  the  puri?cation 
 of  molten  metals  and  sodium  vapour 
 lamps. 
 Q.10.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 correct  representation  of  number  of 
 atoms? 
 SSC CHSL 14/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) (  ) × 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 (b) (  ) × 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 ??????????        ???????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 (c) (  ) × 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ??????????        ???????? 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 (d) (  ) × 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 Sol.10.(a)  (  )  ×  Avogadro 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 number  .  Avogadro  number:  6.022  ×  10²³. 
 Molar  mass  of  a  substance  is  the  mass 
 (in grams) of one mole of the compound. 
 Q.11.  What  is  the  maximum  number  of 
 electrons  that  the  third  orbit  or  M-shell 
 can have? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) 32  (b) 8  (c) 18  (d) 2 
 Sol.11.(c)  18  .  The  maximum  number  of 
 electrons  accommodated  in  a  shell 
 based  on  principal  quantum  number  (n). 
 It  is  represented  by  the  formula  2n 
 2 
 . 
 K  shell,  n  =  1,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  1 
 2 
 =  2. 
 L  shell,  n  =  2,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  2 
 2 
 =  8. 
 M  shell,  n  =  3,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  3 
 2 
 =  18. 
 N shell, n = 4, Max Electron = 2 × 4 
 2 
 = 32. 
 Q.12.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is  NOT  correct  regarding  Rutherford's 
 nuclear model of an atom? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) The size of the nucleus is very large 
 as compared to the size of the atom. 
 (b) The electrons revolve around the 
 nucleus in circular paths. 
 (c) There is a positively charged centre in 
 an atom called the nucleus. 
 (d) Nearly all the mass of an atom 
 resides in the nucleus. 
 Sol.12.(a)  According  to  Rutherford’s 
 nuclear  model  of  an  atom,  nucleus  is 
 very  small  in  size  as  compared  to  the 
 size  of  the  atom.  Rutherford  explained 
 the  revolving  of  electrons  around  the 
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 Pinnacle  Chemistry 
 nucleus,  however,  he  did  not  mention 
 how  the  electrons  were  placed  inside, 
 which  ended  up  making  Rutherford’s 
 model an incomplete model of the atom. 
 Q.13.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  of 
 'elements - valency' is correct? 
 I. Boron - 2 
 II. Fluorine - 3 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Neither I nor II  (b) Both I and II 
 (c) Only II  (d) Only I 
 Sol.13.(a)  Neither  I  nor  II.  Valency  - 
 Combining  power  of  an  element.  Valency 
 of  some  elements  :  Aluminium  (+3),  Boron 
 (+3), ?uorine (-1). 
 Q.14.  Which  theory  discusses  the 
 relationship  between  ligand  bonding  and 
 degradation  of  d  orbitals  in  metal 
 complexes  and  the  geometry  of  metal 
 complexes and the splitting of d orbitals? 
 SSC CGL 05/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Crystal ?eld theory (CFT) 
 (b) Ligand ?eld theory (LFT) 
 (c) Valence bond theory (VBT) 
 (d) Molecular orbital theory (MOT) 
 Sol.14.(a)  Crystal  ?eld  theory:  (1929, 
 developed  by  physicist  Hans  Bethe) 
 describes  the  breaking  of  orbital 
 degeneracy  in  transition  metal 
 complexes  due  to  the  presence  of 
 ligands. 
 Q.15.  What  kind  of  forces  arise  from 
 transient  dipoles  in  atoms  that  induce 
 transient  dipoles  in  nearby  atoms, 
 produce  an  attractive  force  and  are 
 signi?cant  only  over  short  distances 
 (~500 pm) ? 
 SSC CGL 02/12/2022 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Dipole-dipole forces 
 (b) London dispersion forces 
 (c) Dipole-induced dipole forces 
 (d) Hydrogen bond 
 Sol.15.(b)  London  Dispersion  forces. 
 Dipole  –  Dipole  Force  is  a  form  of 
 intermolecular  force  that  occurs  when  a 
 polar  molecule  interacts  with  a  non-polar 
 molecule  .  Dipole-induced  dipole  force  is 
 a  type  of  attractive  force  that  operates 
 between  the  polar  molecules  having 
 permanent  dipole  and  the  molecules 
 lacking permanent dipole. 
 Q.16.  In 1898, whose theory propounded 
 that  the  ions/groups  bonded  to  the  metal 
 by  secondary  bonding  have  spatial 
 arrangements corresponding to different 
 characteristics coordination number? 
 SSC CPO 09/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Henry Taube  (b) Alfred Werner 
 (c) Erich Huckel  (d) Emil Fischer 
 Sol.16.(b)  Alfred  Werner.  Nobel  Prize  for 
 Chemistry  (1913).  Henry  Taube  -  Nobel 
 Prize  in  Chemistry  (1983  -  “for  his  studies 
 of  the  mechanisms  of  electron  transfer  in 
 metal complexes”). 
 Q.17.  What  is  the  atomicity  of 
 Phosphorus? 
 SSC CPO 10/11/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Poly-atomic  (b) Monoatomic 
 (c) Diatomic  (d) Tetra-atomic 
 Sol.17.(d)  Tetra-atomic.  Atomicity  is  the 
 total  number  of  atoms  present  in  a 
 molecule.  Polyatomic  (composed  of 
 three  or  more  atoms).  Phosphorus  was 
 ?rst made by Hennig Brandt in 1669. 
 Q.18.  Which  formula  is  used  to  represent 
 the  three-dimensional  structures  of 
 molecules  using  a  two-dimensional 
 surface  like  a  sheet  of  paper  or  a 
 computer screen? 
 SSC CPO 11/11/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Bond-line formula 
 (b) Lewis structure formula 
 (c) Dash-wedge formula 
 (d) Condensed structural formula 
 Sol.18.(c)  Dash-wedge  formula.  Bond  - 
 line  formula  is  used  for  every  bond 
 represented as a line in a zigzag manner. 
 Q.19.  In  the  electronic  con?guration  of 
 an  atom,  What  does  ‘n’  signify  in  the 
 formula 2n 
 2 
 ? 
 SSC CHSL 27/05/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) The number of electrons 
 (b) The number of protons 
 (c) The number of the given shell from 
 the nucleus 
 (d) The number of valence electrons 
 present 
 Sol.19.(c)  The  electronic  con?guration  of 
 an  element  describes  how  electrons  are 
 distributed  in  its  atomic  orbitals.  The 
 maximum  number  of  electrons  that  can 
 be  accommodated  in  a  shell  is  based  on 
 the  principal  quantum  number  (n)  and  is 
 represented  by  the  formula  2n 
 2 
 ,  where  'n' 
 is the shell number. 
 Q.20.  According  to  Dalton’s  atomic 
 theory,  atoms  combine  in  the  ratio  of 
 small whole numbers to form ______. 
 SSC MTS 2/11/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) neutrons  (b) molecules 
 (c) protons  (d) compounds 
 Sol.20.(d)  Compounds  .  John  Dalton  is 
 considered  the  ‘Father  of  Modern  Atomic 
 Theory’.  Dalton's  atomic  theory  (1808) 
 was  the  ?rst  complete  attempt  to 
 describe  all  matter  in  terms  of  atoms  and 
 their properties. 
 Q.21.  If  the  size  of  the  nucleus  of  an 
 atom  is  compared  with  a  cricket  ball, 
 then  the  radius  of  the  atom  is 
 approximately  equal  to  how  many 
 kilometers? 
 SSC CPO 23/11/2020 (Morning) 
 (a) 5  (b) 0.5  (c) 0.05       (d) 0.005 
 Sol.21.(a)  5  km.  The  radius  of  the  atom 
 is  10 
 -10 
 m,  and  the  radius  of  nucleus  is 
 10 
 -15 
 m. 
 Q.22.  The  ?rst  electron  shell  which  is  the 
 nearest  to  the  nucleus  never  holds  more 
 than 'n' electrons, where 'n' is equal to: 
 SSC CGL 6/03/2020 (Afternoon) 
 (a) 2  (b) 8  (c) 4  (d) 6 
 Sol.22.(a)  2.  The  maximum  number  of 
 electrons  accommodated  in  a  shell 
 based  on  principal  quantum  number  (n). 
 It  is  represented  by  the  formula  2n 
 2 
 . 
 K  shell,  n  =  1,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  1 
 2 
 =  2. 
 L  shell,  n  =  2,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  2 
 2 
 =  8. 
 M  shell,  n  =  3,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  3 
 2 
 =  18. 
 N shell, n = 4, Max Electron = 2 × 4 
 2 
 = 32. 
 Metals, Non-metals and Alloys 
 Q.23.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  an 
 alkaline earth metal? 
 SSC Stenographer 12/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Na  (b) Mg  (c) Ca  (d) Be 
 Sol.23.(a)  Na  (Sodium)  -  It  is  an  Alkali 
 metal.  Alkaline  earth  metals:  Beryllium 
 (Be,  4),  Magnesium  (Mg,  12),  Calcium 
 (Ca,  20),  Strontium  (Sr,  38),  Barium  (Ba, 
 56),  Radium  (Ra,  88).  They  have  two 
 electrons  in  their  outermost  shells.  Alkali 
 metals:  Lithium  (Li,  3),  Sodium  (Na,  11), 
 Potassium  (K,  19),  Rubidium  (Rb,  37), 
 Caesium (Cs, 55), Francium (Fr, 87). 
 Q.24.  What  is  the  name  of  the  seventh 
 most  abundant  metal  in  the  earth's  crust, 
 which  is  derived  from  the  medieval  Latin 
 word 'Kalium' ? 
 SSC MTS 01/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Aluminium  (b) Magnesium 
 (c) Calcium  (d) Potassium 
 Sol.24.(d)  Potassium.  It  makes  up  2.4% 
 by  mass  of  the  Earth  crust.  Aluminium  is 
 the  most  abundant  metal  and  Oxygen  is 
 the  most  abundant  non-metal  found  in 
 the  earth's  crust.  Eight  most  abundant 
 elements  in  the  Earth's  crust  are  Oxygen 
 (O),  Silicon  (Si),  Aluminium  (Al),  Calcium 
 (Ca),  Iron  (Fe),  Magnesium  (Mg),  Sodium 
 (Na), and Potassium (K). 
 Q.25.  Which chemical element with 
 atomic number 35 has a dark 
 reddish-brown liquid with a burning 
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 Pinnacle  Chemistry 
 pungent odour ? 
 SSC MTS 06/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Tennessine  (b) Chlorine 
 (c) Astatine  (d) Bromine 
 Sol.25.(d)  Bromine  (Br)  is  the  third 
 halogen,  a  nonmetal  in  group  17  of  the 
 periodic  table.  Products  containing 
 bromine  used  in  agriculture  and 
 sanitation and as ?re retardants. 
 Q.26.  An  image  of  which  of  the  following 
 elements  is  shown  by  the  map  of  Cyprus 
 from which the element got its name ? 
 SSC MTS 13/09/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Silver  (b) Cobalt 
 (c) Copper  (d) Sulphur 
 Sol.26.(c)  Copper  (Cu,  Atomic  no  29).  It 
 is  a  good  conductor  of  heat  and 
 electricity.  It  is  in  group  11,  period  4  and 
 block  ‘d’  of  the  periodic  table.  It  was  the 
 ?rst metal used by man on earth. 
 Q.27.  Which  radioactive  isotope  has  a 
 half-life  of  5770  years,  which  is 
 commonly  used  to  estimate  the  age  of 
 organic  materials  such  as  paper  and 
 parchment ? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) 
 9 
 C  (b) 
 12 
 C  (c) 
 14 
 C  (d) 
 17 
 C 
 Sol.27.(c) 
 14 
 C  -  It  is  an  unstable  and 
 weakly  radioactive  isotope  of  carbon. 
 Three  Natural  isotopes  of  carbon  : 
 12 
 C, 
 13 
 C  and 
 14 
 C.  Isotopes  -  Atoms  of  the 
 same  element  having  the  same  atomic 
 number  but  different  mass  numbers.  For 
 example,  take  the  case  of  hydrogen 
 atom,  it  has  three  atomic  species, 
 namely  protium  ( 
 1 
 1 
 H),  deuterium  ( 
 2 
 1 
 H  or 
 D)  and  tritium  ( 
 3 
 1 
 H  or  T).  The  atomic 
 number  of  each  one  is  1,  but  the  mass 
 number is 1, 2 and 3, respectively. 
 Q.28.  Which  metal  ion  released  from  the 
 tannery  industry  causes  acute  water 
 pollution? 
 SSC CHSL 09/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Mg  (b) As  (c) Cr  (d) Zn 
 Sol.28.(c)  Chromium  (Cr).  Tannery 
 Wastewaters:  It  contains  Hairs,  proteins, 
 acids,  alkalis,  chromium  salts,  sulphides, 
 chlorides, tannins, solvents, dyes. 
 Q.29.  What  is  the  most  stable  mineral 
 during the process of weathering? 
 SSC CHSL 10/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Quartz  (b) Olivine 
 (c) Pyroxene  (d) Amphibole 
 Sol.29.(a)  Quartz  (felsic  mineral).  Iron 
 oxides,  Al-hydroxides,  clay  minerals  and 
 quartz  are  the  most  stable  weathered 
 products  whereas  highly  soluble 
 minerals  like  halite  are  the  least  stable. 
 Silicates  fall  within  the  middle  range. 
 Ma?c  silicates  like  olivine,  pyroxene  or 
 amphibole  breakdown  relatively  easily. 
 Weathering  -  The  breaking  down  or 
 dissolving  of  rocks  and  minerals  on 
 Earth's  surface.  Types  of  weathering: 
 Chemical,  Physical  and  Biological 
 Weathering. 
 Q.30.  From  which  Latin  word  is  the  s 
 block element calcium derived? 
 SSC CGL 14/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Calx  (b) Calum  (c) Coleus  (d) Calcio 
 Sol.30.(a)  Calx  (calcium  hydroxide)  . 
 Formula  -  Ca(OH) 
 2 
 .  It  is  used  in  industrial 
 settings,  such  as  sewage  treatment, 
 paper  production,  construction,  and  food 
 processing.  Calum  (calcium  carbonate): 
 Formula - CaCO 
 3 
 . 
 Q.31.  Which  element  of  Group  17  has 
 two  isotopes  of  masses  35  and  37  amu 
 with  average  abundance  of  75.77%  and 
 24.23%, respectively? 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Chlorine  (b) lodine 
 (c) Fluorine  (d) Astatine 
 Sol.31.(a)  Chlorine.  Element  of  Group  17 
 :  The  halogens  are  located  on  the  left  of 
 the  noble  gases  on  the  periodic  table. 
 These  ?ve  toxic,  non-metallic  elements 
 make  up  Group  17  of  the  periodic  table 
 and  consist  of  :  ?uorine  (9,  F),  chlorine 
 (17,  Cl),  bromine  (35,  Br),  iodine  (53,  I), 
 and astatine (85, At). 
 Q.32.  Which  of  the  following  are 
 metalloids? 
 SSC CGL 18/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Boron, oxygen, aluminium 
 (b) Boron, mercury, iron 
 (c) Boron, silicon, antimony 
 (d) Aluminium, mercury, copper 
 Sol.32.(c)  Boron,  silicon,  antimony. 
 Metalloids  -  Chemical  elements  whose 
 physical  and  chemical  properties  fall  in 
 between  the  metal  and  non-metal 
 categories  .  Seven  most  widely 
 recognized  metalloids  -  Boron, 
 germanium,  silicon,  antimony,  arsenic, 
 tellurium and polonium. 
 Q.33.  Which  among  the  following  alloys 
 is a combination of gold and silver? 
 SSC MTS 10/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Bronze  (b) Constantan 
 (c) Solder  (d) Electrum 
 Sol.33.(d) Electrum  .  Some other alloys: 
 Steel  (Carbon  and  Iron).  Stainless  steel  - 
 (Iron  with  Chromium  and  Nickel).  German 
 silver  -  (copper,  zinc  and  nickel).  Rose 
 Metal  -  (Bismuth  ,  Lead  and  Tin).  Gun 
 Metal  -  (Cu  +  Sn  +  Zn  +  Pb).  Dutch  metal- 
 (Cu  and  Zn).  Constantan  (Eureka)  -  Alloy 
 of  55%  Copper  and  45%  Nickel.  Solder  -  It 
 is made up of Tin and Lead. 
 Q.34.  Which  of  the  following  is  a  non  - 
 metal that can exist in different form? 
 SSC MTS 12/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Mercury  (b) Carbon 
 (c) Lithium  (d) Potassium 
 Sol.34.(b)  Carbon  (C)  .  Atomic  number  - 
 6.  Belongs  to  the  14th  group.  It  is  a 
 tetravalent  which  makes  a  chemical 
 bond  with  four  electrons.  Each  form  of 
 carbon  is  called  an  allotrope.  Diamond 
 (an  allotrope  of  carbon)  is  the  hardest 
 natural  substance  known  and  has  a  very 
 high  melting  and  boiling  point.  Graphite, 
 another  allotrope  of  carbon,  is  a 
 conductor of electricity. 
 Q.35.  What  is  the  characteristic  of 
 isotopes ? 
 SSC MTS 18/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Same neutron and same proton 
 (b) Same atomic number and different 
 mass number 
 (c) Same atomic number and same mass 
 number 
 (d) Same neutron and different proton 
 Sol.35.(b)  An  example  of  a  group  of 
 isotopes  is  hydrogen-1  (protium), 
 hydrogen-2  (deuterium),  and  hydrogen-3 
 (tritium).  Isodiaphers  -  They  are  atoms  of 
 different  elements  that  have  the  same 
 difference  between  the  number  of 
 protons  and  the  number  of  neutrons. 
 Example  : Carbon-12 and Nitrogen-14. 
 Q.36.  Which  of  the  following  metals  is 
 always a component in an amalgam? 
 SSC MTS 15/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Strontium  (b) Mercury 
 (c) Zinc  (d) Aluminium 
 Sol.36.(b)  Mercury.  Amalgam  is  an  alloy 
 of  mercury  with  one  or  more  metals.  The 
 most  common  amalgam  is  dental 
 amalgam,  which  is  used  to  ?ll  cavities  in 
 teeth.  Dental  amalgam  is  a  mixture  of 
 mercury, silver, tin, and copper. 
 Q.37.  Oxides  of  ____  and  ______  dissolve 
 in  rain  water  and  form  acids  which  are 
 called acid rain. 
 SSC MTS 16/06/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) phosphorous, sulphur 
 (b) sulphur, nitrogen 
 (c) carbon dioxide, methane 
 (d) calcium, magnesium 
 Sol.37.(b) Sulphur, nitrogen. Acid Rain - 
 When the pH of the rain water drops 
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 below  5.6,  it  is  called  acid  rain.  Acid  rain 
 damages  buildings  and  other  structures 
 made  of  stone  or  metal.  The  main  reason 
 for  this  is  air  pollution  caused  by  the 
 burning  of  fossil  fuels.  The  Taj  Mahal  has 
 been affected by acid rain. 
 Q.38.  Which  among  the  following  alloys 
 is made up of copper and zinc? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Monel Metal  (b) Magnalium 
 (c) Rolled Gold  (d) Dutch Metal 
 Sol.38.(d)  Dutch  Metal.  Monel  metal: 
 Group  of  alloys  of  Copper  and  Nickel. 
 Uses:  marine  engineering,  chemical  and 
 hydrocarbon  processing  equipment, 
 valves,  pumps,  shafts,  ?ttings,  fasteners, 
 and  heat  exchangers,  Magnalium: 
 Mixture  of  magnesium  and  aluminium, 
 used  in  making  aircrafts  and  automobile 
 parts,  Rolled  gold:  An  alloy  of  Copper 
 and  Aluminium,  used  for  making  cheap 
 ornaments. 
 Q.39.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is correct ? 
 SSC CHSL 14/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Metals react with acids and produce 
 metal salts and hydrogen gas. 
 (b) Non - metals react with oxygen to 
 produce non - metallic oxides which 
 are basic in nature. 
 (c) On burning, metals react with oxygen 
 to produce metal oxides which are 
 acidic in nature. 
 (d) Less reactive metals displace more 
 reactive metals from their compounds 
 in aqueous solutions. 
 Sol.39.(a)  Example  -  Fe  (Iron)  +  H 
 2 
 SO 
 4 
 (sulfuric  acid)  ?  FeSO 
 4 
 (ferrous  sulfate) 
 +  H 
 2 
 (hydrogen).  Non  -  metals  react  with 
 oxygen  -  produce  nonmetallic  oxides 
 (Acidic),  Example  -  S  (Sulphur)  +  O 
 2 
 (Oxygen)  ?  SO 
 2 
 (Sulphur  Dioxide). 
 Metals  react  with  oxygen  -  Produce 
 metallic  oxides  (Basic)  ,  Example  -  Mg 
 (Magnesium)  +  O 
 2 
 (Oxygen)  ?  MgO 
 (Magnesium Oxide). 
 Q.40.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is/are NOT correct ? 
 I.  The  property  of  metals  by  which  they 
 can  be  beaten  into  thin  sheets  is  called 
 malleability. 
 II. The property of metal by which it can 
 being drawn into wires is called ductility. 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Neither I nor II  (b) Both I and II 
 (c) Only I  (d) Only II 
 Sol.40.(a)  Neither  I  nor  II  .  Malleability  - 
 The  property  of  metals  to  be  beaten  into 
 thin  sheets  .  Examples  -  Copper,  silver. 
 Ductility  -  The  property  of  metal  to  be 
 drawn  into  wires.  Examples  -  Gold,  silver 
 and  copper.  Density  and  melting  point  of 
 metals is high. 
 Q.41.  Which  of  the  following  liquids  can 
 dissolve noble metals such as gold and 
 platinum? 
 SSC CPO 10/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Formic acid  (b) Aqua regia 
 (c) Acetic acid  (d) Chloroform 
 Sol.41.(b)  Aqua  regia  is  a  mixture  of 
 hydrochloric  acid  and  nitric  acid  present 
 in  the  ratio  3:1.  Formic  acid  (methanoic 
 acid,  chemical  formula  -  HCOOH  )  is  the 
 simplest  carboxylic  acid  ,used  as  a 
 preservative and antibacterial agent. 
 Q.42.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is  NOT  correct  regarding  the  alkali 
 metals? 
 SSC CPO 11/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) All the alkali metals are silvery white, 
 soft and light metals. 
 (b) The ionization enthalpies of the alkali 
 metals are considerably low and 
 decrease down the group from. 
 (c) Group 1 metals are known as alkali 
 metals. 
 (d) All the alkali metals have two valence 
 electrons. 
 Sol.42.(d)  Alkali  metals  have  one 
 electron  in  their  valence  shell.  Group  1A 
 of  the  periodic  table  are  the  alkali  metals: 
 Hydrogen  (H,  1),  Lithium  (Li,  3),  Sodium 
 (Na,  11),  Potassium  (K  ,  19),  Rubidium 
 (Rb,  37),  Cesium  (Cs,  55),  and  Francium 
 (Fr , 87). 
 Q.43.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is INCORRECT? 
 SSC MTS 11/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Metals are used in making cookware. 
 (b) Metals are used in the manufacture 
 of automobiles. 
 (c) Living beings inhale metals during 
 respiration. 
 (d) Metals are used in manufacturing 
 jewellery. 
 Sol.43.(c)  Living  beings  do  not  inhale 
 metals  during  respiration.  Humans  get 
 the  oxygen  they  need  by  breathing 
 through  their  nose  and  mouth  into  their 
 lungs.  Normal  respiration  rates  for  an 
 adult  person  at  rest  range  from  12  to  16 
 breaths per minute. 
 Q.44.  Choose  the  most  reactive  metal 
 from the options given below. 
 SSC MTS 06/07/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Copper  (b) Zinc  (c) Sodium  (d) Iron 
 Sol.44.(c) Sodium.  Reactive metals in 
 order:  Potassium  (Most  reactive  metal), 
 Sodium,  Barium,  Calcium,  Magnesium, 
 Aluminium,  Zinc,  Iron,  Nickel,  Tin,  Lead, 
 Hydrogen,  Copper,  Mercury,  Silver,  Gold, 
 Platinum (Least Reactive). 
 Q.45.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is INCORRECT ? 
 SSC MTS 15/07/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Metals react with oxygen to form 
 basic oxides. 
 (b) Non-metals are malleable 
 (c) Non-metals do not produce any sound 
 (d) Metals have low ionisation enthalpy 
 Sol.45.(b)  Physical  Properties  of  Non 
 metals:  Poor  conductors  of  electricity 
 and  heat,  Non-malleable  nor  ductile, 
 Brittle  solids,  May  be  solids,  liquids,  or 
 gases  at  room  temperature,  These  are 
 not sonorous, and Transparent. 
 Q.46.  Which  of  the  following  metals 
 reacts violently with cold water? 
 SSC MTS 25/07/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Magnesium  (b) Aluminium 
 (c) Zinc  (d) Potassium 
 Sol.46.(d)  Potassium  and  sodium  react 
 violently  with  cold  water,  where  sodium 
 reacts  slightly  stronger  than  Potassium. 
 The  reaction  is  exothermic  in  nature  and 
 in each reaction, hydrogen gas is given 
 off and the metal hydroxide is produced. 
 Q.47.  Which  of  the  following  metals 
 having  atomic  number  3  is  a  soft,  silvery 
 metal  with  very  low  density  that  reacts 
 vigorously  with  water  and  corrodes 
 quickly in air? 
 SSC CHSL 24/05/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Potassium  (b) Sodium 
 (c) Lithium  (d) Rubidium 
 Sol.47.(c)  Lithium.  It  has  the  lowest 
 density  of  all  metals.  Lithium  is  the  ?rst 
 of  the  alkalis  metals  in  the  periodic  table. 
 It  is  highly  reactive  and  does  not  occur 
 freely  in  nature.  Lithium  is  the  only  alkali 
 metal that reacts with nitrogen. 
 Q.48.  Identify  the  INCORRECT  pair  with 
 respect  to  the  substances  and  their 
 speci?c  heat  capacity  (J  )  at  ???? 
- 1 
 ?? 
- 1 
 room  temperature  and  atmospheric 
 pressure. 
 SSC CHSL 26/05/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Aluminium – 900.0 
 (b) Water – 1200 
 (c) Carbon – 506.5 
 (d) Tungsten – 134.4 
 Sol.48.(b) Water  has a speci?c heat 
 capacity  of  4186  Jkg 
 -1 
 K 
 -1 
 .  Speci?c  heat 
 of  some  substance-  Iron/Steel-  450, 
 Copper-  390,  Silver-  230,  Mercury-  140, 
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 Pinnacle  Chemistry 
 Chemistry 
 Structure of Atom 
 Q.1.  Identify  whether  the  given 
 statements  about  ionisation  energy  are 
 correct or incorrect. 
 Statement A: 
 The  ionisation  energy  of  an  atom  is  the 
 amount  of  energy  that  is  required  to 
 remove  an  electron  from  a  mole  of 
 atoms in the gas phase. 
 Statement B: 
 The  ionisation  energy  increases  from  top 
 to  bottom  in  groups  and  decreases  from 
 left to right across a period. 
 SSC CPO 04/10/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Only Statement B is correct 
 (b) Only Statement A is correct 
 (c) Both Statements A and B are correct 
 (d) Both Statements A and B are 
 incorrect 
 Sol.1.(b)  Only  Statement  A  is  correct. 
 The  ionization  energy  decreases  from 
 top  to  bottom  in  groups,  and  increases 
 from  left  to  right  across  a  period.  Thus, 
 helium  has  the  largest  ionization  energy, 
 while Caesium has the lowest. 
 Q.2.  In  which  year  did  Carl  Anderson 
 discover  a  positively  charged  particle 
 called  "positron'  whose  mass  appears  to 
 be equal to the mass of an electron? 
 SSC CHSL 07/08/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) 1912   (b) 1932   (c) 1922   (d) 1942 
 Sol.2.(b)  1932.  Electron  -  J.J.  Thomson 
 (1897).  Proton  -  E.  Rutherford.  Neutron  - 
 James Chadwick (1932). 
 Q.3.  In  which  year  did  Niels  Bohr  propose 
 a  theory  for  the  hydrogen  atom  based  on 
 the  quantum  theory  that  some  physical 
 quantities take only discrete values? 
 SSC CHSL 09/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) 1919   (b) 1921  (c) 1909  (d) 1913 
 Sol.3.(d)  1913.  Niels  Bohr  received  the 
 Nobel  Prize  in  1922  "for  his  services  in 
 the  investigation  of  the  structure  of 
 atoms  and  of  the  radiation  emanating 
 from them"  . 
 Q.4.  Which  are  the  four  quantum 
 numbers  for  an  electron  present  in  4f 
 orbital? 
 SSC CHSL 03/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) n = 4,  = 3, m = +1, s = +  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 (b) n = 3,  = 2, m = - 2, s = +  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 (c) n = 4,  = 4, m = - 4, s = -  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 (d) n = 4,  = 3, m = +4, s = +  ?? 
 1 
 2 
 Sol.4.(a)  n  =  4,  l  =  3,  m  =  +  1,  s  =  +  . 
 1    
 2 
 There  are  four  quantum  numbers: 
 Principal  (n)  -  It  refers  to  the  electron 
 shell  with  the  most  electrons,  giving  the 
 electron's  likely  distance  from  the 
 nucleus.  Azimuthal  (l)  -  It  is  de?ned  as 
 the  determination  of  the  shape  of  an 
 orbital.  Magnetic  (m)  -  The  subshell's 
 overall  number  of  orbitals  and  their 
 orientation.  Spin  (s)  -  The  values  of  n,  l, 
 and  m 
 l 
 have  no  bearing  on  the  electron. 
 The  4s  subshell  contains  1  orbital  and 
 can  hold  up  to  2  electrons.  The  4p 
 subshell  contains  3  orbitals  and  can  hold 
 up  to  6  electrons.  The  4d  subshell 
 contains  5  orbitals  and  can  hold  up  to  10 
 electrons.The  4f  subshell  has  7  orbitals 
 and can hold up to 14 electrons. 
 Q.5.  The  correct  electronic  con?guration 
 of Cu is : 
 SSC CHSL 07/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) [Ar]3d 
 9 
 4s 
 2 
 (b) [Kr]3d 
 9 
 4s 
 2 
 (c) [Kr]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 (d) [Ar]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 Sol.5.(d)  [Ar]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 .  Copper  (Cu)  - 
 Atomic  number  (29),  Electronic 
 con?guration  -  1s²  2s²  2p6  3s²  3p6  4s¹ 
 3d 
 10 
 or [Ar]3d 
 10 
 4s 
 1 
 . 
 Q.6.  What  does  it  mean  when  an  object 
 has a positive charge ? 
 SSC MTS 19/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) It has more electrons than protons 
 (b) It has more protons than electrons 
 (c) It has more neutrons than electrons 
 (d) It has more neutrons than protons 
 Sol.6.(b)  An  electron  is  negatively 
 charged  particle  and  protons  are 
 positively charged particles. 
 Q.7.  What  is  the  relative  charge  of  a 
 proton and neutron? 
 SSC MTS 15/06/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) -1 and +1 respectively 
 (b) +1 and -1 respectively 
 (c) +1 and 0 respectively 
 (d) -1 and 0 respectively 
 Sol.7.(c) +1 and 0 respectively. 
 Q.8.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  of 
 'number - composition' is correct? 
 I. Atomic number - number of protons 
 II. Mass number - Sum of number of 
 neutrons and protons 
 SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Only I  (b) Neither I nor II 
 (c) Both I and II  (d) Only II 
 Sol.8.(c) Both I and II.  As atomic number 
 increases,  subsequently  mass  number 
 also increases. 
 Q.9.  What is the atomic mass of sodium? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) 32  (b) 40  (c) 23  (d) 12 
 Sol.9.(c)  23.  Sodium  (Na)  is  an  alkali 
 metal.  Atomic  number  -  11,  Group  -  1  and 
 Period  -  3,  Sodium  is  a  solid  at  room 
 temperature.  Uses  -  Soaps,  the  puri?cation 
 of  molten  metals  and  sodium  vapour 
 lamps. 
 Q.10.  Which  of  the  following  is  the 
 correct  representation  of  number  of 
 atoms? 
 SSC CHSL 14/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) (  ) × 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 (b) (  ) × 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 ??????????        ???????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 (c) (  ) × 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ??????????        ???????? 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 (d) (  ) × 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ????????????????     ???????????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 Sol.10.(a)  (  )  ×  Avogadro 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 ??????????     ???????? 
 number  .  Avogadro  number:  6.022  ×  10²³. 
 Molar  mass  of  a  substance  is  the  mass 
 (in grams) of one mole of the compound. 
 Q.11.  What  is  the  maximum  number  of 
 electrons  that  the  third  orbit  or  M-shell 
 can have? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) 32  (b) 8  (c) 18  (d) 2 
 Sol.11.(c)  18  .  The  maximum  number  of 
 electrons  accommodated  in  a  shell 
 based  on  principal  quantum  number  (n). 
 It  is  represented  by  the  formula  2n 
 2 
 . 
 K  shell,  n  =  1,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  1 
 2 
 =  2. 
 L  shell,  n  =  2,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  2 
 2 
 =  8. 
 M  shell,  n  =  3,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  3 
 2 
 =  18. 
 N shell, n = 4, Max Electron = 2 × 4 
 2 
 = 32. 
 Q.12.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is  NOT  correct  regarding  Rutherford's 
 nuclear model of an atom? 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) The size of the nucleus is very large 
 as compared to the size of the atom. 
 (b) The electrons revolve around the 
 nucleus in circular paths. 
 (c) There is a positively charged centre in 
 an atom called the nucleus. 
 (d) Nearly all the mass of an atom 
 resides in the nucleus. 
 Sol.12.(a)  According  to  Rutherford’s 
 nuclear  model  of  an  atom,  nucleus  is 
 very  small  in  size  as  compared  to  the 
 size  of  the  atom.  Rutherford  explained 
 the  revolving  of  electrons  around  the 
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 nucleus,  however,  he  did  not  mention 
 how  the  electrons  were  placed  inside, 
 which  ended  up  making  Rutherford’s 
 model an incomplete model of the atom. 
 Q.13.  Which  of  the  following  pairs  of 
 'elements - valency' is correct? 
 I. Boron - 2 
 II. Fluorine - 3 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Neither I nor II  (b) Both I and II 
 (c) Only II  (d) Only I 
 Sol.13.(a)  Neither  I  nor  II.  Valency  - 
 Combining  power  of  an  element.  Valency 
 of  some  elements  :  Aluminium  (+3),  Boron 
 (+3), ?uorine (-1). 
 Q.14.  Which  theory  discusses  the 
 relationship  between  ligand  bonding  and 
 degradation  of  d  orbitals  in  metal 
 complexes  and  the  geometry  of  metal 
 complexes and the splitting of d orbitals? 
 SSC CGL 05/12/2022 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Crystal ?eld theory (CFT) 
 (b) Ligand ?eld theory (LFT) 
 (c) Valence bond theory (VBT) 
 (d) Molecular orbital theory (MOT) 
 Sol.14.(a)  Crystal  ?eld  theory:  (1929, 
 developed  by  physicist  Hans  Bethe) 
 describes  the  breaking  of  orbital 
 degeneracy  in  transition  metal 
 complexes  due  to  the  presence  of 
 ligands. 
 Q.15.  What  kind  of  forces  arise  from 
 transient  dipoles  in  atoms  that  induce 
 transient  dipoles  in  nearby  atoms, 
 produce  an  attractive  force  and  are 
 signi?cant  only  over  short  distances 
 (~500 pm) ? 
 SSC CGL 02/12/2022 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Dipole-dipole forces 
 (b) London dispersion forces 
 (c) Dipole-induced dipole forces 
 (d) Hydrogen bond 
 Sol.15.(b)  London  Dispersion  forces. 
 Dipole  –  Dipole  Force  is  a  form  of 
 intermolecular  force  that  occurs  when  a 
 polar  molecule  interacts  with  a  non-polar 
 molecule  .  Dipole-induced  dipole  force  is 
 a  type  of  attractive  force  that  operates 
 between  the  polar  molecules  having 
 permanent  dipole  and  the  molecules 
 lacking permanent dipole. 
 Q.16.  In 1898, whose theory propounded 
 that  the  ions/groups  bonded  to  the  metal 
 by  secondary  bonding  have  spatial 
 arrangements corresponding to different 
 characteristics coordination number? 
 SSC CPO 09/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Henry Taube  (b) Alfred Werner 
 (c) Erich Huckel  (d) Emil Fischer 
 Sol.16.(b)  Alfred  Werner.  Nobel  Prize  for 
 Chemistry  (1913).  Henry  Taube  -  Nobel 
 Prize  in  Chemistry  (1983  -  “for  his  studies 
 of  the  mechanisms  of  electron  transfer  in 
 metal complexes”). 
 Q.17.  What  is  the  atomicity  of 
 Phosphorus? 
 SSC CPO 10/11/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Poly-atomic  (b) Monoatomic 
 (c) Diatomic  (d) Tetra-atomic 
 Sol.17.(d)  Tetra-atomic.  Atomicity  is  the 
 total  number  of  atoms  present  in  a 
 molecule.  Polyatomic  (composed  of 
 three  or  more  atoms).  Phosphorus  was 
 ?rst made by Hennig Brandt in 1669. 
 Q.18.  Which  formula  is  used  to  represent 
 the  three-dimensional  structures  of 
 molecules  using  a  two-dimensional 
 surface  like  a  sheet  of  paper  or  a 
 computer screen? 
 SSC CPO 11/11/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Bond-line formula 
 (b) Lewis structure formula 
 (c) Dash-wedge formula 
 (d) Condensed structural formula 
 Sol.18.(c)  Dash-wedge  formula.  Bond  - 
 line  formula  is  used  for  every  bond 
 represented as a line in a zigzag manner. 
 Q.19.  In  the  electronic  con?guration  of 
 an  atom,  What  does  ‘n’  signify  in  the 
 formula 2n 
 2 
 ? 
 SSC CHSL 27/05/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) The number of electrons 
 (b) The number of protons 
 (c) The number of the given shell from 
 the nucleus 
 (d) The number of valence electrons 
 present 
 Sol.19.(c)  The  electronic  con?guration  of 
 an  element  describes  how  electrons  are 
 distributed  in  its  atomic  orbitals.  The 
 maximum  number  of  electrons  that  can 
 be  accommodated  in  a  shell  is  based  on 
 the  principal  quantum  number  (n)  and  is 
 represented  by  the  formula  2n 
 2 
 ,  where  'n' 
 is the shell number. 
 Q.20.  According  to  Dalton’s  atomic 
 theory,  atoms  combine  in  the  ratio  of 
 small whole numbers to form ______. 
 SSC MTS 2/11/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) neutrons  (b) molecules 
 (c) protons  (d) compounds 
 Sol.20.(d)  Compounds  .  John  Dalton  is 
 considered  the  ‘Father  of  Modern  Atomic 
 Theory’.  Dalton's  atomic  theory  (1808) 
 was  the  ?rst  complete  attempt  to 
 describe  all  matter  in  terms  of  atoms  and 
 their properties. 
 Q.21.  If  the  size  of  the  nucleus  of  an 
 atom  is  compared  with  a  cricket  ball, 
 then  the  radius  of  the  atom  is 
 approximately  equal  to  how  many 
 kilometers? 
 SSC CPO 23/11/2020 (Morning) 
 (a) 5  (b) 0.5  (c) 0.05       (d) 0.005 
 Sol.21.(a)  5  km.  The  radius  of  the  atom 
 is  10 
 -10 
 m,  and  the  radius  of  nucleus  is 
 10 
 -15 
 m. 
 Q.22.  The  ?rst  electron  shell  which  is  the 
 nearest  to  the  nucleus  never  holds  more 
 than 'n' electrons, where 'n' is equal to: 
 SSC CGL 6/03/2020 (Afternoon) 
 (a) 2  (b) 8  (c) 4  (d) 6 
 Sol.22.(a)  2.  The  maximum  number  of 
 electrons  accommodated  in  a  shell 
 based  on  principal  quantum  number  (n). 
 It  is  represented  by  the  formula  2n 
 2 
 . 
 K  shell,  n  =  1,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  1 
 2 
 =  2. 
 L  shell,  n  =  2,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  2 
 2 
 =  8. 
 M  shell,  n  =  3,  Max  Electron  =  2  ×  3 
 2 
 =  18. 
 N shell, n = 4, Max Electron = 2 × 4 
 2 
 = 32. 
 Metals, Non-metals and Alloys 
 Q.23.  Which  of  the  following  is  NOT  an 
 alkaline earth metal? 
 SSC Stenographer 12/10/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Na  (b) Mg  (c) Ca  (d) Be 
 Sol.23.(a)  Na  (Sodium)  -  It  is  an  Alkali 
 metal.  Alkaline  earth  metals:  Beryllium 
 (Be,  4),  Magnesium  (Mg,  12),  Calcium 
 (Ca,  20),  Strontium  (Sr,  38),  Barium  (Ba, 
 56),  Radium  (Ra,  88).  They  have  two 
 electrons  in  their  outermost  shells.  Alkali 
 metals:  Lithium  (Li,  3),  Sodium  (Na,  11), 
 Potassium  (K,  19),  Rubidium  (Rb,  37), 
 Caesium (Cs, 55), Francium (Fr, 87). 
 Q.24.  What  is  the  name  of  the  seventh 
 most  abundant  metal  in  the  earth's  crust, 
 which  is  derived  from  the  medieval  Latin 
 word 'Kalium' ? 
 SSC MTS 01/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Aluminium  (b) Magnesium 
 (c) Calcium  (d) Potassium 
 Sol.24.(d)  Potassium.  It  makes  up  2.4% 
 by  mass  of  the  Earth  crust.  Aluminium  is 
 the  most  abundant  metal  and  Oxygen  is 
 the  most  abundant  non-metal  found  in 
 the  earth's  crust.  Eight  most  abundant 
 elements  in  the  Earth's  crust  are  Oxygen 
 (O),  Silicon  (Si),  Aluminium  (Al),  Calcium 
 (Ca),  Iron  (Fe),  Magnesium  (Mg),  Sodium 
 (Na), and Potassium (K). 
 Q.25.  Which chemical element with 
 atomic number 35 has a dark 
 reddish-brown liquid with a burning 
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 pungent odour ? 
 SSC MTS 06/09/2023 (1st Shift) 
 (a) Tennessine  (b) Chlorine 
 (c) Astatine  (d) Bromine 
 Sol.25.(d)  Bromine  (Br)  is  the  third 
 halogen,  a  nonmetal  in  group  17  of  the 
 periodic  table.  Products  containing 
 bromine  used  in  agriculture  and 
 sanitation and as ?re retardants. 
 Q.26.  An  image  of  which  of  the  following 
 elements  is  shown  by  the  map  of  Cyprus 
 from which the element got its name ? 
 SSC MTS 13/09/2023 (2nd Shift) 
 (a) Silver  (b) Cobalt 
 (c) Copper  (d) Sulphur 
 Sol.26.(c)  Copper  (Cu,  Atomic  no  29).  It 
 is  a  good  conductor  of  heat  and 
 electricity.  It  is  in  group  11,  period  4  and 
 block  ‘d’  of  the  periodic  table.  It  was  the 
 ?rst metal used by man on earth. 
 Q.27.  Which  radioactive  isotope  has  a 
 half-life  of  5770  years,  which  is 
 commonly  used  to  estimate  the  age  of 
 organic  materials  such  as  paper  and 
 parchment ? 
 SSC CHSL 08/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) 
 9 
 C  (b) 
 12 
 C  (c) 
 14 
 C  (d) 
 17 
 C 
 Sol.27.(c) 
 14 
 C  -  It  is  an  unstable  and 
 weakly  radioactive  isotope  of  carbon. 
 Three  Natural  isotopes  of  carbon  : 
 12 
 C, 
 13 
 C  and 
 14 
 C.  Isotopes  -  Atoms  of  the 
 same  element  having  the  same  atomic 
 number  but  different  mass  numbers.  For 
 example,  take  the  case  of  hydrogen 
 atom,  it  has  three  atomic  species, 
 namely  protium  ( 
 1 
 1 
 H),  deuterium  ( 
 2 
 1 
 H  or 
 D)  and  tritium  ( 
 3 
 1 
 H  or  T).  The  atomic 
 number  of  each  one  is  1,  but  the  mass 
 number is 1, 2 and 3, respectively. 
 Q.28.  Which  metal  ion  released  from  the 
 tannery  industry  causes  acute  water 
 pollution? 
 SSC CHSL 09/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Mg  (b) As  (c) Cr  (d) Zn 
 Sol.28.(c)  Chromium  (Cr).  Tannery 
 Wastewaters:  It  contains  Hairs,  proteins, 
 acids,  alkalis,  chromium  salts,  sulphides, 
 chlorides, tannins, solvents, dyes. 
 Q.29.  What  is  the  most  stable  mineral 
 during the process of weathering? 
 SSC CHSL 10/08/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Quartz  (b) Olivine 
 (c) Pyroxene  (d) Amphibole 
 Sol.29.(a)  Quartz  (felsic  mineral).  Iron 
 oxides,  Al-hydroxides,  clay  minerals  and 
 quartz  are  the  most  stable  weathered 
 products  whereas  highly  soluble 
 minerals  like  halite  are  the  least  stable. 
 Silicates  fall  within  the  middle  range. 
 Ma?c  silicates  like  olivine,  pyroxene  or 
 amphibole  breakdown  relatively  easily. 
 Weathering  -  The  breaking  down  or 
 dissolving  of  rocks  and  minerals  on 
 Earth's  surface.  Types  of  weathering: 
 Chemical,  Physical  and  Biological 
 Weathering. 
 Q.30.  From  which  Latin  word  is  the  s 
 block element calcium derived? 
 SSC CGL 14/07/2023 (3rd shift) 
 (a) Calx  (b) Calum  (c) Coleus  (d) Calcio 
 Sol.30.(a)  Calx  (calcium  hydroxide)  . 
 Formula  -  Ca(OH) 
 2 
 .  It  is  used  in  industrial 
 settings,  such  as  sewage  treatment, 
 paper  production,  construction,  and  food 
 processing.  Calum  (calcium  carbonate): 
 Formula - CaCO 
 3 
 . 
 Q.31.  Which  element  of  Group  17  has 
 two  isotopes  of  masses  35  and  37  amu 
 with  average  abundance  of  75.77%  and 
 24.23%, respectively? 
 SSC CGL 17/07/2023 (1st shift) 
 (a) Chlorine  (b) lodine 
 (c) Fluorine  (d) Astatine 
 Sol.31.(a)  Chlorine.  Element  of  Group  17 
 :  The  halogens  are  located  on  the  left  of 
 the  noble  gases  on  the  periodic  table. 
 These  ?ve  toxic,  non-metallic  elements 
 make  up  Group  17  of  the  periodic  table 
 and  consist  of  :  ?uorine  (9,  F),  chlorine 
 (17,  Cl),  bromine  (35,  Br),  iodine  (53,  I), 
 and astatine (85, At). 
 Q.32.  Which  of  the  following  are 
 metalloids? 
 SSC CGL 18/07/2023 (2nd shift) 
 (a) Boron, oxygen, aluminium 
 (b) Boron, mercury, iron 
 (c) Boron, silicon, antimony 
 (d) Aluminium, mercury, copper 
 Sol.32.(c)  Boron,  silicon,  antimony. 
 Metalloids  -  Chemical  elements  whose 
 physical  and  chemical  properties  fall  in 
 between  the  metal  and  non-metal 
 categories  .  Seven  most  widely 
 recognized  metalloids  -  Boron, 
 germanium,  silicon,  antimony,  arsenic, 
 tellurium and polonium. 
 Q.33.  Which  among  the  following  alloys 
 is a combination of gold and silver? 
 SSC MTS 10/05/2023 (Evening) 
 (a) Bronze  (b) Constantan 
 (c) Solder  (d) Electrum 
 Sol.33.(d) Electrum  .  Some other alloys: 
 Steel  (Carbon  and  Iron).  Stainless  steel  - 
 (Iron  with  Chromium  and  Nickel).  German 
 silver  -  (copper,  zinc  and  nickel).  Rose 
 Metal  -  (Bismuth  ,  Lead  and  Tin).  Gun 
 Metal  -  (Cu  +  Sn  +  Zn  +  Pb).  Dutch  metal- 
 (Cu  and  Zn).  Constantan  (Eureka)  -  Alloy 
 of  55%  Copper  and  45%  Nickel.  Solder  -  It 
 is made up of Tin and Lead. 
 Q.34.  Which  of  the  following  is  a  non  - 
 metal that can exist in different form? 
 SSC MTS 12/05/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Mercury  (b) Carbon 
 (c) Lithium  (d) Potassium 
 Sol.34.(b)  Carbon  (C)  .  Atomic  number  - 
 6.  Belongs  to  the  14th  group.  It  is  a 
 tetravalent  which  makes  a  chemical 
 bond  with  four  electrons.  Each  form  of 
 carbon  is  called  an  allotrope.  Diamond 
 (an  allotrope  of  carbon)  is  the  hardest 
 natural  substance  known  and  has  a  very 
 high  melting  and  boiling  point.  Graphite, 
 another  allotrope  of  carbon,  is  a 
 conductor of electricity. 
 Q.35.  What  is  the  characteristic  of 
 isotopes ? 
 SSC MTS 18/05/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Same neutron and same proton 
 (b) Same atomic number and different 
 mass number 
 (c) Same atomic number and same mass 
 number 
 (d) Same neutron and different proton 
 Sol.35.(b)  An  example  of  a  group  of 
 isotopes  is  hydrogen-1  (protium), 
 hydrogen-2  (deuterium),  and  hydrogen-3 
 (tritium).  Isodiaphers  -  They  are  atoms  of 
 different  elements  that  have  the  same 
 difference  between  the  number  of 
 protons  and  the  number  of  neutrons. 
 Example  : Carbon-12 and Nitrogen-14. 
 Q.36.  Which  of  the  following  metals  is 
 always a component in an amalgam? 
 SSC MTS 15/06/2023 (Morning) 
 (a) Strontium  (b) Mercury 
 (c) Zinc  (d) Aluminium 
 Sol.36.(b)  Mercury.  Amalgam  is  an  alloy 
 of  mercury  with  one  or  more  metals.  The 
 most  common  amalgam  is  dental 
 amalgam,  which  is  used  to  ?ll  cavities  in 
 teeth.  Dental  amalgam  is  a  mixture  of 
 mercury, silver, tin, and copper. 
 Q.37.  Oxides  of  ____  and  ______  dissolve 
 in  rain  water  and  form  acids  which  are 
 called acid rain. 
 SSC MTS 16/06/2023 (Afternoon) 
 (a) phosphorous, sulphur 
 (b) sulphur, nitrogen 
 (c) carbon dioxide, methane 
 (d) calcium, magnesium 
 Sol.37.(b) Sulphur, nitrogen. Acid Rain - 
 When the pH of the rain water drops 
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 below  5.6,  it  is  called  acid  rain.  Acid  rain 
 damages  buildings  and  other  structures 
 made  of  stone  or  metal.  The  main  reason 
 for  this  is  air  pollution  caused  by  the 
 burning  of  fossil  fuels.  The  Taj  Mahal  has 
 been affected by acid rain. 
 Q.38.  Which  among  the  following  alloys 
 is made up of copper and zinc? 
 SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Monel Metal  (b) Magnalium 
 (c) Rolled Gold  (d) Dutch Metal 
 Sol.38.(d)  Dutch  Metal.  Monel  metal: 
 Group  of  alloys  of  Copper  and  Nickel. 
 Uses:  marine  engineering,  chemical  and 
 hydrocarbon  processing  equipment, 
 valves,  pumps,  shafts,  ?ttings,  fasteners, 
 and  heat  exchangers,  Magnalium: 
 Mixture  of  magnesium  and  aluminium, 
 used  in  making  aircrafts  and  automobile 
 parts,  Rolled  gold:  An  alloy  of  Copper 
 and  Aluminium,  used  for  making  cheap 
 ornaments. 
 Q.39.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is correct ? 
 SSC CHSL 14/03/2023 (3rd Shift) 
 (a) Metals react with acids and produce 
 metal salts and hydrogen gas. 
 (b) Non - metals react with oxygen to 
 produce non - metallic oxides which 
 are basic in nature. 
 (c) On burning, metals react with oxygen 
 to produce metal oxides which are 
 acidic in nature. 
 (d) Less reactive metals displace more 
 reactive metals from their compounds 
 in aqueous solutions. 
 Sol.39.(a)  Example  -  Fe  (Iron)  +  H 
 2 
 SO 
 4 
 (sulfuric  acid)  ?  FeSO 
 4 
 (ferrous  sulfate) 
 +  H 
 2 
 (hydrogen).  Non  -  metals  react  with 
 oxygen  -  produce  nonmetallic  oxides 
 (Acidic),  Example  -  S  (Sulphur)  +  O 
 2 
 (Oxygen)  ?  SO 
 2 
 (Sulphur  Dioxide). 
 Metals  react  with  oxygen  -  Produce 
 metallic  oxides  (Basic)  ,  Example  -  Mg 
 (Magnesium)  +  O 
 2 
 (Oxygen)  ?  MgO 
 (Magnesium Oxide). 
 Q.40.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is/are NOT correct ? 
 I.  The  property  of  metals  by  which  they 
 can  be  beaten  into  thin  sheets  is  called 
 malleability. 
 II. The property of metal by which it can 
 being drawn into wires is called ductility. 
 SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 (4th Shift) 
 (a) Neither I nor II  (b) Both I and II 
 (c) Only I  (d) Only II 
 Sol.40.(a)  Neither  I  nor  II  .  Malleability  - 
 The  property  of  metals  to  be  beaten  into 
 thin  sheets  .  Examples  -  Copper,  silver. 
 Ductility  -  The  property  of  metal  to  be 
 drawn  into  wires.  Examples  -  Gold,  silver 
 and  copper.  Density  and  melting  point  of 
 metals is high. 
 Q.41.  Which  of  the  following  liquids  can 
 dissolve noble metals such as gold and 
 platinum? 
 SSC CPO 10/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Formic acid  (b) Aqua regia 
 (c) Acetic acid  (d) Chloroform 
 Sol.41.(b)  Aqua  regia  is  a  mixture  of 
 hydrochloric  acid  and  nitric  acid  present 
 in  the  ratio  3:1.  Formic  acid  (methanoic 
 acid,  chemical  formula  -  HCOOH  )  is  the 
 simplest  carboxylic  acid  ,used  as  a 
 preservative and antibacterial agent. 
 Q.42.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is  NOT  correct  regarding  the  alkali 
 metals? 
 SSC CPO 11/11/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) All the alkali metals are silvery white, 
 soft and light metals. 
 (b) The ionization enthalpies of the alkali 
 metals are considerably low and 
 decrease down the group from. 
 (c) Group 1 metals are known as alkali 
 metals. 
 (d) All the alkali metals have two valence 
 electrons. 
 Sol.42.(d)  Alkali  metals  have  one 
 electron  in  their  valence  shell.  Group  1A 
 of  the  periodic  table  are  the  alkali  metals: 
 Hydrogen  (H,  1),  Lithium  (Li,  3),  Sodium 
 (Na,  11),  Potassium  (K  ,  19),  Rubidium 
 (Rb,  37),  Cesium  (Cs,  55),  and  Francium 
 (Fr , 87). 
 Q.43.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is INCORRECT? 
 SSC MTS 11/07/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Metals are used in making cookware. 
 (b) Metals are used in the manufacture 
 of automobiles. 
 (c) Living beings inhale metals during 
 respiration. 
 (d) Metals are used in manufacturing 
 jewellery. 
 Sol.43.(c)  Living  beings  do  not  inhale 
 metals  during  respiration.  Humans  get 
 the  oxygen  they  need  by  breathing 
 through  their  nose  and  mouth  into  their 
 lungs.  Normal  respiration  rates  for  an 
 adult  person  at  rest  range  from  12  to  16 
 breaths per minute. 
 Q.44.  Choose  the  most  reactive  metal 
 from the options given below. 
 SSC MTS 06/07/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Copper  (b) Zinc  (c) Sodium  (d) Iron 
 Sol.44.(c) Sodium.  Reactive metals in 
 order:  Potassium  (Most  reactive  metal), 
 Sodium,  Barium,  Calcium,  Magnesium, 
 Aluminium,  Zinc,  Iron,  Nickel,  Tin,  Lead, 
 Hydrogen,  Copper,  Mercury,  Silver,  Gold, 
 Platinum (Least Reactive). 
 Q.45.  Which  of  the  following  statements 
 is INCORRECT ? 
 SSC MTS 15/07/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Metals react with oxygen to form 
 basic oxides. 
 (b) Non-metals are malleable 
 (c) Non-metals do not produce any sound 
 (d) Metals have low ionisation enthalpy 
 Sol.45.(b)  Physical  Properties  of  Non 
 metals:  Poor  conductors  of  electricity 
 and  heat,  Non-malleable  nor  ductile, 
 Brittle  solids,  May  be  solids,  liquids,  or 
 gases  at  room  temperature,  These  are 
 not sonorous, and Transparent. 
 Q.46.  Which  of  the  following  metals 
 reacts violently with cold water? 
 SSC MTS 25/07/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Magnesium  (b) Aluminium 
 (c) Zinc  (d) Potassium 
 Sol.46.(d)  Potassium  and  sodium  react 
 violently  with  cold  water,  where  sodium 
 reacts  slightly  stronger  than  Potassium. 
 The  reaction  is  exothermic  in  nature  and 
 in each reaction, hydrogen gas is given 
 off and the metal hydroxide is produced. 
 Q.47.  Which  of  the  following  metals 
 having  atomic  number  3  is  a  soft,  silvery 
 metal  with  very  low  density  that  reacts 
 vigorously  with  water  and  corrodes 
 quickly in air? 
 SSC CHSL 24/05/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) Potassium  (b) Sodium 
 (c) Lithium  (d) Rubidium 
 Sol.47.(c)  Lithium.  It  has  the  lowest 
 density  of  all  metals.  Lithium  is  the  ?rst 
 of  the  alkalis  metals  in  the  periodic  table. 
 It  is  highly  reactive  and  does  not  occur 
 freely  in  nature.  Lithium  is  the  only  alkali 
 metal that reacts with nitrogen. 
 Q.48.  Identify  the  INCORRECT  pair  with 
 respect  to  the  substances  and  their 
 speci?c  heat  capacity  (J  )  at  ???? 
- 1 
 ?? 
- 1 
 room  temperature  and  atmospheric 
 pressure. 
 SSC CHSL 26/05/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Aluminium – 900.0 
 (b) Water – 1200 
 (c) Carbon – 506.5 
 (d) Tungsten – 134.4 
 Sol.48.(b) Water  has a speci?c heat 
 capacity  of  4186  Jkg 
 -1 
 K 
 -1 
 .  Speci?c  heat 
 of  some  substance-  Iron/Steel-  450, 
 Copper-  390,  Silver-  230,  Mercury-  140, 
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 Platinum-  130,  Hydrogen-  14000,  Air-  718, 
 Ice- 2100, Sea Water- 3900 etc. 
 Q.49.  The  particles  of  which  metal  on 
 heating  to  the  boiling  point  of  357°C  go 
 from liquid state to gas state? 
 SSC CHSL 26/05/2022 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Mercury  (b) Copper 
 (c) Bronze  (d) Gallium 
 Sol.49.(a)  Mercury  (Hg,  Atomic 
 Number-80)  is  also  a  good  conductor  of 
 electricity,  so  it  is  a  useful  component  of 
 electrical  switches.  Mercury  is  also  used 
 in  dental  ?llings,  paints,  soaps,  batteries, 
 and  ?uorescent  lighting.  It  is  commonly 
 known  as  quicksilver  and  was  formerly 
 named hydrargyrum. 
 Q.50.  The  name  of  which  element  is 
 derived  from  an  Anglo-Saxon  word  and 
 its  symbol  comes  from  the  Latin  word 
 ‘Aurum’? 
 SSC CHSL 31/05/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Argon (b) Gold (c) Aluminium (d) Silver 
 Sol.50.(b)  The  atomic  number  of  gold  is 
 79  and  its  symbol  is  Au,  which  is  derived 
 from  the  Anglo  Saxon  word.  The  top 
 producers  of  Gold  in  the  world  are  China, 
 Australia, Russia, and the United States. 
 Q.51.  Which  metal  sulphate,  composed 
 of  potassium,  aluminium,  and  sulphate 
 ions  in  the  ratio  1  :  1  :  2,  plays  a  role  as  a 
 ?ame  retardant,  a  mordant  and  an 
 astringent? 
 SSC CHSL 31/05/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) Gypsum  (b) Potash alum 
 (c) Epsom salts  (d) Celestite 
 Sol.51.(b)  Potash  alum  (Potassium 
 Aluminium  sulphate).  The  chemical 
 formula  of  potash  alum  is 
 K 
 2 
 SO 
 4 
 .Al 
 2 
 (SO 
 4 
 ) 
 3 
 .24H 
 2 
 O.  It  is  also 
 commonly  referred  to  as  ‘?tkari.  ’ 
 Extracted  from  a  mineral  called  alunite.  It 
 is  used  for  the  puri?cation  of  impure 
 water,  stops  bleeding,  and  is  mordant  for 
 the  dyeing  industry,  leather  tanning, 
 ?reproof textiles, and baking powder. 
 Q.52.  Ozone is an allotrope of ______. 
 SSC CGL 12/04/2022 (Morning) 
 (a) carbon dioxide  (b) oxygen 
 (c) hydrogen  (d) nitrogen 
 Sol.52.(b)  Oxygen.  Ozone  (O 
 3 
 )  is  a 
 triatomic  allotrope  of  oxygen.  Ozone  is  a 
 powerful  oxidant  (far  more  so  than 
 dioxygen)  and  has  many  industrial  and 
 consumer  applications  related  to 
 oxidation. 
 Q.53.  How  many  protons  are  there  in  a 
 lithium nucleus? 
 SSC CGL 18/04/2022 (Evening) 
 (a) 2  (b) 4  (c) 5  (d) 3 
 Sol.53.(d)  3.  Lithium  has  3  protons,  3 
 electrons and 4 neutrons. 
 Q.54.  Which  of  the  following  is  a 
 low-grade  brown  coal  that  is  soft  with 
 high moisture content? 
 SSC MTS 11/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Bituminous  (b) Anthracite 
 (c) Peat  (d) Lignite 
 Sol.54.(d)  Lignite  coal  or  brown  coal,  is 
 the  lowest  grade  coal  with  the  least 
 concentration  of  carbon.  Lignite  has  a 
 low  heating  value  and  is  mainly  used  in 
 electricity generation. 
 Q.55.  Which  of  the  following  is  a  property 
 of silicon dioxide? 
 SSC MTS 11/10/2021 (Evening) 
 (a) It conducts electricity. 
 (b) It is soft. 
 (c) It is soluble in water. 
 (d) It has a high melting point. 
 Sol.55.(d)  Silicon  dioxide  (SiO 
 2 
 )  has  a 
 high  melting  point.  It  has  melting  and 
 boiling  points  as  1713º  C  and  2950º  C, 
 respectively.  The  density  is  about  2.648 
 g/cm 
 3 
 . 
 Q.56.  Which  of  the  following  minerals 
 has kieserite as its ore ? 
 SSC MTS 12/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Silver  (b) Magnesium 
 (c) Potassium  (d) Iron 
 Sol.56.(b)  Magnesium  .  Kieserite  is  a 
 magnesium  sulphate  mineral.  It  is  used 
 in the production of Epsom salt  and as a 
 fertiliser in agriculture. 
 Q.57.  Identify  the  alloy  among  the 
 following  of  which  lead  is  a  component. 
 SSC MTS 26/10/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Alnico  (b) Solder 
 (c) Nickel  (d) Constantan 
 Sol.57.(b)  Solder  is  a  metal  alloy  usually 
 made  of  tin  and  lead.  Alnico  -  aluminium 
 (Al),  nickel  (Ni),  and  cobalt  (Co). 
 Constantan  -  A  copper-nickel  alloy  used 
 in electrical work for its high resistance. 
 Q.58.  Which of the following is one of the 
 metals used in LED semiconductor 
 technology? 
 SSC CGL 16/08/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Iron  (b) Copper  (c) Gallium  (d) Zinc 
 Sol.58.(c)  Gallium  is  a  metallic  material 
 that  is  found  as  a  trace  element  in  coal, 
 bauxite,  and  other  minerals.  Other  metals 
 such  as  arsenic,  indium,  and  the 
 rare-earth  elements  (REEs)  cerium, 
 europium,  gadolinium,  lanthanum, 
 terbium,  and  yttrium  are  also  used  in  LED 
 semiconductor technology. 
 Q.59.  Which  of  the  following  metals 
 reacts  with  the  moist  carbon  dioxide  in 
 the  air  and  slowly  loses  its  shiny  brown 
 surface and gains a green coat? 
 SSC CHSL 16/04/2021 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Silver  (b) Iron   (c) Zinc   (d) Copper 
 Sol.59.(d)  Copper  (Cu,  Group  -  11, 
 Atomic  number  -  29)  .  The  green 
 substance  is  basic  copper  carbonate 
 (CuCO 
 3 
 ). 
 Q.60.  Which  one  of  the  following 
 features is NOT shown by metals? 
 SSC CHSL 9/8/2021 (Morning) 
 (a) Looks dull 
 (b) Can be pounded into shape 
 (c) Can be made into a wire 
 (d) Conducts heat  
 Sol.60.(a)  Looks  dull.  Physical  properties 
 of  metals:  high  melting  points,  good 
 conductors  of  electricity,  good 
 conductors  of  heat,  high  density, 
 malleable, ductile, lustrous. 
 Q.61.  What  is  the  Atomic  Number  of  the 
 element Einsteinium? 
 SSC CPO 23/11/2020 (Morning) 
 (a) 99  (b) 98  (c) 101  (d) 100 
 Sol.61.(a)  99.  Einsteinium  (Es),  synthetic 
 chemical  element  of  the  actinoid  series 
 of the periodic table. 
 Q.62.  Which  of  the  following  is  an 
 example of a pair of Isobars? 
 SSC CHSL 17/03/2020 (Evening) 
 (a) Chlorine and oxygen 
 (b) Calcium and argon 
 (c) Oxygen and carbon 
 (d) Hydrogen and Helium 
 Sol.62.(b)  Calcium  (Ca,  20)  and  argon 
 (  Ar,  18).The  mass  number  of  both  these 
 elements is 40u. 
 Q.63.  Which is the rarest element? 
 SSC  CHSL 26/10/2020 (Afternoon) 
 (a) Astatine  (b) Radon 
 (c) Uranium  (d) Lithium 
 Sol.63.(a)  Astatine  is  the  rarest  element 
 in  the  earth’s  crust  occurring  only  as  the 
 decay  product  of  various  heavier 
 elements.  All  of  astatine’s  isotopes  are 
 short-lived. 
 Q.64.  Which  of  the  following  is  used  as  a 
 substitute of mercury in thermometers? 
 SSC CGL 5/3/2020 (Evening) 
 (a) Selenium  (b) Arsenic 
 (c) Bromine  (d) Galinstan 
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