Mindmap: Acids, Bases & Salts | Science Class 10 PDF Download

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Acids
De?nition: Substances that release H ? 
ions in solution.
Properties
Sour taste
Turns blue litmus red
Examples
Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulfuric acid 
(H2SO4)
Reactions
With metals: Acid + Metal ? Salt + 
Hydrogen gas
With carbonates: Acid + Carbonate ? Salt 
+ CO2 + Water
Bases
De?nition: Substances that release OH ? 
ions in solution.
Properties
Bitter taste
Slippery feel
Turns red litmus blue
Examples
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]
Reactions
With acids (Neutralization): Base + Acid ? 
Salt + Water
Salts
De?nition: Compounds formed from the 
neutralization reaction between an acid 
and a base.
Properties
Can be neutral, acidic, or basic depending 
on the parent acid and base.
Examples
Sodium chloride (NaCl), Baking soda 
(NaHCO3)
Uses
In food (e.g., table salt)
In industry (e.g., manufacturing of 
washing soda)
pH Scale
De?nition: A scale from 0 to 14 that 
measures the acidity or basicity of a 
solution.
Neutral pH: pH 7 (e.g., pure water)
Acidic pH: Less than 7
Basic pH: Greater than 7
Importance: 
Determines the strength of acids and 
bases.
A?ects biological processes and 
environmental conditions (e.g., acid rain).
Indicators
De?nition: Substances that change color 
in the presence of an acid or a base.
Examples
Litmus paper
Phenolphthalein
Methyl orange
Natural Indicators: Red cabbage extract, 
turmeric
Acids, Bases
 and Salts