Syllabus: Physics for Class 12 | Physics Class 12 - NEET PDF Download

 Page 1


 CLASS XII (2023-24) 
 PHYSICS (THEORY) 
 Time: 3 hrs.  Max Marks: 70 
 No. of 
 Periods 
 Marks 
 Unit–I  Electrostatics 
 26 
 16 
 Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields 
 Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and 
 Capacitance 
 Unit-II  Current Electricity 
 18 
 Chapter–3: Current Electricity 
 Unit-III  Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism 
 25 
 17 
 Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism 
 Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter 
 Unit-IV 
 Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating 
 Currents 
 24 
 Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction 
 Chapter–7: Alternating Current 
 Unit–V  Electromagnetic Waves 
 04 
 18 
 Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves 
 Unit–VI  Optics 
 30 
 Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical 
 Instruments 
 Chapter–10: Wave Optics 
 Unit–VII  Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 
 8 
 12 
 Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and 
 Matter 
 Unit–VIII  Atoms and Nuclei 
 15 
 Chapter–12: Atoms 
 Chapter–13: Nuclei 
 Unit–IX  Electronic Devices 
 10 
 7 
 Chapter–14: Semiconductor 
 Electronics: Materials, Devices and 
 Simple Circuits 
 Total  160  70 
CLASS XII (2024-25)
Page 2


 CLASS XII (2023-24) 
 PHYSICS (THEORY) 
 Time: 3 hrs.  Max Marks: 70 
 No. of 
 Periods 
 Marks 
 Unit–I  Electrostatics 
 26 
 16 
 Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields 
 Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and 
 Capacitance 
 Unit-II  Current Electricity 
 18 
 Chapter–3: Current Electricity 
 Unit-III  Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism 
 25 
 17 
 Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism 
 Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter 
 Unit-IV 
 Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating 
 Currents 
 24 
 Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction 
 Chapter–7: Alternating Current 
 Unit–V  Electromagnetic Waves 
 04 
 18 
 Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves 
 Unit–VI  Optics 
 30 
 Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical 
 Instruments 
 Chapter–10: Wave Optics 
 Unit–VII  Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 
 8 
 12 
 Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and 
 Matter 
 Unit–VIII  Atoms and Nuclei 
 15 
 Chapter–12: Atoms 
 Chapter–13: Nuclei 
 Unit–IX  Electronic Devices 
 10 
 7 
 Chapter–14: Semiconductor 
 Electronics: Materials, Devices and 
 Simple Circuits 
 Total  160  70 
CLASS XII (2024-25)
 Unit I:  Electrostatics  26 Periods 
 Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields 
 Electric  charges,  Conservation  of  charge,  Coulomb's  law-force  between 
 two-  point  charges,  forces  between  multiple  charges;  superposition  principle 
 and continuous charge distribution. 
 Electric  field,  electric  field  due  to  a  point  charge,  electric  field  lines,  electric 
 dipole,  electric  field  due  to  a  dipole,  torque  on  a  dipole  in  uniform  electric 
 field. 
 Electric  flux,  statement  of  Gauss's  theorem  and  its  applications  to  find  field 
 due  to  infinitely  long  straight  wire,  uniformly  charged  infinite  plane  sheet 
 and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside). 
 Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 
 Electric  potential,  potential  difference,  electric  potential  due  to  a  point 
 charge,  a  dipole  and  system  of  charges;  equipotential  surfaces,  electrical 
 potential  energy  of  a  system  of  two-point  charges  and  of  electric  dipole  in 
 an electrostatic field. 
 Conductors  and  insulators,  free  charges  and  bound  charges  inside  a 
 conductor.  Dielectrics  and  electric  polarization,  capacitors  and  capacitance, 
 combination  of  capacitors  in  series  and  in  parallel,  capacitance  of  a  parallel 
 plate  capacitor  with  and  without  dielectric  medium  between  the  plates, 
 energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation, formulae only). 
 Unit II:  Current Electricity  18 Periods 
 Chapter–3: Current Electricity 
 Electric  current,  flow  of  electric  charges  in  a  metallic  conductor,  drift 
 velocity,  mobility  and  their  relation  with  electric  current;  Ohm's  law,  V-I 
 characteristics  (linear  and  non-linear),  electrical  energy  and  power, 
 electrical  resistivity  and  conductivity,  temperature  dependence  of 
 resistance,  Internal  resistance  of  a  cell,  potential  difference  and  emf  of  a 
 cell,  combination  of  cells  in  series  and  in  parallel,  Kirchhoff's  rules, 
 Wheatstone bridge. 
Page 3


 CLASS XII (2023-24) 
 PHYSICS (THEORY) 
 Time: 3 hrs.  Max Marks: 70 
 No. of 
 Periods 
 Marks 
 Unit–I  Electrostatics 
 26 
 16 
 Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields 
 Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and 
 Capacitance 
 Unit-II  Current Electricity 
 18 
 Chapter–3: Current Electricity 
 Unit-III  Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism 
 25 
 17 
 Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism 
 Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter 
 Unit-IV 
 Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating 
 Currents 
 24 
 Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction 
 Chapter–7: Alternating Current 
 Unit–V  Electromagnetic Waves 
 04 
 18 
 Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves 
 Unit–VI  Optics 
 30 
 Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical 
 Instruments 
 Chapter–10: Wave Optics 
 Unit–VII  Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 
 8 
 12 
 Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and 
 Matter 
 Unit–VIII  Atoms and Nuclei 
 15 
 Chapter–12: Atoms 
 Chapter–13: Nuclei 
 Unit–IX  Electronic Devices 
 10 
 7 
 Chapter–14: Semiconductor 
 Electronics: Materials, Devices and 
 Simple Circuits 
 Total  160  70 
CLASS XII (2024-25)
 Unit I:  Electrostatics  26 Periods 
 Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields 
 Electric  charges,  Conservation  of  charge,  Coulomb's  law-force  between 
 two-  point  charges,  forces  between  multiple  charges;  superposition  principle 
 and continuous charge distribution. 
 Electric  field,  electric  field  due  to  a  point  charge,  electric  field  lines,  electric 
 dipole,  electric  field  due  to  a  dipole,  torque  on  a  dipole  in  uniform  electric 
 field. 
 Electric  flux,  statement  of  Gauss's  theorem  and  its  applications  to  find  field 
 due  to  infinitely  long  straight  wire,  uniformly  charged  infinite  plane  sheet 
 and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside). 
 Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 
 Electric  potential,  potential  difference,  electric  potential  due  to  a  point 
 charge,  a  dipole  and  system  of  charges;  equipotential  surfaces,  electrical 
 potential  energy  of  a  system  of  two-point  charges  and  of  electric  dipole  in 
 an electrostatic field. 
 Conductors  and  insulators,  free  charges  and  bound  charges  inside  a 
 conductor.  Dielectrics  and  electric  polarization,  capacitors  and  capacitance, 
 combination  of  capacitors  in  series  and  in  parallel,  capacitance  of  a  parallel 
 plate  capacitor  with  and  without  dielectric  medium  between  the  plates, 
 energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation, formulae only). 
 Unit II:  Current Electricity  18 Periods 
 Chapter–3: Current Electricity 
 Electric  current,  flow  of  electric  charges  in  a  metallic  conductor,  drift 
 velocity,  mobility  and  their  relation  with  electric  current;  Ohm's  law,  V-I 
 characteristics  (linear  and  non-linear),  electrical  energy  and  power, 
 electrical  resistivity  and  conductivity,  temperature  dependence  of 
 resistance,  Internal  resistance  of  a  cell,  potential  difference  and  emf  of  a 
 cell,  combination  of  cells  in  series  and  in  parallel,  Kirchhoff's  rules, 
 Wheatstone bridge. 
 Unit III:  Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism  25 Periods 
 Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism 
 Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment. 
 Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. 
 Ampere's  law  and  its  applications  to  infinitely  long  straight  wire.  Straight 
 solenoid  (only  qualitative  treatment),  force  on  a  moving  charge  in  uniform 
 magnetic and electric fields. 
 Force  on  a  current-carrying  conductor  in  a  uniform  magnetic  field,  force 
 between  two  parallel  current-carrying  conductors-definition  of  ampere, 
 torque  experienced  by  a  current  loop  in  uniform  magnetic  field;  Current  loop 
 as  a  magnetic  dipole  and  its  magnetic  dipole  moment,  moving  coil 
 galvanometer-  its  current  sensitivity  and  conversion  to  ammeter  and 
 voltmeter. 
 Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter 
 Bar  magnet,  bar  magnet  as  an  equivalent  solenoid  (qualitative  treatment 
 only),  magnetic  field  intensity  due  to  a  magnetic  dipole  (bar  magnet)  along 
 its  axis  and  perpendicular  to  its  axis  (qualitative  treatment  only),  torque  on  a 
 magnetic  dipole  (bar  magnet)  in  a  uniform  magnetic  field  (qualitative 
 treatment only), magnetic field lines. 
 Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferro - 
 magnetic substances with examples, Magnetization of materials, 
 effect of temperature on magnetic properties. 
 Unit IV:  Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents       24 Periods 
 Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction 
 Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; 
 Lenz's Law, Self and mutual induction. 
Page 4


 CLASS XII (2023-24) 
 PHYSICS (THEORY) 
 Time: 3 hrs.  Max Marks: 70 
 No. of 
 Periods 
 Marks 
 Unit–I  Electrostatics 
 26 
 16 
 Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields 
 Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and 
 Capacitance 
 Unit-II  Current Electricity 
 18 
 Chapter–3: Current Electricity 
 Unit-III  Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism 
 25 
 17 
 Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism 
 Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter 
 Unit-IV 
 Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating 
 Currents 
 24 
 Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction 
 Chapter–7: Alternating Current 
 Unit–V  Electromagnetic Waves 
 04 
 18 
 Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves 
 Unit–VI  Optics 
 30 
 Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical 
 Instruments 
 Chapter–10: Wave Optics 
 Unit–VII  Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 
 8 
 12 
 Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and 
 Matter 
 Unit–VIII  Atoms and Nuclei 
 15 
 Chapter–12: Atoms 
 Chapter–13: Nuclei 
 Unit–IX  Electronic Devices 
 10 
 7 
 Chapter–14: Semiconductor 
 Electronics: Materials, Devices and 
 Simple Circuits 
 Total  160  70 
CLASS XII (2024-25)
 Unit I:  Electrostatics  26 Periods 
 Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields 
 Electric  charges,  Conservation  of  charge,  Coulomb's  law-force  between 
 two-  point  charges,  forces  between  multiple  charges;  superposition  principle 
 and continuous charge distribution. 
 Electric  field,  electric  field  due  to  a  point  charge,  electric  field  lines,  electric 
 dipole,  electric  field  due  to  a  dipole,  torque  on  a  dipole  in  uniform  electric 
 field. 
 Electric  flux,  statement  of  Gauss's  theorem  and  its  applications  to  find  field 
 due  to  infinitely  long  straight  wire,  uniformly  charged  infinite  plane  sheet 
 and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside). 
 Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 
 Electric  potential,  potential  difference,  electric  potential  due  to  a  point 
 charge,  a  dipole  and  system  of  charges;  equipotential  surfaces,  electrical 
 potential  energy  of  a  system  of  two-point  charges  and  of  electric  dipole  in 
 an electrostatic field. 
 Conductors  and  insulators,  free  charges  and  bound  charges  inside  a 
 conductor.  Dielectrics  and  electric  polarization,  capacitors  and  capacitance, 
 combination  of  capacitors  in  series  and  in  parallel,  capacitance  of  a  parallel 
 plate  capacitor  with  and  without  dielectric  medium  between  the  plates, 
 energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation, formulae only). 
 Unit II:  Current Electricity  18 Periods 
 Chapter–3: Current Electricity 
 Electric  current,  flow  of  electric  charges  in  a  metallic  conductor,  drift 
 velocity,  mobility  and  their  relation  with  electric  current;  Ohm's  law,  V-I 
 characteristics  (linear  and  non-linear),  electrical  energy  and  power, 
 electrical  resistivity  and  conductivity,  temperature  dependence  of 
 resistance,  Internal  resistance  of  a  cell,  potential  difference  and  emf  of  a 
 cell,  combination  of  cells  in  series  and  in  parallel,  Kirchhoff's  rules, 
 Wheatstone bridge. 
 Unit III:  Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism  25 Periods 
 Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism 
 Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment. 
 Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. 
 Ampere's  law  and  its  applications  to  infinitely  long  straight  wire.  Straight 
 solenoid  (only  qualitative  treatment),  force  on  a  moving  charge  in  uniform 
 magnetic and electric fields. 
 Force  on  a  current-carrying  conductor  in  a  uniform  magnetic  field,  force 
 between  two  parallel  current-carrying  conductors-definition  of  ampere, 
 torque  experienced  by  a  current  loop  in  uniform  magnetic  field;  Current  loop 
 as  a  magnetic  dipole  and  its  magnetic  dipole  moment,  moving  coil 
 galvanometer-  its  current  sensitivity  and  conversion  to  ammeter  and 
 voltmeter. 
 Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter 
 Bar  magnet,  bar  magnet  as  an  equivalent  solenoid  (qualitative  treatment 
 only),  magnetic  field  intensity  due  to  a  magnetic  dipole  (bar  magnet)  along 
 its  axis  and  perpendicular  to  its  axis  (qualitative  treatment  only),  torque  on  a 
 magnetic  dipole  (bar  magnet)  in  a  uniform  magnetic  field  (qualitative 
 treatment only), magnetic field lines. 
 Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferro - 
 magnetic substances with examples, Magnetization of materials, 
 effect of temperature on magnetic properties. 
 Unit IV:  Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents       24 Periods 
 Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction 
 Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; 
 Lenz's Law, Self and mutual induction. 
 Chapter–7: Alternating Current 
 Alternating  currents,  peak  and  RMS  value  of  alternating  current/voltage; 
 reactance  and  impedance;  LCR  series  circuit  (phasors  only),  resonance, 
 power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current. 
 AC generator, Transformer. 
 Unit V:  Electromagnetic waves                                                          04 Periods 
 Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves 
 Basic  idea  of  displacement  current,  Electromagnetic  waves,  their 
 characteristics, their transverse nature (qualitative idea only). 
 Electromagnetic  spectrum  (radio  waves,  microwaves,  infrared,  visible, 
 ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses. 
 Unit VI:  Optics  30 Periods 
 Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 
 Ray  Optics:  Reflection  of  light,  spherical  mirrors,  mirror  formula,  refraction 
 of  light,  total  internal  reflection  and  optical  fibers,  refraction  at  spherical 
 surfaces,  lenses,  thin  lens  formula,  lens  maker’s  formula,  magnification, 
 power  of  a  lens,  combination  of  thin  lenses  in  contact,  refraction  of  light 
 through a prism. 
 Optical  instruments:  Microscopes  and  astronomical  telescopes  (reflecting 
 and refracting) and their magnifying powers. 
 Chapter–10: Wave Optics 
 Wave  optics:  Wave  front  and  Huygen’s  principle,  reflection  and  refraction 
 of  plane  wave  at  a  plane  surface  using  wave  fronts.  Proof  of  laws  of 
 reflection  and  refraction  using  Huygen’s  principle.  Interference,  Young's 
 double  slit  experiment  and  expression  for  fringe  width  (No  derivation  final 
 expression  only),  coherent  sources  and  sustained  interference  of  light, 
 diffraction  due  to  a  single  slit,  width  of  central  maxima  (qualitative  treatment 
 only). 
Page 5


 CLASS XII (2023-24) 
 PHYSICS (THEORY) 
 Time: 3 hrs.  Max Marks: 70 
 No. of 
 Periods 
 Marks 
 Unit–I  Electrostatics 
 26 
 16 
 Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields 
 Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and 
 Capacitance 
 Unit-II  Current Electricity 
 18 
 Chapter–3: Current Electricity 
 Unit-III  Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism 
 25 
 17 
 Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism 
 Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter 
 Unit-IV 
 Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating 
 Currents 
 24 
 Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction 
 Chapter–7: Alternating Current 
 Unit–V  Electromagnetic Waves 
 04 
 18 
 Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves 
 Unit–VI  Optics 
 30 
 Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical 
 Instruments 
 Chapter–10: Wave Optics 
 Unit–VII  Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 
 8 
 12 
 Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and 
 Matter 
 Unit–VIII  Atoms and Nuclei 
 15 
 Chapter–12: Atoms 
 Chapter–13: Nuclei 
 Unit–IX  Electronic Devices 
 10 
 7 
 Chapter–14: Semiconductor 
 Electronics: Materials, Devices and 
 Simple Circuits 
 Total  160  70 
CLASS XII (2024-25)
 Unit I:  Electrostatics  26 Periods 
 Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields 
 Electric  charges,  Conservation  of  charge,  Coulomb's  law-force  between 
 two-  point  charges,  forces  between  multiple  charges;  superposition  principle 
 and continuous charge distribution. 
 Electric  field,  electric  field  due  to  a  point  charge,  electric  field  lines,  electric 
 dipole,  electric  field  due  to  a  dipole,  torque  on  a  dipole  in  uniform  electric 
 field. 
 Electric  flux,  statement  of  Gauss's  theorem  and  its  applications  to  find  field 
 due  to  infinitely  long  straight  wire,  uniformly  charged  infinite  plane  sheet 
 and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside). 
 Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 
 Electric  potential,  potential  difference,  electric  potential  due  to  a  point 
 charge,  a  dipole  and  system  of  charges;  equipotential  surfaces,  electrical 
 potential  energy  of  a  system  of  two-point  charges  and  of  electric  dipole  in 
 an electrostatic field. 
 Conductors  and  insulators,  free  charges  and  bound  charges  inside  a 
 conductor.  Dielectrics  and  electric  polarization,  capacitors  and  capacitance, 
 combination  of  capacitors  in  series  and  in  parallel,  capacitance  of  a  parallel 
 plate  capacitor  with  and  without  dielectric  medium  between  the  plates, 
 energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation, formulae only). 
 Unit II:  Current Electricity  18 Periods 
 Chapter–3: Current Electricity 
 Electric  current,  flow  of  electric  charges  in  a  metallic  conductor,  drift 
 velocity,  mobility  and  their  relation  with  electric  current;  Ohm's  law,  V-I 
 characteristics  (linear  and  non-linear),  electrical  energy  and  power, 
 electrical  resistivity  and  conductivity,  temperature  dependence  of 
 resistance,  Internal  resistance  of  a  cell,  potential  difference  and  emf  of  a 
 cell,  combination  of  cells  in  series  and  in  parallel,  Kirchhoff's  rules, 
 Wheatstone bridge. 
 Unit III:  Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism  25 Periods 
 Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism 
 Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment. 
 Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. 
 Ampere's  law  and  its  applications  to  infinitely  long  straight  wire.  Straight 
 solenoid  (only  qualitative  treatment),  force  on  a  moving  charge  in  uniform 
 magnetic and electric fields. 
 Force  on  a  current-carrying  conductor  in  a  uniform  magnetic  field,  force 
 between  two  parallel  current-carrying  conductors-definition  of  ampere, 
 torque  experienced  by  a  current  loop  in  uniform  magnetic  field;  Current  loop 
 as  a  magnetic  dipole  and  its  magnetic  dipole  moment,  moving  coil 
 galvanometer-  its  current  sensitivity  and  conversion  to  ammeter  and 
 voltmeter. 
 Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter 
 Bar  magnet,  bar  magnet  as  an  equivalent  solenoid  (qualitative  treatment 
 only),  magnetic  field  intensity  due  to  a  magnetic  dipole  (bar  magnet)  along 
 its  axis  and  perpendicular  to  its  axis  (qualitative  treatment  only),  torque  on  a 
 magnetic  dipole  (bar  magnet)  in  a  uniform  magnetic  field  (qualitative 
 treatment only), magnetic field lines. 
 Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferro - 
 magnetic substances with examples, Magnetization of materials, 
 effect of temperature on magnetic properties. 
 Unit IV:  Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents       24 Periods 
 Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction 
 Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; 
 Lenz's Law, Self and mutual induction. 
 Chapter–7: Alternating Current 
 Alternating  currents,  peak  and  RMS  value  of  alternating  current/voltage; 
 reactance  and  impedance;  LCR  series  circuit  (phasors  only),  resonance, 
 power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current. 
 AC generator, Transformer. 
 Unit V:  Electromagnetic waves                                                          04 Periods 
 Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves 
 Basic  idea  of  displacement  current,  Electromagnetic  waves,  their 
 characteristics, their transverse nature (qualitative idea only). 
 Electromagnetic  spectrum  (radio  waves,  microwaves,  infrared,  visible, 
 ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses. 
 Unit VI:  Optics  30 Periods 
 Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 
 Ray  Optics:  Reflection  of  light,  spherical  mirrors,  mirror  formula,  refraction 
 of  light,  total  internal  reflection  and  optical  fibers,  refraction  at  spherical 
 surfaces,  lenses,  thin  lens  formula,  lens  maker’s  formula,  magnification, 
 power  of  a  lens,  combination  of  thin  lenses  in  contact,  refraction  of  light 
 through a prism. 
 Optical  instruments:  Microscopes  and  astronomical  telescopes  (reflecting 
 and refracting) and their magnifying powers. 
 Chapter–10: Wave Optics 
 Wave  optics:  Wave  front  and  Huygen’s  principle,  reflection  and  refraction 
 of  plane  wave  at  a  plane  surface  using  wave  fronts.  Proof  of  laws  of 
 reflection  and  refraction  using  Huygen’s  principle.  Interference,  Young's 
 double  slit  experiment  and  expression  for  fringe  width  (No  derivation  final 
 expression  only),  coherent  sources  and  sustained  interference  of  light, 
 diffraction  due  to  a  single  slit,  width  of  central  maxima  (qualitative  treatment 
 only). 
 Unit VII:  Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter  08 Periods 
 Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 
 Dual  nature  of  radiation,  Photoelectric  effect,  Hertz  and  Lenard's 
 observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. 
 Experimental study of photoelectric effect 
 Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation. 
 Unit VIII:  Atoms and Nuclei  15 Periods 
 Chapter–12: Atoms 
 Alpha-particle  scattering  experiment;  Rutherford's  model  of  atom;  Bohr 
 model  of  hydrogen  atom,  Expression  for  radius  of  nth  possible  orbit,  velocity 
 and  energy  of  electron  in  nth  orbit,  hydrogen  line  spectra  (qualitative 
 treatment only). 
 Chapter–13: Nuclei 
 Composition and size of nucleus, nuclear force 
 Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its 
 variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion. 
 Unit IX:  Electronic Devices  10 Periods 
 Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and 
 Simple Circuits 
 Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative 
 ideas only) Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors- p and n type, p-n junction 
 Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse 
 bias, application of junction diode -diode as a rectifier.