Analog Electronics

 Page 1


Analog Analog
Electronics Electronics
Analog
Electronics
Page 2


Analog Analog
Electronics Electronics
Analog
Electronics
 
 
 
Design Against Static Load 
 
1 
DIODE CIRCUITS 
& APPLICATIONS 
 
 
1.1. Diode 
• A two terminal semiconductor device with PN junction is called a diode 
• A PN junction diode is a two terminal device formed by doping with acceptor and dopant impurities at different 
regions. 
 
1.2. VI Characteristics 
• In ideal condition, a diode works as a short circuit at during forward bias and open circuit during reverse bias, i.e. like 
an ideal switch 
• In practical condition a diode works as low resistance, and high resistance at reverse bias, i.e. like a practical switch. 
              
  Ideal Characteristics  Practical Characteristics 
1.2.1. Application of Diode in Clipper circuit 
• The Circuit clips a portion of the input signal 
• On the basis of which part the circuit clips, the circuit is named as Positive or Negative clipper 
• A series or shunt clipper is named according to the placement of diode in the circuit. 
Page 3


Analog Analog
Electronics Electronics
Analog
Electronics
 
 
 
Design Against Static Load 
 
1 
DIODE CIRCUITS 
& APPLICATIONS 
 
 
1.1. Diode 
• A two terminal semiconductor device with PN junction is called a diode 
• A PN junction diode is a two terminal device formed by doping with acceptor and dopant impurities at different 
regions. 
 
1.2. VI Characteristics 
• In ideal condition, a diode works as a short circuit at during forward bias and open circuit during reverse bias, i.e. like 
an ideal switch 
• In practical condition a diode works as low resistance, and high resistance at reverse bias, i.e. like a practical switch. 
              
  Ideal Characteristics  Practical Characteristics 
1.2.1. Application of Diode in Clipper circuit 
• The Circuit clips a portion of the input signal 
• On the basis of which part the circuit clips, the circuit is named as Positive or Negative clipper 
• A series or shunt clipper is named according to the placement of diode in the circuit. 
 
 
 
Analog Electronics 
 
Positive Clipper 
Clips positive portion of the input signal. 
        
   Series Clipper Shunt Clipper 
    
  Response Transfer Characteristics 
Negative Clipper 
Clips negative portion of the input signal. 
 
  Series Clipper Shunt Clipper 
 
  Response Transfer Characteristics 
Application of Diode in Clamper Circuit 
• A clamper circuit clamps or adds a DC shift to the input signal. 
• Based on the polarity of shift, a Positive or Negative clamper is named. 
Page 4


Analog Analog
Electronics Electronics
Analog
Electronics
 
 
 
Design Against Static Load 
 
1 
DIODE CIRCUITS 
& APPLICATIONS 
 
 
1.1. Diode 
• A two terminal semiconductor device with PN junction is called a diode 
• A PN junction diode is a two terminal device formed by doping with acceptor and dopant impurities at different 
regions. 
 
1.2. VI Characteristics 
• In ideal condition, a diode works as a short circuit at during forward bias and open circuit during reverse bias, i.e. like 
an ideal switch 
• In practical condition a diode works as low resistance, and high resistance at reverse bias, i.e. like a practical switch. 
              
  Ideal Characteristics  Practical Characteristics 
1.2.1. Application of Diode in Clipper circuit 
• The Circuit clips a portion of the input signal 
• On the basis of which part the circuit clips, the circuit is named as Positive or Negative clipper 
• A series or shunt clipper is named according to the placement of diode in the circuit. 
 
 
 
Analog Electronics 
 
Positive Clipper 
Clips positive portion of the input signal. 
        
   Series Clipper Shunt Clipper 
    
  Response Transfer Characteristics 
Negative Clipper 
Clips negative portion of the input signal. 
 
  Series Clipper Shunt Clipper 
 
  Response Transfer Characteristics 
Application of Diode in Clamper Circuit 
• A clamper circuit clamps or adds a DC shift to the input signal. 
• Based on the polarity of shift, a Positive or Negative clamper is named. 
 
 
 
Analog Electronics 
 
Positive Clamper Circuit 
Adds a positive DC shift to the input signal. 
 
Negative Clamper Circuit 
Adds a negative DC shift to the input signal. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note:  For Proper functioning of clamper circuit, time constant of circuit should be much greater than time period of input 
signal (R
L
C >> T)  
1.3. Application of Diode in Peak Detector 
A peak detector detects the peak of the input signal. 
Positive Peak Detector 
Detects the positive peak of input signal. 
 
Negative Peak Detector 
Detects the negative peak of input signal 
 
Page 5


Analog Analog
Electronics Electronics
Analog
Electronics
 
 
 
Design Against Static Load 
 
1 
DIODE CIRCUITS 
& APPLICATIONS 
 
 
1.1. Diode 
• A two terminal semiconductor device with PN junction is called a diode 
• A PN junction diode is a two terminal device formed by doping with acceptor and dopant impurities at different 
regions. 
 
1.2. VI Characteristics 
• In ideal condition, a diode works as a short circuit at during forward bias and open circuit during reverse bias, i.e. like 
an ideal switch 
• In practical condition a diode works as low resistance, and high resistance at reverse bias, i.e. like a practical switch. 
              
  Ideal Characteristics  Practical Characteristics 
1.2.1. Application of Diode in Clipper circuit 
• The Circuit clips a portion of the input signal 
• On the basis of which part the circuit clips, the circuit is named as Positive or Negative clipper 
• A series or shunt clipper is named according to the placement of diode in the circuit. 
 
 
 
Analog Electronics 
 
Positive Clipper 
Clips positive portion of the input signal. 
        
   Series Clipper Shunt Clipper 
    
  Response Transfer Characteristics 
Negative Clipper 
Clips negative portion of the input signal. 
 
  Series Clipper Shunt Clipper 
 
  Response Transfer Characteristics 
Application of Diode in Clamper Circuit 
• A clamper circuit clamps or adds a DC shift to the input signal. 
• Based on the polarity of shift, a Positive or Negative clamper is named. 
 
 
 
Analog Electronics 
 
Positive Clamper Circuit 
Adds a positive DC shift to the input signal. 
 
Negative Clamper Circuit 
Adds a negative DC shift to the input signal. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note:  For Proper functioning of clamper circuit, time constant of circuit should be much greater than time period of input 
signal (R
L
C >> T)  
1.3. Application of Diode in Peak Detector 
A peak detector detects the peak of the input signal. 
Positive Peak Detector 
Detects the positive peak of input signal. 
 
Negative Peak Detector 
Detects the negative peak of input signal 
 
 
 
 
Analog Electronics 
 
1.4. Application of Diode in Voltage Doubler 
• Voltage doubler gives the output as double of the input signal. 
• A level shifter or clamper followed by a peak detector gives a Voltage Doubler 
 
  R
L
C >> T 
1.5. Application of Diode in Voltage Multiplier 
Using multiple stages of a set of a clamper and peak detector gives voltage multiplier, also called as Cockroft-Walton Voltage 
Multiplier. 
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