PPT: Tribals Dikus and the vision of a Golden Age | Social Studies (SST) Class 8 PDF Download

 Page 1


Tribals, Dikus
and the Vision of
a Golden Age
Page 2


Tribals, Dikus
and the Vision of
a Golden Age
Birsa Munda and the Tribal Revolt
Background: Birsa Munda, a tribal leader from
Chottanagpur in Jharkhand, emerged in 1895,
claiming miraculous powers and declaring a
mission to free his people from oppression.
Followers: Thousands rallied around Birsa,
believing him to be a divine figure tasked with
solving their problems and liberating them from
outsiders.
Tribal Discontent: Tribals, including Mundas,
Santhals, and Oraons, were unhappy with
changes under British rule, facing threats to
their traditional ways of life, livelihoods, and
religion.
Page 3


Tribals, Dikus
and the Vision of
a Golden Age
Birsa Munda and the Tribal Revolt
Background: Birsa Munda, a tribal leader from
Chottanagpur in Jharkhand, emerged in 1895,
claiming miraculous powers and declaring a
mission to free his people from oppression.
Followers: Thousands rallied around Birsa,
believing him to be a divine figure tasked with
solving their problems and liberating them from
outsiders.
Tribal Discontent: Tribals, including Mundas,
Santhals, and Oraons, were unhappy with
changes under British rule, facing threats to
their traditional ways of life, livelihoods, and
religion.
Traditional Customs: Tribal societies had
unique customs and rituals distinct from those
of caste societies, with kinship ties binding
members together.
Social Dynamics: While tribes lacked the rigid
caste divisions, they still had social and
economic differences within their communities.
Impact of British Rule: British colonization
brought significant changes to tribal life,
including the erosion of traditional practices,
land alienation, and exploitation by outsiders,
leading to discontent and resistance.
Tribal Society and Change Under
British Rule
Page 4


Tribals, Dikus
and the Vision of
a Golden Age
Birsa Munda and the Tribal Revolt
Background: Birsa Munda, a tribal leader from
Chottanagpur in Jharkhand, emerged in 1895,
claiming miraculous powers and declaring a
mission to free his people from oppression.
Followers: Thousands rallied around Birsa,
believing him to be a divine figure tasked with
solving their problems and liberating them from
outsiders.
Tribal Discontent: Tribals, including Mundas,
Santhals, and Oraons, were unhappy with
changes under British rule, facing threats to
their traditional ways of life, livelihoods, and
religion.
Traditional Customs: Tribal societies had
unique customs and rituals distinct from those
of caste societies, with kinship ties binding
members together.
Social Dynamics: While tribes lacked the rigid
caste divisions, they still had social and
economic differences within their communities.
Impact of British Rule: British colonization
brought significant changes to tribal life,
including the erosion of traditional practices,
land alienation, and exploitation by outsiders,
leading to discontent and resistance.
Tribal Society and Change Under
British Rule
What is Shifting Cultivation?
Shifting cultivation, also known as jhum cultivation, is a
traditional farming method practiced by tribal communities.
It involves clearing small patches of forest land for
cultivation, burning the vegetation, and using the ash as
fertilizer.
Instead of plowing, seeds are scattered directly onto the
prepared soil.
Where is it Practiced?
Commonly found in hilly and forested regions of North-East
and Central India.
Tribal communities depend on forests and free movement
for practicing shifting cultivation.
How did Tribal Groups Live?
Page 5


Tribals, Dikus
and the Vision of
a Golden Age
Birsa Munda and the Tribal Revolt
Background: Birsa Munda, a tribal leader from
Chottanagpur in Jharkhand, emerged in 1895,
claiming miraculous powers and declaring a
mission to free his people from oppression.
Followers: Thousands rallied around Birsa,
believing him to be a divine figure tasked with
solving their problems and liberating them from
outsiders.
Tribal Discontent: Tribals, including Mundas,
Santhals, and Oraons, were unhappy with
changes under British rule, facing threats to
their traditional ways of life, livelihoods, and
religion.
Traditional Customs: Tribal societies had
unique customs and rituals distinct from those
of caste societies, with kinship ties binding
members together.
Social Dynamics: While tribes lacked the rigid
caste divisions, they still had social and
economic differences within their communities.
Impact of British Rule: British colonization
brought significant changes to tribal life,
including the erosion of traditional practices,
land alienation, and exploitation by outsiders,
leading to discontent and resistance.
Tribal Society and Change Under
British Rule
What is Shifting Cultivation?
Shifting cultivation, also known as jhum cultivation, is a
traditional farming method practiced by tribal communities.
It involves clearing small patches of forest land for
cultivation, burning the vegetation, and using the ash as
fertilizer.
Instead of plowing, seeds are scattered directly onto the
prepared soil.
Where is it Practiced?
Commonly found in hilly and forested regions of North-East
and Central India.
Tribal communities depend on forests and free movement
for practicing shifting cultivation.
How did Tribal Groups Live?
Benefits of Shifting Cultivation:
Promotes biodiversity and ecological balance.
Allows land to regenerate and recover after each cycle of
cultivation.
Provides livelihood for tribal communities while preserving
their cultural traditions.
Challenges and Concerns:
Encroachment on forest lands due to increasing population
pressure.
Government policies restricting access to forests and
promoting sedentary agriculture.
Need for sustainable practices to balance conservation and
livelihood needs.
How did Tribal Groups Live?