Selina Textbook Solutions: Pollution - A Rising Environmental Problem | Biology Class 10 ICSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Exercise 1 
Solution A.1. 
(d) The dust raised during road-cleaning 
Solution A.2. 
(b) Disposing of corpses in rivers 
Solution A.3. 
(b) Ozone 
Solution B.1. 
(i) SO 2 
(ii) Bromochlorodifluoromethane and chlorofluoromethane 
(iii) Mercury 
Solution B.2. 
Column I Column II (Answers) 
(i) Chlorofluocarbons (CFCs) 
(ii) Flyash 
(iii) Cow dung 
(iv) CO2 and methane 
(v) Sulphur dioxide 
(vi) Iodine – 131 
(f) Ozone depletion 
(e) Industrial Waste 
(b) Biodegradable 
(a) Global Warming 
(d) Acid Rain 
(c) Nuclear Radiation Pollutant 
 
Solution B.3. 
(i) vehicular air 
(ii) X-ray 
(iii) hot 
(iv) domestic activities 
Solution C.1. 
(i) Rivers contaminated with sewage: 
? A number of waterborne diseases are produced by the pathogens present in 
polluted water, affecting humans as well as animals. 
? The flora and fauna of rivers, sea and oceans is adversely affected. 
Chapter 14 - Pollution : A Rising Environmental Problems 
Page 2


Exercise 1 
Solution A.1. 
(d) The dust raised during road-cleaning 
Solution A.2. 
(b) Disposing of corpses in rivers 
Solution A.3. 
(b) Ozone 
Solution B.1. 
(i) SO 2 
(ii) Bromochlorodifluoromethane and chlorofluoromethane 
(iii) Mercury 
Solution B.2. 
Column I Column II (Answers) 
(i) Chlorofluocarbons (CFCs) 
(ii) Flyash 
(iii) Cow dung 
(iv) CO2 and methane 
(v) Sulphur dioxide 
(vi) Iodine – 131 
(f) Ozone depletion 
(e) Industrial Waste 
(b) Biodegradable 
(a) Global Warming 
(d) Acid Rain 
(c) Nuclear Radiation Pollutant 
 
Solution B.3. 
(i) vehicular air 
(ii) X-ray 
(iii) hot 
(iv) domestic activities 
Solution C.1. 
(i) Rivers contaminated with sewage: 
? A number of waterborne diseases are produced by the pathogens present in 
polluted water, affecting humans as well as animals. 
? The flora and fauna of rivers, sea and oceans is adversely affected. 
Chapter 14 - Pollution : A Rising Environmental Problems 
(ii) Too much gaseous exhausts containing CO2 and SO2: 
? The high concentration of CO 2 in atmosphere has been the main component of the 
green house effect that has caused global warming i.e. the rise of atmospheric 
temperature in recent years. Global warming causes melting of snow caps rise in 
sea levels. 
? SO 2 is poisonous and irritates the respiratory system of animals and humans. A 
continuous exposure to SO 2 has been reported to damage the lungs and increase 
the rate of mortality. 
? SO 2 is also responsible for acid rain 
(iii) Pesticides such as DDT used in agriculture: 
? Pesticides kill soil microbes which are responsible to recycle the nutrients in the 
soil. 
? Pesticides can enter the food chain and affect the health of humans as well as 
animals. It can cause damage to the lungs and central nervous system, failures of 
reproductive organs and dysfunctions of the immune system, endocrine system, 
and exocrine system, as well as potential cancer risks and birth defects. 
(iv) Prolonged noise such as the one produced by crackers throughout night: 
? Prolonged exposure to the high decibel noise damages ear drums and can bring 
permanent hearing impairment. 
? Noise pollution can lead to high blood pressure (hypertension), constant 
headache, lack of concentration. 
Solution C.2. 
Three major constituents of sewage: 
1. Kitchen wastes 
2. Sanitary waste 
3. Waste from agricultural lands 
Solution C.3. 
? The common sources of oil spills are: The overturned oil tankers, offshore oil 
mining and Oil Refineries. 
? The sea birds and sea animals sometimes get thick, greasy coating on their 
bodies due to oil spills. 
? Sea birds may ingest their oil coated. This may irritate their digestive system, may 
damage liver and kidney. 
? Oil spills lead to the death of sea birds as well as sea animals. 
Page 3


Exercise 1 
Solution A.1. 
(d) The dust raised during road-cleaning 
Solution A.2. 
(b) Disposing of corpses in rivers 
Solution A.3. 
(b) Ozone 
Solution B.1. 
(i) SO 2 
(ii) Bromochlorodifluoromethane and chlorofluoromethane 
(iii) Mercury 
Solution B.2. 
Column I Column II (Answers) 
(i) Chlorofluocarbons (CFCs) 
(ii) Flyash 
(iii) Cow dung 
(iv) CO2 and methane 
(v) Sulphur dioxide 
(vi) Iodine – 131 
(f) Ozone depletion 
(e) Industrial Waste 
(b) Biodegradable 
(a) Global Warming 
(d) Acid Rain 
(c) Nuclear Radiation Pollutant 
 
Solution B.3. 
(i) vehicular air 
(ii) X-ray 
(iii) hot 
(iv) domestic activities 
Solution C.1. 
(i) Rivers contaminated with sewage: 
? A number of waterborne diseases are produced by the pathogens present in 
polluted water, affecting humans as well as animals. 
? The flora and fauna of rivers, sea and oceans is adversely affected. 
Chapter 14 - Pollution : A Rising Environmental Problems 
(ii) Too much gaseous exhausts containing CO2 and SO2: 
? The high concentration of CO 2 in atmosphere has been the main component of the 
green house effect that has caused global warming i.e. the rise of atmospheric 
temperature in recent years. Global warming causes melting of snow caps rise in 
sea levels. 
? SO 2 is poisonous and irritates the respiratory system of animals and humans. A 
continuous exposure to SO 2 has been reported to damage the lungs and increase 
the rate of mortality. 
? SO 2 is also responsible for acid rain 
(iii) Pesticides such as DDT used in agriculture: 
? Pesticides kill soil microbes which are responsible to recycle the nutrients in the 
soil. 
? Pesticides can enter the food chain and affect the health of humans as well as 
animals. It can cause damage to the lungs and central nervous system, failures of 
reproductive organs and dysfunctions of the immune system, endocrine system, 
and exocrine system, as well as potential cancer risks and birth defects. 
(iv) Prolonged noise such as the one produced by crackers throughout night: 
? Prolonged exposure to the high decibel noise damages ear drums and can bring 
permanent hearing impairment. 
? Noise pollution can lead to high blood pressure (hypertension), constant 
headache, lack of concentration. 
Solution C.2. 
Three major constituents of sewage: 
1. Kitchen wastes 
2. Sanitary waste 
3. Waste from agricultural lands 
Solution C.3. 
? The common sources of oil spills are: The overturned oil tankers, offshore oil 
mining and Oil Refineries. 
? The sea birds and sea animals sometimes get thick, greasy coating on their 
bodies due to oil spills. 
? Sea birds may ingest their oil coated. This may irritate their digestive system, may 
damage liver and kidney. 
? Oil spills lead to the death of sea birds as well as sea animals. 
Solution C.4. 
Measures to minimise noise pollution: 
1. Use of loud speakers should be banned. 
2. Airports should be located away from the residential area. 
Solution D.1. 
1. Industrial Waste: 
Large number of industries produces waste water which contains various types of 
chemical pollutants. Such wastes are commonly discharged into the rivers. These 
chemicals cause irritation to the body systems of fish. 
2. Thermal Pollution: 
Many industries such as thermal power plants, oil refineries, nuclear plants use 
water for cooling their machinery. This hot waste water may be 8-10
o
C warmer 
than the intake water. This hot water is released into the nearby streams, rivers or 
the sea and causes warming. The sudden fluctuation in the temperature of water 
kills the fishes and harms the plant life growing in it. 
Solution D.2. 
(i) Noise Pollution 
(ii) Industrial machines, workshops, trains, loud conversation, loudspeakers, etc. 
(iii) Effects of noise pollution: 
1. It lowers efficiency of work. 
2. It disturbs sleep and leads to nervous irritability.