PPT: Contemporary South Asia | Political Science Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

 Page 1


Contemporary South 
Asia
Page 2


Contemporary South 
Asia
Overview of South Asia
Focus of Global 
Attention
When India and Pakistan joined the 
club of nuclear powers, South Asia 
suddenly became the focus of global 
attention.
Regional Conflicts
There are pending border and water 
sharing disputes between the states 
of the region. Besides, there are 
conflicts arising out of insurgency, 
ethnic strife and resource sharing.
Potential for 
Cooperation
Many people in South Asia recognise 
the fact that this region can develop 
and prosper if the states of the region 
cooperate with each other.
Page 3


Contemporary South 
Asia
Overview of South Asia
Focus of Global 
Attention
When India and Pakistan joined the 
club of nuclear powers, South Asia 
suddenly became the focus of global 
attention.
Regional Conflicts
There are pending border and water 
sharing disputes between the states 
of the region. Besides, there are 
conflicts arising out of insurgency, 
ethnic strife and resource sharing.
Potential for 
Cooperation
Many people in South Asia recognise 
the fact that this region can develop 
and prosper if the states of the region 
cooperate with each other.
What is South Asia?
1
Countries Included
The expression 'South Asia' usually includes the following 
countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, 
Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
2
Geographical Features
The mighty Himalayas in the north and the vast Indian 
Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal in the south, 
west and east respectively provide a natural insularity to the 
region.
3
Diversity and Unity
South Asia stands for diversity in every sense and yet 
constitutes one geopolitical space.
4
Democratic Aspirations
Despite the mixed record of the democratic experience, the 
people in all these countries share the aspiration for 
democracy.
Page 4


Contemporary South 
Asia
Overview of South Asia
Focus of Global 
Attention
When India and Pakistan joined the 
club of nuclear powers, South Asia 
suddenly became the focus of global 
attention.
Regional Conflicts
There are pending border and water 
sharing disputes between the states 
of the region. Besides, there are 
conflicts arising out of insurgency, 
ethnic strife and resource sharing.
Potential for 
Cooperation
Many people in South Asia recognise 
the fact that this region can develop 
and prosper if the states of the region 
cooperate with each other.
What is South Asia?
1
Countries Included
The expression 'South Asia' usually includes the following 
countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, 
Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
2
Geographical Features
The mighty Himalayas in the north and the vast Indian 
Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal in the south, 
west and east respectively provide a natural insularity to the 
region.
3
Diversity and Unity
South Asia stands for diversity in every sense and yet 
constitutes one geopolitical space.
4
Democratic Aspirations
Despite the mixed record of the democratic experience, the 
people in all these countries share the aspiration for 
democracy.
The Military and Democracy in Pakistan
1
1947-1971
After Pakistan framed its first constitution, 
General Ayub Khan took over the administration. 
This was followed by General Yahya Khan's rule, 
during which East Pakistan broke away to become 
Bangladesh.
2
1971-1977
An elected government under the leadership of 
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto came to power in Pakistan.
3
1977-1988
General Zia-ul-Haq removed Bhutto's 
government. A pro-democracy movement 
emerged from 1982 onwards.
4
1988-1999
Elective democracy phase with competition 
between Pakistan People's Party and Muslim 
League.
5
1999-2008
General Pervez Musharraf removed Prime 
Minister Nawaz Sharif. Pakistan continued to be 
ruled by the army.
6
2008-Present
Democratically elected leaders have been ruling 
Pakistan.
Page 5


Contemporary South 
Asia
Overview of South Asia
Focus of Global 
Attention
When India and Pakistan joined the 
club of nuclear powers, South Asia 
suddenly became the focus of global 
attention.
Regional Conflicts
There are pending border and water 
sharing disputes between the states 
of the region. Besides, there are 
conflicts arising out of insurgency, 
ethnic strife and resource sharing.
Potential for 
Cooperation
Many people in South Asia recognise 
the fact that this region can develop 
and prosper if the states of the region 
cooperate with each other.
What is South Asia?
1
Countries Included
The expression 'South Asia' usually includes the following 
countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, 
Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
2
Geographical Features
The mighty Himalayas in the north and the vast Indian 
Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal in the south, 
west and east respectively provide a natural insularity to the 
region.
3
Diversity and Unity
South Asia stands for diversity in every sense and yet 
constitutes one geopolitical space.
4
Democratic Aspirations
Despite the mixed record of the democratic experience, the 
people in all these countries share the aspiration for 
democracy.
The Military and Democracy in Pakistan
1
1947-1971
After Pakistan framed its first constitution, 
General Ayub Khan took over the administration. 
This was followed by General Yahya Khan's rule, 
during which East Pakistan broke away to become 
Bangladesh.
2
1971-1977
An elected government under the leadership of 
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto came to power in Pakistan.
3
1977-1988
General Zia-ul-Haq removed Bhutto's 
government. A pro-democracy movement 
emerged from 1982 onwards.
4
1988-1999
Elective democracy phase with competition 
between Pakistan People's Party and Muslim 
League.
5
1999-2008
General Pervez Musharraf removed Prime 
Minister Nawaz Sharif. Pakistan continued to be 
ruled by the army.
6
2008-Present
Democratically elected leaders have been ruling 
Pakistan.
Democracy in Bangladesh
1
1947-1971: Part of Pakistan
Bangladesh was a part of Pakistan, consisting of partitioned areas of Bengal and Assam. People resented the 
domination of western Pakistan and imposition of Urdu language.
2
1971: Independence Movement
Sheikh Mujib-ur Rahman led the popular struggle against West Pakistani domination. This resulted in a war 
between India and Pakistan, ending in the formation of Bangladesh as an independent country.
3
1975: Constitutional Changes and Assassination
Sheikh Mujib amended the constitution to shift from parliamentary to presidential form of government. He 
was assassinated in a military uprising.
4
1975-1990: Military Rule
Military rulers Ziaur Rahman and H. M. Ershad governed Bangladesh during this period.
5
1991-Present: Representative Democracy
Since 1991, representative democracy based on multi-party elections has been working in Bangladesh.