PPT: Secularism | Political Science Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

 Page 1


Secularism
Page 2


Secularism
What is Secularism?
1
Definition
Secularism refers to the separation of religion and state to ensure 
religious equality and freedom.
2
Opposition
It opposes both inter-religious and intra-religious domination.
3
Examples of Religious Discrimination
• Israel: Arab minorities face discrimination.
• Europe: Non-Christians experience subtle exclusion.
• Pakistan & Bangladesh: Religious minorities face threats.
4
Importance of Secularism
• Prevents discrimination based on religion.
• Ensures equal rights and freedom for all citizens.
Page 3


Secularism
What is Secularism?
1
Definition
Secularism refers to the separation of religion and state to ensure 
religious equality and freedom.
2
Opposition
It opposes both inter-religious and intra-religious domination.
3
Examples of Religious Discrimination
• Israel: Arab minorities face discrimination.
• Europe: Non-Christians experience subtle exclusion.
• Pakistan & Bangladesh: Religious minorities face threats.
4
Importance of Secularism
• Prevents discrimination based on religion.
• Ensures equal rights and freedom for all citizens.
Inter-Religious Domination
1
Definition
Inter-religious domination occurs when a religious majority 
dominates minorities.
2
Examples in India
• 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots – Over 2,700 Sikhs were killed.
• Kashmiri Pandits' Exodus – Forced to leave Kashmir due 
to religious persecution.
• 2002 Gujarat Riots – Over 1,000 people killed in 
communal violence.
3
Impact
• Violates religious freedom.
• Leads to conflict and violence.
• Weakens democratic values.
Page 4


Secularism
What is Secularism?
1
Definition
Secularism refers to the separation of religion and state to ensure 
religious equality and freedom.
2
Opposition
It opposes both inter-religious and intra-religious domination.
3
Examples of Religious Discrimination
• Israel: Arab minorities face discrimination.
• Europe: Non-Christians experience subtle exclusion.
• Pakistan & Bangladesh: Religious minorities face threats.
4
Importance of Secularism
• Prevents discrimination based on religion.
• Ensures equal rights and freedom for all citizens.
Inter-Religious Domination
1
Definition
Inter-religious domination occurs when a religious majority 
dominates minorities.
2
Examples in India
• 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots – Over 2,700 Sikhs were killed.
• Kashmiri Pandits' Exodus – Forced to leave Kashmir due 
to religious persecution.
• 2002 Gujarat Riots – Over 1,000 people killed in 
communal violence.
3
Impact
• Violates religious freedom.
• Leads to conflict and violence.
• Weakens democratic values.
Intra-religious Dominations
Definition
Intra-religious domination refers to the situation where members of a 
religious community dominate and discriminate against their own 
members.
Example: Caste Discrimination
For instance, within Hinduism, Dalits have historically faced severe 
discrimination and are treated inhumanely by upper-caste individuals.
Rise of Fundamentalism
This can lead to the rise of religious fundamentalism, which poses a threat 
to peace both within the country and globally.
Sectarian Violence
Additionally, the fragmentation of religions into various sects can result in 
sectarian violence and the persecution of dissenting minorities within the 
same faith.
Page 5


Secularism
What is Secularism?
1
Definition
Secularism refers to the separation of religion and state to ensure 
religious equality and freedom.
2
Opposition
It opposes both inter-religious and intra-religious domination.
3
Examples of Religious Discrimination
• Israel: Arab minorities face discrimination.
• Europe: Non-Christians experience subtle exclusion.
• Pakistan & Bangladesh: Religious minorities face threats.
4
Importance of Secularism
• Prevents discrimination based on religion.
• Ensures equal rights and freedom for all citizens.
Inter-Religious Domination
1
Definition
Inter-religious domination occurs when a religious majority 
dominates minorities.
2
Examples in India
• 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots – Over 2,700 Sikhs were killed.
• Kashmiri Pandits' Exodus – Forced to leave Kashmir due 
to religious persecution.
• 2002 Gujarat Riots – Over 1,000 people killed in 
communal violence.
3
Impact
• Violates religious freedom.
• Leads to conflict and violence.
• Weakens democratic values.
Intra-religious Dominations
Definition
Intra-religious domination refers to the situation where members of a 
religious community dominate and discriminate against their own 
members.
Example: Caste Discrimination
For instance, within Hinduism, Dalits have historically faced severe 
discrimination and are treated inhumanely by upper-caste individuals.
Rise of Fundamentalism
This can lead to the rise of religious fundamentalism, which poses a threat 
to peace both within the country and globally.
Sectarian Violence
Additionally, the fragmentation of religions into various sects can result in 
sectarian violence and the persecution of dissenting minorities within the 
same faith.
What is a Secular State?
Definition
A secular state is one that does not favor any specific religion 
and separates itself from religious institutions.
Importance
This separation is crucial in promoting peace, religious freedom, 
and equality among different religious groups.
Indian Example
The Indian state is secular as it doesn't endorse any religion and 
maintains a sophisticated policy for religious equality.
State Intervention
It can intervene in religion to oppose tyranny or support positive 
engagement, like supporting minority educational institutions.