PPT: Employment: Growth-Informalisation and other issues | Economics Class 12 - Commerce PDF Download

 Page 1


EMPLOYMENT: 
GROWTH, 
INFORMALISATION 
AND OTHER ISSUES
Page 2


EMPLOYMENT: 
GROWTH, 
INFORMALISATION 
AND OTHER ISSUES
INTRODUCTION
Diversity of                     
Work
Work spans farm labor to IT 
professionals; COVID-19 sped 
up remote work, showing 
employment9s evolving nature.
Significance of              
Work
Work offers income, purpose, 
and social identity; each 
worker supports the national 
economy while earning a living.
Understanding 
Employment
Employment patterns reflect 
economic health and resource 
distribution; analysis identifies 
sectoral roles and shapes 
inclusive policies.
Page 3


EMPLOYMENT: 
GROWTH, 
INFORMALISATION 
AND OTHER ISSUES
INTRODUCTION
Diversity of                     
Work
Work spans farm labor to IT 
professionals; COVID-19 sped 
up remote work, showing 
employment9s evolving nature.
Significance of              
Work
Work offers income, purpose, 
and social identity; each 
worker supports the national 
economy while earning a living.
Understanding 
Employment
Employment patterns reflect 
economic health and resource 
distribution; analysis identifies 
sectoral roles and shapes 
inclusive policies.
WORKERS AND  EMPLOYMENT
Definition of Workers
Individuals engaged in economic activities 
contributing to national production, including 
self-employed and hired workers.
Economic Activities
All production contributing to GDP across 
agriculture, manufacturing, and services 
sectors, equivalent to gross national product 
when adjusted for trade.
Value Creation
Workers create value through agriculture (food, materials), manufacturing (goods production), and 
services (economic facilitation).
Page 4


EMPLOYMENT: 
GROWTH, 
INFORMALISATION 
AND OTHER ISSUES
INTRODUCTION
Diversity of                     
Work
Work spans farm labor to IT 
professionals; COVID-19 sped 
up remote work, showing 
employment9s evolving nature.
Significance of              
Work
Work offers income, purpose, 
and social identity; each 
worker supports the national 
economy while earning a living.
Understanding 
Employment
Employment patterns reflect 
economic health and resource 
distribution; analysis identifies 
sectoral roles and shapes 
inclusive policies.
WORKERS AND  EMPLOYMENT
Definition of Workers
Individuals engaged in economic activities 
contributing to national production, including 
self-employed and hired workers.
Economic Activities
All production contributing to GDP across 
agriculture, manufacturing, and services 
sectors, equivalent to gross national product 
when adjusted for trade.
Value Creation
Workers create value through agriculture (food, materials), manufacturing (goods production), and 
services (economic facilitation).
MULTIFACETED NATURE OF EMPLOYMENT
Employment Duration
Employment duration in 
India varies from year-round 
to seasonal, causing income 
instability for many workers, 
particularly in agriculture-
dependent regions.
Workforce 
Demographics
India's workforce totals 471 
million, two-thirds rural, with 
a gender imbalance: 77% 
men, 23% women; women 
are one-fourth of rural, one-
fifth of urban workers.
Wage Disparities
Many workers earn 
inadequate pay; women's 
unpaid domestic and farm 
work is often unrecognized, 
so economists advocate 
counting these to value their 
economic contributions.
Page 5


EMPLOYMENT: 
GROWTH, 
INFORMALISATION 
AND OTHER ISSUES
INTRODUCTION
Diversity of                     
Work
Work spans farm labor to IT 
professionals; COVID-19 sped 
up remote work, showing 
employment9s evolving nature.
Significance of              
Work
Work offers income, purpose, 
and social identity; each 
worker supports the national 
economy while earning a living.
Understanding 
Employment
Employment patterns reflect 
economic health and resource 
distribution; analysis identifies 
sectoral roles and shapes 
inclusive policies.
WORKERS AND  EMPLOYMENT
Definition of Workers
Individuals engaged in economic activities 
contributing to national production, including 
self-employed and hired workers.
Economic Activities
All production contributing to GDP across 
agriculture, manufacturing, and services 
sectors, equivalent to gross national product 
when adjusted for trade.
Value Creation
Workers create value through agriculture (food, materials), manufacturing (goods production), and 
services (economic facilitation).
MULTIFACETED NATURE OF EMPLOYMENT
Employment Duration
Employment duration in 
India varies from year-round 
to seasonal, causing income 
instability for many workers, 
particularly in agriculture-
dependent regions.
Workforce 
Demographics
India's workforce totals 471 
million, two-thirds rural, with 
a gender imbalance: 77% 
men, 23% women; women 
are one-fourth of rural, one-
fifth of urban workers.
Wage Disparities
Many workers earn 
inadequate pay; women's 
unpaid domestic and farm 
work is often unrecognized, 
so economists advocate 
counting these to value their 
economic contributions.
PARTICIPATION OF PEOPLE IN EMPLOYMENT
The worker-population ratio shows that approximately 35% of Indians contribute to economic output, 
with nearly identical rates in rural (35%) and urban (34%) areas.
Rural residents typically enter the workforce earlier due to limited educational access, while urban 
dwellers often delay employment to pursue education and find suitable positions.