PPT: Communication | Communication for UGC NET PDF Download

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C o m m u n i c a t i o n
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C o m m u n i c a t i o n
Meaning, Types and Characteristics
Communication is more than just exchanging information4it's a fundamental human need and 
right. In this modern age, communication transcends physical limitations through speed and 
efficiency. It involves not only words but also our facial expressions, tone, body language, and 
listening skills.
Humans have a compulsive urge to communicate, spending over 70% of our time interacting with 
others. The evolution of mankind is essentially the story of progress in communication methods. 
As the Oxford Dictionary states, communication is "the transferring or conveying of meaning."
Page 3


C o m m u n i c a t i o n
Meaning, Types and Characteristics
Communication is more than just exchanging information4it's a fundamental human need and 
right. In this modern age, communication transcends physical limitations through speed and 
efficiency. It involves not only words but also our facial expressions, tone, body language, and 
listening skills.
Humans have a compulsive urge to communicate, spending over 70% of our time interacting with 
others. The evolution of mankind is essentially the story of progress in communication methods. 
As the Oxford Dictionary states, communication is "the transferring or conveying of meaning."
The Communication Process
Sender (Encoder)
The person who initiates the communication 
process by formulating and encoding the message 
based on their field of experience and 
communication skills.
Message & Channel
The content being communicated and the medium 
through which it travels. The effectiveness 
depends on how well the message is structured 
and the appropriateness of the channel.
Receiver (Decoder)
The person who receives and interprets the 
message, processing the information based on 
their own field of experience and communication 
skills.
Feedback
The response from the receiver back to the sender, 
completing the communication loop. Effective 
communication always includes feedback.
Page 4


C o m m u n i c a t i o n
Meaning, Types and Characteristics
Communication is more than just exchanging information4it's a fundamental human need and 
right. In this modern age, communication transcends physical limitations through speed and 
efficiency. It involves not only words but also our facial expressions, tone, body language, and 
listening skills.
Humans have a compulsive urge to communicate, spending over 70% of our time interacting with 
others. The evolution of mankind is essentially the story of progress in communication methods. 
As the Oxford Dictionary states, communication is "the transferring or conveying of meaning."
The Communication Process
Sender (Encoder)
The person who initiates the communication 
process by formulating and encoding the message 
based on their field of experience and 
communication skills.
Message & Channel
The content being communicated and the medium 
through which it travels. The effectiveness 
depends on how well the message is structured 
and the appropriateness of the channel.
Receiver (Decoder)
The person who receives and interprets the 
message, processing the information based on 
their own field of experience and communication 
skills.
Feedback
The response from the receiver back to the sender, 
completing the communication loop. Effective 
communication always includes feedback.
Models of Communication
Aristotle's Model
One of the earliest models 
including three elements: the 
speaker, the subject, and the 
audience. Aristotle emphasized 
persuasion as the result of a 
speaker's influence, defining 
communication as "discovery of 
the available means of 
persuasion."
Schramm's Model
Introduced the concept of "Field 
of Experience" (attitudes and 
orientations) that influences 
how messages are encoded and 
decoded. This model 
recognized that communication 
effectiveness depends on 
shared experiences.
Katz's Intermediary 
Model
Highlighted the role of 
"gatekeepers" or intermediaries 
who shape organizations 
through selective information 
sharing. These individuals 
possess technical, human, and 
conceptual skills that influence 
what information gets shared.
Page 5


C o m m u n i c a t i o n
Meaning, Types and Characteristics
Communication is more than just exchanging information4it's a fundamental human need and 
right. In this modern age, communication transcends physical limitations through speed and 
efficiency. It involves not only words but also our facial expressions, tone, body language, and 
listening skills.
Humans have a compulsive urge to communicate, spending over 70% of our time interacting with 
others. The evolution of mankind is essentially the story of progress in communication methods. 
As the Oxford Dictionary states, communication is "the transferring or conveying of meaning."
The Communication Process
Sender (Encoder)
The person who initiates the communication 
process by formulating and encoding the message 
based on their field of experience and 
communication skills.
Message & Channel
The content being communicated and the medium 
through which it travels. The effectiveness 
depends on how well the message is structured 
and the appropriateness of the channel.
Receiver (Decoder)
The person who receives and interprets the 
message, processing the information based on 
their own field of experience and communication 
skills.
Feedback
The response from the receiver back to the sender, 
completing the communication loop. Effective 
communication always includes feedback.
Models of Communication
Aristotle's Model
One of the earliest models 
including three elements: the 
speaker, the subject, and the 
audience. Aristotle emphasized 
persuasion as the result of a 
speaker's influence, defining 
communication as "discovery of 
the available means of 
persuasion."
Schramm's Model
Introduced the concept of "Field 
of Experience" (attitudes and 
orientations) that influences 
how messages are encoded and 
decoded. This model 
recognized that communication 
effectiveness depends on 
shared experiences.
Katz's Intermediary 
Model
Highlighted the role of 
"gatekeepers" or intermediaries 
who shape organizations 
through selective information 
sharing. These individuals 
possess technical, human, and 
conceptual skills that influence 
what information gets shared.
Shannon and Weaver's Mathematical Model
Technical Level
Concerns the accuracy of signal 
transmission between sender and 
receiver. This level addresses how 
precisely symbols can be 
transmitted through the chosen 
channel.
Semantic Level
Focuses on the interpretation of 
meaning by the receiver. This level 
examines how precisely the 
transmitted symbols convey the 
desired meaning from sender to 
receiver.
Effectiveness Level
Measures how successfully the 
received meaning affects behavior 
in the desired way. This level 
evaluates the ultimate impact of the 
communication process.
Though this model attempts to explain the communication process further, it is a linear, one-way model without 
emphasis on feedback. Shannon and Weaver introduced key concepts like entropy (degree of freedom in 
message selection), redundancy (eliminable information), and channel capacity (information transmittable per unit 
time).