PPT: Basics of Control System & Transfer Function | Control Systems - Electrical Engineering (EE) PDF Download

 Page 1


Basics of Control System 
and Transfer
Page 2


Basics of Control System 
and Transfer
Types of Control Systems
Control systems are fundamental to automation and engineering, allowing us to manage and direct the behavior of 
dynamic systems. They provide the framework for regulating processes, maintaining stability, and achieving desired 
outputs across various applications.
In this presentation, we'll explore the two primary types of control systems: open-loop and closed-loop systems. We'll 
examine their structures, characteristics, advantages, and limitations to understand when each type is most appropriate for 
different engineering challenges.
Page 3


Basics of Control System 
and Transfer
Types of Control Systems
Control systems are fundamental to automation and engineering, allowing us to manage and direct the behavior of 
dynamic systems. They provide the framework for regulating processes, maintaining stability, and achieving desired 
outputs across various applications.
In this presentation, we'll explore the two primary types of control systems: open-loop and closed-loop systems. We'll 
examine their structures, characteristics, advantages, and limitations to understand when each type is most appropriate for 
different engineering challenges.
Open-Loop Control Systems
An open-loop control system is one where the output is dependent on input, but the controlling action operates 
independently of the output. These systems are also called non-feedback systems, as the output has no influence on the 
control action of the input signal.
Manual systems are classic examples of open-loop control. In these systems, the process output remains completely 
independent of controller actions, requiring human intervention for adjustments.
Key Characteristics
Output has no effect on input 
control actions
Requires manual monitoring and 
adjustment
Control decisions made without 
output measurement
Advantages
Simple construction and design
Economical implementation
Easy maintenance requirements
Generally stable operation
Disadvantages
Lower accuracy in performance
Reduced reliability
Cannot automatically correct 
output changes
Page 4


Basics of Control System 
and Transfer
Types of Control Systems
Control systems are fundamental to automation and engineering, allowing us to manage and direct the behavior of 
dynamic systems. They provide the framework for regulating processes, maintaining stability, and achieving desired 
outputs across various applications.
In this presentation, we'll explore the two primary types of control systems: open-loop and closed-loop systems. We'll 
examine their structures, characteristics, advantages, and limitations to understand when each type is most appropriate for 
different engineering challenges.
Open-Loop Control Systems
An open-loop control system is one where the output is dependent on input, but the controlling action operates 
independently of the output. These systems are also called non-feedback systems, as the output has no influence on the 
control action of the input signal.
Manual systems are classic examples of open-loop control. In these systems, the process output remains completely 
independent of controller actions, requiring human intervention for adjustments.
Key Characteristics
Output has no effect on input 
control actions
Requires manual monitoring and 
adjustment
Control decisions made without 
output measurement
Advantages
Simple construction and design
Economical implementation
Easy maintenance requirements
Generally stable operation
Disadvantages
Lower accuracy in performance
Reduced reliability
Cannot automatically correct 
output changes
Closed-Loop Control Systems
A closed-loop control system is one where the controlling action depends on the output. The output affects the input 
quantity in such a way that the input adjusts itself based on the generated output. Adding feedback to an open-loop system 
converts it to a closed-loop system.
This feedback automatically makes adjustments to compensate for external disturbances, making closed-loop systems also 
known as automatic control systems or feedback control systems.
Input Signal
System receives desired value
Controller
Processes error and determines 
action
Process
System performs required 
operation
Feedback
Output measurement returns to input
Page 5


Basics of Control System 
and Transfer
Types of Control Systems
Control systems are fundamental to automation and engineering, allowing us to manage and direct the behavior of 
dynamic systems. They provide the framework for regulating processes, maintaining stability, and achieving desired 
outputs across various applications.
In this presentation, we'll explore the two primary types of control systems: open-loop and closed-loop systems. We'll 
examine their structures, characteristics, advantages, and limitations to understand when each type is most appropriate for 
different engineering challenges.
Open-Loop Control Systems
An open-loop control system is one where the output is dependent on input, but the controlling action operates 
independently of the output. These systems are also called non-feedback systems, as the output has no influence on the 
control action of the input signal.
Manual systems are classic examples of open-loop control. In these systems, the process output remains completely 
independent of controller actions, requiring human intervention for adjustments.
Key Characteristics
Output has no effect on input 
control actions
Requires manual monitoring and 
adjustment
Control decisions made without 
output measurement
Advantages
Simple construction and design
Economical implementation
Easy maintenance requirements
Generally stable operation
Disadvantages
Lower accuracy in performance
Reduced reliability
Cannot automatically correct 
output changes
Closed-Loop Control Systems
A closed-loop control system is one where the controlling action depends on the output. The output affects the input 
quantity in such a way that the input adjusts itself based on the generated output. Adding feedback to an open-loop system 
converts it to a closed-loop system.
This feedback automatically makes adjustments to compensate for external disturbances, making closed-loop systems also 
known as automatic control systems or feedback control systems.
Input Signal
System receives desired value
Controller
Processes error and determines 
action
Process
System performs required 
operation
Feedback
Output measurement returns to input
Transfer 
Function