Selina Textbook Solutions: Health and Hygiene | Biology Class 6 ICSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Multiple Choice questions: 
 
1. Put a tick mark ( ?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
(a) Malaria is caused by: 
(i) Bacteria 
(ii) Protozoan 
(iii) Fungi 
(iv) Virus 
(b) Deficiency of calcium causes 
(i) Poor growth of teeth and gums 
(ii) Goitre 
(iii) Anaemia 
(iv) Polio 
(c) Hay fever and asthma are 
(i) Deficiency diseases 
(ii) Genetic diseases 
(iii) Organic diseases 
(iv) Allergy diseases 
PQ. Cataract is a disease of: 
(i) Ears 
(ii) Nose 
(iii) Eyes 
(iv) Throat 
(d) Infectious diseases can be prevented by: 
(i) Medicines 
(ii) Proper food 
(iii) Immunisation 
(iv) Exercise 
(e) Which one of the following is a genetic disease? 
(i) Scurvy 
(ii) Leukemia 
(lii) Goitre 
(iv) Haemophilia 
(f) Which one of the following is a degenerative disease? 
(i) Thalassemia 
(ii) Ben-ben 
Page 2


Multiple Choice questions: 
 
1. Put a tick mark ( ?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
(a) Malaria is caused by: 
(i) Bacteria 
(ii) Protozoan 
(iii) Fungi 
(iv) Virus 
(b) Deficiency of calcium causes 
(i) Poor growth of teeth and gums 
(ii) Goitre 
(iii) Anaemia 
(iv) Polio 
(c) Hay fever and asthma are 
(i) Deficiency diseases 
(ii) Genetic diseases 
(iii) Organic diseases 
(iv) Allergy diseases 
PQ. Cataract is a disease of: 
(i) Ears 
(ii) Nose 
(iii) Eyes 
(iv) Throat 
(d) Infectious diseases can be prevented by: 
(i) Medicines 
(ii) Proper food 
(iii) Immunisation 
(iv) Exercise 
(e) Which one of the following is a genetic disease? 
(i) Scurvy 
(ii) Leukemia 
(lii) Goitre 
(iv) Haemophilia 
(f) Which one of the following is a degenerative disease? 
(i) Thalassemia 
(ii) Ben-ben 
(iii) Cataract 
(iv) Diabetes 
(g) Pellagra is one disease caused by the deficiency of: 
(i) Vit. B3 
(ii) Vit. B1 
(iii) Vit. C 
(iv) Vit. D 
(h) Deficiency of Iodine in one’s food can cause: 
(i) Ben-ben 
(ii) Goitre 
(iii) Scurvy 
(iv) Pellagra 
(i) Which one of the following mineral deficiency diseases can be cured by eating 
a diet which include green leafy vegetables, banana, cereals, egg-yolk? 
(i) Goitre 
(ii) Anaemia 
(iii) Brittle bones 
(iv) Pain in muscle contraction 
(j) Which one of the following vitamin deficiency diseases can be cured by eating 
a diet which includes carrot, yellow fruits, vegetables, butter, milk, fish ? 
(i) Beri-beri 
(ii) Dermatitis 
(iii) Night blindness 
(iv) Scurvy 
(k) Which one of the following is a communicable disease? 
(i) Measles 
(ii) Cancer 
(iii) Heart stroke 
(iv) Allergy 
Short Answer Questions: 
Question 1(a). 
What is a non-communicable disease ? 
Answer: 
The diseases which are caused due to improper functioning of the body organs e.g. 
diabetes, heart attack. They are not caused by germs and not transmitted from one to 
another. 
Page 3


Multiple Choice questions: 
 
1. Put a tick mark ( ?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
(a) Malaria is caused by: 
(i) Bacteria 
(ii) Protozoan 
(iii) Fungi 
(iv) Virus 
(b) Deficiency of calcium causes 
(i) Poor growth of teeth and gums 
(ii) Goitre 
(iii) Anaemia 
(iv) Polio 
(c) Hay fever and asthma are 
(i) Deficiency diseases 
(ii) Genetic diseases 
(iii) Organic diseases 
(iv) Allergy diseases 
PQ. Cataract is a disease of: 
(i) Ears 
(ii) Nose 
(iii) Eyes 
(iv) Throat 
(d) Infectious diseases can be prevented by: 
(i) Medicines 
(ii) Proper food 
(iii) Immunisation 
(iv) Exercise 
(e) Which one of the following is a genetic disease? 
(i) Scurvy 
(ii) Leukemia 
(lii) Goitre 
(iv) Haemophilia 
(f) Which one of the following is a degenerative disease? 
(i) Thalassemia 
(ii) Ben-ben 
(iii) Cataract 
(iv) Diabetes 
(g) Pellagra is one disease caused by the deficiency of: 
(i) Vit. B3 
(ii) Vit. B1 
(iii) Vit. C 
(iv) Vit. D 
(h) Deficiency of Iodine in one’s food can cause: 
(i) Ben-ben 
(ii) Goitre 
(iii) Scurvy 
(iv) Pellagra 
(i) Which one of the following mineral deficiency diseases can be cured by eating 
a diet which include green leafy vegetables, banana, cereals, egg-yolk? 
(i) Goitre 
(ii) Anaemia 
(iii) Brittle bones 
(iv) Pain in muscle contraction 
(j) Which one of the following vitamin deficiency diseases can be cured by eating 
a diet which includes carrot, yellow fruits, vegetables, butter, milk, fish ? 
(i) Beri-beri 
(ii) Dermatitis 
(iii) Night blindness 
(iv) Scurvy 
(k) Which one of the following is a communicable disease? 
(i) Measles 
(ii) Cancer 
(iii) Heart stroke 
(iv) Allergy 
Short Answer Questions: 
Question 1(a). 
What is a non-communicable disease ? 
Answer: 
The diseases which are caused due to improper functioning of the body organs e.g. 
diabetes, heart attack. They are not caused by germs and not transmitted from one to 
another. 
Question 1(b). 
What is a deficiency disease 
Answer: 
These disease are caused by lack of nutrients, vitamins, minerals as a anaemia, goitre. 
Question 1(c). 
What are communicable diseases ? How can they be avoided ? 
Answer: 
Those disease which spread from one person to another by the entry of microorganisms 
are known as communicable diseases. The disease-causing germs are called 
Pathogens. These disease can be avoided by proper vaccination, healthy food and 
hygenic surroundings. 
Question 1(d). 
Biting nails should be strictly avoided. Give reason. 
Answer: 
Nail biting may cause many disease as the dirt has many 
bacteria causing diseases. Nails should be cut from time to time to save from diseases. 
Question 1(e). 
Regular exercise and proper rest is a must. Give reason. 
Answer: 
Regular exercise keeps our body strong and immune to many 
diseases, rest refreshes our body. 
Question 1(f). 
Children eating more of fast food tend to suffer from obesity (overweight). Comment. 
Answer: 
Fast food like pizza, burger, patty, oily foods etc. have much carbohydrates and fats. 
Children eating these become more and more fat and gain weight soon as they do not 
do much of physical work. 
Question 1(g). 
How can we control spreading of diseases by mosquitoes and houseflies ? 
Answer: 
We can control spreading of diseases by mosquitoes and houseflies by using 
repellants, throwing garbage in covered bins, avoiding stagnation of water and checking 
breeding of these insects. 
2. Name the following: 
(a) A bacterial disease caused due to contaminated water 
Ans. A bacterial disease caused due to contaminated water Cholera. 
(b) A disease caused due to Plasmodium 
Ans. A disease caused due to Plasmodium Malaria. 
Page 4


Multiple Choice questions: 
 
1. Put a tick mark ( ?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
(a) Malaria is caused by: 
(i) Bacteria 
(ii) Protozoan 
(iii) Fungi 
(iv) Virus 
(b) Deficiency of calcium causes 
(i) Poor growth of teeth and gums 
(ii) Goitre 
(iii) Anaemia 
(iv) Polio 
(c) Hay fever and asthma are 
(i) Deficiency diseases 
(ii) Genetic diseases 
(iii) Organic diseases 
(iv) Allergy diseases 
PQ. Cataract is a disease of: 
(i) Ears 
(ii) Nose 
(iii) Eyes 
(iv) Throat 
(d) Infectious diseases can be prevented by: 
(i) Medicines 
(ii) Proper food 
(iii) Immunisation 
(iv) Exercise 
(e) Which one of the following is a genetic disease? 
(i) Scurvy 
(ii) Leukemia 
(lii) Goitre 
(iv) Haemophilia 
(f) Which one of the following is a degenerative disease? 
(i) Thalassemia 
(ii) Ben-ben 
(iii) Cataract 
(iv) Diabetes 
(g) Pellagra is one disease caused by the deficiency of: 
(i) Vit. B3 
(ii) Vit. B1 
(iii) Vit. C 
(iv) Vit. D 
(h) Deficiency of Iodine in one’s food can cause: 
(i) Ben-ben 
(ii) Goitre 
(iii) Scurvy 
(iv) Pellagra 
(i) Which one of the following mineral deficiency diseases can be cured by eating 
a diet which include green leafy vegetables, banana, cereals, egg-yolk? 
(i) Goitre 
(ii) Anaemia 
(iii) Brittle bones 
(iv) Pain in muscle contraction 
(j) Which one of the following vitamin deficiency diseases can be cured by eating 
a diet which includes carrot, yellow fruits, vegetables, butter, milk, fish ? 
(i) Beri-beri 
(ii) Dermatitis 
(iii) Night blindness 
(iv) Scurvy 
(k) Which one of the following is a communicable disease? 
(i) Measles 
(ii) Cancer 
(iii) Heart stroke 
(iv) Allergy 
Short Answer Questions: 
Question 1(a). 
What is a non-communicable disease ? 
Answer: 
The diseases which are caused due to improper functioning of the body organs e.g. 
diabetes, heart attack. They are not caused by germs and not transmitted from one to 
another. 
Question 1(b). 
What is a deficiency disease 
Answer: 
These disease are caused by lack of nutrients, vitamins, minerals as a anaemia, goitre. 
Question 1(c). 
What are communicable diseases ? How can they be avoided ? 
Answer: 
Those disease which spread from one person to another by the entry of microorganisms 
are known as communicable diseases. The disease-causing germs are called 
Pathogens. These disease can be avoided by proper vaccination, healthy food and 
hygenic surroundings. 
Question 1(d). 
Biting nails should be strictly avoided. Give reason. 
Answer: 
Nail biting may cause many disease as the dirt has many 
bacteria causing diseases. Nails should be cut from time to time to save from diseases. 
Question 1(e). 
Regular exercise and proper rest is a must. Give reason. 
Answer: 
Regular exercise keeps our body strong and immune to many 
diseases, rest refreshes our body. 
Question 1(f). 
Children eating more of fast food tend to suffer from obesity (overweight). Comment. 
Answer: 
Fast food like pizza, burger, patty, oily foods etc. have much carbohydrates and fats. 
Children eating these become more and more fat and gain weight soon as they do not 
do much of physical work. 
Question 1(g). 
How can we control spreading of diseases by mosquitoes and houseflies ? 
Answer: 
We can control spreading of diseases by mosquitoes and houseflies by using 
repellants, throwing garbage in covered bins, avoiding stagnation of water and checking 
breeding of these insects. 
2. Name the following: 
(a) A bacterial disease caused due to contaminated water 
Ans. A bacterial disease caused due to contaminated water Cholera. 
(b) A disease caused due to Plasmodium 
Ans. A disease caused due to Plasmodium Malaria. 
(c) A disease caused due to the bite of female Culex mosquito 
Ans. A disease caused due to the bite of female Culex mosquito 
Elephantiasis. 
(d) A viral disease spread by the bite of a dog 
Ans. A viral disease spread by the bite of a dog Rabies/ Hydrophobia 
(e) Two diseases caused due to deficiency of protein in the diet of a child. 
Ans. Kwashiorkor and marasmus. 
(f) Any three water-borne disease. 
Ans. Amoebiasis, Cholera, Hepatitis A. 
(g) A viral disease caused due to unhealthy sexual contact 
Ans. A viral disease caused due to unhealthy sexual contact AIDS. 
(h) A disease caused due to choking of coronary artery 
Ans. A disease caused due to choking of coronary artery Atheraosclerosis. 
3. Write short (1-2 sentences) notes on the following: 
Disease, immunisation, pathogen, allergy, AIDS. 
Answer: 
1. Disease: Disease is a departure from normal health due to structural or functional 
disorder of the body. Disease may be due to deficiency of nutrients or 
malfunctioning of organs or genetic disorders, improper metabolic activity, or 
allergies, or cancer and mental illness as diabetes, haemophilia, leukemia, 
schizophrenia. 
2. Immunisation: It means, we make the body immune to certain diseases by 
introducing respective weakened germs into the body. Thus we develop 
resistance to the concerned disease this process is called immunisation. The 
germs or the material introduced into the body to make it resistant to the 
concerned disease is called vaccine. This produces antibodies in the body of the 
person and the person can be saved by these antibodies. The vaccine can be 
given by the injection or orally as polio drops, tap vaccine for typhoid, BCG 
vaccine for tuberculosis. 
3. Pathogens: The germs that cause diseases to human beings and to other 
animals and plants are called pathogens. They spread the diseases from person 
to person or through the air or through the articles of the diseased persons. 
Pathogens may be different kinds of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans or worms. 
Allergy: Allergy is an unpredictable reaction to a particular substance. This type of 
substance is called allergen. Different people are allergic to different substances. 
A few common allergens are dust, spores, pollen, certain clothes, particular 
cosmetics, etc. The common areas of the body parts which are affected by 
allergies are skin, respiratory and digestive tracts. Asthma, eczema, diarrhoea, 
vomiting, nausea, etc. are some of the common allergic reactions. 
4. AID’S (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome): It is a viral disease caused by 
the virus called HTV (Human immuno deficiency virus) This virus makes the 
defence mechanism of the human body veiy weak. The immune system in the 
body as W.B.C. becomes weak. Thus the person catches the infectious diseases 
very easily. This disease spreads through sexual contact as one of the partner 
Page 5


Multiple Choice questions: 
 
1. Put a tick mark ( ?) against the correct alternative in the following statements: 
(a) Malaria is caused by: 
(i) Bacteria 
(ii) Protozoan 
(iii) Fungi 
(iv) Virus 
(b) Deficiency of calcium causes 
(i) Poor growth of teeth and gums 
(ii) Goitre 
(iii) Anaemia 
(iv) Polio 
(c) Hay fever and asthma are 
(i) Deficiency diseases 
(ii) Genetic diseases 
(iii) Organic diseases 
(iv) Allergy diseases 
PQ. Cataract is a disease of: 
(i) Ears 
(ii) Nose 
(iii) Eyes 
(iv) Throat 
(d) Infectious diseases can be prevented by: 
(i) Medicines 
(ii) Proper food 
(iii) Immunisation 
(iv) Exercise 
(e) Which one of the following is a genetic disease? 
(i) Scurvy 
(ii) Leukemia 
(lii) Goitre 
(iv) Haemophilia 
(f) Which one of the following is a degenerative disease? 
(i) Thalassemia 
(ii) Ben-ben 
(iii) Cataract 
(iv) Diabetes 
(g) Pellagra is one disease caused by the deficiency of: 
(i) Vit. B3 
(ii) Vit. B1 
(iii) Vit. C 
(iv) Vit. D 
(h) Deficiency of Iodine in one’s food can cause: 
(i) Ben-ben 
(ii) Goitre 
(iii) Scurvy 
(iv) Pellagra 
(i) Which one of the following mineral deficiency diseases can be cured by eating 
a diet which include green leafy vegetables, banana, cereals, egg-yolk? 
(i) Goitre 
(ii) Anaemia 
(iii) Brittle bones 
(iv) Pain in muscle contraction 
(j) Which one of the following vitamin deficiency diseases can be cured by eating 
a diet which includes carrot, yellow fruits, vegetables, butter, milk, fish ? 
(i) Beri-beri 
(ii) Dermatitis 
(iii) Night blindness 
(iv) Scurvy 
(k) Which one of the following is a communicable disease? 
(i) Measles 
(ii) Cancer 
(iii) Heart stroke 
(iv) Allergy 
Short Answer Questions: 
Question 1(a). 
What is a non-communicable disease ? 
Answer: 
The diseases which are caused due to improper functioning of the body organs e.g. 
diabetes, heart attack. They are not caused by germs and not transmitted from one to 
another. 
Question 1(b). 
What is a deficiency disease 
Answer: 
These disease are caused by lack of nutrients, vitamins, minerals as a anaemia, goitre. 
Question 1(c). 
What are communicable diseases ? How can they be avoided ? 
Answer: 
Those disease which spread from one person to another by the entry of microorganisms 
are known as communicable diseases. The disease-causing germs are called 
Pathogens. These disease can be avoided by proper vaccination, healthy food and 
hygenic surroundings. 
Question 1(d). 
Biting nails should be strictly avoided. Give reason. 
Answer: 
Nail biting may cause many disease as the dirt has many 
bacteria causing diseases. Nails should be cut from time to time to save from diseases. 
Question 1(e). 
Regular exercise and proper rest is a must. Give reason. 
Answer: 
Regular exercise keeps our body strong and immune to many 
diseases, rest refreshes our body. 
Question 1(f). 
Children eating more of fast food tend to suffer from obesity (overweight). Comment. 
Answer: 
Fast food like pizza, burger, patty, oily foods etc. have much carbohydrates and fats. 
Children eating these become more and more fat and gain weight soon as they do not 
do much of physical work. 
Question 1(g). 
How can we control spreading of diseases by mosquitoes and houseflies ? 
Answer: 
We can control spreading of diseases by mosquitoes and houseflies by using 
repellants, throwing garbage in covered bins, avoiding stagnation of water and checking 
breeding of these insects. 
2. Name the following: 
(a) A bacterial disease caused due to contaminated water 
Ans. A bacterial disease caused due to contaminated water Cholera. 
(b) A disease caused due to Plasmodium 
Ans. A disease caused due to Plasmodium Malaria. 
(c) A disease caused due to the bite of female Culex mosquito 
Ans. A disease caused due to the bite of female Culex mosquito 
Elephantiasis. 
(d) A viral disease spread by the bite of a dog 
Ans. A viral disease spread by the bite of a dog Rabies/ Hydrophobia 
(e) Two diseases caused due to deficiency of protein in the diet of a child. 
Ans. Kwashiorkor and marasmus. 
(f) Any three water-borne disease. 
Ans. Amoebiasis, Cholera, Hepatitis A. 
(g) A viral disease caused due to unhealthy sexual contact 
Ans. A viral disease caused due to unhealthy sexual contact AIDS. 
(h) A disease caused due to choking of coronary artery 
Ans. A disease caused due to choking of coronary artery Atheraosclerosis. 
3. Write short (1-2 sentences) notes on the following: 
Disease, immunisation, pathogen, allergy, AIDS. 
Answer: 
1. Disease: Disease is a departure from normal health due to structural or functional 
disorder of the body. Disease may be due to deficiency of nutrients or 
malfunctioning of organs or genetic disorders, improper metabolic activity, or 
allergies, or cancer and mental illness as diabetes, haemophilia, leukemia, 
schizophrenia. 
2. Immunisation: It means, we make the body immune to certain diseases by 
introducing respective weakened germs into the body. Thus we develop 
resistance to the concerned disease this process is called immunisation. The 
germs or the material introduced into the body to make it resistant to the 
concerned disease is called vaccine. This produces antibodies in the body of the 
person and the person can be saved by these antibodies. The vaccine can be 
given by the injection or orally as polio drops, tap vaccine for typhoid, BCG 
vaccine for tuberculosis. 
3. Pathogens: The germs that cause diseases to human beings and to other 
animals and plants are called pathogens. They spread the diseases from person 
to person or through the air or through the articles of the diseased persons. 
Pathogens may be different kinds of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans or worms. 
Allergy: Allergy is an unpredictable reaction to a particular substance. This type of 
substance is called allergen. Different people are allergic to different substances. 
A few common allergens are dust, spores, pollen, certain clothes, particular 
cosmetics, etc. The common areas of the body parts which are affected by 
allergies are skin, respiratory and digestive tracts. Asthma, eczema, diarrhoea, 
vomiting, nausea, etc. are some of the common allergic reactions. 
4. AID’S (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome): It is a viral disease caused by 
the virus called HTV (Human immuno deficiency virus) This virus makes the 
defence mechanism of the human body veiy weak. The immune system in the 
body as W.B.C. becomes weak. Thus the person catches the infectious diseases 
very easily. This disease spreads through sexual contact as one of the partner 
may be carrier of the disease. It may spread through the blood transfusion and 
infected syringes, blades of the barbers, it may infect the developing baby through 
the blood by the mother. It is very deadly disease. 
  
4. Fill in the blanks by selecting suitable words given below: (clotting, goitre, 
insuline, rickets, iron, proteins) 
1. Anaemia is caused due to the deficiency of iron 
2. Deficiency of Vit. D causes rickets in children. 
3. Deficiency of iodine in the diet may cause goitre. 
4.  Kwashiorkor is caused due to the deficiency of proteins 
5. Diabetes is caused due to undersecretion of insulin. 
6. Haemophilia is a disease caused due to slow clotting of the blood. 
5. Find the odd one out: 
 
(a) Typhoid, cholera, j aundice, tuberculosis, tetanus. 
Ans. Jaundice is odd one 
(b) Cold, malaria, measles, mumps. 
Ans. Malaria is odd one. 
(c) Scurvy, rickets, polio, pellagra, nightblindness. 
Ans. Haemophilia is odd one. 
(d) Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, cancer. ‘ 
Ans. Cancer is odd one. 
6. Fill in the blank in the following table: