Selina Textbook Solutions: Plant And Animal Tissues | Biology Class 7 ICSE PDF Download

 Page 1


Plant And Animal Tissues 
Synopsis 
? The unit of level of organisation is independent in its mode of existence and 
activity. 
? All multi cellular organisms start their life as a single cell. 
? Plant tissues are basically of two type 
1.  meristematic 
2.  permanent or non-dividing 
? The permanent – plant tissues are further of three types 
1. protective 
2. supportive: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma 
3. conductive: xylem, phloem 
? Parenchymal cells have thin-walled cells and usually with a vacuole. 
? Potatoes mainly are composed of parenchymal cells. 
? Collenchyma are parenchymatous cells which are elongated and are thick at the 
comers. This helps to support the parts of the plant. 
? Sclerenchyma tissue is formed of long, narrow and thick cells. This provides 
strength to the plant parts. 
? Xylem is formed of thick-walled, tubular and often dead cells. They transport water 
and minerals absorbed by roots. 
? Old xylem forms the wood. 
? Phloem is formed of living tubular cells which provide a passage for the downward 
transport of food. 
? The four major groups of animal tissues 
 
1. epithelial tissue 
2. connective tissue 
3. muscular tissue 
4. nervous tissue 
? The epithelial tissue is further of four types: 
 
1. squamous epithelium (protective) 
2. cuboidal epithelium (absorption) 
3. columnar epithelium (secretory) 
4. ciliated epithelium (movement of substances) 
? Supportive connective tissue consists of 
1. Cartilage 
2.  Bone 
? Fibrous connective tissue: 
It packs and binds most of the organs. It is of the following types. 
1. areolar tissue: binds skin to underlying tissue. 
2. adipose tissue: filled with fat. 
3. tendon: connect muscles to bones. 
Page 2


Plant And Animal Tissues 
Synopsis 
? The unit of level of organisation is independent in its mode of existence and 
activity. 
? All multi cellular organisms start their life as a single cell. 
? Plant tissues are basically of two type 
1.  meristematic 
2.  permanent or non-dividing 
? The permanent – plant tissues are further of three types 
1. protective 
2. supportive: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma 
3. conductive: xylem, phloem 
? Parenchymal cells have thin-walled cells and usually with a vacuole. 
? Potatoes mainly are composed of parenchymal cells. 
? Collenchyma are parenchymatous cells which are elongated and are thick at the 
comers. This helps to support the parts of the plant. 
? Sclerenchyma tissue is formed of long, narrow and thick cells. This provides 
strength to the plant parts. 
? Xylem is formed of thick-walled, tubular and often dead cells. They transport water 
and minerals absorbed by roots. 
? Old xylem forms the wood. 
? Phloem is formed of living tubular cells which provide a passage for the downward 
transport of food. 
? The four major groups of animal tissues 
 
1. epithelial tissue 
2. connective tissue 
3. muscular tissue 
4. nervous tissue 
? The epithelial tissue is further of four types: 
 
1. squamous epithelium (protective) 
2. cuboidal epithelium (absorption) 
3. columnar epithelium (secretory) 
4. ciliated epithelium (movement of substances) 
? Supportive connective tissue consists of 
1. Cartilage 
2.  Bone 
? Fibrous connective tissue: 
It packs and binds most of the organs. It is of the following types. 
1. areolar tissue: binds skin to underlying tissue. 
2. adipose tissue: filled with fat. 
3. tendon: connect muscles to bones. 
4. ligaments: connect bone to another bone. 
? Fluid connective tissue consists of 
1. Blood 
2. Lymph 
? The liquid part of the blood is called plasma and the cellular part includes: 
1. red blood cells 
2.  white blood cells 
3.  platelets. 
? Three distinct kinds of muscles are 
1. striated or skeletal 
2. unstriated or smooth 
3. cardiac or heart. 
? A nerve cell is formed of a cell body called cyton and one or more elongated hair-
like extensions called dendrites. The longest dendrite is called axon. 
? Systems of the body with their primary vital function.Skeletal system: support 
and protection 
Review Questions 
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 
1. Put a tick ( ?) against the most appropriate alternative in the following 
statements. 
(i) A group of similar cells to perform a specific function forms a 
(a) organ 
(b) species 
(c) organ system 
(d) tissue 
(ii) The fine branches given out from the cell body of a nerve cell are 
(a) dendrites 
(b) cyton 
(c) axon 
(d) neurons 
1. Muscular system: movement 
2. Digestive system: nutrition 
3. Respiratory system: exchange of gases 
4. Circulatory system: transport of materials 
5. Excretory system: waste removal 
6. Nervous system: sensation and co-ordination 
7.  Reproductive system: continuation of race. 
Page 3


Plant And Animal Tissues 
Synopsis 
? The unit of level of organisation is independent in its mode of existence and 
activity. 
? All multi cellular organisms start their life as a single cell. 
? Plant tissues are basically of two type 
1.  meristematic 
2.  permanent or non-dividing 
? The permanent – plant tissues are further of three types 
1. protective 
2. supportive: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma 
3. conductive: xylem, phloem 
? Parenchymal cells have thin-walled cells and usually with a vacuole. 
? Potatoes mainly are composed of parenchymal cells. 
? Collenchyma are parenchymatous cells which are elongated and are thick at the 
comers. This helps to support the parts of the plant. 
? Sclerenchyma tissue is formed of long, narrow and thick cells. This provides 
strength to the plant parts. 
? Xylem is formed of thick-walled, tubular and often dead cells. They transport water 
and minerals absorbed by roots. 
? Old xylem forms the wood. 
? Phloem is formed of living tubular cells which provide a passage for the downward 
transport of food. 
? The four major groups of animal tissues 
 
1. epithelial tissue 
2. connective tissue 
3. muscular tissue 
4. nervous tissue 
? The epithelial tissue is further of four types: 
 
1. squamous epithelium (protective) 
2. cuboidal epithelium (absorption) 
3. columnar epithelium (secretory) 
4. ciliated epithelium (movement of substances) 
? Supportive connective tissue consists of 
1. Cartilage 
2.  Bone 
? Fibrous connective tissue: 
It packs and binds most of the organs. It is of the following types. 
1. areolar tissue: binds skin to underlying tissue. 
2. adipose tissue: filled with fat. 
3. tendon: connect muscles to bones. 
4. ligaments: connect bone to another bone. 
? Fluid connective tissue consists of 
1. Blood 
2. Lymph 
? The liquid part of the blood is called plasma and the cellular part includes: 
1. red blood cells 
2.  white blood cells 
3.  platelets. 
? Three distinct kinds of muscles are 
1. striated or skeletal 
2. unstriated or smooth 
3. cardiac or heart. 
? A nerve cell is formed of a cell body called cyton and one or more elongated hair-
like extensions called dendrites. The longest dendrite is called axon. 
? Systems of the body with their primary vital function.Skeletal system: support 
and protection 
Review Questions 
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 
1. Put a tick ( ?) against the most appropriate alternative in the following 
statements. 
(i) A group of similar cells to perform a specific function forms a 
(a) organ 
(b) species 
(c) organ system 
(d) tissue 
(ii) The fine branches given out from the cell body of a nerve cell are 
(a) dendrites 
(b) cyton 
(c) axon 
(d) neurons 
1. Muscular system: movement 
2. Digestive system: nutrition 
3. Respiratory system: exchange of gases 
4. Circulatory system: transport of materials 
5. Excretory system: waste removal 
6. Nervous system: sensation and co-ordination 
7.  Reproductive system: continuation of race. 
(iii) Fluid connective tissue of humans is 
(a) blood and cartilage 
(b) lymph and plasma 
(c) blood and lymph 
(d) stroma and matrix 
Short Answer Questions 
Question 1. 
1. Define the following terms: 
1. Tissue 
2. Organ 
Answer: 
1. Tissue: A group of similar cells which perform a specific function. 
example: Muscular tissue in animals. 
2. Organ: The different type of tissues which group together to function in a co-
ordinated manner. 
example: liver 
2. Answer the following: 
Question 2(i). 
What is a meristematic tissue ? How is it different from permanent tissues ? 
Answer: 
Plant tissues are classified into two types: 
1. Meristematic tissue 
2.  Permanent or non-diving tissue 
Meristematic tissues are the plant tissues which are made up of actively dividing cells. 
These tissues actively divide and lead to the growth of the plant body. They are found at 
the growth points of the plant like tips of root, stem and branches etc. 
1. Cells are small with thin cell walls. 
2. Cells have large and conspicuous nuclei. 
3. Cells have no vacuoles. 
4. Cells are actively dividing type cells. 
 
Page 4


Plant And Animal Tissues 
Synopsis 
? The unit of level of organisation is independent in its mode of existence and 
activity. 
? All multi cellular organisms start their life as a single cell. 
? Plant tissues are basically of two type 
1.  meristematic 
2.  permanent or non-dividing 
? The permanent – plant tissues are further of three types 
1. protective 
2. supportive: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma 
3. conductive: xylem, phloem 
? Parenchymal cells have thin-walled cells and usually with a vacuole. 
? Potatoes mainly are composed of parenchymal cells. 
? Collenchyma are parenchymatous cells which are elongated and are thick at the 
comers. This helps to support the parts of the plant. 
? Sclerenchyma tissue is formed of long, narrow and thick cells. This provides 
strength to the plant parts. 
? Xylem is formed of thick-walled, tubular and often dead cells. They transport water 
and minerals absorbed by roots. 
? Old xylem forms the wood. 
? Phloem is formed of living tubular cells which provide a passage for the downward 
transport of food. 
? The four major groups of animal tissues 
 
1. epithelial tissue 
2. connective tissue 
3. muscular tissue 
4. nervous tissue 
? The epithelial tissue is further of four types: 
 
1. squamous epithelium (protective) 
2. cuboidal epithelium (absorption) 
3. columnar epithelium (secretory) 
4. ciliated epithelium (movement of substances) 
? Supportive connective tissue consists of 
1. Cartilage 
2.  Bone 
? Fibrous connective tissue: 
It packs and binds most of the organs. It is of the following types. 
1. areolar tissue: binds skin to underlying tissue. 
2. adipose tissue: filled with fat. 
3. tendon: connect muscles to bones. 
4. ligaments: connect bone to another bone. 
? Fluid connective tissue consists of 
1. Blood 
2. Lymph 
? The liquid part of the blood is called plasma and the cellular part includes: 
1. red blood cells 
2.  white blood cells 
3.  platelets. 
? Three distinct kinds of muscles are 
1. striated or skeletal 
2. unstriated or smooth 
3. cardiac or heart. 
? A nerve cell is formed of a cell body called cyton and one or more elongated hair-
like extensions called dendrites. The longest dendrite is called axon. 
? Systems of the body with their primary vital function.Skeletal system: support 
and protection 
Review Questions 
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 
1. Put a tick ( ?) against the most appropriate alternative in the following 
statements. 
(i) A group of similar cells to perform a specific function forms a 
(a) organ 
(b) species 
(c) organ system 
(d) tissue 
(ii) The fine branches given out from the cell body of a nerve cell are 
(a) dendrites 
(b) cyton 
(c) axon 
(d) neurons 
1. Muscular system: movement 
2. Digestive system: nutrition 
3. Respiratory system: exchange of gases 
4. Circulatory system: transport of materials 
5. Excretory system: waste removal 
6. Nervous system: sensation and co-ordination 
7.  Reproductive system: continuation of race. 
(iii) Fluid connective tissue of humans is 
(a) blood and cartilage 
(b) lymph and plasma 
(c) blood and lymph 
(d) stroma and matrix 
Short Answer Questions 
Question 1. 
1. Define the following terms: 
1. Tissue 
2. Organ 
Answer: 
1. Tissue: A group of similar cells which perform a specific function. 
example: Muscular tissue in animals. 
2. Organ: The different type of tissues which group together to function in a co-
ordinated manner. 
example: liver 
2. Answer the following: 
Question 2(i). 
What is a meristematic tissue ? How is it different from permanent tissues ? 
Answer: 
Plant tissues are classified into two types: 
1. Meristematic tissue 
2.  Permanent or non-diving tissue 
Meristematic tissues are the plant tissues which are made up of actively dividing cells. 
These tissues actively divide and lead to the growth of the plant body. They are found at 
the growth points of the plant like tips of root, stem and branches etc. 
1. Cells are small with thin cell walls. 
2. Cells have large and conspicuous nuclei. 
3. Cells have no vacuoles. 
4. Cells are actively dividing type cells. 
 
Difference between Meristematic and permanent 
Meristematic tissue : 
1. Meristematic tissue is present at the tip of the root and stem and in between the 
xylem and phloem. Form apical meristematic tissue when present at the tips. It is 
in the form of cambium in between the xylem and phloem. 
2. Meristematic cells divide and form other types of tissues. The cells are thin walled. 
3. Meristematic cells may be intercalary as in case of monocots. 
4. The cells are small and isodiametric, vacuoles are small or absent. 
5. Respiratory and biosynthetic activities maximum. 
6. The cells are immature and mitochondria simple. 
7. Proplastids act as plastids. 
Permanent tissue 
1. Permanent tissue may be simple as parenchyma, collenchyma or sclerenchyma 
and it may be complex as xylem and phloem. 
2. These are made up of more than one kind of cells. These perform a common 
function Xylem and phloem form vascular system of the plant. These cells do not 
have the power to divide. 
3. These cells may act as epidermis cortex or grit cells. Sclerenchyma gives 
strength. 
4. Living cells of permanent tissue have vacuoles. The cells are large and of different 
shapes. 
5. Both these activities are low. 
6. The cells fully mature, mitochondria fully developed. 
7. Living cells have plastids. 
Question 2(ii). 
Which living material would you take to demonstrate meristematic tissue ? 
Answer: 
Green gram seeds can be used to demonstrate meristematic tissue which when soaked 
in a petridish stuffed with wet cotton and left for 3-4 days would sprout out. These 
sprouted seeds have roots developing whose root tips have meristematic tissue. 
Question 2(iii). 
What is the function of meristematic tissue ? 
Answer: 
The meristematic tissue have the primary role in the growth of the plant tissue as it 
consists of active dividing cells 
 
Page 5


Plant And Animal Tissues 
Synopsis 
? The unit of level of organisation is independent in its mode of existence and 
activity. 
? All multi cellular organisms start their life as a single cell. 
? Plant tissues are basically of two type 
1.  meristematic 
2.  permanent or non-dividing 
? The permanent – plant tissues are further of three types 
1. protective 
2. supportive: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma 
3. conductive: xylem, phloem 
? Parenchymal cells have thin-walled cells and usually with a vacuole. 
? Potatoes mainly are composed of parenchymal cells. 
? Collenchyma are parenchymatous cells which are elongated and are thick at the 
comers. This helps to support the parts of the plant. 
? Sclerenchyma tissue is formed of long, narrow and thick cells. This provides 
strength to the plant parts. 
? Xylem is formed of thick-walled, tubular and often dead cells. They transport water 
and minerals absorbed by roots. 
? Old xylem forms the wood. 
? Phloem is formed of living tubular cells which provide a passage for the downward 
transport of food. 
? The four major groups of animal tissues 
 
1. epithelial tissue 
2. connective tissue 
3. muscular tissue 
4. nervous tissue 
? The epithelial tissue is further of four types: 
 
1. squamous epithelium (protective) 
2. cuboidal epithelium (absorption) 
3. columnar epithelium (secretory) 
4. ciliated epithelium (movement of substances) 
? Supportive connective tissue consists of 
1. Cartilage 
2.  Bone 
? Fibrous connective tissue: 
It packs and binds most of the organs. It is of the following types. 
1. areolar tissue: binds skin to underlying tissue. 
2. adipose tissue: filled with fat. 
3. tendon: connect muscles to bones. 
4. ligaments: connect bone to another bone. 
? Fluid connective tissue consists of 
1. Blood 
2. Lymph 
? The liquid part of the blood is called plasma and the cellular part includes: 
1. red blood cells 
2.  white blood cells 
3.  platelets. 
? Three distinct kinds of muscles are 
1. striated or skeletal 
2. unstriated or smooth 
3. cardiac or heart. 
? A nerve cell is formed of a cell body called cyton and one or more elongated hair-
like extensions called dendrites. The longest dendrite is called axon. 
? Systems of the body with their primary vital function.Skeletal system: support 
and protection 
Review Questions 
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 
1. Put a tick ( ?) against the most appropriate alternative in the following 
statements. 
(i) A group of similar cells to perform a specific function forms a 
(a) organ 
(b) species 
(c) organ system 
(d) tissue 
(ii) The fine branches given out from the cell body of a nerve cell are 
(a) dendrites 
(b) cyton 
(c) axon 
(d) neurons 
1. Muscular system: movement 
2. Digestive system: nutrition 
3. Respiratory system: exchange of gases 
4. Circulatory system: transport of materials 
5. Excretory system: waste removal 
6. Nervous system: sensation and co-ordination 
7.  Reproductive system: continuation of race. 
(iii) Fluid connective tissue of humans is 
(a) blood and cartilage 
(b) lymph and plasma 
(c) blood and lymph 
(d) stroma and matrix 
Short Answer Questions 
Question 1. 
1. Define the following terms: 
1. Tissue 
2. Organ 
Answer: 
1. Tissue: A group of similar cells which perform a specific function. 
example: Muscular tissue in animals. 
2. Organ: The different type of tissues which group together to function in a co-
ordinated manner. 
example: liver 
2. Answer the following: 
Question 2(i). 
What is a meristematic tissue ? How is it different from permanent tissues ? 
Answer: 
Plant tissues are classified into two types: 
1. Meristematic tissue 
2.  Permanent or non-diving tissue 
Meristematic tissues are the plant tissues which are made up of actively dividing cells. 
These tissues actively divide and lead to the growth of the plant body. They are found at 
the growth points of the plant like tips of root, stem and branches etc. 
1. Cells are small with thin cell walls. 
2. Cells have large and conspicuous nuclei. 
3. Cells have no vacuoles. 
4. Cells are actively dividing type cells. 
 
Difference between Meristematic and permanent 
Meristematic tissue : 
1. Meristematic tissue is present at the tip of the root and stem and in between the 
xylem and phloem. Form apical meristematic tissue when present at the tips. It is 
in the form of cambium in between the xylem and phloem. 
2. Meristematic cells divide and form other types of tissues. The cells are thin walled. 
3. Meristematic cells may be intercalary as in case of monocots. 
4. The cells are small and isodiametric, vacuoles are small or absent. 
5. Respiratory and biosynthetic activities maximum. 
6. The cells are immature and mitochondria simple. 
7. Proplastids act as plastids. 
Permanent tissue 
1. Permanent tissue may be simple as parenchyma, collenchyma or sclerenchyma 
and it may be complex as xylem and phloem. 
2. These are made up of more than one kind of cells. These perform a common 
function Xylem and phloem form vascular system of the plant. These cells do not 
have the power to divide. 
3. These cells may act as epidermis cortex or grit cells. Sclerenchyma gives 
strength. 
4. Living cells of permanent tissue have vacuoles. The cells are large and of different 
shapes. 
5. Both these activities are low. 
6. The cells fully mature, mitochondria fully developed. 
7. Living cells have plastids. 
Question 2(ii). 
Which living material would you take to demonstrate meristematic tissue ? 
Answer: 
Green gram seeds can be used to demonstrate meristematic tissue which when soaked 
in a petridish stuffed with wet cotton and left for 3-4 days would sprout out. These 
sprouted seeds have roots developing whose root tips have meristematic tissue. 
Question 2(iii). 
What is the function of meristematic tissue ? 
Answer: 
The meristematic tissue have the primary role in the growth of the plant tissue as it 
consists of active dividing cells 
 
Question 3. 
State whether the following statements are True or False.  
(i) A tissue is formed of only one type of cells. 
Ans. True 
 
(ii) Only one type of tissue forms an organ. 
Ans. False. 
Correct: Two or more types of tissue form an organ. 
(iii) Permanent tissue is made up of undifferentiated and dividing Cells. 
Ans. False. 
Correct: Meristematic tissue is made up of undifferentiated and dividing cells. 
(iv) Meristematic tissue is found at growing tips of a plant. 
Ans. True 
 
(v) Phloem is formed of dead tubular cells. 
Ans. False. 
Correct: Phloem is formed of living tubular cells. 
Question 4. 
Fill in the blanks by selecting suitable words from the list given below: 
“Thin – walled, collenchyma, vascular, tissues, conducting” 
1. A group of different tissues working together to perform a function is called an 
organ. 
2.  Xylem and phloem form the conducting tissue. 
3.  Conducting tissue is also called vascular tissue. 
4. Cells are elongated and thick at the comers in collenchyma tissue. 
5. Parenchyma is composed of large thin-walled cell 
Question 5. 
Match the items given is column A with those given in column B: 
Column A 
(i) Fibrous connective tissue 
(ii) Fluid connective tissue 
(iii) Supportive connective tissue 
(iv) Ligament 
(v) Tendon 
Column B 
(a) blood 
(b) cartilage